CH496080A - Synthetic lubricants for aero gas turbines - Google Patents
Synthetic lubricants for aero gas turbinesInfo
- Publication number
- CH496080A CH496080A CH1043067A CH1043067A CH496080A CH 496080 A CH496080 A CH 496080A CH 1043067 A CH1043067 A CH 1043067A CH 1043067 A CH1043067 A CH 1043067A CH 496080 A CH496080 A CH 496080A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- sep
- carbon atoms
- weight
- composition
- mono
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title abstract description 20
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine Chemical class C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GUEIZVNYDFNHJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinizarin Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C(O)=CC=C2O GUEIZVNYDFNHJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SZSSMFVYZRQGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-propylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCCC(CO)(CO)CO SZSSMFVYZRQGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BPGUKNRILVZFIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2h-benzotriazol-4-ylmethyl)-2h-benzotriazole Chemical compound C=1C=CC=2NN=NC=2C=1CC1=CC=CC2=C1N=NN2 BPGUKNRILVZFIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QVXGKJYMVLJYCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-di(nonyl)-N-phenylaniline Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCC)C=1C(=C(C=CC1)NC1=CC=CC=C1)CCCCCCCCC QVXGKJYMVLJYCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YTZPUTADNGREHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-benzo[e]benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C2=NNN=C21 YTZPUTADNGREHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IPIVUPVIFPKFTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-butyl-2h-benzotriazole Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=CC2=C1N=NN2 IPIVUPVIFPKFTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IQZGIUOEBQVRRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-dodecyl-2h-benzotriazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC2=NNN=C12 IQZGIUOEBQVRRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QRHDSDJIMDCCKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-2h-benzotriazole Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC2=C1N=NN2 QRHDSDJIMDCCKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2h-benzotriazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=NNN=C12 CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GIDFNRQSUJNVCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCCCCC)C=1C(=C(C2=CC=CC=C2C1)NC1=CC=CC=C1)CCCCCCCCC Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCC)C=1C(=C(C2=CC=CC=C2C1)NC1=CC=CC=C1)CCCCCCCCC GIDFNRQSUJNVCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NKZXVLWAJLPDIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N OCC(C)(C)CO.OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O.OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO.OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O.OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O NKZXVLWAJLPDIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZTHYODDOHIVTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propyl gallate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 ZTHYODDOHIVTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 3
- RRWSDYNYJQHNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]guanidine Chemical class NC(=N)NN=CC1=CC=CC=C1O RRWSDYNYJQHNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCLMZMISZCYBBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethylheptanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CC(O)=O MCLMZMISZCYBBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005635 Caprylic acid (CAS 124-07-2) Substances 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- KPSSIOMAKSHJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl alcohol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CO KPSSIOMAKSHJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000473 propyl gallate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940075579 propyl gallate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000010388 propyl gallate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- SMQUZDBALVYZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylaldehyde Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C=O SMQUZDBALVYZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical group [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010723 turbine oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 2
- AHSZBZTYLKTYJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,2-dimethyl-3-nonanoyloxypropyl) nonanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(C)(C)COC(=O)CCCCCCCC AHSZBZTYLKTYJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAPVYZRWKDXNDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N P,P-Dioctyldiphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC(CCCCCCCC)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(CCCCCCCC)C=C1 QAPVYZRWKDXNDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005643 Pelargonic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZDXBVLYTQIQSHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [(2-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)methylideneamino]urea Chemical compound CC(C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C=NNC(N)=O ZDXBVLYTQIQSHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HAMNKKUPIHEESI-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoguanidine Chemical group NNC(N)=N HAMNKKUPIHEESI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- IZXDQSKCOWSUOG-BJMVGYQFSA-N chembl1957554 Chemical compound NC(=O)N\N=C\C1=CC=CC=C1O IZXDQSKCOWSUOG-BJMVGYQFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 fatty acid salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLNMGXQGGUZIJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octyl-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1N(CCCCCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZLNMGXQGGUZIJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(O)=O IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116351 sebacate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L sebacate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IELLVVGAXDLVSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexyl phosphate Chemical compound C1CCCCC1OP(OC1CCCCC1)(=O)OC1CCCCC1 IELLVVGAXDLVSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M3/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single liquid substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/025—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with condensed rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
- C10M2207/123—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms polycarboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/22—Acids obtained from polymerised unsaturated acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/10—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated semi-solid; greasy
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Abstract
Lubricating oil comprising an ester base stock prepared from an aliphatic mono or polyhydric C5-C15 alcohol having no beta-hydrogens to the -OH group, and an aliphatic mono or polycarboxylic C2-C14 acid and contg. (a) 0.5-5% wt. of an alkylated diphenylamine antioxidant, (b) 0.5 to 4.5% wt. of an alkylated phenyl naphthylamine antioxidant, (c) 0.005 to 1.5% wt. copper passivator, (d) 0.5 to 5% wt. (RO)3PO where R = tolyl, phenyl, xylyl, C1-C10 alkyl or cycloalkyl and (e) 0.01 to 5% wt. dispersant polymer. This lubricant has outstanding oxidation stability, corrosion resistance, load-carrying ability and low temp. fluidity and is suitable for use in modern aero gas turbine engines. It is also clean in use.
Description
Schmiermittel auf Basis eines synthetischen Öls
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf Schmiermittel auf Basis eines synthetischen Öls, die sich zur Der wendung unter den schweren Bedingungen, die beim Betrieb moderner Gasturbinen von Flugzeugen vorkommen, eignen. Das Schmiermittel ist auf Basis eines thermisch stabilen Esters aufgebaut und enthält eine Anzahl Zusatzstoffe, die in erster Linie dazu geeignet sind, dem Grundstoff gute oxydationsbeständige, korrosionsbeständige und Belastungseigenschaften bei hoher Temperatur zu verleihen.
Das Problem der thermischen Stabilität bei Schmiermitteln für Gasturbinen von Flugzeugen kann durch die Verwendung gewisser sterisch gehinderter Estergrundstoffe, die im allgemeinen auch gute Eigenschaften bei niedrigen Temperaturen aufweisen, da sie in vielen Fällen bei Temperaturen von 400 C oder darunter flüssig sind, befriedigend gelöst werden. Ein schwierigeres Problem ist jedoch dasjenige der Oxydationsstabilität und Korrosionsbeständigkeit, das sich deshalb stellt, weil die Schmiermittel bei hohen Temperaturen (etwa 2000 C) in Kontakt mit der Luft arbeiten müssen.
Diese Bedingungen beschleunigen die Verschlechterung des Schmiermittels durch Oxydation in hohem Mass, was im allgemeinen zu einer Zunahme dessen Viskosität und Azidität sowie einer Korrosion der Metalloberflächen oder einer Bildung von Ablage- rungen darauf führt. Eine übermässige Zunahme der Viskosität kann zu einem beschränkten Fliessen des Schmiermittels zu den Lagern des Motors führen, was ein ungenügendes Schmieren beim Starten und/oder eine ungenügende Kühlung beim Laufen des Motors als Folge hat. Eine Verschlechterung des Zustands der Motorelemente infolge von übermässiger Korrosion oder Ablagerung kann zum schlechten Funktionieren der sich bewegenden Teile führen, und eine übermässige Bildung von in Öl unlöslichen Materialien kann zu einer ungenügenden Schmierung infolge der Verstopfung von Ölbahnen führen.
Es ist daher höchst wünschenswert, dass ein Schmiermittel von diesem Typus nicht mehr als eine geringe Neigung zur Erhöhung seiner Viskosität und seiner Azidität beim Betrieb aufweisen soll.
