CH711873B1 - Air-inflated hall with window front. - Google Patents

Abstract

The air-inflated hall consists of one or more membranes made of plastic film material as a roof. It has a frame construction made of frame profiles on at least one longitudinal or transverse side, which is sealingly connected to the adjacent membrane, and at least one transparent or translucent ETFE film is built into the frame profile (15-18) to form a window front. The air dome advantageously consists of one or more membranes made of plastic film. The membrane is advantageously made of two layers, with an outer and inner membrane and divided into several membrane strips. The membrane strips can be connected along their longitudinal edges by means of a piping with piping connecting profiles in a non-positive manner. The membrane strips are 3 to 5 meters wide and extend across the entire hall from the floor on one side to the floor on the other side. Each membrane strip forms one or more pockets. These advantageously contain area-wide heat reflection mats, which are inserted into these pockets, after which the membrane strips are welded all around. Such mats are hybrid insulation mats with metallized foils or aluminum foils reflecting infrared radiation. You can have several layers of absorption-reducing bubble wrap installed to reduce the transmission heat loss. The construction of such an inflated air hall can be done by four people, is easier and faster, as is the dismantling and transportation and intermediate storage.

Description

Description Air-filled halls offer striking advantages for various applications, in particular as roofing of outdoor pools, as tennis halls, warehouses, commercial halls and temporary halls for events of all kinds. They consist of a dome-shaped shell made of one or more textile-reinforced plastic membranes, the most Floor anchored at their edges and sealed there from the spanned interior. Air blowers create an overpressure in the interior of the atmosphere, which inflates the membrane and keeps it stable in this position. Only a small and imperceptible pressure difference to the atmosphere is necessary for this, because only the membrane weight and any wind and snow loads have to be borne. This usually corresponds to a load of approx. 25 to 35 kg / m ² . To ensure that the air does not escape when entering or leaving the air-inflated hall, the entrances are designed with sealing 4-wing revolving doors (revolving doors) or locks. A distinction is made between single and multilayer membranes, with each layer performing a special function. The outer shell usually consists of a fabric-reinforced plastic membrane of the highest quality, mostly translucent. This outer shell acts as the actual static membrane, which has to absorb wind and snow loads and is impregnated against UV radiation and pollution. The single to multi-layer intermediate layers with enclosed air pockets are mainly installed as insulation layers. They are intended to improve the heat transfer value of the hall with insulation. The innermost membrane forms the end of the two- to multi-layer air envelopes. It is white for light reflection. For tennis halls, a darker color (e.g. green or blue) is usually selected up to a height of at least 3 m, so that the tennis balls are easier to recognize by the tennis players. As so-called flying structures or aerodynamic structures, air domes fall under a special DIN standard. If necessary, they can easily be dismantled and set up elsewhere, in contrast to a fixed building. The construction of an air-inflated hall is still relatively complex and labor intensive. A huge one-piece membrane with a two- or multi-layer structure has to be moved, which often requires around 20 fitters on the order of magnitude. A continuous foundation is usually created before the actual construction. It is complex and expensive. Dismantling, removal and temporary storage of an air-inflated hall is similarly complex. Again, you need a lot of helpers to fold or roll the heavy membranes and then load them onto trucks and transport them away using cranes. Storage can only take place in large halls, where the membranes can be unloaded and stored with machines.

A serious disadvantage of such air halls is the generally poor thermal insulation and thus a high energy expenditure for heating. The Swiss Conference of Cantonal Energy Specialists therefore developed a recommendation EN-8 on heated air-supported halls (December 2007) with the following statements: Existing sports facilities such as outdoor pools or tennis facilities can be covered with a relatively inexpensive, «mobile» air-supported hall from autumn to spring so that they can be used all year round are usable. Buildings covered with such membranes have a high energy consumption, which is why these recommendations for such buildings have been developed. In the following, the air-supported halls for open-air swimming pools are discussed in greater detail, since the higher heat requirements are more important than with covered tennis courts. An air-inflated hall made of foil material for the roofing of a swimming pool with a length of 58 m and a width of 28 m, for example in CH-Schaffhausen in 2003 cost approx. ¹ / z million CHF. The heating costs make up approximately 1/6 of the construction costs, ie they made up CHF 81,000 for the winter of 2004/2005 and CHF 86,000 for the winter of 2005/2006. With a 2x2-layer membrane, the heat requirement and thus the cost of natural gas should be reduced by about 30%.

Already in March 1993 the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) published the brochure "Rational use of energy in indoor pools" with the following key figures related to cubature or EBF, and there were consumption values for 1993 renovated and newly created bathrooms conventional, firm building envelope. These values include the sum of heat (mostly generated with fossil fuels) and electricity (incl. Water treatment, ventilation, lighting, cloakroom ventilation, ...), which were necessary for these buildings.

bath Water area (m ² ) 1993 renovated bathrooms (MJ / m ² a) Baths created in 1993 (MJ / m ² a) Little one 200-300 1300 1100 Middle Approx. 300-1000 1100 900 Big one Over 1000 1000 800

In new buildings, the ratio of heat to electricity is about 1: 1. For example, the indoor pool in Uster, Switzerland, which was renovated in 1988, shows the following summands:

Warmth 479 MJ / m ² a + Estrom 587 MJ / m ² a = E _Tota i 1066 MJ / m ² a.

