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CH672368A5 - Solar thermal power plant with expansive heat engine - utilises pressure increase of working fluid in thermal storage heater transmitting energy between two closed circuits - Google Patents

Solar thermal power plant with expansive heat engine - utilises pressure increase of working fluid in thermal storage heater transmitting energy between two closed circuits Download PDF

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Publication number
CH672368A5
CH672368A5 CH3208/87A CH320887A CH672368A5 CH 672368 A5 CH672368 A5 CH 672368A5 CH 3208/87 A CH3208/87 A CH 3208/87A CH 320887 A CH320887 A CH 320887A CH 672368 A5 CH672368 A5 CH 672368A5
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CH
Switzerland
Prior art keywords
heat
power plant
thermal power
plant according
heat engine
Prior art date
Application number
CH3208/87A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Rudolf Staempfli
Original Assignee
Rudolf Staempfli
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rudolf Staempfli filed Critical Rudolf Staempfli
Priority to CH3208/87A priority Critical patent/CH672368A5/en
Publication of CH672368A5 publication Critical patent/CH672368A5/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3222—Cooling devices using compression characterised by the compressor driving arrangements, e.g. clutches, transmissions or multiple drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00492—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices comprising regenerative heating or cooling means, e.g. heat accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/053—Component parts or details
    • F02G1/055—Heaters or coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F03G6/061—Parabolic linear or trough concentrators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F03G6/065—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a Rankine cycle
    • F03G6/067—Binary cycle plants where the fluid from the solar collector heats the working fluid via a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F03G6/068—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having other power cycles, e.g. Stirling or transcritical, supercritical cycles; combined with other power sources, e.g. wind, gas or nuclear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/071—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with energy storage devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0056—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using solid heat storage material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P11/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
    • F01P11/14—Indicating devices; Other safety devices
    • F01P2011/205—Indicating devices; Other safety devices using heat-accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2254/00—Heat inputs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2254/00—Heat inputs
    • F02G2254/30—Heat inputs using solar radiation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2254/00—Heat inputs
    • F02G2254/40—Heat inputs using heat accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2254/00—Heat inputs
    • F02G2254/45—Heat inputs by electric heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2255/00—Heater tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2258/00—Materials used
    • F02G2258/10—Materials used ceramic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/88—Optimized components or subsystems, e.g. lighting, actively controlled glasses

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

A solar collector (1) with parabolic mirrors (2) feeds the prim coil (7) of a heat sotre (6) mfd of concrete, Al or ceramic in an insulating jacket with an electric heater winding (9) or natural gas or butane burner. The sec coil (8) is coupled in another closed circuit to a heat exchanger (12) from which a working fluid is circulated through a Stirling engine (15) driving an output shaft (16) for propulsion or similar purposes. The store (6) contains eg oil with a high bpt and the working fluid may be C02, steam or a halogenated gaseous hydrocarbon. USE/ADVANTAGE - Esp for mobile (eg vehicular) or stationary electric current generators. Environment-friendly appts producing no exhaust gas uses energy store chargeable from external sources or mobile solar collectors.

Description

         

  
 



   BESCHREIBUNG



   Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Wärmekraftanlage für den stationären oder nicht stationären Einsatz, insbesondere für Fahrzeuge, Stromgeneratoren oder Boote. Die Wärmekraftanlage umfasst einen Wärmespeicher, ein Mittel zur Ubertragung der gespeicherten Wärmeenergie und eine Expansionsmaschine. Der Wärmespeicher ist so ausgebildet, dass er an einen externen oder mobilen Sonnenkollektor angeschlossen werden kann.



   Die bekannten Solarmobile werden in der Regel durch Elektromotoren angetrieben, welche durch Akkumulatoren gespiesen werden, die durch Sonnenkollektoren aufgeladen werden können. Da zur Zeit noch keine kommerziell interessante Alternative zu den Bleiakkumulatoren besteht, dienen diese trotz ihrem schweren Gewicht als Stromquelle.



