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CA2828168A1 - Process for preparing di-, tri- and polyamines by homogeneously catalyzed alcohol amination - Google Patents

Process for preparing di-, tri- and polyamines by homogeneously catalyzed alcohol amination Download PDF

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CA2828168A1
CA2828168A1 CA2828168A CA2828168A CA2828168A1 CA 2828168 A1 CA2828168 A1 CA 2828168A1 CA 2828168 A CA2828168 A CA 2828168A CA 2828168 A CA2828168 A CA 2828168A CA 2828168 A1 CA2828168 A1 CA 2828168A1
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formula
group
catalyst
reaction
process according
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Thomas Schaub
Boris Buschhaus
Marion Kristina BRINKS
Mathias SCHELWIES
Rocco Paciello
Johann-Peter Melder
Martin Merger
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BASF SE
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    • C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C213/02—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton by reactions involving the formation of amino groups from compounds containing hydroxy groups or etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
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    • B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
    • B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
    • B01J31/181—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine
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    • B01J31/189—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms containing both nitrogen and phosphorus as complexing atoms, including e.g. phosphino moieties, in one at least bidentate or bridging ligand
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    • B01J31/22—Organic complexes
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    • B01J31/2269—Heterocyclic carbenes
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    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C209/04—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups
    • C07C209/14—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups by substitution of hydroxy groups or of etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
    • C07C209/16—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups by substitution of hydroxy groups or of etherified or esterified hydroxy groups with formation of amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
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    • C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D307/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • B01J2231/40—Substitution reactions at carbon centres, e.g. C-C or C-X, i.e. carbon-hetero atom, cross-coupling, C-H activation or ring-opening reactions
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    • B01J2531/02—Compositional aspects of complexes used, e.g. polynuclearity
    • B01J2531/0238—Complexes comprising multidentate ligands, i.e. more than 2 ionic or coordinative bonds from the central metal to the ligand, the latter having at least two donor atoms, e.g. N, O, S, P
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    • B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
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    • B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
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    • B01J2531/827—Iridium
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing primary amines, which contain at least one functional group of the formula (-CH2-NH2) and at least one further primary amino group, by the alcohol amination of reactants, which contain at least one functional group of the formula (-CH2-OH) and at least one further functional group (-X), wherein (-X) is selected from hydroxyl groups and primary amino groups, using ammonia with removal of water, wherein the reaction is carried out in a homogeneously catalyzed manner in the presence of at least one complex catalyst containing at least one element selected from groups 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table and at least one donor ligand.

Description

, CA 02828168 2013-08-23 PF0000071685/MKr , As originally filed Process for preparing di-, tri- and polyamines by homogeneously catalyzed alcohol amination The present invention relates to a process for preparing primary di-, tri- and polyamines by homogeneously catalyzed alcohol amination of di-, tri- and polyols and of alkanolamines having at least one primary hydroxyl group by means of ammonia with elimination of water in the presence of a complex catalyst which comprises at least one element selected from groups 8, 9 and 10 of the Periodic Table and also at least one donor ligand.
Primary amines are compounds which have at least one primary amino group (-NH2).
Primary diamines have two primary amino groups. Primary triamines have three primary amino groups. Primary polyamines have more than three primary amino groups.
Primary amines are valuable products having many different uses, for example solvents, stabilizers, for the synthesis of chelating agents, as starting materials for the production of synthetic resins, inhibitors, surface-active substances, intermediates in the production of fuel additives (US 3,275,554 A, DE 2125039 A and DE 36 11 230 A), surfactants, drugs and crop protection agents, hardeners for epoxy resins, catalysts for polyurethanes, intermediates for the preparation of quaternary ammonium compounds, plasticizers, corrosion inhibitors, synthetic resins, ion exchangers, textile assistants, dyes, vulcanization accelerators and/or emulsifiers.
Primary di- and triamines are at present prepared by heterogeneously catalyzed alcohol amination of primary diols and triols by means of ammonia.
2 Al describes a process for preparing amines by reacting primary or secondary alcohols with ammonia in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst comprising zirconium dioxide and nickel. WO 03/051508 Al relates to a process for aminating alcohols using specific heterogeneous Cu/Ni/Zr/Sn catalysts.
Heterogeneous catalysts comprising nickel oxide, copper oxide, zirconium oxide and molybdenum oxide for the amination of alcohols by means of ammonia and hydrogen are known from EP 0 696 572 Al. In the abovementioned documents, the reactions are carried out at temperatures in the range from 150 to 210 C and ammonia pressures in the range from 30 to 200 bar. However, the undesired monoamination products and cyclic amines such as piperazines, pyrrolidines and morpholines are formed as main products in the heterogeneously catalyzed processes described in the above PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 documents. The desired primary diamines are obtained only in extremely low yields, if at all, in the above-described processes. The abovementioned documents describe, in particular, the reaction of diethylene glycol with ammonia.

o/
NH

Here, monoaminodiethylene glycol and morpholine are obtained as main products.
The desired doubly aminated diaminodiethylene glycol is obtained only in extremely low yields, if at all, in the amination reactions of the abovementioned documents.
The highest yield of diaminodiethylene glycol of 5% is obtained according to WO 03/051508 Al, with 22% of morpholine and 36% of monoaminodiethylene glycol being formed as by-products.
In the amination of diethanolamine by means of ammonia, piperazine is obtained as main product. Here too, the monoamination product and the desired linear diamination product diethylenetriamine are obtained only in traces.

HN NH

In the reaction of. polyetherols, undesired secondary reactions to form the dimeric secondary amine or polymeric coupling products are observed to a substantial extent in the above-described processes for heterogeneously catalyzed amination. These by-products are difficult to separate from the desired primary diamination product.

- n A further problem observed in the heterogeneously catalyzed amination of polyetherols, in particular polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol derivatives, is the decomposition of these ethers under the above-described reaction conditions, since, in particular, the high temperatures and a supporting hydrogen pressure are necessary. Under these reaction conditions, gaseous decomposition products which make specific safety precautions necessary are formed.

PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 The homogeneously catalyzed amination of monoalcohols by means of primary and secondary amines has been known since the 1970s, with ruthenium or iridium catalysts usually being described. The homogeneously catalyzed amination proceeds at significantly lower temperatures of from 100 to 150 C compared to heterogeneously catalyzed reactions. The reaction of monoalcohols with primary and secondary amines is described, for example, in the following publications: US 3,708,539; Y.
Watanabe, Y. Tsuji, Y. Ohsugi, Tetrahedron Lett. 1981, 22, 2667-2670; S. Bahn, S. Imm, K. Mevius, L. Neubert, A. Tillack, J. M. J. Williams, M. Beller, Chem. Eur. J.
2010, DOI:
10.1002/chem.200903144; A. Tillack, D. Hollmann, D. Michalik, M. Beller, Tetrahedron Lett. 2006, 47, 8881-8885; D. Hollmann, S. Bahn, A. Tillack, M. Beller, Angew.
Chem.
mt. Ed. 2007, 46, 8291-8294; A. Tillack, D. Hollmann, K. Mevius, D. Michalik, S. Bahn, M. Beller, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 4745-4750; M. H. S. A. Hamid, C. L. Allen, G. W. Lamb, A. C. Maxwell, H. C. Maytum, A. J. A. Watson, J. M. J. Williams, J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 1766-1774; 0. Saidi, A. J. Blacker, M. M. Farah, S. P. Marsden, J. M. J. Williams, Chem. Commun. 2010, 46, 1541-1543; A.
Tillack, D. Hollmann, D. Michalik, M. Beller, Tet. Lett. 2006, 47, 8881-8885; A. Del Zlotto, W. Baratta, M. Sandri, G. Verardo, P. Rigo, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2004, 524-529;
A. Fujita, Z. Li, N. Ozeki, R. Yamaguchi, Tetrahedron Lett. 2003, 44, 2687-2690;
Y. Watanabe, Y. Morisaki, T. Kondo, T. Mitsudo J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 4214-4218, B. Blank, M. Madalska, R. Kempe, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2008, 350, 749-750, A.
Martinez-Asencio, D. J. Ramon, M. Yus, Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51, 325-327. The greatest disadvantage of the above-described systems is that only the amination of monoalcohols by means of primary and secondary amines is possible using these processes. The reaction of alcohols with ammonia, which represents the economically most attractive amination reaction, is not described in these studies.
The amination of diols by means of secondary amines using homogeneous iridium and ruthenium catalysts to form amino alcohols and linear diamines having tertiary amino groups has been described, for example, in EP 239 934; J. A. Marsella, J. Org.
Chem.
1987, 52, 467-468; US 4,855,425; K.-T. Huh, Bull. Kor. Chem. Soc. 1990, 11, 45-49; N.
Andrushko, V. Andrushko, P. Roose, K. Moonen, A. BOrner, ChemCatChem, 2010, 2, 640-643 and S. Bahn, A. Tillack, S. Imm, K. Mevius, D. Michalik, D. Hollmann, L.
Neubert, M. Beller, ChemSusChem 2009, 2, 551-557. In these studies, the amination is carried out at 100-180 C.
J. A. Marsella, J. Organomet. Chem. 1991, 407, 97-105 and B. Blank, S.
Michlik, R.
Kempe, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2009, 351, 2903-2911; G. Jenner, G. Bitsi, J. Mol.
Cat, 1988, 45, 165-168; Y. Z. Youn, D. Y. Lee, B. W. Woo, J. G. Shim, S. A. Chae, S. C.
Shim, J. Mol. Cat, 1993, 79, 39-45; K. I. Fujita, R. Yamaguchi, Synlett, 2005, 4, 560-571; K.I. Fujii, R. Yamaguchi, Org. Lett. 2004, 20, 3525-3528; K. I.
Fujita, K.

PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 Yamamoto, R. Yamaguchi, Org. Lett. 2002, 16, 2691-2694; A. Nova, D. Balcells, N. D.
Schley, G. E. Dobereiner, R. H. Crabtree, 0. Eisenstein, Organometallics DOI:
10.1021/om101015u; and M. H. S. A. Hamid, C. L. Allen, G. W. Lamb, A. C.
Maxwell, H. C. Maytum, A. J. A. Watson, J. M. J. Williams, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 1766-1774 and 0. Saidi, A. J. Blacker, G. W. Lamb, S. P. Marsden, J. E.
Taylor, J. M.
J. Williams, Org. Proc. Res. Dev. 2010, 14, 1046-1049 describe the amination of diols and of alkanolamines by means of primary amines using homogeneously dissolved ruthenium- and iridium-based transition metal catalysts. However, the cyclic compounds and not the desired linear diamines are formed here. The economically attractive amination of diols by means of ammonia to form primary amines is not possible using these systems.
S. Imm, S. Bahn, L. Neubert, H. Neumann, M. Beller, Angew. Chem. 2010, 122, 8306 and D. Pingen, C. Muller, D. Vogt, Angew. Chem. 2010, 122, 8307-8310 describe the amination of secondary alcohols such as cyclohexanol with ammonia which is homogeneously catalyzed by ruthenium catalysts. EP 0 320 269 A2 discloses the palladium-catalyzed amination of primary allyl monoalcohols by means of ammonia to form primary allylamines. WO 2010/018570 and C. Gunanathan, D. Milstein, Angew.
Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 8661-8664 describe the amination of primary monoalcohols by means of ammonia to form primary monoamines with the help of ruthenium-phosphane complexes. The amination of primary di-, tri- and polyols is not described in these studies.
R. Kawahara, K.I. Fujita, R. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. DOI:
10.1021/ja107274w describe the amination of primary monoalcohols and triols by means of ammonia using an iridium catalyst which has Cp* (1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) and ammonia as ligands. However, the reaction of primary monoalcohols with ammonia using the catalyst system described there gives exclusively the undesired tertiary amines. The reaction of glycerol with ammonia leads exclusively to the undesired bicyclic quinolizidine.
EP 0 234 401 Al describes the reaction of diethylene glycol with ammonia in the presence of a ruthenium carbonyl compound. In the process described in EP 0 234 401 Al, merely the monoamination product (monoethanolamine), the secondary and tertiary amines (diethanolamine and triethanolamine) and cyclic products (N-(hydroxyethyl)piperazine and N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)piperazine) are formed. The desired 1,2-diethanolamine is not obtained in this process.
All the above-described processes for the reaction of diols and triols have the disadvantage that, as main products, the undesired secondary, tertiary and cyclic PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 amines are formed. In some cases minor amounts of monoamination products such as alkanolamines are also formed. The desired primary diamines, triamines and polyamines are not accessible by this route.
5 It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for preparing primary di-, tri-and polyamines by alcohol amination of di-, tri- and polyols and of alkanolamines by means of ammonia with elimination of water.
The object is achieved by a process for preparing primary amines which have at least one functional group of the formula (-CH2-NH2) and at least one further primary amino group by alcohol amination of starting materials having at least one functional group of the formula (-CH2-0H) and at least one further functional group (-X), where (-X) is selected from among hydroxyl groups and primary amino groups, by means of ammonia with elimination of water, wherein the reaction is carried out homogeneously catalyzed in the presence of at least one complex catalyst comprising at least one element selected from groups 8, 9 and 10 of the Periodic Table and also at least one donor ligand, in particular a phosphorus donor ligand.
It has surprisingly been found that primary di-, tri- and oligoamines can be obtained by the homogeneously catalyzed amination of diols, triols and polyols and also alkanolamines by means of ammonia with elimination of water using the complex catalysts which are used in the process of the invention and comprise at least one element selected from groups 8, 9 and 10 of the Periodic Table and also at least one donor ligand, in particular a phosphorus donor ligand. The process of the invention has the advantage that it gives primary di-, tri- and polyamines in considerably improved yields compared to the processes described in the prior art. In addition, the formation of undesired by-products such as secondary and tertiary amines and also cyclic amines is largely suppressed.
Starting materials In the process of the invention, starting materials having at least one functional group of the formula (-CH2-0H) and at least one further functional group (-X), where (-X) is selected from among hydroxy groups and primary amino groups, are used.
In a further embodiment, starting materials in which (-X) is selected from among functional groups of the formulae (¨CH2-0H) and (-CH2-NH2) are used in the process of the invention. The starting materials then have at least one functional unit of the formula (-CH2-0H) and at least one further functional unit selected from among functional units of the formulae (¨CH2-0H) and (-CH2-NH2).

PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 Suitable starting materials are virtually all alcohols which meet the abovementioned prerequisites. The alcohols can be straight-chain, branched or cyclic. The alcohols can also bear substituents which are inert under the reaction conditions of the alcohol amination, for example alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino and halogens (F, Cl, Br, I).
Suitable starting materials which can be used in the process of the invention are, for example, dials, triols, polyols and alkanolamines, which have at least one functional group of the formula (-CH2-0H) and at least one further functional group (-X) where (-X) is selected from hydroxyl groups and primary amino groups.
In addition, diols, triols, polyols and alkanolamines which have at least one functional unit of the formula (-CH2-0H) and at least one further functional unit selected from among functional units of the formula (-CH2-0H) and (-CH2-NH2) are suitable.
As starting materials, it is possible to use all known diols which have at least one functional group of the formula (-CH2-0H). Examples of diols which can be used as starting materials in the process of the invention are 1,2-ethanediol (ethylene glycol), 1,2-propanediol (1,2-propylene glycol), 1,3-propanediol (1,3-propylene glycol), 1,4-butanediol (1,4-butylene glycol), 1,2-butanediol (1,2-butylene glycol), 2,3-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-dimethy1-1,3-propanediol (neopentyl glycol), 1,5-pentanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,2-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,2-nonanediol, 2,4-dimethy1-2,5-hexanediol, the neopentyl glycol ester of hydroxypivalic acid, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 2-butene-1,4-diol, 2-butyne-1,4-diol, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols such as 1,2-polypropylene glycol and 1,3-polypropylene glycol, polytetrahydrofuran (polytetramethylene glycol), diethanolamine, 1,4-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine, diisopropanolamine, 2,5-(dimethanol)-furan, 1,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)-cyclohexane, N-butyldiethanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, 1,10-decanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol and C36-diol (mixture of isomers of alcohols having the empirical formula C36E17402)-Another name for 2,5-(dimethanol)-furan is 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-furan.
Preference is given to diols having two functional groups of the formula (-CH2-0H).
Particularly preferred diols are 2-ethanediol (ethylene glycol), 1,2-propanediol (1,2-propylene glycol), 1,3-propanediol (1,3-propylene glycol), 1,4-butanediol (1,4-butylene glycol), 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-dimethy1-1,3-propanediol PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 (neopentyl glycol), 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, polytetrahydrofuran, diethanolamine, 1,10-decanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, 2,5-(dimethanol)-furan and C36-diol (mixture of isomers of alcohols having the stoichiometric formula C36H7402).
As diols, greatest preference is given to ethylene glycol, diethanolamine, polytetrahydrofuran, diethylene glycol, 2,5-(dimethanol)-furan and 1,4-butanediol.
As starting materials, it is possible to use all known triols which have at least one functional group of the formula (¨CH2-0H). Examples of triols which can be used in the process of the invention are glycerol, trimethylolpropane and triethanolamine.
Preference is given to triols which have at least two functional groups of the formula (-CH2-0H).
Very particularly preferred triols are glycerol, trimethylolpropane and triethanolamine.
It is possible to use all known polyols which have at least one functional group of the formula (-CH2-0H) as starting materials. Examples of polyols which can be used as starting materials in the process of the invention are 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (pentaerythritol), sugars and polymers such as glucose, mannose, fructose, ribose, deoxyribose, galactose, fucose, rhamnose, sucrose, lactose, cellobiose, maltose and amylose, cellulose, xanthan and polyvinyl alcohols.
Preference is given to polyols which have at least two functional groups of the formula (-CH2-0H).
All known alkanolamines which have at least one primary hydroxyl group (-CH2-0H) and at least one primary amino group (-NH2) can be used as starting materials.
Examples of alkanolamines which can be used as starting materials in the process of the invention are monoaminoethanol, 3-aminopropan-1-ol, 2-aminopropan-1-ol, 4-aminobutan-1-ol, 2-aminobutan-1-ol, 3-aminobutan-1-ol, 5-aminopentan-1-ol, 2-aminopentan-1-ol, 6-aminohexan-1-ol, 2-aminohexan-1-ol, 7-aminoheptan-1-ol, 2-aminoheptan-1-ol, 8-aminooctan-1-ol, 2-aminooctan-1-ol, N-(2-aminoethyl)ethanol-amine, monoaminodiethylene glycol (2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol), N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3-propanediamine and 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-1-propanol.
Preference is given to alkanolamines which have at least one primary hydroxyl group (-CH2-0H) and at least one primary amino group of the formula (-CH2-NH2).

PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 Very particularly preferred alkanolamines are monoaminoethanol, monoaminodiethylene glycol (2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol), 2-aminopropan-1-ol, 3-aminopropan-1-ol and 4-aminobutan-1-ol.
Complex catalyst In the process of the invention, at least one complex catalyst comprising at least one element selected from groups 8, 9 and 10 of the Periodic Table (IUPAC
nomenclature) and also at least one donor ligand is used. The elements of groups 8, 9 and 10 of the Periodic Table comprise iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum. Preference is given to complex catalysts which comprise at least one element selected from among ruthenium and iridium.
In one embodiment, the process of the invention is carried out homogeneously catalyzed in the presence of at least one complex catalyst of the general formula (I):
\R
""H

(I) where L1 andL2 are each, independently of one another, phosphine (RRaRb), amine (NRaRb), sulfide, SH, sulfoxide (S(=0)R), C5-C10-heteroaryl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among nitrogen (N), oxygen (0) and sulfur (S), arsine (AsRaRb), stibane (SbRaRb) and N-heterocyclic carbenes of the formula (II) or (III):

¨NN77N¨R5 ¨NN7N¨R5 = = = =
L3 is a monodentate two-electron donor selected from the group consisting of carbon monoxide (CO), PRaRbRc, NO, ASRaRbRc, SbRaRbRc, SRaRb, nitrile (RCN), isonitrile (RNC), nitrogen (N2), = PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 , phosphorus trifluoride (PF3), carbon monosulfide (CS), pyridine, thiophene, tetrahydrothiophene and N-heterocyclic carbenes of the formula (II) or (III);
R1 and R2 are both hydrogen or together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound form a phenyl ring which together with the quinolinyl unit of the formula I forms an acridinyl unit;
R, Ra, Rb, Rb, R3, R4 and R5 are each, independently of one another, unsubstituted or at least monosubstituted C1-C10-alkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-heterocycly1 comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S, C5-C10-aryl or C5-C10-heteroaryl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S, where the substituents are selected from the group consisting of:
F, Cl, Br, OH, CN, NH2 and C1-C10-alkyl;
Y is a monoanionic ligand selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, I, OCOR, OCOCF3, OSO2R, OSO2CF3, CN, OH, OR and N(R)2 or an uncharged molecule selected from the group consisting of NH3, N(R)3 and R2NSO2R;
X' represents one, two, three, four, five, six or seven substituents on one or more atoms of the acridinyl unit or one, two, three, four or five substituents on one or more atoms of the quinolinyl unit, where the radicals X1 are selected independently from the group consisting of hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, NH2, NO2, -NC(0)R, C(0)NR2, -0C(0)R, -C(0)0R, CN and borane derivatives which can be obtained from the catalyst of the formula (I) by reaction with NaBH4 and unsubstituted or at least monosubstituted C1-C10-alkoxy, C1-C10-alkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-heterocycly1 comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S, C5-C10-aryl and C5-C10-heteroaryl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S, where the substitutents are selected from the group consisting of:
F, Cl, Br, OH, CN, NH2 and C1-C10-alkyl;

= PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 , and M is iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium or platinum.

It should be pointed out here that the complex catalyst of the formula (I) bears a positive charge when Y is an uncharged molecule selected from the group consisting of NH3, NR3, R2NSO2R and M is selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, nickel, palladium, platinum and iron.
In a preferred embodiment, the process of the invention is carried out in the presence of at least one homogeneously dissolved complex catalyst of the formula (I), where the substituents have the following meanings:
L1 and L2, are each, independently of one another, PRaRb, NRaRb, sulfide, SH, S(=0)R, C5-C10-heteroaryl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S;
L3 is a monodentate two-electron donor selected from the group consisting of CO, PRaRbRb, NO, RCN, RNC, N2, PF3, CS, pyridine, thiophene and tetrahydrothiophene;
R1 and R2 are both hydrogen or together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound form a phenyl ring which together with the quinolinyl unit of the formula (I) forms an acridinyl unit;
R, Ra, Rb, c, I-K¨ R3, R4 and R5 are each, independently of one another, unsubstituted Cy-Cm-alkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-heterocycly1 comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S, C5-C10-aryl or C5-C10-heteroaryl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S;
Y is a monoanionic ligand selected from the group consisting of H, F, CI, Br, OCOR, OCOCF3, OSO2R, OSO2CF3, CN, OH, OR and N(R)2;
X1 represents one, two, three, four, five, six or seven substituents on one or more atoms of the acridinyl unit or one, two, three, four or five substituents on one or more atoms of the quinolinyl unit, where X1 is selected independently from the group consisting of = PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, NH2, NO2, -NC(0)R, C(0)NR2, -OC(0)R, -C(0)OR, ON and borane derivatives which can be obtained from the catalyst of the formula (I) by reaction with NaBH4 and unsubstituted 01-010-alkoxy, 01-C10-alkyl, 03-010-cycloalkyl, 03-010-heterocycly1 comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S, 05-010-aryl and 05-010-heteroaryl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S;
and M is ruthenium or iridium.
In a further preferred embodiment, the process of the invention is carried out in the presence of at least one homogeneously dissolved complex catalyst where R1 and are both hydrogen and the complex catalyst is a catalyst of the formula (IV):
xi, (4"."--.' (iv) and X1, Ll, L2, L3 and Y are as defined above.
In a further preferred embodiment, the process of the invention is carried out in the presence of at least one homogeneously dissolved complex catalyst where R1 and together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound form a phenyl ring which together with the quinolinyl unit of the formula (I) forms an acridinyl unit and the complex catalyst is a catalyst of the formula (V):
xi \
101 ./ 11101 N

Ll-----%T----------L2 y (V) PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 and X1, L1, L2, L3 and Y are as defined above.
Some complex catalysts (formulae (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI), (XII) and (XIII)) which can be used in the process of the invention are shown by way of example below:

' PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 xl x' \

N'''''\,,.
N
1 /H Ra 1 /H
-.._ Ra a, R
.-......_ ---7-----/ Ra-...__------7(1--------,p,/
/ OC I \ Rb/ OC I
Y \
Rb Y Rb Rb (VI) (VII) xl \ xl N
N='-''\., I /H
Ra N___---7y-----,__p/ Ra I /H
/ OC I \ Ra......_ ¨/-y-----., p,.../ Ra Rb Y
Rb / OC I \
Rb Y Rb (VIII) (IX) xl xl \

1.1 / 0 N

Ra I /H /
Rb OC \ Rb / OC \
Y Y
Rb Rb (X) (XI) xl xl \

N N
I /H
Ra 1 /H ,., ,Ra Ra...._._ ---7Nr-- / Ra.-.... NTN /
/ OC \ / OC
\
Rb Y Rb Y
Rb Rb (Xii) (XIII) PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 In a further preferred embodiment, the process of the invention is carried out in the presence of at least one complex catalyst selected from the group of catalysts of the formulae (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI), (XII) and (XIII), where Ra and Rb are each, independently of one another, unsubstituted or at least nnonosubstituted C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-heterocycly1 comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S, C5-C10raryl or C5-C10-heteroaryl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S, where the substituents are selected from the group consisting of: F, Cl, Br, OH, CN, NH2 and C1-C10-alkyl;
is a monoanionic ligand selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, OCOR, OCOCF3, OSO2R, OSO2CF3, ON, OH, OR, N(R)2;
is unsubstituted or at least monosubstituted C1-C10-alkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-heterocycly1 comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S, C5-C10-aryl, C5-C10-heteroaryl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S, where the substituents are selected from the group consisting of: F, CI, Br, OH, CN, NH2 and C1-C10-alkyl;
X1 represents one, two or three substituents on one or more atoms of the acridinyl unit or one or two substituents on one or more atoms of the quinolinyl unit, where the radicals X1 are selected independently from the group consisting of hydrogen, F, CI, Br, I, OH, NH2, NO2, -NC(0)R, C(0)NR2, -0C(0)R, -C(0)0R, ON and borane derivatives which can be obtained from the catalyst of the formula (I) by reaction with NaBH4 and unsubstituted C1-C10-alkoxy, C1-C10-alkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-heterocycly1 comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S, C5-C10-aryl and C5-C10-heteroaryl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S;
and is ruthenium or iridium.
In a further preferred embodiment, the process of the invention is carried out in the PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 presence of at least one complex catalyst selected from the group consisting of catalysts of the formulae (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI), (XII) and (XIII), where Ra and Rb are each, independently of one another, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, 5 cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, phenyl or mesityl;
is a monoanionic ligand selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, OCOCH3, OCOCF3, OSO2CF3, CN and OH;
10 X1 is a substituent on an atom of the acridinyl unit or a substituent on an atom of the quinolinyl unit, where X1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, F, CI, Br, OH, NH2, NO2, -NC(0)R, C(0)NR2, -0C(0)R, -C(0)0R, CN and borane derivatives which 15 can be obtained from the catalyst of the formula (I) by reaction with NaBH4 and unsubstituted C1-C10-alkoxy, C1-C10-alkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-heterocycly1 comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S, C5-C10-aryl and C5-C10-heteroaryl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S;
is ruthenium or iridium.
In a further preferred embodiment, the process of the invention is carried out in the presence of at least one complex catalyst from the group consisting of the catalysts of the formulae (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI), (XII) and (XIII), where Ra and Rb are each, independently of one another, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, phenyl or mesityl;
Y is a monoanionic ligand selected from the group consisting of H, F, CI, Br, I, OCOCH3, OCOCF3, OSO2CF3, CN and OH;
X1 is hydrogen;
and is ruthenium or iridium.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, L3 is carbon monoxide (CO).

. PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 In a particularly preferred embodiment, the process of the invention is carried out in the presence of a complex catalyst of the formula (XlVa):

N

CI
,,,,,/, \ : K
(XlVa) In a further particularly preferred embodiment, the process of the invention is carried out in the presence of a complex catalyst of the formula (XIVb):

N

0.,p ----/Rr o b oc c, (XIVb) In a very particularly preferred embodiment, the process of the invention is carried out in the presence of a complex catalyst of the formula (XIVb).
In a further particularly preferred embodiment, the process of the invention is carried out in the presence of at least one homogeneously dissolved complex catalyst of the=
formula (XV) in which R1, R2, R3, L1, L2 and L3 are as defined above.
H., H

\
HI
N--....Ei H
(xV) . PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 Complex catalysts of the formula (XV) can be obtained by reacting catalysts of the formula (I) with sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The reaction proceeds according to the general reaction equation:
xi xilt.HR, \R \
NaBH4 D. 4101 N N----- =
/
L.1-------/RiuL2 LI------/R1uL2 0 L.3 Y H
In a further particularly preferred embodiment, the process of the invention is carried out in the presence of a complex catalyst of the formula (XVIa):
11101,1-1, s,,,,, H
r._:_p X OC I
H
(XVIa) In a further particularly preferred embodiment, the process of the invention is carried out in the presence of a complex catalyst of the formula (XVI b):

N
o1/1 P OC/ I
ci (XIVb) b The borane derivative of the formula (XVIa) can be obtained according to the following reaction equation:

PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 H H
Na13114 (I Equivalent) 2h Room temperature I H
I
CI
OC
The borane derivative of the formula (XVIb) can be obtained according to the following reaction equation:
H
NaBH4 (1 Equivalent), io H

2h Room temperature I ----P
= OC
o For the purposes of the present invention, the term C1-C10-alkyl refers to branched, unbranched, saturated and unsaturated groups. Preference is given to alkyl groups having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms (C1-C6-alkyl). Greater preference is given to alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms (C1-C4-alkyl).
Examples of saturated alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, amyl and hexyl.
Examples of unsaturated alkyl groups (alkenyl, alkynyl) are vinyl, allyl, butenyl, ethynyl and propynyl.
The CI-Cm-alkyl group can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, hydroxy (OH), C1-C10-alkoxy, aryloxy, C6-C10-alkylaryloxy, C6-C10-heteroaryloxy comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0, S, oxo, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, phenyl, C6-C10-heteroaryl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0, S, C6-C10-heterocycly1 comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0, S, naphthyl, amino, C1-C10-alkylamino, C6-C10-arylamino, C6-C10-heteroarylamino comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0, S, C1-C10-dialkylamino, C10-C12-diarylamino, PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 C10-C20-alkylarylamino, C1-C10-acyl, C1-C10-acyloxy, NO2, C1-C10-carboxy, carbamoyl, carboxamide, cyano, sulfonyl, sulfonylamino, sulfinyl, sulfinylamino, thiol, Ci-Clo-alkylthiol, C5-C10-arylthiol and C1-C10-alkylsulfonyl.
For the present purposes, the term C3-C10-cycloalkyl refers to saturated, unsaturated monocyclic and polycyclic groups. Examples of C3-C10-cycloalkyl are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or cycloheptyl. The cycloalkyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents as have been defined above for the C1-C10-alkyl group.
For the purposes of the present invention, C5-C10-aryl is an aromatic ring system having from 5 to 10 carbon atoms. The aromatic ring system can be monocyclic or bicyclic. Examples of aryl groups are phenyl, naphthyl such as 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl. The aryl group can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents as defined above under C1-C10-alkyl.
For the purposes of the present invention, C5-C10-heteroaryl is a heteroaromatic system comprising at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, 0 and S.
The heteroaryl groups can be monocyclic or bicyclic. When the nitrogen is a ring atom, the present invention also comprises N-oxides of the nitrogen-comprising heteroaryls.
Examples of heteroaryls are thienyl, benzothienyl, 1-naphthothienyl, thianthrenyl, fury!, benzofuryl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl, purinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinolinyl, acridinyl, naphthyridinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, piperidinyl, carbolinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl. The heteroaryl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents defined above under C1-C10-alkyl.
For the purposes of the present invention, the term C3-C10-heterocycly1 refers to five- to ten-membered ring systems comprising at least one heteroatom from the group consisting of N, 0 and S. The ring systems can be monocyclic or bicyclic.
Examples of suitable heterocyclic ring systems are piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, pyranyl, thiopyranyl, piperazinyl, indolinyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrothiophenyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, dihydropyranyl and tetrahydropyranyl.
Alcohol amination The homogeneous catalysts can be produced either directly in their active form or only under the reaction conditions from customary precursors with addition of the appropriate ligands. Customary precursors are, for example, [Ru(p-cymene)C12]2, PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 [Ru(benzene)C12], [Ru(C0)2C12], [Ru(C0)3C12]2 [Ru(COD)(allyI)], [RuCI3*H20], [Ru(acetylacetonate)3], [Ru(DMS0)4C12], [Ru(PPh3)3(C0)(H)CI], [Ru(PPh3)3(CO)C12], [Ru(PPh3)3(C0)(H)2], [Ru(PPh3)3C12], [Ru(cyclopentadienyl)(PPh3)2C1], [Ru(cyclopentadienyl)(C0)2C1], [Ru(cyclopentadienyl)(C0)2F1], 5 [Ru(cyclopentadienyl)(C0)2]2, [Ru(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)(C0)2C1], [Ru(penta-methylcylcopentadienyl)(C0)2F1], [Ru(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)(C0)2h, [Ru(indenyl)(C0)2C1], [Ru(indenyl)(C0)2H], [Ru(indenyl)(CO)2]2, ruthenocene, [Ru(binap)Cl2], [Ru(bipyridine)2Cl2*2H20], [Ru(COD)C12]2, [Ru(pentamethylcyclo-pentadienyl)(COD)C1], [Ru3(C0)12], [Ru(tetraphenylhydroxycyclopentadienyl)(C0)21-1], 10 [Ru(PMe3)4(H)2], [Ru(PEt3)4(H)2], [Ru(PnPr3)4(H)2], [Ru(PnBu3)4(H)2], [Ru(PnOcty13)4(H)2], [IrCI3*H20], KIrCI4, K3IrC16, [Ir(COD)C1]2, [Ir(cyclooctene)2C1]2, [I r(ethene)2C1]2, [I r(cyclopentadienyl)C12]2, [I
r(pentamethylcyclopentadieny0C12]2, [Ir(cylopentadienyl)(C0)2], [Ir(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)(C0)21, [Ir(PPh3)2(C0)(H)l, [Ir(PPh3)2(C0)(C1)], [I r(PPh3)3(C1)].
For the purposes of the present invention, homogeneously catalyzed means that the catalytically active part of the complex catalyst is at least partly present in solution in the liquid reaction medium. In a preferred embodiment, at least 90% of the complex catalyst used in the process is present in solution in the liquid reaction medium, more preferably at least 95%, particularly preferably more than 99%; the complex catalyst is most preferably entirely present in solution in the liquid reaction medium (100%), in each case based on the total amount in the liquid reaction medium.
The amount of the metal component of the catalyst, preferably ruthenium or iridium, is generally from 0.1 to 5000 ppm by weight, in each case based on the total liquid reaction medium.
The reaction occurs in the liquid phase, generally at a temperature of from 20 to 250 C.
The process of the invention is preferably carried out at temperatures in the range from 100 C to 200 C, particularly preferably in the range from 110 to 160 C.
The reaction can generally be carried out at a total pressure of from 0.1 to 20 MPa absolute, which can be either the autogenous pressure of the solvent at the reaction temperature or the pressure of a gas such as nitrogen, argon or hydrogen. The process of the invention is preferably carried out at a total pressure in the range from 0.5 to 10 MPa absolute, particularly preferably at a total pressure in the range from 1 to 6 MPa absolute.
The average reaction time is generally from 15 minutes to 100 hours.

PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 The aminating agent (ammonia) can be used in stoichiometric, substoichiometric or superstoichiometric amounts based on the hydroxyl groups to be aminated.
In a preferred embodiment, ammonia is used in a from 1- to 250-fold, preferably a from 2-to 100-fold, in particular in a from 1.5- to 10-fold, molar excess per mole of hydroxyl groups to be reacted in the starting material. Higher excesses of ammonia are also possible.
The process of the invention can be carried out either in a solvent or without solvent.
Suitable solvents are polar and nonpolar solvents which can be used in pure form or in mixtures. For example, it is possible to use only one nonpolar or one polar solvent in the process of the invention. It is also possible to use mixtures of two or more polar solvents or mixtures of two or more nonpolar solvents or mixtures of one or more polar solvents with one or more nonpolar solvents. The product can also be used as solvent, either in pure form or in mixtures with polar or nonpolar solvents.
Suitable nonpolar solvents are, for example, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons such as hexane, heptane, octane, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene and mesitylene and linear and cyclic ethers such as THF, diethyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, MTBE
(tert-butyl methyl ether), diglyme and 1,2-dimethoxyethane. Preference is given to using toluene, xylene or mesitylene.
Suitable polar solvents are, for example, water, dimethylformamide, formamide, tert-amylalcohol, tert-butanol and acetonitrile. Preference is given to using water. The water can either be added before the reaction, be formed as water of reaction during the reaction or be added after the reaction in addition to the water of reaction.
A further preferred solvent is tert-amylacohol. Preferred is a mixture of tert-amylalcohol and water.
To carry out the reaction in the liquid phase, ammonia, the at least one functional group of the formula (-CH2-0H) and at least one further functional group of the formula (-X) having starting material, optionally together with one or more solvents, together with the complex catalyst are introduced into a reactor.
The introduction of ammonia, starting material, optionally solvent and complex catalyst can be carried out simultaneously or separately. The reaction can be carried out continuously, in the semibatch mode, in the batch mode, admixed in product as solvent or without admixing in a single pass.
It is in principle possible to use all reactors which are basically suitable for gas/liquid = . PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 reactions at the given temperature and the given pressure for the process of the invention. Suitable standard reactors for gas/liquid reaction systems and for liquid/liquid reaction systems are, for example, indicated in K.D. Henkel, "Reactor Types and Their Industrial Applications", in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, DOI: 10.1002/14356007.b04_087, chapter 3.3 "Reactors for gas-liquid reactions". Examples which may be mentioned are stirred tank reactors, tube reactors or bubble column reactors.
In the amination reaction, at least one primary hydroxyl group (-CH2-0H), of the starting material is reacted with ammonia to form a primary amino group (-CH2-NH2), with in each case one mole of water of reaction being formed per mole of reacted hydroxyl group.
Thus, the reaction of alkanolamines having only one primary hydroxyl group (-CH2-0H) forms the corresponding diamines. The reaction of monoaminoethanol thus leads to the corresponding 1,2-diaminoethane.
In the reaction of starting materials which have not only the functional group of the formula (-CH2-0H) but also a further hydroxyl group (diols), both hydroxyl groups are reacted with ammonia to form the corresponding primary diamines. The reaction of 1,2-ethylene glycol thus leads to the corresponding 1,2-diaminoethane. The reaction of 2,5-(dimethanol)-furan thus leads to 2,5-bis(aminomethyl)-furan.
In the reaction of starting materials which have not only the functional group of the formula (-CH2-0H) but also two further hydroxyl groups (triols), two or three hydroxyl groups are reacted with ammonia to form the corresponding primary diamines or triamines. The formation of diamines or triamines can be controlled by the amount of ammonia used and by the reaction conditions. The reaction of glycerol thus leads to the corresponding 1,2-diaminopropanol or to 1,2,3-triaminopropane.
In the reaction of starting materials which have not only the functional group of the formula (-CH2-0H) but also more than three further hydroxyl groups (polyols), two, three or more hydroxyl groups are reacted with ammonia to form the corresponding primary diamines, triamines or polyamines. The formation of the corresponding primary diamines, triamines or polyamines can be controlled by the amount of ammonia used and by the reaction conditions.
The reaction output formed in the reaction generally comprises the corresponding amination products, the one or more solvents if used, the complex catalyst, possibly unreacted starting materials and ammonia and also the water of reaction formed.

PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 Any excess ammonia present, any solvent present, the complex catalyst and the water of reaction are removed from the reaction output. The amination product obtained can be worked up further. The excess ammonia, the complex catalyst, any solvent or solvents and any unreacted starting materials can be recirculated to the amination reaction.
If the amination reaction is carried out without solvent, the homogeneous complex catalyst is dissolved in the product after the reaction. This can remain in the product or be separated off therefrom by a suitable method. Possibilities for separating off the catalyst are, for example, scrubbing with a solvent which is not miscible with the product and in which the catalyst dissolves better than in the product as a result of a suitable choice of the ligands. The catalyst concentration in the product is optionally reduced by multistage extraction. As extractant, preference is given to using a solvent which is also suitable for the target reaction, e.g. toluene, benzene, xylenes, alkanes such as hexanes, heptanes and octanes and acyclic or cyclic ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran, which can after concentration by evaporation be reused together with the extracted catalyst for the reaction. It is also possible to remove the catalyst by means of a suitable absorbent. The catalyst can also be separated off by adding water to the product phase if the reaction is carried out in a solvent which is immiscible with water. If the catalyst in this case dissolves preferentially in the solvent, it can be separated off with the solvent from the aqueous product phase and optionally be reused. This can be brought about by selection of suitable ligands. The resulting aqueous diamines, triamines or polyamines can be used directly as technical-grade amine solutions. It is also possible to separate the amination product from the catalyst by distillation.
If the reaction is carried out in a solvent, the latter can be miscible with the amination product and be separated off by distillation after the reaction. It is also possible to use solvents which have a miscibility gap with the amination products or the starting materials. Suitable solvents for this purpose are, for example, toluene, benzene, xylenes, alkanes such as hexanes, heptanes and octanes and acyclic or cyclic ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, tert-amylalcohol and dioxane. As a result of suitable choice of the phosphine ligands, the catalyst preferentially dissolves in the solvent phase, i.e. in the phase not comprising product. The phosphine ligands can also be selected so that the catalyst dissolves in the amination product. In this case, the amination product can be separated from the catalyst by distillation.
The product may also be used as solvent. The solvent can also be miscible with the starting materials and the product under the reaction conditions and only form a second , PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 liquid phase comprising the major part of the catalyst after cooling. As solvents which display this property, mention may be made by way of example of toluene, benzene, xylenes, alkanes such as hexanes, heptanes and octanes. The catalyst can then be separated off together with the solvent and be reused. The product phase can also be admixed with water in this variant. The proportion of the catalyst comprised in the product can subsequently be separated off by means of suitable absorbents such as polyacrylic acid and salts thereof, sulfonated polystyrenes and salts thereof, activated carbons, montmorillonites, bentonites and zeolites or else be left in the product.
The amination reaction can also be carried out in a two-phase system. In the case of the two-phase reaction, suitable nonpolar solvents are, in particular, toluene, benzene, xylenes, alkanes such as hexanes, heptanes and octanes in combination with lipophilic phosphine ligands on the transition metal catalyst, as a result of which the transition metal catalyst accumulates in the nonpolar phase. In this embodiment, in which the product and the water of reaction and any unreacted starting materials form a second phase enriched with these compounds the major part of the catalyst can be separated off from the product phase by simple phase separation and be reused.
If volatile by-products or unreacted starting materials or the water formed in the reaction or added after the reaction to aid the extraction are undesirable, they can be separated off from the product without problems by distillation.
It can also be advantageous for the water formed in the reaction to be removed continuously from the reaction mixture. The water of reaction can be separated off from the reaction mixture directly by distillation or as azeotrope with addition of a suitable solvent (entrainer) and using a water separator or be removed by addition of water-withdrawing auxiliaries.
The addition of bases can have a positive effect on product formation.
Suitable bases which may be mentioned here are alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkaline metal alkoxides, alkaline earth metal alkoxides, alkali metal carbonates and alkaline earth metal carbonates, of 0.01 to 100 molar equivalents, based on the metal catalyst used, can be used.
The present invention further provides for the use of a complex catalyst comprising at least one element selected from groups 8, 9 and 10 of the Periodic Table and also at least one donor ligand for the homogeneously catalyzed preparation of primary amines which have at least one functional group of the formula (-CH2-NH2) and at least one further primary amino group by alcohol amination of starting materials having at least one functional group of the formula (-CH2-0H) and at least one further functional group = PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 (-X), where (-X) is selected from among hydroxyl groups and primary amino groups, by means of ammonia.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides for the use of a 5 homogeneously dissolved complex catalyst of the general formula (I):
V-,R1 I /H
(I) where I: and L2 are each, independently of one another, PRaRb, NRaRb, sulfide, SH, S(0)R, C5-C10-heteroaryl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S, AsRaRb, SbRaRb and N-heterocyclic carbenes of the formula (II) or (III):
-N
R3 Ni7,NR4 5 R3 = =
(II) L3 is a monodentate two-electron donor selected from the group consisting of CO, PRaRbRc, NO, AsRaRbRc, SbRaRbRc, SRaRb, RCN, RNC, N2, PF3, CS, pyridine, thiophene, tetrahydrothiophene and N-heterocyclic carbenes of the formula ll or Ill;
R1 and R2 are both hydrogen or together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound form a phenyl ring which together with the quinolinyl unit of the formula I forms an acridinyl unit;
R, Ra, Rb, Rc, R3, R4, and R5 are each, independently of one another, unsubstituted or at least monosubstituted C1-C10-alkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-heterocycly1 comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S, C5-C10-aryl or C5-C10-heteroaryl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 =

S, where the substituents are selected from the group consisting of:
F, Cl, Br, OH, CN, NH2 and C1-C10-alkyl;
is a monoanionic ligand selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, I, OCOR, OCOCF3, OSO2R, OSO2CF3, CN, OH, OR and N(R)2 or an uncharged molecule selected from the group consisting of NH3, N(R)3 and R2NSO2R;
X' represents one, two, three, four, five, six or seven substituents on one or more atoms of the acridinyl unit or one, two, three, four or five substituents on one or more atoms of the quinolinyl unit, where the radicals X' are selected independently from the group consisting of hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, NH2, NO2, -NC(0)R, C(0)NR2, -0C(0)R, -C(0)0R, CN and borane derivatives which can be obtained from the catalyst of the formula I by reaction with NaBH4 and unsubstituted or at least monosubstituted C1-C10-alkoxy, C1-C10-alkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-heterocycly1 comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S, C5-C10-aryl and C5-C10-heteroaryl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S, where the substituents are selected from the group consisting of:
F, Cl, Br, OH, CN, NH2 and C1-C10-alkyl;
and M is iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium or platinum, for the homogeneously catalyzed preparation of primary amines which have at least one functional group of the formula (-CH2-NH2) and at least one further primary amino group by alcohol amination of starting materials having at least one functional group of the formula (-CH2-0H) and at least one further functional group (-X), where (-X) is selected from among hydroxyl groups and primary amino groups, by means of ammonia, where the definitions and preferences described above for the process of the invention apply to the catalyst of the general formula (I).

PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of a homogeneously dissolved complex catalyst of the general formula (XV):
H

00\ R
H ,H R

(xv) where L1 and L2 are each, independently of one another, PRaRb, NRaRb, sulfide, SH, S(=0)R, C5-C10-heteroaryl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S, AsRaRb, SbRaRb or N-heterocyclic carbenes of the formula (II) or (III):
(4 R3 ¨(R
DJ.¨NNN¨R5 = =
(II) (III) L3 is a monodentate two-electron donor selected from the group consisting of CO, PRaRbRc, NO, ASRaRbRc, SbRaRbRc, SRaRb, RCN, RNC, N2, PF3, CS, pyridine, thiophene, tetrahydrothiophene and N-heterocyclic carbenes of the formula (II) or (III);
R1 and R2 are both hydrogen or together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound form a phenyl ring which together with the quinolinyl unit of the formula (I) forms an acridinyl unit;
R, Ra, Rb, Rc, R3, R4 and R5 are each, independently of one another, unsubstituted or at least monosubstituted C1-C10-alkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-heterocycly1 comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S, C5-C10-aryl or C5-C10-heteroaryl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S, = PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 where the substituents are selected from the group consisting of:
F, Cl, Br, OH, ON, NH2 and 01-010-alkyl;
Y is a monoanionic ligand selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, I, OCOR, 0000F3, OSO2R, OSO2CF3, ON, OH, OR and N(R)2 or uncharged molecules selected from the group consisting of NH3, N(R)3 and R2NSO2R;
X1 represents one, two, three, four, five, six or seven substituents on one or more atoms of the acridinyl unit or one, two, three, four or five substituents on one or more atoms of the quinolinyl unit, where the radicals X1 are selected independently from the group consisting of hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, NH2, NO2, -NC(0)R, C(0)NR2, -0C(0)R, -C(0)0R, ON and borane derivatives which can be obtained from the catalyst of the formula I by reaction with NaBH4 and unsubstituted or at least monosubstituted 01-010-alkoxy, C1-C10-alkyl, 03-C10-cycloalkyl, 03-C10-heterocycly1 comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S, O5-C-aryl and 05-C10-heteroaryl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S, where the substituents are selected from the group consisting of:
F, CI, Br, OH, ON, NH2 and 01-010-alkyl;
and M is iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium or platinum, for the homogeneously catalyzed preparation of primary amines which have at least one functional group of the formula (-0H2-NH2) and at least one further primary amino group by alcohol amination of starting materials having at least one functional group of the formula (-CH2-0H) and at least one further functional group (-X), where (-X) is selected from among hydroxyl groups and primary amino groups, by means of ammonia, where the definitions and preferences described above for the process of the invention apply to the catalyst of the general formula I.
The invention is illustrated by the following examples without being restricted thereto.

PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 Examples General method for the catalytic amination of alcohols by means of ammonia according to the invention Catalyst complex XlVb (for preparation, see below, weighed out under an inert atmosphere), solvent (such an amount that the total solvent volume is 50 ml) and the alcohol to be reacted were placed under an argon atmosphere in a 160 ml Parr autoclave (stainless steel V4A) having a magnetically coupled inclined blade stirrer (stirring speed: 200-500 revolutions/minute). The indicated amount of ammonia was introduced at room temperature either in precondensed form or directly from the pressurized NH3 gas bottle. If hydrogen was used, this was effected by iterative differential pressure metering. The steel autoclave was electrically heated to the temperature indicated and heated for the time indicated while stirring (500 revolutions/minute) (internal temperature measurement). After cooling to room temperature, venting the autoclave and outgassing the ammonia at atmospheric pressure, the reaction mixture was analyzed by GC (30m RTX5 amine 0.32 mm 1.5 pm). Purification of the particular products can, for example, be carried out by distillation. The results for the amination of 1,4-butanediol (table 1a, 1 b), diethylene glycol (table 2) and monoethylene glycol (table 3), 2,5-furandimethanol (table 4), alkyldiols (table 5), 1,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)-cyclohexane (table 6) and aminoalcohols (table 7) are given below.
Synthesis of the catalyst complex XlVb PCy2 ,Br HPCy2 \ [RuHCI(C0)(PPh3)31 / \ N Br PCy2 N \
Me0H Toluene o CO \
XlVb a) Synthesis of 4,5-bis(dicyclohexylphosphinomethyl)acridine A solution of 4,5-bis(bromomethyl)acridine1 (5.2 g, 14.2 mmol) and dicyclohexylphosphine (8.18 g, 36.8 mmol) in 65 ml of anhydrous, degassed methanol was heated at 50 C under an inert argon atmosphere for 66 hours. After cooling to room temperature, triethylamine (5.72 g, 56.7 mmol) was added and the mixture was PF0000071685/MKr CA 02828168 2013-08-23 stirred for 1 hour. Evaporation of the solvent gave a whitish yellow solid in a red oil.
Extraction by means of 3 x 40 ml of MTBE and concentration of the filtrate gave a reddish brown oil (1H NMR: mixture of product & HPCy2). Taking up in a little warm MTBE followed by addition of ice-cooled methanol resulted in precipitation of a yellow, 5 microcrystalline solid. Oscillation and drying under reduced pressure gave air sensitive 4,5-bis(dicyclohexylphosphinomethyl)acridine (2.74 g, 33%) as a yellow powder.

1H NMR (360.63 MHz, d8-toluene): 6 [ppm] = 8.07 (s, 1H, H9), 7.91 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H, Ar-H), 7.42 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H, Ar-H), 7.21 (dd, J = 8.3 Hz, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H, Ar-H), 3.89 (bs, 4H, -CH2-P), 1.96-1.85 (m, 8H, Cy-H), 1.77-1.54 (m, 20H, Cy-H), 1.26-1.07 (m, 10 16H, Cy-H). 31P{1H} NMR (145.98 MHz, d8-toluene): 6 [ppm] = 2.49 (s, -CH2-P(Cy)2).
b) Synthesis of the catalyst complex XlVb 4,5-bis(dicyclohexylphosphinomethyl)acridine (1855 mg, 3.1 mmol) and 15 [RuHCI(C0)(PPh3)3]2 (2678 mg, 2.81 mmol) were heated at 70 C in 80 ml of degassed toluene for 2 hours. The resulting dark brown solution was evaporated to dryness, the residue was slurried in 3 x 20 ml of hexane and isolated by filtration. Drying under reduced pressure gave the catalyst complex XlVb (1603 mg, 75%) as an orange-brown powder. 1H NMR (360.63 MHz, d8-toluene): 6 [ppm] = 8.06 (s, 1H, H9), 7.43 (d, J =
20 7.6 Hz, 2H, Ar-H), 7.33 (d, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H, Ar-H), 7.06-7.02 (m, 2H, Ar-H), 5.02 (d, J =
11.9 Hz, 2H, -CHH-PCy2), 3.54 (d, J = 12.2 Hz, 2H, -CHH-PCy2), 2.87 (bs, 2H, -P(C.H(CH2)5)2), 2.54 (bs, 2H, -P(CbH(CH2)5)2), 2.18 (bs, 2H, Cy-H), 1.88-1.85 (m, 8H, Cy-H), 1.65 (bs, 6H, Cy-H), 1.42-1.35 (m, 14H, Cy-H), 1.17-0.82 (m, 12H, Cy-H), -16.29 (t, J = 19.1 Hz, 1H, Ru-H). 31P{1H} NMR (145.98 MHz, d8-toluene): 6 [ppm] =
25 60.89 (s, -CH2-P(CY)2).
[1] J. Chiron, J.P. Galy, Synlett, 2003, 15.
[2] Literature instructions: Inorganic Syntheses 1974, 15, 48. See also: T.
Joseph, S. S.
Deshpande, S. B. Halligudi, A. Vinu, S. Ernst, M. Hartmann, J. Mol. Cat. (A) 2003, 206, 30 13-21.

BASF SE INV0071685/MKr PF0000071685/MKr -Table la: Reaction of 1,4-butanediol L J L J
NH, Ho,.___, NH, 4. H2N N H2 4.N N
H
a b c Reaction Selectivity n No') Solvent T 1 C] Time NH3 d pressure Further condition Conversion [h] [eqr) a b c [bar]
I.) cc I.) 1 Toluene 155 12 6 44 0.2 mol% of KOtBu 43.3 60.1 12.1 18.7 CO
H
Ol 2 Toluene 155 12 6 -41 1.0 mol% of KOtBu 37.0 61.9 11.4 18.7 0 I.) 3 Toluene 155 24 9 51 87.0 50.3 14.8 30.8 0 H
LO
I
4 Toluene 155 60 6 57 5 bar of H2 injected58.7 62.2 18.8 18.3 0 cold I.) u.) p-Xylene 180 12 6 -51 - 100.0 0.6 51.0 43.6 6 p-Xylene 180 12 6 47 5.0 mol% of water 99.9 0.7 46.7 ' 48.6 a) conditions unless indicated otherwise: 50 ml of solvent, batch size 25 mmol of 1,4-butanediol, 0.1 mol% of catalyst complex XlVb (per alcohol group), b) evaluation by GC (% by area), c) product selectivity determined by GC, d) molar equivalents of NH3 per OH
function on the substrate =
BASF SE INV0071685/MKr PF0000071685/MKr Table lb: Reaction of 1,4-butanediol L ) L J
NH3 Ho +,...,,. H2N N H2 + N N