Since 1993, the most important change has been the SIA 380/1 standard (2001 edition), which introduced a separate “indoor swimming pool” category, taking into account the high internal temperature of 28 ° C. For a single component to detection requirements of U resulted _Since ch, wall = 0.18 W / m ² K and U _Fe nster = 1.0 W / m ² K (air Zurich, without regard to the

CH 711 873 B1

Maximum share, MuKEn module 2). There are no newer consumption figures. Today it can be assumed that the consumption figures for new bathrooms can be more than halved. The key figures for heat and electricity must be shown separately and not - as in the table above - not added unweighted.

An energetic consideration for open-air baths with an air-canopy roof shows the following: A crucial component is the film of the air-air hall. With the current state of the art, the roof can be built with 2x2 membranes, which gives a U-value of about 1.1 W / m ² K. There are also roofs made of 3 or only 2-layer membranes with a significantly poorer U-value (3-layer approx. 1.9 W / m ² K). For the covering of a swimming pool, the additional price for the best construction makes sense in view of the high follow-up costs due to the energy consumption. On the other hand, a certain permeability of the film for the solar radiation is positive. The g-value is estimated to be 0.1 (0.07 to 0.2). It should also be taken into account that the components in the ground also cause heat to be dissipated. In an indoor swimming pool, these components are well insulated. If an existing outdoor pool is only covered for the winter, these components are rarely insulated. To reduce the heat losses into the ground, an approx. 1 m deep perimeter insulation must be integrated into the concrete foundation 23 (Fig. 1) between the two anchorings of the membrane. This can reduce the heat flow into the soil (for calculation, see standard EN 13370).

In the following, a comparison of the heat requirements for various film structures for the roofing of an outdoor swimming pool in Schaffhausen, Switzerland, is given, with a g-value of 0.1:

Foil size 2-layer foil 3-layer foil 2x2-layer foil m X 30m U = 2.7W / m ² KU = 2.7W / m ² KU = 2.7W / m ² K

Heat requirement film envelope 2500 MJ / m ² a 2000 MJ / m ² a 1500MJ / m ² a

Pure heat output requirement 200 kW 140 kW 80 kW with outside -8 ° C and inside +28 ° C (without ventilation)

As a result, this means that even with a 3-layer membrane (U value approx. 1.9 W / m ² K) the energy requirement is about 2000 MJ / m ² a. This consumption is about four times higher than for a medium-sized indoor pool built in 1993 using conventional construction methods. The current requirements for thermal insulation according to SIA 38011 (2001 edition) of approx. 300 MJ / m ² a can therefore not be met by about 5 to 6 times with a conventional air-inflated hall. (Calculations: engineering firm R. Mäder, CH-Schaffhausen, on behalf of EnFK.) The operating experience of the bath in Schaffhausen confirms these high consumption values, as the analysis of the consumption data from 2004 to 2006 by the engineering firm Mäder showed.

For sports halls with less demanding room temperature requirements, a comparison of the annual costs was made for a typical hall of 35 m X 35 m. This shows that the additional costs for a 2x2-layer membrane, even at the lower internal temperatures, can usually be amortized with the lower heating costs alone, as shown in the table below for a tennis hall of 35 mx 35 m with 2 fields:

Foil size 2-layer foil 3-layer foil 2x2-layer foil

40mx40m U = 2.8W / m ² KU = 1.70 W / m ² KU = 1.10W / m ² K

Heat requirement for film sleeve 570 MJ / m ² a 330 MJ / m ² a 200 MJ / m ² a

Pure heat output requirement 110 kW 70 kW 50 kW with outside -8 ° C and inside +16 ° C (without ventilation)

In summary, it can be said that sports facilities currently covered with air-filled halls cannot meet the requirements for thermal insulation of the building envelope. In particular, the roofing of an open-air pool with an air-inflated hall leads to very high energy consumption, which is more than four to five times higher than for a "normal" indoor pool. Another significant disadvantage of conventional air domes is the fact that conventional air domes prevent optical communication with the outside world. You are in a windowless dome with dull acoustics. This is often perceived as a serious disadvantage of an air-inflated hall used for example as a tennis hall or swimming pool and is only reluctantly accepted by the public.

The object of the present invention is in view of these shortcomings described above, to create an air hall, which is at least partially flooded with daylight to create a more pleasant atmosphere and an atmospheric and visible connection with the outside world inside the air hall. Another object of the invention is to improve the acoustics within the air-filled hall in such an air-filled hall with a window and thereby creating a more pleasant atmosphere. Yet another task is to create such an air-inflated hall with a window, which can be erected more quickly and with far less personnel expenditure than before, and if necessary

CH 711 873 B1 is just as quick and easy to dismantle and easy to transport and store. Finally, it is an object of the invention to provide such an air-inflated hall with a window with a substantially better thermal insulation and thus to meet the applicable requirements for the thermal insulation of a building envelope.

This object is achieved by an air dome with a membrane or a plurality of membranes made of plastic film material as a roof, which is characterized in that it has a frame structure made of frame profiles on at least one longitudinal or transverse side, which frame structure on its outside is connected to the respective adjacent membrane and the inside of which encloses a window front by installing at least one transparent or translucent film or a transparent or translucent solid or flexible plate in the frame construction, for flooding the air-filled hall with daylight.