Die Leistung eines Schmiermittels in dieser Hinsicht wird häufig bestimmt, indem es einer Oxydations/Korrosionsprüfung unterzogen wird, bei der eine Ölprobe bei hoher Temperatur in Kontakt mit Metallprobestükken gehalten wird, während ein Luftstrom während längerer Zeit durchgeblasen wird. Durchführungsformen dieser Prüfung sind in gewissen Regierungs- und Motorherstellervorschriften für Gasturbinenschmiermittel angegeben.
In einer Form dieser Prüfung für Öle, die bei hohen Temperaturen verwendet werden sollen, wiegt die Probe 90 g, während als Prüfungsbedingungen eine Temperatur von 2040 C, eine Fliessgeschwindigkeit der Luft von 5 Liter in der Stunde und eine Prüfungsdauer von 72 Stunden gewählt werden; als Metallpro- bestücke werden 6,25 cm2 grosse Platten aus Magnesiumlegierung, Aluminiumlegierung, Kupfer, Silber und Stahl verwendet. Bei einer Variante beträgt die Temperatur 2180 C und die Prüfungsdauer 48 Stunden. Bei diesen Formen der Prüfung weisen Öle, die eine mässige Oxydationsbeständigkeit bei hoher Temperatur haben, eine hohe Zunahme der Viskosität und der Azidität auf und neigen dazu, gewisse Metalle, insbesondere Kupfer und Magnesium, anzugreifen.
Bei Strahlflugzeugen werden manchmal Lager aus Bleilegierungen verwendet, und die Korrosion von Blei bildet ein besonderes Problem. Die Korrosion von Blei wird gewöhnlich durch eine weiter unten beschriebene besondere Prüfung gemessen.
Ein weiteres ernsthaftes Problem bei Schmiermitteln von diesem Typus besteht darin, dass sie eine angemessene Belastungsfähigkeit aufweisen müssen. Dieses Problem stellt sich deshalb, weil Estergrundstoffe, die beweglich genug sind, um die an Schmiermittel von diesem Typus gestellten Erfordernisse bei niedriger Temperatur zu erfüllen (z. B. um ein leichtes Starten der Motoren bei extremen Kältebedingungen), sehr dünn sind und unter den Betriebsbedingungen bei hoher Temperatur zu wenig Körper aufweisen. Es werden verschiedene Methoden verwendet, um die Belastungsfähigkeit solcher Schmiermittel zu bestimmen; zum Beispiel folgt dies mittels der bekannten Getriebevorrichtungen Ryder und IAE. Regierungs- und Motorherstellervorschriften geben gewöhnlich minimale Belastungsmerkmale an.
Verschiedene Zusatzstoffe sind als Beiträge zur Lösung der obigen Probleme bekannt, doch ist es bei der Herstellung einer endgültigen Schmiermittelmischung wichtig, dass die jeweilige Kombination von Basisöl und Zusatzstoffen im Gebrauch sauber sei und zu keinen unannehmbaren Ablagerungsniveaus auf den Motorbestandteilen führt. Ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Sauberkeit eines Öls in dieser Hinsicht ist die weiter unten beschriebene Panel-Cocking-Prüfung. Angaben über die Sauberkeit eines Öls können auch erzielt werden, indem die bei den oben beschriebenen Oxydations/Korrosionsprüfungen gebildete Menge unlösliches Material gemessen wird.
Die erfindungsgemässe Zusammensetzung zum Schmieren, auf Basis eines synthetischen Oels ist nun dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Basisöl aus einem flüssigen neutralen Polyester besteht, wie er durch Veresterung von (1) einem aliphatischen ein- und/oder mehrwertigen Alkohol, der 5 bis 15, und vorzugsweise 5 bis 10, Kohlenstoffatome pro Molekül und keine an irgendein Kohlenstoffatom in Stellung 2 hinsichtlich einer Gruppe -OH gebundene Wasserstoffatome aufweist, mit (2) einer 2 bis 14 und vorzugsweise 3 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatome pro Molekül aufweisenden aliphatischen Mono- und/oder Polycarbonsäure erhalten wird, wobei im Basisöl folgende Zusatzstoffe in Lösung enthalten sind:
: (a) 0,5 bis 5,0, vorzugsweise 1,5 bis 4,0 Gew.-0/o eines alkylierten Diphenylamins- als Antioxydans, insbesondere eines solchen, bei dem die Alkylgruppen bis zu 14 Kohlenstoffatomen aufweisen, z. B. eines Dioctyl- oder eines Dinonyldiphenylamins, (b) 0,5 bis 4,5 vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 3,5 Gew.- /o eines alkylierten Phenylnaphthylamins als Antioxydans, insbesonders eines solchen, bei dem die Alkylgruppen bis zu 14 Kohlenstoffatomen aufweisen, z.
B. eines Mono- oder Dioctyl- oder eines Mono- oder Dinonylphenylnaphthylamins, wobei die Gesamtkonzentration an (a) und (b) 1,0 bis 8,0, vorzugsweise 2,0 bis 6,0, Gew.- /o beträgt und das Gewicht von (a) vorzugsweise 1- bis 10-, insbesondere 2- bis 4mal so gross wie dasjenige von (b) ist, (c) 0,005 bis 1,5, vorzugsweise 0,01 bis 0,5 Gew.-O/c eines Kupfer-Passivators, (d) 0,5 bis 5,0, vorzugsweise 1,0 bis 4,0 Gew.-O/c eines neutralen organischen Phosphats der Formel (RO)sPO, worin die Gruppen R Tolylgruppen, Phenylgruppen, Xylylgruppen oder Alkyl- oder Cycloalkylgruppen mit bis zu 10 Kohlenstoffatomen sind, und (e) 0,01 bis 5,0, vorzugsweise 0,01 bis 1,0 Gew.-O/c eines dispergierenden Polymers.
Die in dieser Beschreibung angegebenen Konzentrationen an Zusatzstoffen sind auf das Basisöl bezogen. Die Zusammensetzung kann mehr als ein Glied jeder der angegebenen Klassen von Bestandteilen enthalten.
Das Basisöl
Das Basisöl ist ein sterisch gehinderter Polyester vom oben beschriebenen Typus. Unter Polyester versteht man einen mindestens 2 Esterbindungen pro Molekül aufweisenden Ester; dazu gehören somit Diester wie z. B. Neopentylglycoldipelargonat und Di(2:2:4-trimethylpentyl)-sebazat. Unter dem Ausdruck neutral versteht man ein völlig verestertes Produkt.
Bei der oben angegebenen Versterungsreaktion kann mehr als einer der verschiedenen angegebenen Reaktionsteilnehmer wie z. B. ein Gemisch von Monocarbonsäuren, verwendet werden; in jedem Fall besteht das bei dieser Veresterungsreaktion erzielte neutrale Esterprodukt bisweilen aus einem Gemisch verschiedener Estermoleküle, so dass der Ausdruck Polyester in diesem Rahmen aufzufassen ist.
Beispiele geeigneter Säuren und Alkohole, die bei der Herstellung des Polyesters verwendet werden können, sind Carpylsäure, Caprinsäure, Caproinsäure, Önanthsäure, Pelargonsäure, Valeriansäure, Pivalinsäure, Propionsäure, Buttersäure, 2-Äthylhexancarbon- säure, Adipinsäure, Sebazinsäure, Azelainsäure, 2:2:4- Trimethylpentanol, Neopentylalkohol, Neopentylglycol, Trimethyloläthan, Trimethylolpropan, Trimethylolbutan, Pentaerythritol und Dipentaerythritol.