   Es besteht demzufolge ein Bedürfnis nach alternativen Energiespeicherungsmöglichkeiten, die im Vergleich zu den Bleiakkumulatoren weniger Wartung benötigen und die direkt durch die von Sonnenkollektoren erzeugte Wärmeenergie gespiesen werden können.



   Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen umweltfreundlichen und abgasfreien Antrieb für stationäre oder nicht stationäre Anlagen aller Art zu schaffen, welcher einen Warmeenergiespeicher aufweist, der durch externe Energiequellen oder durch mobile oder externe Sonnenkollektoren aufgeladen werden kann.



   Es wurde gefunden, dass dieses Problem durch die im Patentanspruch 1 definierte Wärmekraftanlage gelöst werden kann.



   Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist demzufolge die im Patentanspruch 1 definierte Wärmekraftanlage.



   Die Wärmekraftanlage der erfindungsgemässen Anlage ist bekannt und besteht vorzugsweise in einem Stirling-Motor, mit einem geschlossenen Dampf- oder Gaskreislauf. Ein solcher Motor kann mit Wasserdampf, CO2 oder einem Freon angetrieben werden. Der Stirling-Motor wurde schon anfangs des letzten Jahrhunderts erfunden und wurde vom holländischen Philips-Konzern in den frühen 70iger Jahren zur Serienreife weiterentwickelt, so dass heute Stirling Motoren für die verschiedensten Zwecke im Handel sind.



   Alternativ können auch Triebwerke eingesetzt werden, die nach dem Rankine-, Joule-, Ericsson-, Brayton- oder Humphrey-Prozess arbeiten.



   Die Wärmekraftanlage der vorliegenden Erfindung kann mit Wärmespeichern funktionieren, die entweder die Wärme unter kontinuierlichem Senken der Temperatur abgeben oder aber es können - was günstiger ist - solche Speicher verwendet werden, welche während längerer Zeit eine konstante Temperatur aufweisen. Die letzteren sind insbesondere Salzschmelzen oder schmelzbare Feststoffe, die zur Speicherung der Energie bis oberhalb der Schmelztemperatur erwärmt werden und als Energie dann die Schmelzwärme abgeben, wobei beim Erstarrungsvorgang die Temperatur im wesentlichen konstant bleibt. Es können in der erfindungsgemässen Anlage beide Speicherarten verwendet werden, da der Kreislauf des Mittels für die Übertragung der gespeicherten Wärmeenergie durch die im Speicher vorhandene Temperatur und ebenfalls durch den Energiebedarf des Motors gesteuert werden kann.



   In der erfindungsgemässen Wärmekraftanlage wird in der ersten Stufe der Wärmeakkumulator aufgeladen. Dies kann durch einen Sonnenkollektor geschehen, welcher entweder fest montiert ist, z. B. auf einem Gebäude oder aber am angetriebenen Fahrzeug mitgeführt wird. Falls er in Betrieb ist, wird der Sonnenkollektor so gesteuert, dass er bezüglich der Sonne immer den optimalen Winkel einnimmt. Es gibt heutzutage Kollektoren, welche in der Lage sind, eine Wärme übertragungsflüssigkeit bis auf Temperaturen von über 800  zu erwärmen. Ein solcher Kollektor besteht aus Elementen, die aus gekrümmten Spiegel bestehen, die einen parabelförmigen Querschnitt aufweisen und die Leitung mit dem Wär  meübertragungsmittel durch die den Brennpunkten gemeinsame Linie geführt wird.

  Im Fall der vorliegenden Erfindung muss das Wärmeübertragungsmedium so beschaffen sein, dass es möglich ist, den Wärmespeicher auf die erforderliche Temperatur (d. h. die Betriebstemperatur) zu erwärmen. Beispiele für solche Übertragungsmedien sind beispielsweise hochsiedende Öle oder niederschmelzende Feststoffe.