In the drawings, embodiments for such an air-inflated hall with a window are shown and they are described below with the aid of these drawings, their structure is explained and their effect is explained. It shows:

Fig. 1: an internally insulated strip foundation made of concrete with a cast-in connecting profile as an anchor rail; Fig. 2: reaching a strip of the membrane to be built from one side of the hall to the other, thus forming a membrane strip; Fig. 3: a section along the line A-A in Figure 2, to show how two membrane strips along their length are connected together with a profile on the outside. Fig. 4: a section along the line A-A in Figure 2, to show how two membrane strips along their length are connected together with a profile on the inside. Fig. 5: the end portion of a membrane strip reaching to the bottom is shown in a longitudinal section; Fig. 6: the overlap of two membrane strips along their longitudinal edges; Fig. 7: the construction of a hall by means of strung membrane strips with their longitudinal edges connected to each other by means of a piping and associated connection profile, shown schematically; Fig. 8: a connecting profile for two piping extending along the longitudinal edge of a film web in the form of a membrane strip; Fig. 9: the welding of a piping into the edge area of a membrane strip; Fig. 10: connecting a piping, which is enclosed by a film section, by welding these sections to the edge of the membrane strip; Fig. 11: the connection of two membrane strips, each with a piping along its longitudinal edge, by means of a connecting profile according to FIG. 8; Fig. 12: the connection of two membrane strips along their longitudinal edges, fastened by means of a connecting profile and a single piping, only on one of the two edges of the membrane strip; Fig. 13: an air dome in cross-section, with film webs running transversely to the direction of view and the connecting profiles for the piping, for connecting two adjacent film webs; Fig. 14: two 2-layer membrane strips to be connected when inserting a heat reflection mat; Fig. 15: the insertion of a heat reflection mat into a 2-layer membrane strip is shown enlarged, and the adjacent 2-layer membrane strip with a connecting profile to be pushed over the piping; Fig. 16: one front of an air-inflated hall, designed as a tennis hall, that is, running along the tennis fields, as an air-supported tennis hall for two tennis courts in an elevation; Fig. 17: the front wall construction with the membrane strip used as a film sheet before the subsequent inflating of the air-inflated hall; Fig. 18: a longitudinal view of the front or rear wall construction of the air hall after inflation; Fig. 19: 14 to 16 seen in a floor plan, with the field lines of the two tennis courts on their floor; Fig. 20: an air-inflated hall for three tennis courts in a front view;

CH 711 873 B1

Fig. 21: the floor plan of the air-inflated hall according to Fig. 18, with three tennis fields drawn on its floor;

22: the one front or back of an air-inflated hall, that is to say running along the head side of the tennis courts, according to the same construction principle, in an elevation;

23: an air-inflated hall for three tennis courts shown in a bird's eye view;

24: the floor plan of a further embodiment of a tennis air-inflated hall, for two tennis courts;

25: the long side of this air-inflated hall according to FIG. 16, that is to say running along the head sides of the tennis courts, with a window front 3.5 meters high from the floor, shown in an elevation, with drawn-in tennis nets inside;

26: this air-inflated hall according to FIGS. 16 and 17 in a view of one of its front sides with window fronts which run along the long sides of the tennis courts;

27: a perspective view of this air-inflated hall with windows, seen over the two tennis courts inside;

Fig. 28: a perspective view from the inside of this air-inflated hall, seen outwards over a tennis court, towards a corner.

The basic essence of the invention can be seen from FIGS. 16 to 28. FIG. 16 shows an air-inflated hall for two tennis courts in a view to the side that extends along the long sides of the tennis courts. As a special feature, it is provided with a window front. This consists of a frame of window frame profiles 15 to 18 and this is assembled on site, whereby the bottom row of windows is equipped, for example, with transparent plastic foils, so-called ETFE foils, which are all-round equipped with welt seams and just have to be inserted into the window frame profiles 15 to 18. As a variant, other transparent or translucent foils or such solid or flexible plates can also be installed instead of ETFE foils, which are preferably equipped with piping for mounting at their edges. Transparent or translucent foils are suitable for movable or flexible window fronts, i.e. ETFE foils, plastic foils or membrane foils that can bulge outwards. Instead of film material, however, transparent or translucent solid or flexible sheets can also be installed, such as glass sheets, acrylic sheets, acrylic multi-wall sheets, polycarbonate sheets, polycarbonate multi-wall sheets or sheets or multi-wall sheets made of polyester or acrylic glass. Finally, the window fronts can be provided with claddings made of wood materials, such as those in the form of slatted blinds or in the form of pivoting or sliding shutters, so that the window fronts can be covered on the outside if necessary. The height of the bottom row of windows is around 5.2 meters, and the width of these windows is 5 meters. So they are almost square in shape. If additional intermediate struts are used, it can also be fitted with shatterproof window glass. As shown in FIG. 17, the two profile struts 18 are initially made steep at the outer ends and left loose. The outermost membrane strip 8 of the assembled membrane is in turn attached to them from the bottom upwards via a piping connection, as will be described in more detail. From the upper end of these outermost profile struts 18, the membrane strip 8 still runs loosely and lies on the ground in the middle, and at the other end it is again connected in the same way to the loose outermost profile 18 there, as shown here. These membrane strips 8 extend in an air-supported hall for two tennis courts over approximately 42 meters.