Die am meisten geeigneten Polyester sind die Ester von Trimethylolpropan, Trünethylolbutan, Trimethylol äthan, Pentaerythritol und/oder Dipentaerythritol mit einer oder mehreren 3 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatome aufweisenden Monocarbonsäuren, insbesondere einer oder mehreren der im vorhergehenden Abschnitt erwähnten, sowie komplexere Ester, z. B. diejenigen, die aus Tri- methylolpropan, Sebazinsäure und/oder Azelainsäure und einer oder mehreren 3 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatome aufweisenden Monocarbonsäuren, insbesondere einer oder mehreren der im vorhergehenden Abschnitt erwähnten, hergestellt werden.
Am besten werden das Trimethylolpropan und die Dicarbonsäure in einem mo laren Verhältnis von 1:0,05-0,75, vorzugsweise 1:0,0750,4, umgesetzt, wobei die Menge Monocarbonsäure genügt, um ein Carboxyl/Hydroxyl-Gleichgewicht in den Reagenzien zu schaffen.
Die Antioxydantien
Bei den erfindungsgemässen Zusammensetzungen wird ein aus zwei Komponenten bestehendes Antioxydantiensystem verwendet. Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass viele der wirksamsten Antioxydantien für Schmiermittel bei hoher Temperatur im Gebrauch eine unannehmbare Bildung von Ablagerungen und Schlamm und die Korrosion von Kupfer und Magnesium bewirken.
Das alkylierte Diphenylamin wird wegen seiner Sauberkeit im Gebrauch und seiner langwährenden Qualität verwendet. Bevorzugt werden Mono- und Di-C1- bis G4-alkyldiphenylamine, insbesondere p,p'-Dioctyldiphenylamine. Die Wirksamkeit des Antioxydans bei -eschleunigten Oxydationsversuchen wird durch ein alkyliertes Phenylnaphthylamin, vorzugsweise ein Monooder Di- Ct- bis Ci#-alkylphenylnaphthylamin, insbe sondere ein Monooctylphenylnaphthylamin, erhöht. Die Kombination erwies sich als sehr befriedigend für die Steuerung der Viskositätszunahme beim Oxydationsversuch und führt nur zu unbedeutenden Schlammab- lagerungsmengen.
Die Kupfer-Passivatoren
Die Kupfer-Passivatoren bilden eine bekannte Klasse von Materialien, deren Funktion darin besteht, das Ausmass, in welcmem Kupfer von zerfressenden Substanzen angegriffen wird, zu vermindern. Der bei der erfindungsgemässe Zusammensetzung verwendete Kupfer-Passivator muss natürlich im Grundstoff löslich sein. Die Wirkung dieses Zusatzstoffs besteht darin, die Korrosion bei Materialien von Motorbestandteilen, die dem Schmiermittel während längerer Zeit bei hoher Temperatur und in Gegenwart von Luft ausgesetzt werden, zu vermindern. Die Wirksamkeit von Metall-Pas- sivatoren kann anhand der oben beschriebenen Oxydations-Korrosionsversuche bestimmt werden.
Kupfer ist das kritischste Metall bei solchen Versuchen; es wurde festgestellt, dass, wenn dieses Metall wirksam passiviert werden kann, die Korrosion der anderen gegenwärtigen Metalle, mit Ausnahme von Blei, so geringfügig ist, dass sie vernachlässigt werden kann. Zu den geeigneten Klassen von Kupfer-Passivatoren gehören:
1. Diejenigen Azol-Typus, wie z. B. Imidazol, Pyrazol, Triazol und deren Derivate, z. B. Benzotriazol, Methylbenzotriazol, Athylbenzotriazol, Butylbenzotriazol, Dodecylbenzotriazol, Methylen-bis-benzotriazol und Naphthotriazol.
2. Salicylaldehyd-semicarbazon und deren Ci-bis Go-Alkyl-Derivate, z. B. Methyl- und Isopropylsalicylaldehyd-semicarbazon.
3. Kondensationsprodukte von Salicylaldehyd- und Hydrazin-Derivate, und Fettsäuresalze solcher Kondensationsprodukte. Ein besonders geeignetes Hydrazin-De- rivat ist Aminoguanidin, und geeignete Fettsäuren sind diejenigen mit 2 bis 24 Kohlenstoffatomen.
Besonders wirksame Kupfer-Passivatoren sind Methylen-bis-benzotriazol und Salze von 1-Salicylalaminoguanidin und Fettsäuren mit 13 bis 18 Kohlenstoff- atomen, z. B. Palmitinsäure. Soll das Schmiermittel bei Bestandteilen aus Kupferlegierungen enthalbenden Motoren verwendet werden, so ist es wünschenswert, der Mischung einen Korrosionshemmstoff für Blei, gewöhnlich in einer Konzentration von 0,01 bis 1,0, vorzugsweise 0,05 bis 0,25 Gew.-O/o, beizufügen. Geeignete Korrosionshemmstoffe für Blei sind C- bis C#o-Alkyl- gallate, Neopentylglycoldisebazat, Sebazinsäure und Chinizarin. Propylgallat wird vorgezogen; es hat keinen Einfluss auf die anderen Eigenschaften der Mischung.
Der Belastungszusatzstoff
Tritolylphosphat ist der bevorzugte Belastungszu- satzstoff, doch sind auch Triphenylphosphat, Phenyl/ Tolylphosphate, Trixylylphosphat, Tributylphosphatnd und Tricyclohexylphosphat wirksam.
Das dispergierende Polymer
Die Sauberkeit der Zusammensetzungen zum Schmieren wird durch die Einverleibung dieses bekannten Zusatzstofftypus verbessert. Geeignete Polymere sind Acrylat- und Methacrylat-Polymere, Mischpolymerisate von N-Vinylpyrrolidon mit Acrylaten und Methacrylaten und Mischpolymeriswye von N-Vinylpyrrolidon mit Olefinen, wie sie in der britischen Patentschrift Mischpolymerisate müssen selbstverständlich im Ester Nr. 1 085 375 beschrieben sind. Die Polymere oder grundstoff löslich sein. Die am meisten geeigneten Poly mere haben gewöhnlich ein Molekulargewicht im Bereich von 1000 bis 1 000 000 und insbesondere von 5000 bis 500 000.
Die erwäznten Acrylate und Methacrylate sind vorzugsweise die von Acryl- oder Methacrylsäure und 1 bis 24 und insbesondere 4 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatome aufweisenden einwertigen Alkoholen abgeleitet.
Weitere wahlweise Zusatzstoffe
Wenn erwünscht, kann die hydrolytische Stabilität der erfindungsgemässen Zusammensetzungen durch die Beigabe von 0,005 bis 0,5, vorzugsweise 0,02 bjs 0,1 Gew-O/o eines Zusatzstoffs zur Förderung der hydrolytischen Stabilität verbessert werden. Geeignete Zusatzstoffe sind aliphatische oder aliphatisch/aromatische Amine mit bis zu 30 Kohlenstoffatomen oder Hydroxyl-Derivate davon, vorzugsweise tertiäre Amine. Die am meisten geeignete Amine für diesen Zweck sind diejenigen der allgemeinen Formel R4(R5)NR6), worin R4 und R5 Alkylgruppen mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen sind und R6 eine Alkaryl- oder hydroxysubstituierte Alkarylgruppe mit 20 Kohlenstoffatomen ist. Eine bevorzugte Verbindung von diesem Typus ist 2:6-Di-tertiäres-butyl-4-dimethylaminomethylphenol.
Die erfindungsgemässen Zusammensetzungen können auch eine sehr geringe Menge (bis zu 25 Teilen pro Million) eines Antischaummittels, z. B. eines Silikons, enthalten.
Beispiele
Nachstehend werden einige Beispiele von erfindungsgemässen Zusammensetzungen zum Schmieren beschrieben.
