CH459041A - Process for connecting graphite parts with parts made of silicon carbide, quartz glass or graphite - Google Patents
Process for connecting graphite parts with parts made of silicon carbide, quartz glass or graphiteInfo
- Publication number
- CH459041A CH459041A CH93166A CH93166A CH459041A CH 459041 A CH459041 A CH 459041A CH 93166 A CH93166 A CH 93166A CH 93166 A CH93166 A CH 93166A CH 459041 A CH459041 A CH 459041A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- graphite
- parts
- solder
- silicide
- carbide layer
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
- C04B37/04—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with articles made from glass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/001—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/32—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/327—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C comprising refractory compounds, e.g. carbides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
- C04B37/003—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts
- C04B37/005—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts consisting of glass or ceramic material
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- C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
- C04B37/003—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts
- C04B37/006—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts consisting of metals or metal salts
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/04—Ceramic interlayers
- C04B2237/08—Non-oxidic interlayers
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/04—Ceramic interlayers
- C04B2237/08—Non-oxidic interlayers
- C04B2237/083—Carbide interlayers, e.g. silicon carbide interlayers
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- C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/16—Silicon interlayers
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
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- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
- C04B2237/32—Ceramic
- C04B2237/36—Non-oxidic
- C04B2237/363—Carbon
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- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
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- C04B2237/365—Silicon carbide
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- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/55—Pre-treatments of a coated or not coated substrate other than oxidation treatment in order to form an active joining layer
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- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/60—Forming at the joining interface or in the joining layer specific reaction phases or zones, e.g. diffusion of reactive species from the interlayer to the substrate or from a substrate to the joining interface, carbide forming at the joining interface
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- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/70—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness
- C04B2237/704—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness of one or more of the ceramic layers or articles
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/70—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness
- C04B2237/708—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness of one or more of the interlayers
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- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/72—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least two interlayers directly next to each other
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- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/76—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least one member in the form other than a sheet or disc, e.g. two tubes or a tube and a sheet or disc
- C04B2237/765—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least one member in the form other than a sheet or disc, e.g. two tubes or a tube and a sheet or disc at least one member being a tube
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/80—Joining the largest surface of one substrate with a smaller surface of the other substrate, e.g. butt joining or forming a T-joint
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/84—Joining of a first substrate with a second substrate at least partially inside the first substrate, where the bonding area is at the inside of the first substrate, e.g. one tube inside another tube
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zum Verbinden von Graphitteilen mit Teilen aus Siliziumkarbid, Quarzglas oder Graphit Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verbinden von Graphitteilen mit Teilen aus Silizium karbid, Quarzglas oder Graphit mit Hilfe eines Lotes aus einem Metallsilizid.
Es ist bereits bekannt, dass zwei Kohlenstoffkörper, z.B. aus Graphit miteinander verbunden werden kön nen, indem Silizium bzw. Metallsilizide, wie z.B. Silizide des Molybdäns, Wolframs, Titans, Zirkons, Tantals oder Chroms, in geschmolzenem Zustand unter nicht oxy dierenden Bedingungen zwischen die zu verbindenden Flächen der Körper gebracht werden und anschliessend abgekühlt werden. Die Aufbringung der Metallsilizide bzw. des Siliziums kann entweder durch Tauchen in die Schmelze oder aber auch durch Aufbringen des Lotes in festem Zustand, z.B. in Form einer Suspension, erfol gen. Wird eine solche Verbindungsstelle längere Zeit höheren Temperaturen, z.B. 800 C, ausgesetzt, so tritt eine Reaktion des Metallsilizids mit dem Kohlenstoff zu Siliziumkarbid ein.
Gleichzeitig steigt die Durchläs sigkeit der Verbindungsstelle für Gase derart an, dass eine Verwendung für Zwecke, in denen eine gasdichte Verbindung verlangt wird, nicht mehr infrage kommt.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu grunde, eine gasdichte Verbindung zwischen Graphit teilen und anderen Teilen aus Graphit, Siliziumkarbid oder Quarzglas herzustellen, die auch bei länger dauern der Beanspruchung unter hohen Temperaturen ihre Gasdichtheit beibehält. Derartige Verbindungen werden vor allem benötigt für Reaktorzwecke. Die Verbindung soll zu diesem Zweck bei hohen Temperaturen oxyda- tions- und temperaturwechselbeständig sein.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren der ein gangs beschriebenen Art gelöst, bei dem erfindungsge- mäss die zu verbindenden Graphitflächen vor Auftra- gung des Lotes mit einer diffusionshemmenden Schicht aus Karbiden überzogen werden. Diese Karbidzwischen schicht verhindert eine Reaktion des Metallsilizidlotes mit dem Kohlenstoff, so dass auch bei länger dauernder Hochtemperaturbeanspruchung die Gasdichtheit der Verbindung erhalten bleibt. Ein weiterer Vorteil der Er findung besteht noch darin, dass die Karbidzwischen schicht das Eindringen des geschmolzenen Lotes in die Poren der zu verbindenden Kohlenstoffteile vermindert. Hierdurch wird der Lotverbrauch erheblich herabge setzt.