From the situation as shown in Fig. 17 is otherwise in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing on the ground on both sides tightly and tractionally anchored in a conventional manner, which is also attached to the rear end as here on such a window front by activating the Blower and blowing air inflated inside the membrane. It begins to puff and rise. The outermost struts 18 gradually take up the positions as shown in FIG. 18, and afterwards they are firmly connected to the upper corners of the profile wall already standing and also anchored to the bottom at the bottom. The upper struts 19 are then installed, as shown in FIG. 16, and as soon as the outer edges of the outermost membrane strips 8 reach this height, these edges are fastened along the upper edges 19 of the profile front, by inserting piping connection profiles how this is described and described in detail. As a result, the membrane is gradually sealed better and better until it is completely and completely sealed with its edges on the floor or on the profile fronts 19.

Fig. 19 shows this air tennis hall with a window in a floor plan, with the two spanned tennis fields with their field markings 20 and 21 nets. The hall therefore has a square floor plan with a side length of 36 meters. The window fronts extend along the long sides of the tennis courts, so that they are hit far less with balls than, for example, the short sides to the tennis courts.

20 shows a tennis hall for three tennis courts. Again, the 36 meter long window front extends along the long sides of the tennis courts, as can be seen from the floor plan in FIG. 21, and those sides of the

CH 711 873 B1

The air-inflated hall, where the membrane reaches to the floor, then measures 53.9 meters. FIG. 22 shows the profile wall of this tennis hall with the windows formed 5 meters wide and 9 meters high, and in FIG. 23 this tennis hall is shown in a bird's eye view. Unlike conventional air-inflated halls, this hall has a barrel-shaped roof, no longer a dome with a zenith, which extends all the way to the floor.

24 shows a further embodiment, here based on the floor plan. It is designed for two tennis courts and measures 36 mx 36 m. In FIG. 25, it is shown in a view from the side that runs along the head sides of the tennis courts, the nets 21 of the tennis courts being drawn inside. To the left and right, this air-inflated hall has vertical 3.5 m high end surfaces with windows, from the upper edge of which the membrane is laterally attached to the profiles 16 with its piping. From profile 16, the membrane then rises at an oblique angle up to the 9 m high ridge. 26 shows this air-inflated hall seen with a view of a window front. The individual windows are 5 m long and 3.5 m high, and the outermost ones are almost equilateral triangles, and the entire window front measures 36 m in length.

27 shows this tennis hall in a perspective view and gives a better idea of the advantages that such a window front offers for the ambience. A tennis air-inflated hall with a double-sided window front is flooded with daylight and offers an incomparable playing atmosphere compared to a conventional tennis air-inflated hall. From the outside, the air dome looks lighter and more stylish, less voluminous and more dynamic. 28 finally shows a view outside over a tennis court.

In the following, special additional design features for the construction of such an air hall with a window front are presented. In conventional air-inflated halls, the membrane to be carried by air pressure is welded together in an airtight and tight manner from several parts or sections overlapping at the edge to form a 2-3-part membrane. The 2-3 membrane parts are screwed together using clamping plates. The screwed membrane is then connected with its edge all around to foundations or to ground anchors. This membrane of a conventional air-inflated hall forms a continuous, smooth surface on the inside and outside, and it is not possible to attach anything to it on the inside, except by means of an adhesive. This also makes it impossible to apply conventional thermal insulation.

The air domes according to the invention with window fronts in all versions have a very special equipment for retaining their heat in the interior of the air domes. Your membrane is provided with a heat reflection material for thermal building insulation. For this purpose, this heat reflection material is inserted in the form of mats, which are cut from a roll, on the inside of the membrane into flat pockets arranged in a matrix, which are welded onto the membrane. The pockets are closed after the heat reflection mats have been pushed in, for example by means of a Velcro fastener or by means of a zipper. As a result, the entire membrane is covered practically across the board by these invisible heat reflection mats.

Advantageously, the membranes are also constructed in a novel way, compared to those of conventional air-filled halls, namely from several strips, that is, from membrane strips, which are connected along their long sides by means of piping and piping connection profiles to form an entire membrane. First, the construction of a membrane from such membrane strips is quicker, requires far fewer personnel and still offers the advantage that the membrane can be easily dismantled, so that the air-filled hall can also be dismantled, moved and rebuilt elsewhere much more easily . The individual membrane strips are equipped with special pockets for insertion, as shown and explained below.

To create such an air-inflated hall with a window, only a strip foundation 23 made of concrete is built around the hall, into which a piping connection profile 1 as anchor rail 22 is either cast or screwed, as shown in FIG. 1. The membrane strips 8 reaching down to the floor are inserted with their end-side piping 5 into these connecting profiles 1 or anchor rails 22, so that a traction-locking and airtight connection is produced. The individual membrane strips 8 are connected to one another along their longitudinal edges, which are also equipped with piping, by means of several connecting profiles, so that a complete membrane is formed which consists of a number of such membrane strips 8 lying next to one another. Using one or more fans, a slight overpressure is created in relation to the atmosphere. Due to this overpressure, the membrane rises towards the top and is inflated and held stable in this position by the slight overpressure.