Bei diesen Zusammensetzungen wurden drei Basis öle verwendet: Basisöl N Ein durch die Veresterung von Caprylsäure, 1:1:1-Trimethylolpropan (TMP) und Sebazinsäure in einem molaren Verhältnis von 28:10:1 und in Abwesenheit eines Katalysators hergestellter komplexer Ester.
Basisöl Q Ein durch die Veresterung von Caprylsäure, TMP und Sebazinsäure in einem molaren Verhältnis von 28:10:1 und unter Verwendung eines Katalysators hergestellter komplexer Ester.
Basisöl R Ein durch die Veresterung von Pentaerythritol, Önanth- säure und 2-Äthylhexancarbonsäure in einem molaren Verhältnis von 1:3:1 und in Abwesenheit eines Katalysators hergestellter komplexer Ester.
In den Zusammensetzungen wurden folgende Zusatzstoffe verwendet: DODPA = p,p'-Dioctyldiphenylamin MOPBN = Monooctylphenyl-fl-naphthylamin SAGP = Salz von 1-Salicylalaminoguanidin und ein Gemisch von 13-18 Kohlenstoff atome auweisenden Fettsäuren PG = Propylgallat l le = Tritolylphosphat DISP = Dispergierendes Mischpolymerisat von
N-Vinylpyrrolidon und einem Metha crylat (Molekulargewicht 60 000 bis
70 000), das als Acryloid HF 866 im
Handel erhältlich ist.
Die bei den Zusammensetzungen verwendeten Proportionen der Bestandteile (Gewichtsteile) sind in der nachstehenden Tabelle 1 angegeben, die auch die kinematische Viskosität der Zusammensetzungen bei 990 C und -400 C in Centistokes, die ASTM-Neigung, den Fliesspunkt ( C) und den Flammpunkt ( C) angibt.
Tabelle 1
EMI4.1
<tb> Zusammensetzung <SEP> LAL <SEP> A <SEP> B <SEP> | <SEP> C
<tb> Basisöl <SEP> N <SEP> 100 <SEP>
<tb> Basisöl <SEP> Q <SEP> - <SEP> <SEP> 100 <SEP>
<tb> Basisöl <SEP> R <SEP> 100
<tb> DODPA <SEP> 3,0 <SEP> 3,0 <SEP> 3,0
<tb> MOPBN <SEP> 1,0 <SEP> 1,0 <SEP> 1,0
<tb> SAGP <SEP> 0,1 <SEP> 0,1 <SEP> 0,1
<tb> PG <SEP> 0,1 <SEP> 0,1 <SEP> 0,1
<tb> TTP <SEP> 2,0 <SEP> 2,0 <SEP> 2,0
<tb> DISP <SEP> 0,1 <SEP> 0,1 <SEP> 0,1
<tb> Viskosität <SEP> bei <SEP> 990 <SEP> C <SEP> 5,41 <SEP> 5,40 <SEP> 5,26
<tb> Viskosität <SEP> bei <SEP> 400 <SEP> C <SEP> 9440 <SEP> 9380 <SEP> 15 <SEP> 600
<tb> ASTM-Neigung
<tb> <SEP> (99-380 <SEP> <SEP> C) <SEP> 0,699 <SEP> 0,700 <SEP> 0,732
<tb> Fliesspunkt <SEP> <SEP> <SEP> C <SEP> -53,9 <SEP> <RTI
ID=4.11> - <SEP> 53,9 <SEP> <SEP> - <SEP> 56,7 <SEP>
<tb> Flammpunkt <SEP> (COC) <SEP> <SEP> <SEP> C <SEP> 257,2 <SEP> 257,2 <SEP> 262,8
<tb>
Die Zusammensetzungen wurden unter Verwendung von Prüfungen vom Typus, der in den Regierungs- und Motorherstellervorschriften für Schmiermittel, die bei den Turbinen von Überschallstrahlflugzeugen verwendet werden sollen, angegeben ist, auf ihre Oxydationsstabilität, Korrosionsbeständigkeit, Belastungsfähigkeit und Sauberkeit hin geprüft.
Versuch zur Bestimmung der Oxydation und der Korrosion
Dieser Versuch wurde wie bereits beschrieben durchgeführt, wobei eine Temperatur von 2180 C und eine Versuchsdauer von 48 Stunden verwendet wurden und die Luft mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 5 Liter in der Stunde durchgeblasen wurde.
Die Ergebnisse sind in der nachstehenden Tabelle 2 angegeben, die auch die erwünschten Grenzen für Öle vom in Frage stehenden Typus angibt. In der Tabelle 2 stehen auch die mit vier im Handel erhältlichen Ölen P, Q, R und S für Gasturbinen von Flugzeugen erzielt wurden, die auf Grund einer diesen Oxydations/Korro sionsversuch enthaltenden Motorherstellervorschrift angenommen worden sind. Die Vorschrift gilt für ein Turbinenöl Type 2 , d. h. einen fortschrittlichen Typus von Turbinenöl für Flugzeuge. Aus der Tabelle geht hervor, dass die mit den Ölen A, B und C erziel ten Ergebnisse sich vorteilhaft mit den mit den Ölen
P, Q, R und S erzielten Ergebnissen vergleichen lassen und dass die Öle A und B und C sauberer als die ge billigten Öle sind, wie dies durch die beim Versuch er zeugte Menge unlösliches Material bestimmt werden kann.
Tabelle 2
EMI4.2
<tb> <SEP> Öl <SEP> A| <SEP> B <SEP> C <SEP> P <SEP> | <SEP> Q <SEP> |R <SEP> | <SEP> S <SEP> | <SEP> Grenzen
<tb> Viskosität <SEP> bei <SEP> 37,80 <SEP> C <SEP> O/o <SEP> <SEP> 37 <SEP> 39 <SEP> 45 <SEP> 47 <SEP> 31,5 <SEP> 24,5 <SEP> 35 <SEP> nicht <SEP> über <SEP> 50
<tb> Aziditätszunahme <SEP> mg <SEP> KOH/g <SEP> 3,5 <SEP> 1 <SEP> <SEP> 3,6 <SEP> 1,5 <SEP> 2,5 <SEP> 1 <SEP> <SEP> 1,5 <SEP> 2,0 <SEP> - <SEP> <SEP> 2,2 <SEP> nicht <SEP> über <SEP> 5
<tb> Mg <SEP> Gewichtsveränderung <SEP> mg/cm2 <SEP> -0,02 <SEP> -0,01 <SEP> -0,02 <SEP> -7,1 <SEP> keine <SEP> + <SEP> 0,02 <SEP> -0,02
<tb> Al <SEP> Gewichtsveränderung <SEP> mg/cm2 <SEP> -0,02 <SEP> -0,01 <SEP> -0,02 <SEP> -0,02 <SEP> + <SEP> 0,03 <SEP> -0,01 <SEP> keine
<SEP> +0,3 <SEP> <SEP> bis
<tb> Cu <SEP> Gewichtsveränderung <SEP> mg/cm2 <SEP> -0,07 <SEP> -0,15 <SEP> -0,07 <SEP> -1,9 <SEP> -0,03 <SEP> -0,26 <SEP> -0,08
<tb> Ag <SEP> Gewichtsveränderung <SEP> mg/cm2 <SEP> -0,06 <SEP> -0,03 <SEP> -0,05 <SEP> keine <SEP> keine <SEP> keine <SEP> -0,01 <SEP> <SEP> -0,3 <SEP>
<tb> Fe <SEP> Gewichtsveränderung <SEP> mg/cm2 <SEP> + <SEP> 0,02 <SEP> + <SEP> 0,01 <SEP> -0,02 <SEP> -0,02 <SEP> + <SEP> 0,02 <SEP> + <SEP> 0,03 <SEP> + <SEP> 0,02
<tb> unlösliches <SEP> Material <SEP> mg <SEP> kein <SEP> kein <SEP> | <SEP> kein <SEP> | <SEP> 1,0 <SEP> 5,0 <SEP> 1 <SEP> 2,3 <SEP> Spuren <SEP> <SEP> 1 <SEP> - <SEP>
<tb>
Versuch zur Bestimmung der Korrosion von Blei
Bei diesem Versuch wurde eine Ölprobe 5 Stunden bei 1900 C gehalten,
wobei eine Kupferplatte darin eingelegt war und Luft mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 28 Liter in der Stunde durchgeblasen wurde. Eine Bleiplatte wurde im Öl gedreht und deren Gewichtsverlust nach dem Versuch gemessen. Öl vom in Frage stehenden Typus wird als in dieser Hinsicht gut betrachtet, wenn es zu einem Gewichtsverlust von nicht über 1,0 mg/cm2 führt.
