CH344400A - Process for the preparation of polyhydric alcohols, preferably 1,2-propylene glycol, from hexites - Google Patents
Process for the preparation of polyhydric alcohols, preferably 1,2-propylene glycol, from hexitesInfo
- Publication number
- CH344400A CH344400A CH344400DA CH344400A CH 344400 A CH344400 A CH 344400A CH 344400D A CH344400D A CH 344400DA CH 344400 A CH344400 A CH 344400A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- hexites
- propylene glycol
- nickel
- polyhydric alcohols
- cleavage
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 title claims description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 16
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000887 hydrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol Chemical compound OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002402 hexoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung von mehrwertigen Alkoholen, vorzugsweise von 1,2-Propylenglykol, aus Hexiten Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von mehrwertigen Alko holen, vorzugsweise von 1,2-Propylenglykol, durch hydrierende Spaltung von Hexiten.
Es ist bekannt, dass man Hexite, die z. B. durch Reduktion von Hexosen erhalten werden, spaltend hydrieren kann, wobei man verschiedene mehr wertige Alkohole mit weniger als sechs Kohlenstoff atomen erhält. Solche Alkohole sind beispielsweise Glykol, 1,2- und 1,3-Propylenglykol, Glycerin und Erithrit. Die prozentualen Anteile der verschiedenen Spaltprodukte schwanken dabei in weiten Grenzen.
Die Ausbeute an 1,2-Propylenglykol beträgt etwa 211/9 bis höchstens 201/o bei den bekannten Ver fahren zur hydrierenden Spaltung von Hexiten. Da bei werden Drucke von 100-200 atm., Tempera turen von 180-210 C und verschiedene Hydrier- katalysatoren angewendet.
Es wurde nun überraschenderweise gefunden, dass man eine wesentlich höhere Ausbeute z. B. an 1,2-Propylenglykol erhält, wenn man die hydrie rende Spaltung der Hexite bei wesentlich niedrigeren Drucken und in Anwesenheit bestimmter Hydrier- katalysatoren durchführt.
Erfindungsgemäss wird zur Herstellung mehr wertiger Alkohole mit weniger als 6 C-Atome so verfahren, dass man eine angenähert neutrale wässrige Hexitlösung mit einem Katalysator, welcher Kupfer und Nickel enthält, versetzt, und bei einer Tempe ratur von maximal 220 C, vorzugsweise bei 180 bis 210 C, bei einem Wasserstoffdruck von 10 bis 50 atm, insbesondere bei 20-30 atm, hydriert.
Als Hydrier- und Spaltkatalysator eignet sich be- sonders ein Mischkatalysator, der 1-5% Kupfer, 20-241/9 Nickel und 70-80% Magnesiumoxyd als Katalysatorträger enthält.
Solche Katalysatoren werden beispielsweise hergestellt, indem man aus einer wässrigen Lösung, welche Kupfer-, Nickel- und Magnesiumsalze enthält, mittels Oxalsäure die be treffende Metalloxalate ausfällt. Der gewaschene und getrocknete Niederschlag kann dann bei etwa 400 C mit Wasserstoff reduziert werden.
Die Isolierung und Aufarbeitung der Reaktions produkte erfolgt vorteilhaft durch fraktionierte Destillation. Bei Normaldruck wird zweckmässig zu nächst das Wasser abgetrieben, und hierauf erhält man durch Destillation bei vermindertem Druck die verschiedenen Alkoholfraktionen. Im Rückstand be finden sich der Katalysator und unveränderter Hexit. Dieser Rückstand kann zusammen mit frischer Hexit- lösung wieder in das Hydriergefäss gebracht werden, wodurch sich das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren in einfacher Weise kontinuierlich durchführen lässt.
<I>Beispiel 1</I> In einem Autoklaven mit Rührwerk werden 500 cm3 einer 10 %igen wässrigen Sorbitlösung (pli = 7,5) mit 25 g eines Katalysators versetzt, der aus 2 % Kupfer,
23 % Nickel und 75 % Magnesium- oxyd besteht. Nun wird während 10 Stunden bei einer Temperatur von 21011 C und einem Druck von 25 at hydriert.
Nach dem Entspannen und Erkalten des Auto klaven . wird der Inhalt nach dem Abtreiben des Wassers unter vermindertem Druck fraktioniert destilliert. Der Destillationsrückstand enthält neben dem Katalysator noch 17% des eingesetzten Sorbits, der Umsatz beträgt somit 83 0/0.
Die Destillatfrak- tionen bestehen zu 321/9 aus 1,2-Propylenglykol, 2011/o 1,3-Propylenglykol, 10% Glykol und 19% Glycerin. Der Rest (19 %) enthält noch Erithrit. (Die Werte sind Gewichtsprozente,
bezogen auf um gesetzten Sorbit.) <I>Beispiel 2</I> 500 ems einer 10%igen wässrigen Sorbitlösung (pH = 6) werden wie in Beispiel 1, jedoch unter fol genden Reaktionsbedingungen hydriert: 220 C, 25 at, Versuchsdauer 5 Stunden, 25 g Katalysator der gleichen Zusammensetzung wie in Beispiel 1.
Die Aufarbeitung der Reaktionsprodukte ergibt 21% unveränderten Sorbit im Rückstand (Umsatz 79%), in den Destillaten 27% 1,2-Propylenglykol, 30% 1,3-Propylenglykol, 19% Glykol und 18% Glycerin.