   Der Wärmespeicher, welcher durch das genannte Übertragungsmedium gespiesen wird, kann entweder ein fester Block sein, z. B. aus Aluminium, Keramikmaterial oder Beton oder er kann aus schmelzbaren Feststoffen, wie einer Salzschmelze bestehen, deren Schmelzpunkte unterhalb der optimalen Speichertemperatur liegen. Die Grösse des Speichers hängt vom Material und von der erforderlichen Energie ab. Bevorzugt sind solche Speichermaterialien, bei welchen die Schmelztemperatur eines Materials genutzt werden kann. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die Energieabgabe während einer gewissen Zeit bei einer im wesentlichen konstanten Temperatur erfolgt. Der Wärmespeicher muss mit einem isolierenden Mantel umgeben sein, damit die Wärmeenergie nicht direkt an die Umgebung abgegeben werden kann.

  Ein solcher Mantel kann beispielsweise ein doppelwandiges Gebilde sein, welches zur Isolierung eine Schicht aus Isoliermaterial enthält. Der Mantel könnte ebenfalls aus einem doppelwandigen Metallbehälter bestehen, wobei der Zwischenraum zwischen den Wänden z. T. evakuiert ist oder mit einem isolierenden Gas gefüllt ist.



   Zur Übertragung der Energie vom Wärmespeicher zum Triebwerk ist wiederum ein Medium erforderlich, welches die Wärme vom Speicher zum Arbeitsmedium überträgt.



  Sowohl im Speicher wie auch im Triebwerk müssen entsprechende Wärmeaustauscher vorhanden sein, damit die Energie von einem Medium ins andere übertragen werden kann. Ist die Wärmeenergie auf das Arbeitsmedium, welches beispielsweise aus CO2, Wasserdampf oder halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffen (Freon) besteht, übertragen, wird der Druck bzw. das Volumen erhöht und das Medium kann für den Antrieb der Kraftmaschine verwendet werden. Der Stirling-Motor ist ein Beispiel einer solchen Maschine, welche die Anlage bzw. ein Fahrzeug in konventioneller Weise antreiben kann. Bei entladenem Wärmespeicher kann die Kraftmaschine auch direkt mit einer Gasheizung betrieben werden, wenn die notwendigen Einrichtungen vorhanden sind.



   Durch die beiliegende Zeichnung ist eine spezielle Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung erläutert. Es zeigt:
Fig. 1 ein erfindungsgemässes Antriebsaggregat, das mit einem Sonnenkollektor verbunden ist und beispielsweise in einem Fahrzeug Verwendung finden kann.



   Der Sonnenkollektor 1 mit den Parabolspiegeln 2 und den Leitungen mit dem Wärmeübertragungsmittel 3 ist mit der Zufuhrleitung 4 und der Rückflussleitung 5 mit dem Wärmespeicher 6 verbunden. Die Verbindungsleitungen 4 und 5 können solcherart sein, dass der Sonnenkollektor abgekoppelt werden kann, falls der Sonnenkollektor 1 fest auf einem Gebäude montiert ist. Andererseits kann der Sonnenkollektor 1 vom anzutreibenden Fahrzeug mitgeführt werden.



  Es ist ebenfalls eine Kombination von beiden möglich, damit der Wärmespeicher sowohl von einem externen wie auch von einem fahrzeugeigenen Sonnenkollektor gespiesen werden kann. Das Mittel zur Übertragung der Wärme muss solcher Art sein, dass die erforderliche Temperatur im Wärmespeicher erzielt werden kann. Hierzu kann ein hochsiedendes Öl als Übertragungsmedium verwendet werden. Der Wärmespeicher 6 kann aus Beton, Aluminium oder keramischen Materialien bestehen und ist von einem isolierenden Mantel umgeben. Falls im Wärmeakkumulator eine Schmelzwärme ausgenützt werden soll, kann als Speichermaterial z. B. eine Salzschmelze auf Basis von Alkali- und Erdalkali-Halogeniden verwendet werden. Der Speicher 6 kann ebenfalls durch eine elektrische Heizwendel 9 mittels des Steckers 10 durch eine externe Stromquelle aufgeladen werden.