Tabelle 3
EMI4.3
<tb> <SEP> Öl <SEP> I <SEP> <SEP> A <SEP> | <SEP> B
<tb> Gewichtsveränderung <SEP> des <SEP> Bleis
<tb> <SEP> mg/cm2 <SEP> #,032 <SEP> -0,042 <SEP>
<tb>
Versuch zur Bestimmung der Belastungsfähigkeit
Die Belastungsfähigkeit der Zusammensetzung zum Schmieren A wurde durch den bekannten Versuch mit der Getriebevorrichtung Ryder bestimmt, bei dem eine Reihe von Getrieben in das zu prüfende Öl bei 73,90 C eingetaucht wird und die Getriebe mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 10 000 Umdrehungen in der Minute in Gang gesetzt werden, während eine zunehmende Belastung hydraulisch angebracht wird.
Der Grad des Schurrens an jedem Zahn wird gemessen, und es wird angenommen, dass der Punkt des Versagens des Öls erreicht wird, wenn durchschnittlich 22,5 0/0 der Gesamtoberfläche des Zahns um Schurren tangiert wird.
Die Ergebnisse sind in der nachstehenden Tabelle 4 zu finden, die auch die mit einem Öl Al, das dieselbe Zusammensetzung wie das Öl A aufweist, ausser dass der Belastungszusatzstoff TTP weggelassen wurde, und mit dem im Handel erhältlichen Öl P erzielten Ergebnisse anführt.
Tabelle 4
EMI5.1
<tb> <SEP> Öl <SEP> 1 <SEP> A <SEP> r <SEP> A' <SEP> I <SEP> P
<tb> Ryder-Messung <SEP> <SEP> ppi <SEP> 1 <SEP> <SEP> 2.870 <SEP> 1 <SEP> <SEP> 2.270 <SEP> 1 <SEP> <SEP> 2.422
<tb>
Weitere Belastungsversuche wurden unter Verwendung der bekannten Getriebevorrichtung IAE durchgeführt, bei der eine Reihe von Getrieben mit dem zu prüfenden Öl bei verschiedenen hohen Temperaturen gesprüht wird und die Getriebe mit verschiedenen Ge Belastung angebracht wird. Die Belastung, bei der ein schwindigkeiten in Gang gesetzt werden, während eine Schnurren der Getriebe erfolgt, wird festgehalten. Die Ergebnisse sind in der nachstehenden Tabelle 5 zu finden.
Tabelle 5
EMI5.2
<tb> <SEP> Geschwindigkeit <SEP> Belastung <SEP> beim
<tb> Tempe <SEP> des <SEP> Getriebes <SEP> Schurren-kg
<tb> ratur <SEP> C <SEP> U/min <SEP> Öl <SEP> A <SEP> Öl <SEP> B
<tb> <SEP> 110 <SEP> 2000 <SEP> 28,12 <SEP> 28,58
<tb> <SEP> 110 <SEP> 6000 <SEP> 16,33 <SEP> 16,78
<tb> <SEP> 200 <SEP> 2000 <SEP> 16,78 <SEP> 16,33
<tb>
Panel-Coking-Versuch
Die Sauberkeit der Zusammensetzungen zum Schmieren wurde weiter durch diesen Versuch bestimmt, bei dem eine Probe des Öls 8 Stunden auf eine auf 3160 C erhitzte gewogene Aluminiumplatte gespritzt wird und die Art und das Gewicht der Ablagerung auf der Platte festgestellt werden.
Die Ergebnisse sind in der nachstehenden Tabelle 6 angeführt. Ein Öl, das eine Ablagerung von nicht mehr als 10 mg ergibt, wird als ein aussergewöhnlich gutes Öl vom in Frage stehenden Typus betrachtet. Die Ergebnisse sind auch für die hier bereits erwähnten im Handel erhältlichen Öle P, Q, R und S angegeben; man sieht, dass die Öle A, B und C viel sauberer sind als die im Handel erhältlichen Öle.
Tabelle 6
EMI5.3
<tb> <SEP> Gewicht <SEP> der
<tb> Öl <SEP> Ablagerung <SEP> Art <SEP> der <SEP> Ablagerung
<tb> <SEP> mg
<tb> A <SEP> 8,0 <SEP> gelber <SEP> Lack <SEP> - <SEP> braune <SEP> Streifen
<tb> <SEP> B <SEP> 9,0 <SEP> sehr <SEP> dünner <SEP> goldener <SEP> Lack
<tb> <SEP> C <SEP> 7,0 <SEP> sehr <SEP> dünner <SEP> goldener <SEP> Lack
<tb> <SEP> P <SEP> 79 <SEP> dicker <SEP> harter <SEP> schwarzer <SEP> Koks
<tb> Q <SEP> 82 <SEP> dicker <SEP> harter <SEP> schwarzer <SEP> Koks
<tb> R <SEP> 74 <SEP> dicke <SEP> weiche <SEP> schwarze <SEP> Ablagerung
<tb> <SEP> S <SEP> 13 <SEP> hellbrauner <SEP> dünner <SEP> Lack
<tb>
Lagerversuch
Die beiden Öle A und B wurden einem 100stündigen Lagerversuch unterzogen, wobei die Temperatur des Öls 226,70 C und diejenige des Lagers 2600 C betrug.
Mit beiden Ölen wurden ausgezeichnete Ergebnisse erzielt, insbesondere was die Sauberkeit der Lagerteile nach dem Versuch betraf, was die sehr geringe Tendenz dieser Öle zur Ablagerung und Schlammbildung zeigt.
Synthetic oil-based lubricant
The present invention relates to synthetic oil-based lubricants which are suitable for use in the severe conditions encountered in the operation of modern aircraft gas turbines. The lubricant is based on a thermally stable ester and contains a number of additives that are primarily suitable for giving the base material good oxidation-resistant, corrosion-resistant and load properties at high temperatures.
The problem of thermal stability in lubricants for aircraft gas turbines can be solved satisfactorily by using certain sterically hindered ester base materials, which generally also have good properties at low temperatures, since they are in many cases liquid at temperatures of 400 ° C. or below. A more difficult problem, however, is that of oxidation stability and corrosion resistance, which arises because the lubricants have to work at high temperatures (about 2000 C) in contact with air.
These conditions greatly accelerate the deterioration of the lubricant by oxidation, which generally leads to an increase in its viscosity and acidity as well as corrosion or the formation of deposits on the metal surfaces. An excessive increase in viscosity can lead to a restricted flow of the lubricant to the bearings of the engine, which results in insufficient lubrication when starting and / or insufficient cooling when the engine is running. Deterioration in the condition of engine elements due to excessive corrosion or fouling can cause poor functioning of moving parts, and excessive build-up of oil-insoluble materials can lead to poor lubrication due to clogging of oil paths.