In Fig. 2, a single membrane strip 8 is shown in a position as if it were installed in a hall membrane. It therefore extends from the floor over the zenith of the hall to the floor on the other side. Thus, for example, it measures 42 meters in length if it is to span a tennis court lengthways. Depending on the version, its width measures approx. 3 to 5 meters. It is made of two layers and thus forms a pocket. A heat reflection mat is placed in this pocket, as will be described later. Such mats are roll material that is available in widths of 2.5 meters, for example, with a thickness of approx. 25 mm. A strip of 2.5 mx 42 m in length can be inserted into the pocket of a membrane strip 8, or two such heat reflection mats, which overlap slightly along their longitudinal edge, can be pushed into the pocket over the entire length of the membrane strip 8. For this purpose, the double-layer membrane strip 8 is welded on three sides, and one long side is initially left open, so that a pocket is formed. That allows

CH 711 873 B1 the insertion of a strip of a heat reflection mat over the entire length of the membrane strip 8. The opening of the pocket in the membrane strip 8 is then welded so that the membrane strip 8 is tightly sealed all around, and then a plurality of membrane strips 8 are connected to one another by means of connecting profiles with the piping present along their edges.

3 shows a cross section at the location AA of the membrane strip 8 in FIG. 2, from which it can be seen that an overlap of the two strips 8 is produced along their longitudinal edge, so that there is always a heat reflection mat between the interior and the outside extends continuously over the assembled membrane strips 8. 3 shows that a piping 5 with a film section 6 is welded onto the membrane strip 8 on the left here. The membrane strip 8 on the right lies with its longitudinal edge over the longitudinal edge of the left membrane strip 8. Its edge ends in a section 7, which is guided over and around the piping 5. A connecting profile 1 is then pushed over the piping 5, and thus a traction-locked connection is produced between these two membrane strips 8. Inside the two membrane strips 8 one can see the heat reflection mats 13. These overlap slightly, even though they are in different pockets. But this creates a continuous heat reflection layer, over the connection of the two membrane strips 8, and it is thus avoided that a cold bridge or thermal bridge is created. The composite membrane strips 8 directly form the outer membrane from a material as is conventional for the requirements of an outer membrane, and this outer membrane then weighs around 1 kg / m ² , and the inner membrane could in principle be made thinner. But because it lies on the floor during the construction of the hall, it must be at least tear-resistant enough so that it is not damaged, and therefore be designed with a weight of approx. 500 to 600 g / m ² . It is impregnated to prevent the formation of fungi and mold, and both membranes are also impregnated for dirt repellency, as has already been practiced.

In Fig. 4, the same is shown in principle, only that here the piping is directed downwards, ie against the interior of the hall, and the connecting profiles are attached to the underside of the inner membrane. These profiles can be specially designed, with a groove on their lower side, in which, for example, lighting fixtures, nets, partition walls, curtains etc. can be hung. The inner membrane is advantageously perforated, which achieves efficient sound insulation. The sound, as it is generated in tennis halls from the hits on the balls, or the sound in swimming pools, where it is regularly loud, is effectively broken on the perforated inner membrane and a much more pleasant sound climate is achieved.

Fig. 5 shows the section along the line B-B in Fig. 2. The double-layer membrane strip 8 is brought together at the lower section directed towards the floor and thus ends in a flat tab 24. This is later folded over on the inside of the hall and lies on the inside on the floor. A piping 5 can be seen welded onto the outside of the outer membrane. This serves to connect the membrane strip 8 to the floor. It is inserted into a profile 1, which forms an anchor rail 22 on a strip foundation, as shown in FIG. 1. 6 shows a perspective view of an overlap. The membrane strip 8 on the left in the image is overlapped by the membrane strip 8 on the right side of the image. This right membrane strip 8 runs out into a single-layer film which is guided over the piping 5 and encompasses this and extends a little further beyond the piping 5. Prepared in this way, a connecting profile can be pushed in the longitudinal direction over the piping 5.

Fig. 7 shows a schematic representation of a number of membrane strips 8, which are arranged one next to the other. In the case of a tennis hall, for example, they advantageously extend along the tennis fields and therefore span them across the direction of the tennis nets on the playing fields.

In the following, the construction of a membrane from detachably mergable membrane strips 8 as film webs is explained in an alternative embodiment. For this purpose, a possible piping connection profile 1 is first shown in FIG. 8. This is formed by an extruded aluminum profile that forms a groove 4 as a keder socket 2 on each of its two longitudinal sides. In the example shown, each such piping socket 2 is formed by a tube which has a longitudinal slot 4, so that the tube circumference only extends by approximately 270 °. The two openings or longitudinal slots 4 in these two keder frames 2 face away from each other, and the two tubes are integrally connected to one another by a connecting web 3. For the connection of two membrane strips, such connection profiles 1, each about 30 cm to 50 cm in length, are used.

The connectable with such connection profiles 1 membrane strips 8 are equipped along their longitudinal edges with piping 5. For this purpose, these piping 5 are, for example, as shown in FIG. 9, designed as one-piece plastic round profiles with a radially projecting extension 6. A two-layer film 8 is cut along its edge into two tabs 7, which enclose the extension 6 from both sides and are welded firmly to it. A tensile connection of the piping 5 with the membrane strip 8 is thus created. The edge of a membrane strip can also be welded onto only one side of the extension 6, the force then not being applied quite symmetrically.