a b c Solvent T Time NH3 Reaction- Further Conversion Selectivity CI
b) No.a) (waterfree) rC] [h] [eq]d) pressure [bar]
conditions a) a b c [oi]
I'M [Vo] rol n 1 Toluol 155 12 6 46,1 0,2 mol% KOH (aq, 20%) 59.25 59.14 16.42 19.89 0 I.) 2 Toluol 155 15 6 42,0 -- 96.06 17.90 14.20 62.10 co I.) 3 Toluol 155 24 6 40,2 -- 98.92 8.60 20.38 64.91 CO
H
al 4 Toluol 180 2 6 52,7 -- 91.52 36.35 25.76 35.39 co I.) Toluol 180 9 6 48,0 -- 100.00 0.12 19.90 73.67 0 H
6 Toluol 180 12 6 69,7 5 bar H2 94.19 30.09 37.23 31.62 u.) 7 Toluol 180 12 6 81,9 10 bar H2 89.85 36.24 35.41 27.66 co 8 Dioxane 180 12 6 44,3 -- 100.00 1.15 23.79 71.23 I.) u.) 9 THE 180 12 6 46,9 -- 100.00 0.00 17.03 77.33 THE 180 12 9 62,3 -- 100.00 0.00 20.16 71.30 11 THE 180 12 6 71,7 5 bar H2 99.87 2.41 26.28 67.55 a) condition unless indicated otherwise: 50 ml solvent, batch size 25 mmol 1,4-butanediol; b) evaluation by GC (% by area), c) product selectivity determined by GC; d) molar equivalents NH3 per OH
function on the substrate; e) mol% based on the OH functions on the substrate BASF SE INV0071685/MKr PF0000071685/MKr =

Table 2a: Reaction of diethylene glycol NH3 /--\
HO .,.,-,.cs..---..,,OH ----3". HO ,.--..o ---..,,õ NH, + H2N o.-----,,,,NH, + 0 NH
a b - c Time NH3 Reaction Further Conversion b) Selectivity N0a) Solvent T [ C]
[h] [eq]d) pressure [bar] conditions a b c n 1 Toluene 155 12 6 40 79.0 51.4 23.8 12.9 0 I.) 2 Toluene 155 12 6 43 82.4 55.3 20.1 10.9 0 I.) 3 Toluene 155 12 6 42 0.2 mol% of KOtBu 69.8 41.8 31.9 14.3 H
Ol CO
4 Toluene 155 12 6 43 1.0 mol% of KOtBu 60.4 44.7 25.8 14.8 I.) Toluene 155 60 6 58 5 bar of H2 66.5 57.1 31.0 9.9 H
LO
I
6 p-Xylene 155 12 6 38 1.0 mol% of water 77.5 52.9 21.6 16.9 0 7 p-Xylene 155 12 6 41 5 mol% of water 84.0 49.0 21.1 12.8 I.) u.) 8 p-Xylene 155 15 6 46 77.5 49.1 23.7 13.1 9 p-Xylene 155 24 6 44 96.3 17.0 48.6 19.9 p-Xylene 155 24 6 53 1.0 mol% of water 84.6 51.8 20.8 12.9 11 p-Xylene 180 12 6 50 100.0 0.4 46.1 27.9 12 p-Xylene 180 12 6 50 5 mol% of H20 100.0 0.4 48.2 27.4 a) conditions unless indicated otherwise: 50 ml of solvent, batch size 25 mmol of diethylene glycol, 0.1 mol% of catalyst complex XlVb (per alcohol group); b) evaluation by GC (% by area); c) product selectivity determined by GC; d) molar equivalents of NH3 per OH function on the substrate; f) batch size 35 mmol of diethylene glycol in 70 ml of solvent =
BASF SE INV0071685/MKr PF0000071685/MKr Table 2b: Reaction of diethylene glycol NH3 /--\
HO ,...õ...---Ø.--,...,...õOH -10- HO ,,,------o.---..,, NH2 + H2N o -----..,... NH2 +

\____/
a b c Solvent Catalyst T Time [h] NH3 Reaction Further Conversion Selectivity `) n No.a) (waterfree) [ C] [eq]d) pressure (bar) conditions e) b) a b c [0,0]
rye] rya] rd .
"
.
i co 1 Toluol XlVb 155 12 2,0 12.3 83.52 37.60 13.93 25.58 N) co 2 Toluol XlVb 155 12 6 40,9 0,2 mol% KOH (aq, 20%) 73.94 39.35 37.29 15.28 H
0) CO
3 Toluol XlVb 155 24 6 43,6 97.31 18.10 36.58 21.66 I.) 4 Toluol XlVb 155 15 6 45,7 0.05 mol% XlVb 95.97 17.66 40.46 26.67 0 H
5 Toluol XlVb 155 12 6 65,5 5 bar H2 61.84 69.16 18.61 8.01 u.) 6 Toluol XlVb 155 12 6 36,0 25 g t-Butanol, 25 ml Toluol 86.90 44.98 26.76 15.52 co 7 Toluol XlVb 165 12 6 45,1 98.22 12.52 40.92 21.86 I.) u.) ' 8 Toluol XlVb 170 12 6 45,7 99.81 4.39 43.66 26.02 9 Toluol XlVb 180 2 6 47,2 0,2 mol% XlVb 95.81 19.45 41.17 19.87 Toluol XlVb 180 9 6 45,5 100.00 0.75 39.21 29.46 11 Toluol XlVb 180 12 6 37,7 100.00 0.00 32.75 38.67 12 Toluol XlVb 180 12 6 69,7 5 bar H2 96.05 20.68 54.70 16.64 13 Toluol XlVb 180 12 6 75,6 10 bar H2 86.11 35.73 47.22 13.77 14 Dioxane XlVb 155 12 6 38,0 68.17 65.02 20.29 9.21 Dioxane XlVb 180 12 6 34,1 99.66 4.65 40.23 34.65 16 THE XlVb 155 12 6 41,0 70.97 54.46 19.41 11.95 17 THF XlVb 155 12 9 51,9 81.65 53.75 23.60 13.51 BASF SE INV0071685/MKr PF0000071685/MKr 18 THE XlVb 180 12 6 49,1 100.00 0.00 42.48 41.98 19 Toluol XlVa 155 12 6 40,7 68.02 69.62 9.60 9.52 20 Toluol XlVa 155 24 6 42,1 77.16 43.54 20.09 15.10 a) conditions unless indicated otherwise: 50 ml of solvent, batch size 25 mmol of diethylene glycol, 0.1 mol% of catalyst complex XlVa or XlVb (per alcohol group);
b) evaluation by GC (% by area); c) product selectivity determined by GC; d) molar equivalents of NH3 per OH function on the substrate; e) mor/o based on the OH function on the substrate (-) co co co CO

BASF SE INV0071685/MKr PF0000071685/MKr =

Table 3a: Reaction of MEG (monoethylene glycol) HO
,OH NH3HO
OH NH, H2tr\ /NH2 + HOH
' ' 4.
a b c Reaction Selectivity T Time NH3 Further Noal Solvent ,, pressure Conversion 1)) [ C] [h] [eqr) [bar] conditions a b c n I.) 1 Toluene 155 12 6 42 0.2 mol /0 of KOtBu ' 62.9 47.5 25.0 0.5 0 I.) 2 Toluene 155 12 6 41 1 mor/0 of KOtBu ' 75.9 39.9 26.8 0.3 H
Ol CO
3 Toluene 155 12 6 44 . 19.3 48.3 21.8 0.6 I.) 4 Toluene 155 12 6 42 17 eq. of water 21.6 55.6 36.4 0.0 H
u.) i a) conditions unless indicated otherwise: 50 ml of solvent, batch size 25 mmol of monoethylene glycol, 0.1 mol /0 of catalyst 0 co complex XlVb (per alcohol group), b) evaluation by GC (% by area), c) product selectivity determined by GC, d) molar equivalents i iv u.) of NH3 per OH function on the substrate ' BASF SE INV0071685/MKr PF0000071685/MKr -Table 3b: Reaction of MEG (monoethylene glycol) HO

HO
--õoH ...õNFI, + HzwNH, + HOH
a b c Solvent catalyst T Time [h] NH3 Reaction Further Conversion Selectivity n NO.a) (waterfree) [ C] [eq]d) pressure (bar) conditions e) b) a b c 0 I.) [y0]
rki [0/] [cm co i, CO
H
1 Toluol XlVb 155 12 6 39.8 0.2 mol% KOH (aq, 20%) 59.98 41.02 22.73 12.92 c7, co 2 Toluol XlVb 180 12 6 46.8 - 94.72 11.00 19.72 44.48 I.) 3 Toluol XlVb 180 12 6 47.4 1 mol% KOtBu 100.00 0.66 21.17 49.04 H
u.) 4 Toluol XlVb 180 12 6 66.1 5 bar H2 85.23 15.49 26.30 45.17 1 5 p-Xylol XlVb 155 24 6 45.8 - 45.78 43.94 18.28 0.22 co I.) 6 THE XlVb 155 12 6 41.7 2 mol% KOtBu 56.85 47.52 18.66 1.98 u.) 7 THE XlVb 180 12 6 47.2 - 88.49 10.02 22.50 46.63 8 Toluol XlVa 180 24 6 28.0 - 100.00 6.39 11.51 60.53 9 Toluol XlVa 155 12 6 40.8 1 mol% KOtBu 50.47 52.84 19.81 4.31 a) conditions unless indicated otherwise: 50 ml of solvent, batch size 25 mmol of monoethylene glycol, 0.1 mol% of catalyst complex XlVa or XlVb (per alcohol group);
b) evaluation by GC (% by area); c) product selectivity determined by GC; d) molar equivalents of NH3 per OH function on the substrate; e) mol% based on the OH
functions on the substrate BASF SE INV0071685/MKr PF0000071685/MKr =