It is highly desirable, therefore, that a lubricant of this type should have no more than a slight tendency to increase its viscosity and acidity in service.
The performance of a lubricant in this regard is often determined by subjecting it to an oxidation / corrosion test in which a sample of oil is held at high temperature in contact with metal specimens while a stream of air is blown through it for an extended period of time. How to perform this test is provided in certain government and engine manufacturer regulations for gas turbine lubricants.
In one form of this test for oils that are to be used at high temperatures, the sample weighs 90 g, while the test conditions selected are a temperature of 2040 C, an air flow rate of 5 liters per hour and a test duration of 72 hours; 6.25 cm2 plates made of magnesium alloy, aluminum alloy, copper, silver and steel are used as metal test pieces. In one variant, the temperature is 2180 C and the test duration is 48 hours. In these forms of testing, oils that have moderate resistance to oxidation at high temperatures have a large increase in viscosity and acidity and tend to attack certain metals, particularly copper and magnesium.
Lead alloy bearings are sometimes used in jet aircraft and corrosion of lead is a particular problem. Lead corrosion is usually measured by a special test described below.
Another serious problem with lubricants of this type is that they must have adequate loading capacity. This problem arises because ester bases which are flexible enough to meet the requirements placed on lubricants of this type at low temperatures (e.g. to enable engines to be started easily under extreme cold conditions) are very thin and under the Operating conditions at high temperature have too few bodies. Various methods are used to determine the loading capacity of such lubricants; for example, this is done by means of the known Ryder and IAE gear devices. Government and engine manufacturer regulations usually specify minimum loading characteristics.
Various additives are known to help solve the above problems, but in making a final lubricant blend it is important that the particular combination of base oil and additives be clean in use and do not result in unacceptable levels of buildup on engine components. One method of determining the cleanliness of an oil in this regard is the panel cocking test described below. An indication of the cleanliness of an oil can also be obtained by measuring the amount of insoluble material formed in the above-described oxidation / corrosion tests.
The composition according to the invention for lubrication, based on a synthetic oil, is now characterized in that the base oil consists of a liquid neutral polyester, as obtained by esterification of (1) an aliphatic monohydric and / or polyhydric alcohol, 5 to 15, and preferably 5 to 10 carbon atoms per molecule and no hydrogen atoms bonded to any carbon atom in position 2 with respect to a group -OH, obtained with (2) an aliphatic mono- and / or polycarboxylic acid having 2 to 14 and preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms per molecule The base oil contains the following additives in solution:
: (a) 0.5 to 5.0, preferably 1.5 to 4.0 wt. 0 / o of an alkylated diphenylamine as an antioxidant, especially one in which the alkyl groups have up to 14 carbon atoms, e.g. B. a dioctyl or a dinonyldiphenylamine, (b) 0.5 to 4.5, preferably 0.5 to 3.5 wt / o of an alkylated phenylnaphthylamine as an antioxidant, especially one in which the alkyl groups have up to 14 carbon atoms have e.g.
B. a mono- or dioctyl or a mono- or dinonylphenylnaphthylamine, wherein the total concentration of (a) and (b) is 1.0 to 8.0, preferably 2.0 to 6.0, wt / o and the weight of (a) is preferably 1 to 10, in particular 2 to 4 times as great as that of (b), (c) 0.005 to 1.5, preferably 0.01 to 0.5% by weight / c of a copper passivator, (d) 0.5 to 5.0, preferably 1.0 to 4.0 wt. O / c of a neutral organic phosphate of the formula (RO) sPO, in which the groups R are tolyl groups, phenyl groups, Are xylyl groups or alkyl or cycloalkyl groups of up to 10 carbon atoms, and (e) 0.01 to 5.0, preferably 0.01 to 1.0 weight percent of a dispersing polymer.
The concentrations of additives given in this description are based on the base oil. The composition can contain more than one member of any of the specified classes of ingredients.
The base oil
The base oil is a hindered polyester of the type described above. Polyester is understood as meaning an ester which has at least 2 ester bonds per molecule; thus include diesters such as B. neopentyl glycol dipelargonate and di (2: 2: 4-trimethylpentyl) sebacate. The term neutral means a completely esterified product.
In the above-mentioned esterification reaction, more than one of the various reactants indicated, such as e.g. B. a mixture of monocarboxylic acids can be used; in any case, the neutral ester product obtained in this esterification reaction sometimes consists of a mixture of different ester molecules, so that the term polyester is to be understood in this context.
Examples of suitable acids and alcohols which can be used in the production of the polyester are carpylic acid, capric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, pelargonic acid, valeric acid, pivalic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, 2-ethylhexanecarboxylic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, 2: 2 : 4-trimethylpentanol, neopentyl alcohol, neopentyl glycol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol.
The most suitable polyesters are the esters of trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, trimethylol ethane, pentaerythritol and / or dipentaerythritol with one or more 3 to 10 carbon atoms having monocarboxylic acids, in particular one or more of the ones mentioned in the previous section, as well as more complex esters, e.g. B. those prepared from trimethylolpropane, sebacic acid and / or azelaic acid and one or more monocarboxylic acids having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular one or more of those mentioned in the previous section.
The trimethylolpropane and the dicarboxylic acid are best implemented in a molar ratio of 1: 0.05-0.75, preferably 1: 0.0750.4, the amount of monocarboxylic acid being sufficient to achieve a carboxyl / hydroxyl equilibrium in the To create reagents.
The antioxidants
An antioxidant system consisting of two components is used in the compositions according to the invention. Many of the most effective antioxidants for lubricants have been found to cause unacceptable scale and sludge formation and corrosion of copper and magnesium at high temperature in use.
The alkylated diphenylamine is used because of its cleanliness in use and its long-lasting quality. Mono- and di-C1- to G4-alkyldiphenylamines, in particular p, p'-dioctyldiphenylamines, are preferred. The effectiveness of the antioxidant in accelerated oxidation attempts is increased by an alkylated phenylnaphthylamine, preferably a mono- or di-Ct- to Ci # -alkylphenylnaphthylamine, in particular a monooctylphenylnaphthylamine. The combination turned out to be very satisfactory for controlling the increase in viscosity during the oxidation test and only leads to insignificant amounts of sludge deposits.
The copper passivators
The copper passivators are a well-known class of materials whose function is to reduce the extent to which copper is attacked by corrosive substances. The copper passivator used in the composition according to the invention must of course be soluble in the base material. The effect of this additive is to reduce corrosion in engine component materials that are exposed to the lubricant for long periods of time at high temperature and in the presence of air. The effectiveness of metal passivators can be determined using the oxidation-corrosion tests described above.
Copper is the most critical metal in such attempts; it has been found that if this metal can be effectively passivated, the corrosion of the other present metals, with the exception of lead, is so minor that it can be neglected. Suitable classes of copper passivators include:
1. Those azole type, such as. B. imidazole, pyrazole, triazole and their derivatives, e.g. B. benzotriazole, methylbenzotriazole, ethylbenzotriazole, butylbenzotriazole, dodecylbenzotriazole, methylene-bis-benzotriazole and naphthotriazole.
2. Salicylaldehyde semicarbazone and their Ci to Go alkyl derivatives, eg. B. methyl and isopropyl salicylaldehyde semicarbazone.
3. Condensation products of salicylaldehyde and hydrazine derivatives, and fatty acid salts of such condensation products. A particularly suitable hydrazine derivative is aminoguanidine and suitable fatty acids are those having 2 to 24 carbon atoms.