Alternatively, a rubber round profile 11 can be used as the piping 5, which is encompassed by a film 10, the film 10 then ending in two edge sections 9, as shown in FIG. 10. These two edge sections 9 can accommodate a membrane strip 8 along its longitudinal edge on both sides between them and they become with the membrane strip

CH 711 873 B1 firmly welded on both sides to the edge area of the membrane strip 8. In this way, too, a traction-locking connection is produced across the piping 5.

11 shows a possibility of connecting two adjacent membrane strips 8, the longitudinal edges of which are each equipped with a piping 5. The connecting profiles 1 are pushed in the longitudinal direction to the membrane strips 8 over their piping 5, one by one. The slots formed between the individual successive connection profiles 1 allow a membrane thus created to be curved even by a relatively small radius. The slots between the successive connecting profiles 1 can be closed by means of an elastic sealing compound. Ideally, the longest possible connection profile sections are used. With a large length of several meters, depending on the wall thickness of the profiles, they are flexible by a radius that allows a membrane in a dome shape to be created from one side to the other with only a few profile sections. Such a membrane strip 8 of a tennis hall, which spans the playing fields in the longitudinal direction, is approximately 42 m long. A few easily transportable connecting profile sections are sufficient, for example 3 x 14 m long sections or 4 x 10.5 m or 6 X 7 m long sections.

An alternative possibility for connecting two adjacent membrane strips 8 is shown in FIG. Here only the membrane strip 8 on the left in the picture is equipped with a piping 5. The membrane strip 8 on the right is looped with its longitudinal region around the piping 5 of the other membrane strip 8 and then a connecting profile 1 is pushed over the piping which is erected by 90 °, as shown. This encompasses the piping 5 by more than approx. 270 ° and this results in a traction connection transverse to the piping 5. The individual connecting profiles 1 measure, for example, approx. 30 to 50 cm and can therefore be pushed open by a single mechanic. Optionally, longer profile sections can be used, up to the maximum transportable length.

13 shows a tennis hall in cross-section. The film webs 8 run transversely to the viewing direction and extend from the floor upwards, over the zenith of the ridge to the other side and there again to the floor. The connecting profiles 1 are pushed in the longitudinal direction to the membrane strips over their piping 5, one by one. The slots formed between the individual successive connection profiles 1 allow the membrane to be curved even by a relatively small radius. These slots can be closed with an elastic sealing compound.

14 shows two membrane strips 8, which are connected with connecting profiles 1. The membrane strips 8 are made of conventional textile-reinforced plastic films, ideally with a width of 3 to 5 meters. They can be transported to the building site in rolls, for example in lengths of 42 m, to form a whole dome length in one piece. If they are transported in shorter sections, they can be welded together on the construction site in a conventional manner by lightly overlapping by a few centimeters and tightly to achieve the required length. These membrane strips 8 are now equipped with pockets 12 as a special feature. These pockets 12 extend across the width of the membrane strips 8 between the piping 5, are thus approximately 3 m to 5 m wide and are slightly deeper than 1.5 m to 2.5 m, so that after inserting a 1.5 m or 2.5 m wide mat a non-binding edge is formed, which can be equipped with Velcro fasteners on the inside of the open side of the bag. At the bottom and on the sides, the pockets are firmly welded to the membrane strip 8 or riveted or glued to the same. Heat reflection mats 13 of the same dimension are inserted into these pockets, ie mats 1.5 m to 2.5 m wide and 3 m to 5 m long. Of course, the pockets 12 and the heat reflection mats 13 to be inserted into them can also be made smaller.

These heat reflection mats are known for example as Lu.po.ThermB2 + 8 and available from LSP GmbH, Gewerbering 1, A-5144 Handenberg. They are supplied, among other things, in rolls with a width of 1.5 m or 2.5 m and can be cut into sections 13 from these rolls, in the present case to the respective width of the membrane strips 8, while the depth of the pockets 12 is designed for the width of the rolls . These multi-layer heat reflection mats are available in versions up to 12 cm thick. While thermal insulation materials such as mineral wool, polystyrene, polyurethane, cellulose, wood wool, hemp or others are only able to insulate with a λ> 0.026 W / mK, such materials ignore the fact that the radiant heat is a much larger proportion of the temperature heat loss, more than 90% because: T ⁴ = W / m ² . The higher the temperature, the more dramatic is the proportion of heat radiation that ultimately leads to heat loss. The heat protection is achieved in a cascade-like manner if the heat reflection mat is designed in multiple layers with a large number of cumulative interactions. In this way, these heat reflection materials achieve almost 100% reflection of the incoming radiant heat. Most of this is reflected back into the interior of the air-inflated hall. Conversely, the heat radiation from the sun is reflected in summer and the interior of the air-filled hall remains pleasantly cool, which is particularly welcome for playing tennis. The technical specifications of these heat reflection mats are as follows:

technical features power Harmonized technical specifications Thermal insulation performance U = 0.10 W / m ² K WLZ (Lambda) = 0.003 W / mk R = 10 m ² K / W Emissivities from 2.2.6 ETA-12/0080, valid until 07/25/2017