Als besonders geeignet haben sich Titan-, Zirkon- oder Niobsilizide einzeln oder zu mehreren als Lot er wiesen. Entsprechend besteht die Karbidzwischenschicht vorzugsweise aus Karbiden des Titans, Zirkons, Niobs oder des Siliziums, wiederum einzeln oder zu mehreren.
Die Ausbildung der Karbidzwischenschicht auf der Verbindungsfläche der zu verbindenden Graphitteile er folgt am einfachsten dadurch, dass das entsprechende Metallsilizid auf die Graphitfläche aufgetragen wird und diese hierauf einer Wärmebehandlung unterworfen wird, wobei das Metallsilizid mit dem Kohlenstoff unter Bil dung von Karbiden reagiert. Zweckmässigerweise wird für die Herstellung der Karbidschicht das gleiche Silizid aufgetragen, das im folgenden Arbeitsschritt auch als Lot verwendet wird.
Die Karbidzwischenschicht soll vorzugsweise eine Dicke von 1 bis 40.i, insbesondere 5 bis 25 p und eine Permeabilität von K = 10-7 bis 10-1 cm=/ sec aufweisen.
Zur Herstellung der Verbindungsstelle zwischen den verschiedenen Graphitteilen bzw. den Graphit- und Si liziumkarbid oder Quarzglasteilen hat es sich als zweck- mässig erwiesen, das Metallsilizidlot, ggf. mit einem Zu satz von 50 Gew.% des entsprechenden Metallkarbids, pulverförmig auf die zu verbindende Stelle aufzubringen und dort indirekt kurzzeitig bis zum Schmelzpunkt des Silizid s zu erhitzen.
Die weitere Erläuterung der Erfindung und ihrer Vorteile erfolgt nun anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles. <I>Ausführungsbeispiel</I> Ein Rohr aus ESw-.Graphit mit einem Aussendurch messer von 20 mm und einer Wandstärke von 2 mm sollte durch Auflöten eines Graphitplättchens ebenfalls aus ESw-Graphit dicht verschlossen werden. Solche Röhrchen 1 sind in Fig. 1 und 2 zusammen mit den verschliessenden Graphitplättchen 2 dargestellt. Die zu verbindenden Flächen wurden mit einer Aufschlemmung von Titansilizid in einer 2%igen Polyvinyllösung in Wasser bestrichen und hierauf unter Argonspülung etwa 1 Stunde lang auf 1700 C erhitzt. Hierbei wird das aufgebrachte Titansilizid fast vollständig in Karbid um gewandelt.
Dann wurden die Verschlussplättchen auf einer Seite nochmals mit einer Aufschlemmung von Ti- tansilizid in einer 2%igen Polyvinylwasserlösung be strichen und auf das Rohr 1 aufgesetzt. Nach einer kurzen Trocknung wurden die beiden oberflächlich an einander haftenden Teile unter Argonspülung auf 1600 C erhitzt und 1/2 Minute lang auf dieser Temperatur ge halten. Die Aufheizzeit betrug ca. 1/2 Minute, die Ab kühlzeit ca. 3 Minuten. Die Messung der Permeabilität ergab einen Durchschnittswert von 4,8 X l0-4 cm2/sec. Zur Feststellung der Hochtemperaturfestigkeit der Ver bindung wurden die so verschlossenen Rohre 500 Std. lang unter Argonspülung auf 800 C gehalten.
Eine hier nach vorgenommene Messung der Permeabilität ergab, dass sich diese nicht verändert hatte.
Method for connecting graphite parts to parts made of silicon carbide, quartz glass or graphite The present invention relates to a method for connecting graphite parts to parts made of silicon carbide, quartz glass or graphite with the aid of a solder made from a metal silicide.
It is already known that two carbon bodies, e.g. made of graphite can be connected to one another by using silicon or metal silicides, e.g. Silicides of molybdenum, tungsten, titanium, zirconium, tantalum or chromium are brought in a molten state under non-oxidizing conditions between the surfaces to be connected of the body and are then cooled. The application of the metal silicides or the silicon can either be done by dipping into the melt or by applying the solder in a solid state, e.g. in the form of a suspension. If such a joint is used at higher temperatures for a long time, e.g. If exposed to 800 C, the metal silicide reacts with the carbon to form silicon carbide.