   Alternativ kann der Speicher auch mittels eines Gasbrenners aufgeladen werden. Das verwendete Gas kann aus einer Flasche (Butan) oder aus einem öffentlichen Netz (Erdgas) stammen. Die gespeicherte Wärmeenergie kann durch die Leitung 11 mittels eines der genannten Wärme übertragungsmittel über den Wärmeaustauscher 12 auf das Betriebsmedium der Expansionsmaschine 15, welches in den Leitungen 13 und 14 zirkuliert, übertragen werden. Die Welle 16 des Stirling-Motors kann zum Antrieb eines Fahrzeugs oder einer anderen Anlage verwendet werden. 



  
 



   DESCRIPTION



   The present invention relates to a thermal power plant for stationary or non-stationary use, in particular for vehicles, power generators or boats. The thermal power plant comprises a heat accumulator, a means for transferring the stored thermal energy and an expansion machine. The heat accumulator is designed so that it can be connected to an external or mobile solar collector.



   The known solar vehicles are usually driven by electric motors, which are powered by batteries that can be charged by solar panels. Since there is currently no commercially interesting alternative to lead accumulators, they serve as a power source despite their heavy weight.



   Accordingly, there is a need for alternative energy storage options that require less maintenance compared to lead accumulators and that can be fed directly by the thermal energy generated by solar collectors.



   It is an object of the present invention to provide an environmentally friendly and emission-free drive for stationary or non-stationary systems of all kinds, which has a heat energy storage device which can be charged by external energy sources or by mobile or external solar collectors.



   It has been found that this problem can be solved by the thermal power plant defined in claim 1.



   The present invention accordingly relates to the thermal power plant defined in claim 1.



   The thermal power plant of the plant according to the invention is known and preferably consists of a Stirling engine with a closed steam or gas circuit. Such an engine can be powered by water vapor, CO2 or a freon. The Stirling engine was invented at the beginning of the last century and was further developed by the Dutch Philips group into series production in the early 1970s, so that Stirling engines are now commercially available for a wide variety of purposes.



   Alternatively, engines can also be used which work according to the Rankine, Joule, Ericsson, Brayton or Humphrey process.



   The thermal power plant of the present invention can function with heat stores that either give off the heat while continuously lowering the temperature or, which is more favorable, can use stores that have a constant temperature for a longer period of time. The latter are in particular salt melts or meltable solids which are heated up to above the melting temperature to store the energy and then give off the heat of melting as energy, the temperature remaining essentially constant during the solidification process. Both types of storage can be used in the system according to the invention, since the circuit of the means for the transfer of the stored thermal energy can be controlled by the temperature in the storage and also by the energy requirement of the motor.



   In the thermal power plant according to the invention, the heat accumulator is charged in the first stage. This can be done by a solar collector, which is either fixed, e.g. B. is carried on a building or on the driven vehicle. If it is in operation, the solar collector is controlled so that it always takes the optimal angle with respect to the sun. Nowadays there are collectors which are able to heat a heat transfer fluid up to temperatures of over 800. Such a collector consists of elements which consist of curved mirrors which have a parabolic cross section and the line with the heat transfer medium is guided through the line common to the focal points.

  In the case of the present invention, the heat transfer medium must be such that it is possible to heat the heat accumulator to the required temperature (i.e. the operating temperature). Examples of such transmission media are, for example, high-boiling oils or low-melting solids.



   The heat accumulator, which is fed by said transmission medium, can either be a solid block, e.g. B. made of aluminum, ceramic material or concrete, or it can consist of meltable solids, such as a molten salt, the melting points of which are below the optimal storage temperature. The size of the storage depends on the material and the energy required. Storage materials in which the melting temperature of a material can be used are preferred. This has the advantage that the energy is released at a substantially constant temperature for a certain time. The heat accumulator must be surrounded by an insulating jacket so that the heat energy cannot be released directly into the environment.