CH 711 873 B1

technical features power Harmonized technical specifications Vapor barrier = 1st layer S _d = 1500 m EN 12086+ EN 13984 Diffusion fabrics from the 2nd layer S _d = 10 m DIN 52615 Fire behavior Class E EN-13501-1 + A1 Infrared reflections 84%, 95%, 95%, 95% + 82% CUAP 12.01 / 12, Appendix B + C Electro smog shielding HF 40dB = 99.99% Near field probe calibrated

This heat reflection mats 13 are preferably installed in a tennis hall in a 3 cm thick version. They are welded all around, just for fixation, so not tight and tight. A grid perforation with T-end threads results in the diffusion-open outside. The dew point degassing is already installed. For example, Lu.Po-Therm-B2 + 8 thermal insulation or any other mat with similar technical and mechanical properties in the area of heat reflection is suitable as a product. Lu.Po-Therm-B2 + 8 mats are well suited because they are thin, simply flexible and flexible. Because these heat reflection mats are highly flexible, their installation is no problem even with corners and contours. They are not hygroscopic, and therefore they offer a constant reflection effect. Such an air-inflated hall is preferably constructed with a double-shell membrane with the insertion of a heat reflection material for thermal building insulation in pockets 12 in the inside of the inner membrane strip. A multi-layer hybrid insulation mat with integrated energy-efficient IR-reflecting aluminum foils is advantageously used as the heat reflection mat. Two to eight layers of absorption-reducing air cushion foils result in the convective distances due to the air enclosed in the knobs and thus an optimal convective effect. This reduces the transmission heat losses. The heat reflection mats 13 contain up to five layers of metallized foils for highly effective infrared reflection, with low self-emission. In addition, there is a highly effective shield against high-frequency rays, waves and fields.

The fact that the heat reflection mats to be inserted are very light - with a specific weight of just 0.430 kg / m ² - is also attractive from a construction point of view. In the case of an air-inflated hall for three tennis courts with a membrane area of 2324 m ^2, this results in an additional load of a total of 999.32 kg, i.e. approx. One ton. Compared to the snow loads to be borne and the dead weight of the membrane made of membrane strips, this is almost negligible.

15 shows two membrane strips 8, each with a single pocket 12. In this, a heat reflection mat 13 is inserted on the open side, so that it fills the pocket 12 over the entire surface. The opening of the pockets 12 can be equipped with Velcro fasteners 14 so that the pockets 12 can be closed after the heat reflection mats 13 have been inserted. Instead of Velcro fasteners 14, zippers can also be used. On a single membrane strip, the pockets 12 are arranged in a row adjacent to one another or in a matrix in several rows of pockets. Each is equipped with a heat reflection mat 13.

The air halls equipped with such special heat reflection mats 13, which then cover practically the entire membrane surface inside or outside in pockets 12, provide a much better overall U-value than before, namely below 1.0 W / m ² K. In addition to the heat reflection mats 13, special acoustic membranes can also be used as the inner membrane, which are also inserted into the pockets 12. The hall acoustics can thus be adapted to different floors and adjusted so that they are perceived as pleasant. In this case, the inner membrane perforated in the hall breaks the noise. In tennis halls, the impact noises are largely absorbed. The result is much more pleasant acoustics than previously in the indoor tennis area.

The individual membrane strips 8 can as described above by means of the connecting profiles 1 and their piping 5 along its longitudinal edges connected until the entire membrane is assembled in this way on the site and lies on the floor. The connection profiles of the type shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 can be arranged either on the inside or on the outside of the membrane. The outer edges of the membrane created are then sealed to the floor or to the window frame. In any case, if the membrane strips 8 are sealingly connected in this way with connecting profiles 1 for the piping 5, there is no need for clamping plate screw connections, which are comparatively much more complex to assemble.

In summary, such an air-inflated hall with a window offers a whole series of striking technical advantages over conventional constructions, namely the following:

1. One-sided or double-sided continuous window front lets the air-filled hall flood with daylight, which significantly improves the ambience.

2. Enormously much better thermal insulation of the air-inflated hall by convexing the radiant heat on the heat reflection mats.

3. Greatly improved noise insulation increases well-being inside.

CH 711 873 B1

4. The ease of use with piping 5 that can be inserted into the connecting profiles 1 makes the assembly of the air-inflated hall much easier. Far fewer personnel are required for this, both for setting up and dismantling. Instead of 20 fitters, 4 fitters can do the work. The assembly time is significantly reduced by the simple handling. This can save costs.

5. The membrane strips 8 of the air-inflated hall can be easily dismantled in the spring and rolled up on rolls and are therefore very easy to store compared to a conventional air-inflated hall with a one-piece membrane.

6. The assembly does not require any special tools. The connection profiles can be pushed over the piping by hand. Clamping plates to be screwed together are not necessary.

7. The strip foundations 23 (FIG. 1) can be manufactured in the factory as ready-mixed concrete elements and transported with inserted anchor rails and prepared insulation connections completely finished to the construction site and laid there.

8. The strip foundations are equipped with connecting profiles 1 as anchor profile rails 22, so that for the bottom fastening of the film webs 8, only their end piping 5 has to be inserted into the connecting profiles 1.