At the same time, the permeability of the connection point for gases increases to such an extent that it can no longer be used for purposes in which a gas-tight connection is required.
The present invention is based on the object to share a gas-tight connection between graphite and other parts made of graphite, silicon carbide or quartz glass, which retains its gas-tightness even with prolonged exposure to high temperatures. Such compounds are required above all for reactor purposes. For this purpose, the connection should be resistant to oxidation and temperature changes at high temperatures.
This object is achieved by a method of the type described at the beginning, in which, according to the invention, the graphite surfaces to be connected are coated with a diffusion-inhibiting layer of carbides before the solder is applied. This intermediate carbide layer prevents the metal silicide solder from reacting with the carbon, so that the connection remains gas-tight even when exposed to long-term high-temperature loads. Another advantage of the invention is that the intermediate carbide layer reduces the penetration of the molten solder into the pores of the carbon parts to be joined. This considerably reduces the amount of solder used.
Titanium, zirconium or niobium silicides have been found to be particularly suitable individually or in groups as solder. Accordingly, the carbide intermediate layer preferably consists of carbides of titanium, zirconium, niobium or silicon, again individually or in groups.
The easiest way to form the intermediate carbide layer on the connecting surface of the graphite parts to be connected is to apply the corresponding metal silicide to the graphite surface and then subject it to a heat treatment, the metal silicide reacting with the carbon to form carbides. The same silicide is expediently applied to produce the carbide layer that is also used as solder in the following work step.
The carbide intermediate layer should preferably have a thickness of 1 to 40.i, in particular 5 to 25 µm and a permeability of K = 10-7 to 10-1 cm = / sec.
To produce the connection point between the various graphite parts or the graphite and silicon carbide or quartz glass parts, it has proven to be useful to apply the metal silicide solder, possibly with an addition of 50% by weight of the corresponding metal carbide, in powder form to the metal to be connected Place and indirectly heat there briefly to the melting point of the silicide.
The invention and its advantages will now be explained further using an exemplary embodiment. <I> Exemplary embodiment </I> A tube made of ESw graphite with an outside diameter of 20 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm should be tightly sealed by soldering on a graphite plate also made of ESw graphite. Such tubes 1 are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 together with the closing graphite platelets 2. The surfaces to be connected were coated with a slurry of titanium silicide in a 2% polyvinyl solution in water and then heated to 1700 ° C. for about 1 hour while flushing with argon. Here, the applied titanium silicide is almost completely converted into carbide.
Then the sealing plates were again coated on one side with a suspension of titanium silicide in a 2% polyvinyl water solution and placed on the tube 1. After a short drying period, the two superficially adhering parts were heated to 1600 C under argon and kept at this temperature for 1/2 minute. The heating time was about 1/2 minute, the cooling time from about 3 minutes. The measurement of the permeability gave an average value of 4.8 × 10-4 cm2 / sec. To determine the high-temperature strength of the connection, the tubes closed in this way were held at 800 ° C. for 500 hours under an argon purge.
A measurement of the permeability carried out here after showed that it had not changed.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DES95148A DE1231151B (en) | 1965-01-25 | 1965-01-25 | Method for joining graphite parts |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH459041A true CH459041A (en) | 1968-06-30 |
Family
ID=7519168
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH93166A CH459041A (en) | 1965-01-25 | 1966-01-24 | Process for connecting graphite parts with parts made of silicon carbide, quartz glass or graphite |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH459041A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1231151B (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1465280A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1109704A (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4382113A (en) | 1981-03-23 | 1983-05-03 | Energy Development Associates, Inc. | Method for joining graphite to graphite |
| DE4116865C2 (en) * | 1991-05-23 | 1994-08-18 | Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik Gmbh | Process for the production of composite bodies coated with silicon carbide and solder material |
| JP5735501B2 (en) * | 2009-07-07 | 2015-06-17 | モーガン・アドヴァンスト・マテリアルズ・アンド・テクノロジー・インコーポレイテッドMorgan Advanced Materials And Technology Inc. | Hard non-oxide or oxide ceramic / hard non-oxide or oxide ceramic composite hybrid seal parts |
| CN116161985B (en) * | 2023-01-12 | 2024-07-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Silicon carbide surface treatment method before welding and welding method of silicon carbide and high temperature alloy |
-
1965
- 1965-01-25 DE DES95148A patent/DE1231151B/en active Pending
-
1966
- 1966-01-24 GB GB3194/66A patent/GB1109704A/en not_active Expired
- 1966-01-24 CH CH93166A patent/CH459041A/en unknown
- 1966-01-25 FR FR47062A patent/FR1465280A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE1231151B (en) | 1966-12-22 |
| GB1109704A (en) | 1968-04-10 |
| FR1465280A (en) | 1967-01-06 |
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