Dieses Beispiel zeigt, dass durch Erhöhen der Reaktionstemperatur auf 220 C die Ausbeute an 1,3-Propylenglykol wesentlich steigt.
<I>Beispiel 3</I> 500 cm-' einer 10 %igen wässrigen Sorbitlösung (pH = 8,5) werden wie in den vorigen Beispielen, jedoch unter folgenden Reaktionsbedingungen hy driert:
210 C, 25 atm, Versuchsdauer 10 Stunden, 25 g Katalysator bestehend aus 3% Kupfer, 221/o Nickel und 75% Magnesiumoxyd.
Man erhält 1611(h des eingesetzten Sorbits unver- ändert zurück, der Umsatz beträgt somit 84%. Die fraktionierte Destillation ergibt 27% 1,2- Propylenglykol, 21% 1,3-Propylenglykol,
18% Glykol und 15% Glycerin.
Process for the production of polyhydric alcohols, preferably 1,2-propylene glycol, from hexites The present invention relates to a process for the production of polyhydric alcohols, preferably 1,2-propylene glycol, by hydrotreating hexites.
It is known that one hexites that z. B. can be obtained by reducing hexoses, splitting hydrogenation, obtaining various polyhydric alcohols with fewer than six carbon atoms. Such alcohols are, for example, glycol, 1,2- and 1,3-propylene glycol, glycerine and erithritol. The percentages of the various fission products fluctuate within wide limits.
The yield of 1,2-propylene glycol is about 211/9 to a maximum of 201 / o in the known Ver drive for the hydrogenative cleavage of hexites. Pressures of 100-200 atm., Temperatures of 180-210 C and various hydrogenation catalysts are used.
It has now been found, surprisingly, that a much higher yield z. B. 1,2-propylene glycol is obtained if the hydrie-generating cleavage of the hexites is carried out at significantly lower pressures and in the presence of certain hydrogenation catalysts.
According to the invention, for the production of polyhydric alcohols with less than 6 carbon atoms, the procedure is that an approximately neutral aqueous hexitol solution is mixed with a catalyst which contains copper and nickel, and at a temperature of a maximum of 220 ° C., preferably 180 to 210 C, hydrogenated at a hydrogen pressure of 10 to 50 atm, especially at 20-30 atm.
A mixed catalyst which contains 1-5% copper, 20-241 / 9 nickel and 70-80% magnesium oxide as catalyst support is particularly suitable as the hydrogenation and cleavage catalyst.
Such catalysts are produced, for example, by using oxalic acid to precipitate the metal oxalates in question from an aqueous solution containing copper, nickel and magnesium salts. The washed and dried precipitate can then be reduced at about 400 ° C. with hydrogen.
The reaction products are advantageously isolated and worked up by fractional distillation. At normal pressure the water is expediently driven off first, and then the various alcohol fractions are obtained by distillation under reduced pressure. The residue contains the catalyst and unchanged hexitol. This residue can be returned to the hydrogenation vessel together with fresh hexitol solution, as a result of which the process according to the invention can be carried out continuously in a simple manner.
<I> Example 1 </I> In an autoclave with a stirrer, 500 cm3 of a 10% strength aqueous sorbitol solution (pli = 7.5) are mixed with 25 g of a catalyst composed of 2% copper,
23% nickel and 75% magnesium oxide. Now is hydrogenated for 10 hours at a temperature of 21011 C and a pressure of 25 at.
Clave after the car has relaxed and cooled down. the contents are fractionally distilled under reduced pressure after the water has been driven off. In addition to the catalyst, the distillation residue also contains 17% of the sorbitol used, so the conversion is 83%.
The distillate fractions consist of 321/9 of 1,2-propylene glycol, 2011 / o 1,3-propylene glycol, 10% glycol and 19% glycerine. The rest (19%) still contains erithritol. (The values are percentages by weight,
based on converted sorbitol.) <I> Example 2 </I> 500 ems of a 10% strength aqueous sorbitol solution (pH = 6) are hydrogenated as in Example 1, but under the following reaction conditions: 220 ° C., 25 atm, test duration 5 Hours, 25 g of catalyst of the same composition as in Example 1.
The work-up of the reaction products gives 21% unchanged sorbitol in the residue (conversion 79%), in the distillates 27% 1,2-propylene glycol, 30% 1,3-propylene glycol, 19% glycol and 18% glycerol.
This example shows that by increasing the reaction temperature to 220 ° C., the yield of 1,3-propylene glycol increases significantly.
<I> Example 3 </I> 500 cm- 'of a 10% aqueous sorbitol solution (pH = 8.5) are hydrogenated as in the previous examples, but under the following reaction conditions:
210 C, 25 atm, test duration 10 hours, 25 g of catalyst consisting of 3% copper, 221 / o nickel and 75% magnesium oxide.
1611 (h of the sorbitol used are returned unchanged, the conversion is thus 84%. Fractional distillation gives 27% 1,2-propylene glycol, 21% 1,3-propylene glycol,
18% glycol and 15% glycerin.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH344400T | 1956-04-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH344400A true CH344400A (en) | 1960-02-15 |
Family
ID=4506912
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH344400D CH344400A (en) | 1956-04-28 | 1956-04-28 | Process for the preparation of polyhydric alcohols, preferably 1,2-propylene glycol, from hexites |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH344400A (en) |
-
1956
- 1956-04-28 CH CH344400D patent/CH344400A/en unknown
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