Particularly effective copper passivators are methylene-bis-benzotriazole and salts of 1-salicylalaminoguanidine and fatty acids with 13 to 18 carbon atoms, e.g. B. palmitic acid. If the lubricant is to be used in engines containing copper alloy components, it is desirable to add a corrosion inhibitor for lead to the mixture, usually in a concentration of 0.01 to 1.0, preferably 0.05 to 0.25% by weight. o, to be attached. Suitable corrosion inhibitors for lead are C- to C # o-alkyl gallates, neopentyl glycol disebacate, sebacic acid and quinizarine. Propyl gallate is preferred; it does not affect the other properties of the mixture.
The stress additive
Tritolyl phosphate is the preferred stress additive, but triphenyl phosphate, phenyl / tolyl phosphate, trixylyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate and tricyclohexyl phosphate are also effective.
The dispersing polymer
The cleanliness of the lubricating compositions is improved by the incorporation of this known type of additive. Suitable polymers are acrylate and methacrylate polymers, copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone with acrylates and methacrylates, and copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone with olefins, as are of course described in the British patent copolymers in ester no. 1,085,375. The polymers or base material can be soluble. Most suitable polymers usually have a molecular weight in the range from 1,000 to 1,000,000, and especially from 5,000 to 500,000.
The acrylates and methacrylates mentioned are preferably those derived from acrylic or methacrylic acid and monohydric alcohols containing 1 to 24 and in particular 4 to 18 carbon atoms.
Other optional additives
If desired, the hydrolytic stability of the compositions according to the invention can be improved by adding from 0.005 to 0.5, preferably 0.02 to 0.1% by weight of an additive to promote the hydrolytic stability. Suitable additives are aliphatic or aliphatic / aromatic amines with up to 30 carbon atoms or hydroxyl derivatives thereof, preferably tertiary amines. Most suitable amines for this purpose are those of the general formula R4 (R5) NR6), wherein R4 and R5 are alkyl groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R6 is an alkaryl or hydroxy substituted alkaryl group of 20 carbon atoms. A preferred compound of this type is 2: 6-di-tertiary-butyl-4-dimethylaminomethylphenol.
The compositions of the invention may also contain a very small amount (up to 25 parts per million) of an antifoam agent, e.g. B. a silicone included.
Examples
Some examples of the lubricating compositions of the present invention are described below.
Three base oils were used in these compositions: Base oil N Ein by the esterification of caprylic acid, 1: 1: 1 trimethylolpropane (TMP) and sebacic acid in a molar ratio of 28: 10: 1 and complex esters made in the absence of a catalyst.
Base Oil Q A complex ester produced by esterifying caprylic acid, TMP and sebacic acid in a molar ratio of 28: 10: 1 and using a catalyst.
Base oil R A complex ester produced by the esterification of pentaerythritol, enanthic acid and 2-ethylhexanecarboxylic acid in a molar ratio of 1: 3: 1 and in the absence of a catalyst.
The following additives were used in the compositions: DODPA = p, p'-dioctyldiphenylamine MOPBN = monooctylphenyl-fl-naphthylamine SAGP = salt of 1-salicylalaminoguanidine and a mixture of fatty acids having 13-18 carbon atoms PG = propyl gallate l le = tritolyl phosphate DISP = Dispersing copolymer from
N-vinylpyrrolidone and a methacrylate (molecular weight 60,000 to
70,000), which is available as Acryloid HF 866 in
Is commercially available.
The proportions of the ingredients (parts by weight) used in the compositions are given in Table 1 below, which also includes the kinematic viscosity of the compositions at 990 C and -400 C in centistokes, the ASTM slope, the pour point (C) and the flash point ( C) indicates.
Table 1
EMI4.1
<tb> Composition <SEP> LAL <SEP> A <SEP> B <SEP> | <SEP> C
<tb> Base oil <SEP> N <SEP> 100 <SEP>
<tb> Base oil <SEP> Q <SEP> - <SEP> <SEP> 100 <SEP>
<tb> Base oil <SEP> R <SEP> 100
<tb> DODPA <SEP> 3.0 <SEP> 3.0 <SEP> 3.0
<tb> MOPBN <SEP> 1.0 <SEP> 1.0 <SEP> 1.0
<tb> SAGP <SEP> 0.1 <SEP> 0.1 <SEP> 0.1
<tb> PG <SEP> 0.1 <SEP> 0.1 <SEP> 0.1
<tb> TTP <SEP> 2.0 <SEP> 2.0 <SEP> 2.0
<tb> DISP <SEP> 0.1 <SEP> 0.1 <SEP> 0.1
<tb> Viscosity <SEP> at <SEP> 990 <SEP> C <SEP> 5.41 <SEP> 5.40 <SEP> 5.26
<tb> Viscosity <SEP> at <SEP> 400 <SEP> C <SEP> 9440 <SEP> 9380 <SEP> 15 <SEP> 600
<tb> ASTM slope
<tb> <SEP> (99-380 <SEP> <SEP> C) <SEP> 0.699 <SEP> 0.700 <SEP> 0.732
<tb> Flow point <SEP> <SEP> <SEP> C <SEP> -53.9 <SEP> <RTI
ID = 4.11> - <SEP> 53.9 <SEP> <SEP> - <SEP> 56.7 <SEP>
<tb> Flash point <SEP> (COC) <SEP> <SEP> <SEP> C <SEP> 257.2 <SEP> 257.2 <SEP> 262.8
<tb>
The compositions were tested for oxidative stability, corrosion resistance, toughness and cleanliness using tests of the type specified in government and engine manufacturer regulations for lubricants to be used in the turbines of supersonic jet aircraft.
Attempt to determine oxidation and corrosion
This test was carried out as already described, using a temperature of 2180 ° C. and a test duration of 48 hours and the air being blown through at a rate of 5 liters per hour.
The results are given in Table 2 below, which also gives the desired limits for oils of the type in question. Table 2 also shows the four commercially available oils P, Q, R and S for aircraft gas turbines that have been accepted on the basis of an engine manufacturer's specification containing this oxidation / corrosion test. The regulation applies to a turbine oil type 2, i. H. an advanced type of aircraft turbine oil. The table shows that the results obtained with oils A, B and C are advantageous with those obtained with oils
Let P, Q, R and S compare the results obtained and that oils A and B and C are cleaner than the cheap oils, as can be determined by the amount of insoluble material produced in the experiment.