  Such a jacket can be, for example, a double-walled structure which contains a layer of insulating material for insulation. The jacket could also consist of a double-walled metal container, the space between the walls z. T. is evacuated or filled with an insulating gas.



   To transfer the energy from the heat accumulator to the engine, a medium is in turn required which transfers the heat from the accumulator to the working medium.



  Appropriate heat exchangers must be present in both the storage tank and the engine so that the energy can be transferred from one medium to another. If the thermal energy is transferred to the working medium, which consists for example of CO2, water vapor or halogenated hydrocarbons (freon), the pressure or the volume is increased and the medium can be used to drive the engine. The Stirling engine is an example of such a machine, which can drive the system or a vehicle in a conventional manner. If the heat accumulator is discharged, the engine can also be operated directly with gas heating if the necessary facilities are available.



   A special embodiment of the present invention is explained by the accompanying drawing. It shows:
Fig. 1 shows a drive unit according to the invention, which is connected to a solar collector and can be used for example in a vehicle.



   The solar collector 1 with the parabolic mirrors 2 and the lines with the heat transfer medium 3 is connected to the supply line 4 and the return line 5 to the heat accumulator 6. The connecting lines 4 and 5 can be such that the solar collector can be decoupled if the solar collector 1 is fixedly mounted on a building. On the other hand, the solar collector 1 can be carried by the vehicle to be driven.



  A combination of the two is also possible, so that the heat storage device can be supplied by an external as well as by a vehicle-own solar collector. The means for transferring the heat must be such that the required temperature can be achieved in the heat store. A high-boiling oil can be used as a transmission medium. The heat accumulator 6 can consist of concrete, aluminum or ceramic materials and is surrounded by an insulating jacket. If a heat of fusion is to be used in the heat accumulator, z. B. a molten salt based on alkali and alkaline earth metal halides can be used. The memory 6 can also be charged by an electric heating coil 9 by means of the plug 10 by an external power source.

   Alternatively, the storage can also be charged using a gas burner. The gas used can come from a bottle (butane) or from a public network (natural gas). The stored thermal energy can be transmitted through the line 11 by means of one of the heat transfer means mentioned via the heat exchanger 12 to the operating medium of the expansion machine 15, which circulates in the lines 13 and 14. The Stirling engine shaft 16 can be used to drive a vehicle or other system.

Claims (11)