9. Concrete work is no longer necessary on site.

Numerical index [0041]

Connection profile for piping

Pipes to form grooves

Connecting bridge

Longitudinal slot in the connection profile 1

Piping

Keder processes

Rag on the edge of the film

Membrane strips

Edge sections of the film 10 around the rubber profile 11

Film next to the rubber profile 11

Round rubber profile

Bag on membrane strips 8

Heat reflection mat

Velcro to close the bag 12

Frame profile at the window below

Frame profile at the window above

Frame profile vertically at the window

Skewed frame profile at the outer end

Top struts along the membrane

Field lines tennis court

Tennis net

Anchor profile rail

CH 711 873 B1

Concrete foundation strips

End flap membrane strips

Claims (10)

Claims 1. Air-inflated hall with a membrane or a plurality of membranes made of plastic film material arranged as a roof, characterized in that it has a frame construction made of frame profiles (15-19) on at least one longitudinal or transverse side, which frame construction on its outside with the adjacent one Membrane is connected and the inside of which encloses a window front, in that at least one transparent or translucent film or a transparent or translucent solid or flexible plate is installed in the frame construction, for flooding the air-filled hall with daylight. 2. Air-inflated hall according to claim 1, characterized in that the transparent or translucent solid or flexible plate is a glass plate, an acrylic plate, an acrylic multi-wall sheet, a polycarbonate plate, a polycarbonate multi-wall sheet or a plate or multi-wall sheet made of polyester. 3. Air-inflated hall according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the window front can be covered from the outside by means of cladding made of wood materials in the form of slatted blinds or in the form of pivoting or sliding shutters. Air-filled structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the window front extends over the entire length or width of the air-filled structure, and the frame construction includes a frame profile (15) which extends along a strip foundation (23), at least one extending above it horizontal frame profile (16) with a groove on its upper side, for inserting a welt (5) of a membrane that adjoins at the top, and a groove on the underside of this frame profile (16), for inserting a welt (5) on the transparent or translucent that adjoins at the bottom Foil or such a solid or flexible plate, as well as vertical frame profiles (17) as struts, with grooves on both sides for inserting piping (5) on the side edges of the transparent or translucent film or for inserting the same solid or flexible plate, and that on on both ends of the window front thus constructed support brackets (18) arranged at an angle are installed, with grooves on both sides for inserting piping (5) of the window film which adjoins the inside or of such a solid or flexible plate and the membrane adjoining the outside. 5. air-inflated hall according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that to form a membrane a plurality of membrane strips (8) along their longitudinal edges via at least one piping with a piping connection profile (1) with piping socket profile are non-positively connected, and these membrane strips (8) are fully equipped on their underside with lined-up flat, welded, glued, sewn or riveted pockets (12), each of which is open on one side, and in these pockets (12) multilayered heat reflection mat (13) in the form of hybrid insulation mats with infrared radiation reflecting metallized foils or aluminum foils are inserted, these open sides of the pockets (12) being closable by means of a Velcro fastener (14) or a zipper. 6. air-inflated hall according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the membrane forms a roof as a dome or a barrel-shaped roof, and that the membrane consists of a plurality of membrane strips (8) arranged next to one another, these membrane strips (8) with One outer and one inner membrane are constructed, between which one or more heat reflection mats (13) are filled in and these membrane strips (8) are welded all around, and are equipped with a piping on at least one long side, so that several membrane strips (8) run along them Longitudinally connected by tensile force, in that the edge region of one membrane strip (8) has a piping (5) and the edge region of the adjoining membrane strip (8) encloses this piping (5) in an overlapping manner and a piping profile (1) overlaps it Edge area and an underlying piping (5) is pushed so that the heat reflections inserted in them overlap the mats (13) to a certain extent and the roof is continuously surrounded by a heat reflection mat (13), and the membrane strips (8) on the inside, which are directed against the inside of the air-filled hall, are perforated, for effecting a sound refraction and thus to improve the acoustic acoustics inside the hall. 7. air-inflated hall according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the membrane forms a roof as a dome or a barrel-shaped roof, and the membrane consists of several juxtaposed membrane strips (8), the membrane strips (8) each an outer and inner membrane are constructed, between which one or more heat reflection mats (13) are inserted and these membrane strips (8) are welded all around, and that the long sides of the membrane strips are each equipped with a piping, and the membrane -Strips (8) along their long side are connected with a connection profile (1) which has keder holders (2) on two opposite sides. 8. air-inflated hall according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the membrane consists of membrane strips (8), and the membrane strips (8) in their end regions (24), 50 cm to 100 cm from their end , have a piping (5) running transversely to the membrane strip (8), by means of which they are attached to an anchor rail CH 711 873 B1 (22) with piping connection profile with piping socket profile, and the tab (24) formed between the piping (5) and the end of the membrane strip (8) is folded inwards into the hall on the floor. 9. air duct according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the piping connection profiles (1) with piping socket profile are pushed onto the inside of the air duct and on the side opposite the piping socket profile or in the two side walls of the piping connection profile ( 1) Have grooves in which objects such as lighting fixtures, nets, curtains, partitions can be hung. 10. air-inflated hall according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that in the heat reflection mats (13) several layers of absorption-reducing air cushion foils are installed for the purpose of reducing the transmission heat losses.