Table 2
EMI4.2
<tb> <SEP> oil <SEP> A | <SEP> B <SEP> C <SEP> P <SEP> | <SEP> Q <SEP> | R <SEP> | <SEP> S <SEP> | <SEP> limits
<tb> Viscosity <SEP> at <SEP> 37.80 <SEP> C <SEP> O / o <SEP> <SEP> 37 <SEP> 39 <SEP> 45 <SEP> 47 <SEP> 31.5 < SEP> 24.5 <SEP> 35 <SEP> not <SEP> over <SEP> 50
<tb> Increase in acidity <SEP> mg <SEP> KOH / g <SEP> 3.5 <SEP> 1 <SEP> <SEP> 3.6 <SEP> 1.5 <SEP> 2.5 <SEP> 1 < SEP> <SEP> 1.5 <SEP> 2.0 <SEP> - <SEP> <SEP> 2.2 <SEP> not <SEP> via <SEP> 5
<tb> Mg <SEP> Weight change <SEP> mg / cm2 <SEP> -0.02 <SEP> -0.01 <SEP> -0.02 <SEP> -7.1 <SEP> none <SEP> + <SEP> 0.02 <SEP> -0.02
<tb> Al <SEP> Weight change <SEP> mg / cm2 <SEP> -0.02 <SEP> -0.01 <SEP> -0.02 <SEP> -0.02 <SEP> + <SEP> 0 , 03 <SEP> -0.01 <SEP> none
<SEP> +0.3 <SEP> <SEP> to
<tb> Cu <SEP> Weight change <SEP> mg / cm2 <SEP> -0.07 <SEP> -0.15 <SEP> -0.07 <SEP> -1.9 <SEP> -0.03 < SEP> -0.26 <SEP> -0.08
<tb> Ag <SEP> Weight change <SEP> mg / cm2 <SEP> -0.06 <SEP> -0.03 <SEP> -0.05 <SEP> none <SEP> none <SEP> none <SEP> -0.01 <SEP> <SEP> -0.3 <SEP>
<tb> Fe <SEP> Weight change <SEP> mg / cm2 <SEP> + <SEP> 0.02 <SEP> + <SEP> 0.01 <SEP> -0.02 <SEP> -0.02 <SEP > + <SEP> 0.02 <SEP> + <SEP> 0.03 <SEP> + <SEP> 0.02
<tb> insoluble <SEP> material <SEP> mg <SEP> none <SEP> none <SEP> | <SEP> no <SEP> | <SEP> 1.0 <SEP> 5.0 <SEP> 1 <SEP> 2.3 <SEP> tracks <SEP> <SEP> 1 <SEP> - <SEP>
<tb>
Attempt to determine the corrosion of lead
In this test, an oil sample was kept at 1900 C for 5 hours,
a copper plate was inserted therein and air was blown through at a rate of 28 liters per hour. A lead plate was rotated in the oil and its weight loss measured after the experiment. Oil of the type in question is considered good in this regard if it results in a weight loss not exceeding 1.0 mg / cm2.
Table 3
EMI4.3
<tb> <SEP> oil <SEP> I <SEP> <SEP> A <SEP> | <SEP> B
<tb> Change in weight <SEP> of the <SEP> lead
<tb> <SEP> mg / cm2 <SEP> #, 032 <SEP> -0.042 <SEP>
<tb>
Attempt to determine exercise capacity
The load capacity of the composition for lubricating A was determined by the known test with the Ryder gear device, in which a number of gears are immersed in the oil to be tested at 73.90 C and the gears at a speed of 10,000 revolutions per minute in Gear can be set while an increasing load is applied hydraulically.
The degree of chuff on each tooth is measured and it is believed that the point of oil failure is reached when an average of 22.5% of the total surface area of the tooth is tangled around churn.
The results can be found in Table 4 below, which also lists the results obtained with an Al oil, which has the same composition as Oil A, except that the stress additive TTP has been omitted, and with the commercially available Oil P.
Table 4
EMI5.1
<tb> <SEP> oil <SEP> 1 <SEP> A <SEP> r <SEP> A '<SEP> I <SEP> P
<tb> Ryder measurement <SEP> <SEP> ppi <SEP> 1 <SEP> <SEP> 2.870 <SEP> 1 <SEP> <SEP> 2.270 <SEP> 1 <SEP> <SEP> 2.422
<tb>
Further load tests were carried out using the known IAE transmission device, in which a number of transmissions are sprayed with the oil to be tested at various high temperatures and the transmission is attached with various Ge loads. The load at which speeds are set in motion while the transmission purrs is recorded. The results can be found in Table 5 below.
Table 5
EMI5.2
<tb> <SEP> speed <SEP> load <SEP> at
<tb> Tempe <SEP> of the <SEP> gear <SEP> chute kg
<tb> ratur <SEP> C <SEP> rpm <SEP> oil <SEP> A <SEP> oil <SEP> B
<tb> <SEP> 110 <SEP> 2000 <SEP> 28.12 <SEP> 28.58
<tb> <SEP> 110 <SEP> 6000 <SEP> 16.33 <SEP> 16.78
<tb> <SEP> 200 <SEP> 2000 <SEP> 16.78 <SEP> 16.33
<tb>
Panel coking attempt
The cleanliness of the lubricating compositions was further determined by this test in which a sample of the oil was sprayed for 8 hours on a weighed aluminum plate heated to 3160 ° C. and the nature and weight of the deposit on the plate noted.
The results are given in Table 6 below. An oil that gives a deposit of no more than 10 mg is considered to be an exceptionally good oil of the type in question. The results are also given for the commercially available oils P, Q, R and S already mentioned here; you can see that oils A, B and C are much cleaner than the commercially available oils.
Table 6
EMI5.3
<tb> <SEP> Weight <SEP> the
<tb> Oil <SEP> Deposition <SEP> Type <SEP> of <SEP> deposition
<tb> <SEP> mg
<tb> A <SEP> 8.0 <SEP> yellow <SEP> varnish <SEP> - <SEP> brown <SEP> stripes
<tb> <SEP> B <SEP> 9.0 <SEP> very <SEP> thin <SEP> golden <SEP> lacquer
<tb> <SEP> C <SEP> 7.0 <SEP> very <SEP> thin <SEP> golden <SEP> lacquer
<tb> <SEP> P <SEP> 79 <SEP> thick <SEP> hard <SEP> black <SEP> coke
<tb> Q <SEP> 82 <SEP> thick <SEP> hard <SEP> black <SEP> coke
<tb> R <SEP> 74 <SEP> thick <SEP> soft <SEP> black <SEP> deposit
<tb> <SEP> S <SEP> 13 <SEP> light brown <SEP> thin <SEP> lacquer
<tb>
Storage trial
The two oils A and B were subjected to a 100-hour storage test, the temperature of the oil being 226.70 ° C. and that of the bearing being 2600 ° C.
Excellent results were obtained with both oils, especially with regard to the cleanliness of the bearing parts after the test, which shows the very low tendency of these oils to form deposits and sludge.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB32740/66A GB1180387A (en) | 1966-07-21 | 1966-07-21 | Synthetic Lubricants for Aero Gas Turbines |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH496080A true CH496080A (en) | 1970-09-15 |
Family
ID=10343304
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1043067A CH496080A (en) | 1966-07-21 | 1967-07-21 | Synthetic lubricants for aero gas turbines |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE701643A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH496080A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1644862B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1180387A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL6710170A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE339064B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3779921A (en) * | 1972-08-21 | 1973-12-18 | Texaco Inc | Synthetic aircraft turbine oil |
| US3779919A (en) * | 1972-08-21 | 1973-12-18 | Texaco Inc | Synthetic aircraft turbine oil |
| US3850824A (en) * | 1973-05-17 | 1974-11-26 | Texaco Inc | Synthetic aircraft turbine oil |
| US4226732A (en) * | 1978-06-30 | 1980-10-07 | Texaco Inc. | Synthetic aircraft turbine oil |
| CN115340895B (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2023-12-22 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Extreme pressure corrosion inhibitor additive composition and preparation method thereof, aircraft engine oil containing the composition |
-
1966
- 1966-07-21 GB GB32740/66A patent/GB1180387A/en not_active Expired
-
1967
- 1967-07-20 DE DE19671644862 patent/DE1644862B1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1967-07-20 BE BE701643D patent/BE701643A/xx unknown
- 1967-07-21 SE SE10744/67*A patent/SE339064B/xx unknown
- 1967-07-21 NL NL6710170A patent/NL6710170A/xx unknown
- 1967-07-21 CH CH1043067A patent/CH496080A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1180387A (en) | 1970-02-04 |
| NL6710170A (en) | 1968-01-22 |
| SE339064B (en) | 1971-09-27 |
| DE1644862B1 (en) | 1971-07-15 |
| BE701643A (en) | 1968-01-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL | Patent ceased |