PATENTANSPRÜCHE 1. Wärmekraftanlage, insbesondere für Fahrzeuge oder Stromerzeugungsanlagen, gekennzeichnet durch ein Mittel in einem ersten geschlossenen System für die Übertragung gespeicherter Wärmeenergie an ein Arbeitsmedium einer Wärmekraftmaschine, um den Druck dieses Arbeitsmediums in einem zweiten geschlossenen System auf den Arbeitsdruck zu erhöhen, einen Wärmespeicher, welcher an einen Sonnenkollektor anschliessbar ist, und die anzutreibende Wärmekraftmaschine.  PATENT CLAIMS 1. Thermal power plant, in particular for vehicles or power generation plants, characterized by a means in a first closed system for the transfer of stored thermal energy to a working medium of a heat engine in order to increase the pressure of this working medium to the working pressure in a second closed system, a heat accumulator, which can be connected to a solar collector, and the heat engine to be driven. 2. Wärmekraftanlage gemäss Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wärmespeicher ein Speichermedium in fester und/oder flüssiger Form, wie beispielsweise Aluminium, Keramik, Beton oder ein Salzgemisch auf Basis von Akali- und Erdalkalihalogeniden enthält und wärmeisoliert ist.  2. Thermal power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat storage contains a storage medium in solid and / or liquid form, such as aluminum, ceramic, concrete or a salt mixture based on Akali and alkaline earth metal halides and is thermally insulated. 3. Wärmekraftanlage gemäss Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Arbeitsmedium für die Wärmekraftmaschine gas- oder dampfförmig ist und beispielsweise C02, Wasserdampf oder ein halogenierter Kohlenwasserstoff ist.  3. Thermal power plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the working medium for the heat engine is gaseous or vaporous and is for example C02, water vapor or a halogenated hydrocarbon. 4. Wärmekraftanlage gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wärmekraftmaschine nach dem Rankine-, Stirling-, Joule-, Ericsson-, Brayton- oder Humphrey-Prinzip arbeitet.  4. Thermal power plant according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heat engine works according to the Rankine, Stirling, Joule, Ericsson, Brayton or Humphrey principle. 5. Wärmekraftanlage gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Mittel für die Übertragung der Wärmeenergie ein gasförmiger oder flüssiger Stoff ist, wie zum Beispiel Wasserdampf oder ein hochsiedendes 01.  5. Thermal power plant according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the means for the transfer of thermal energy is a gaseous or liquid substance, such as water vapor or a high-boiling 01 6. Wärmekraftanlage gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Speichermedium im Wärmespeicher eine Salzmischung oder ein schmelzbarer Feststoff, wie eine von LiF-MgF2-Mischung ist, wobei ebenfalls die Schmelzwärme ausgenutzt werden kann.  6. Thermal power plant according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the storage medium in the heat store is a salt mixture or a fusible solid, such as one of LiF-MgF2 mixture, wherein the heat of fusion can also be used. 7. Wärmekraftanlagegemäss Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für die Kondensation des Mittels für die Übertragung der gespeicherten Wärmeenergie ein Kühlsystem vorhanden ist, welches mit einer Heizvorrichtung gekoppelt ist.  7. Thermal power plant according to claim 5, characterized in that a cooling system is present for the condensation of the means for the transfer of the stored thermal energy, which is coupled to a heating device. 8. Wärmekraftanlage gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kraftübertragung von der Wärmekraftmaschine zur Kupplung über eine hydraulische Kolbenmaschine erfolgt und nach der Kupplung ein Schaltgetriebe oder ein automatisches Getriebe angeordnet ist.  8. Thermal power plant according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the power transmission from the heat engine to the clutch takes place via a hydraulic piston machine and a manual transmission or an automatic transmission is arranged after the clutch. 9. Wärmekraftanlage gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wärmespeicher mit einer externen Energiequelle verbunden ist, durch welche von aussen Wärmeenergie in den Speicher übertragen werden kann.  9. Thermal power plant according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the heat store is connected to an external energy source, through which heat energy can be transferred from the outside into the memory. 10. Wärmekraftanlage gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wärmespeicher zusätzlich eine Heizwendel aufweist, welche mittels eines externen Stromanschlusses aufgeheizt werden kann.  10. Thermal power plant according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the heat store additionally has a heating coil, which can be heated by means of an external power connection. 11. Antriebsaggregat für ein Fahrzeug mit einer Wärmekraftanlage gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, gekennzeichnet durch einen am Fahrzeug befestigten Sonnenkollektor, wobei der Sonnenkollektor mit dem Wärmespeicher der Wärmekraftanlage verbunden ist und als Wärmequelle dient, mit welcher der Wärmespeicher durch ein Wärme übertragungsmedium auf die Betriebstemperatur aufgeheizt werden kann.  11. Drive unit for a vehicle with a thermal power plant according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by a solar collector attached to the vehicle, wherein the solar collector is connected to the heat accumulator of the thermal power plant and serves as a heat source with which the heat accumulator through a heat transfer medium to the Operating temperature can be heated.
CH3208/87A 1987-08-20 1987-08-20 Solar thermal power plant with expansive heat engine - utilises pressure increase of working fluid in thermal storage heater transmitting energy between two closed circuits CH672368A5 (en)

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CH3208/87A CH672368A5 (en) 1987-08-20 1987-08-20 Solar thermal power plant with expansive heat engine - utilises pressure increase of working fluid in thermal storage heater transmitting energy between two closed circuits

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US8188359B2 (en) 2006-09-28 2012-05-29 Rosemount Inc. Thermoelectric generator assembly for field process devices
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