Tabelle 4: Reaction of 2,5-furandimethanol \ 0/ OH H2N \ oi NH2 +
\ 0/
a b Selectivity Solvent Catalyst T
Time NH3 Reaction Conversion c) 0 N
CO
Pressure I.) No.a) (waterfree) rci [h] [eq]d) [bar] 12) a b CO
H
0) [ok]
ro] [IN CO
N

H
1 THF XlVb 140 21 6 35,2 100.00 0.40 96.36 u.) 2 THF XlVb 150 6 6 38,8 100.00 7.14 87.75 0 co 3 THF XlVb 150 12 6 40,4 100.00 0.27 84.44 ' I.) 4 THE XlVb 150 18 6 37,1 100.00 0.31 94.15 u.) 5 t-amylalcohol XlVb 140 9 6 31,4 99.59 9.55 84.97 6 t-amylalcohol XlVb 150 5 6 37,1 100.00 2.70 90.10 7 t-amylalcohol XlVb 150 18 6 37,9 100.00 0.00 95.60 a) conditions unless indicated otherwise: 50 ml of solvent, batch size 25 mmol of 2,5-furandimethanol, 0.1 mol% of catalyst complex XlVb (per alcohol group); b) evaluation by GC ( /0 by area); c) product selectivity determined by GC; d) molar equivalents of NH3 per OH function on the substrate BASF SE INV0071685/NIKr PF0000071685/MKr -Table 5: Reaction of alkyldiols H
HO

(21F1 _____________________________________________________________ w H0NH2 +
H2NNH2 + 9 - n n - n n a b C
n=1 bis 34 Solvent catalyst T Time NH3 Reaction Conversion Selectivity n No.a) Alcohol (waterfree) [ C] [h] [eq]d) pressure b) a b c . [bar] [Vo]
[0/0] [70] [%]1..) .

1..) CO
H
1 1,3-propanediol Toluol XlVb 135 12 6 41.1 99.73 8.95 35.79 0) co 2 1,5-pentanediol Toluol XlVb 180 12 6 44.1 80.51 58.26 19.24 15.13 1..) 3 1,6-hexanediol Toluol XlVb 155 12 6 34.0 100.00 1.14 91.38 0.51 0 H
u..) 4e) 1,9-nonanediol THF XlVb 150 24 6 15.0 97.70 10.60 74.60 o1 1,10-decanediol Toluol XlVb 155 12 6 44.3 95.19 1.36 93.25 co 1..) 6 C36-diol THF XlVb 155 12 6 38.2 Amine number (AZ) 0:197 u..) AZ (primary amines): 196 AZ (secondary Amines) <1 AZ (tertiary amines): 1 a) conditions unless indicated otherwise: 50 ml of solvent, batch size 25 mmol of alkyldiol, 0.1 mol% of catalyst complex XlVb (per alcohol group); b) evaluation by GC ( /0 by area); c) product selectivity determined by GC; d) molar equivalents of NH3 per OH function on the substrate; e) batch size: 50 mmol 1,9-nonanediol in a 100 ml autoclave;
f) definition of amine number (AZ), see Thieme ROmpp Chemielexikon , ' BASF SE INV0071685/MKr PF0000071685/MKr Table 6: Reaction of 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane +

a b _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________ Solvent Catalyst T Time NH3 Reaction- Conversion Selectivity c) n No.a) Alcohol (waterfree) [*C] [h] [eq]d) pressure b) a b 0 I.) [bar] (%1 rid rol 0 I.) _ CO
H

1 1,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane THE XlVb 155 12 6 45.5 100.00 0.63 94.35 co I.) H
CA
I
a) 50 ml solvent, 25 mmol 1,4-(bishydroxymethyl)cyclohexane, 0,1 mol% catalyst complex XlVb (per alcohol group); 0 co b) evaluation by GC (')/0 by area); c) product selectivity determined by GC;
d) molar equivalents NH3 per OH function on the substrate 1 I\) u.) BASF SE INV0071685/MKr PF0000071685/MKr =

Table 7: Reaction of am-alkanol amines N

X

H 2N \ /
N
x, H
N
a b H
X = (CH2)1-3, C2H4OCH2 r) iv Solvent catalyst T Time NH3 Reaction Conversion Selectivity c) op I.) No.a) Alcohol (waterfree) [ C] [h] [eq]d) pressure b) a b CO
H
, [bar]
rid [ /0] roi c7, op I.) 1 3-aminopropane-1-ol Toluol XlVb 135 12 6 35.2 45.54 46.98 H
CA
I
2 e) 4-aminobutane-1-ol THF XlVb 180 12 6 24.8 77.21 9.48 85.24 0 3 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol Toluol XlVb 155 15 6 41.7 41.01 50.29 24.58 1 I.) 4 monoaminoethanol Toluol XlVb 155 15 6 42.3 72.86 69.39 12.28 u.) monoaminoethanol Toluol XlVb 180 12 6 71.5 95.92 66.17 19.25 a) conditions unless indicated otherwise: 50 ml of solvent, batch size 25 mmol of alkanol amine, 0.1 mol% of catalyst complex XlVb (per alcohol group);
b) evaluation by GC ( /0 by area); c) product selectivity determined by GC, d) molar equivalents of NH3 per OH function on the substrate; e) batch size: 50 mmol in 300 ml-autoclave

Claims (14)

1. A process for preparing primary amines which have at least one functional group of the formula (-CH2-NH2) and at least one further primary amino group by alcohol amination of starting materials having at least one functional group of the formula (-CH2-OH) and at least one further functional group (-X), where (-X) is selected from among hydroxyl groups and primary amino groups, by means of ammonia with elimination of water, wherein the reaction is carried out homogeneously catalyzed in the presence of at least one complex catalyst comprising at least one element selected from groups 8, 9 and 10 of the Periodic Table and also at least one donor ligand, wherein the complex catalyst is a catalyst of the formula I:
where L1 and L2 are each, independently of one another, PR a R b, NR a R b, sulfide, SH, S(=O)R, C5-C10-heteroaryl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, O and S, AsR a R b, SbR a R b and N-heterocyclic carbenes of the formula ll or III:
L3 is a monodentate two-electron donor selected from the group consisting of CO, PR a R b R e, NO+, AsR a R b R b, SbR a R b R c, SR a R b, RCN, RNC, N2, PF3, CS, Pyridine, thiophene, tetrahydrothiophene and N-heterocyclic carbenes of the formula ll or Ill;

R1 and R2 are both hydrogen or together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound form a phenyl ring which together with the quinolinyl unit of the formula I forms an acridinyl unit;
R, R a, R b, R c, R3, R4 and R5 are each, independently of one another, unsubstituted or at least monosubstituted C1-C10-alkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-heterocyclyl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, O and S, C5-C10-aryl or C5-C10-heteroaryl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, O and S, where the substituents are selected from the group consisting of:
F, CI, Br, OH, CN, NH2 and C1-C10-alkyl;
Y is a monoanionic ligand selected from the group consisting of H, F, CI, Br, I, OCOR, OCOCF3, OSO2R, OSO2CF3, CN, OH, OR and N(R)2 or an uncharged molecule selected from the group consisting of NH3, N(R)3 and R2NSO2R;
X1 represents one, two, three, four, five, six or seven substituents on one or more atoms of the acridinyl unit or one, two, three, four or five substituents on one or more atoms of the quinolinyl unit, where the radicals X1 are selected independently from the group consisting of hydrogen, F, CI, Br, I, OH, NH2, NO2, -NC(O)R, C(O)NR2, -OC(O)R, -C(O)OR, CN and borane derivatives which can be obtained from the catalyst of the formula I by reaction with NaBH4 and unsubstituted or at least monosubstituted C1-C10-alkoxy, C1-C10-alkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-heterocyclyl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, O and S, C5-C10-aryl and C5-C10-heteroaryl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, O and S, where the substitutents are selected from the group consisting of:
F, CI, Br, OH, CN, NH2 and C1-C10-alkyl;
and M is iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium or platinum.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein R1 and R2 are both hydrogen and the complex catalyst is a catalyst of the formula (IV):
and X1, L1, L2, L3 and Y are as defined in claim 2.
3. The process according to claim 1, wherein R1 and R2 together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound form a phenyl ring which together with the quinolinyl units of the formula I forms an acridinyl unit and the complex catalyst is a catalyst of the formula (V):
and X1, L1, L2, L3 and Y are as defined in claim 2.
4. The process according to claim 1, wherein the complex catalyst is selected from the group of catalysts of the formulae (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI), (XII) and (XIII):

and X1, R a, R b and Y are as defined in claim 2.
5. The process according to claim 1, wherein the complex catalyst is a catalyst of the formula (XIVa):
6. The process according to claim 1, wherein the complex catalyst is a catalyst of the formula (XIVb):
7. The process according to claim 1, wherein the complex catalyst is a catalyst of the formula (XV):
where L1 and L2 are each, independently of one another, PR a R b, NR a R b, sulfide, SH, S(=0)R, C5-C10-heteroaryl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S, AsRaRb, SbRaRb or N-heterocyclic carbenes of the formula (II) or (III):
L3 is a monodentate two-electron donor selected from the group consisting of CO, PRaRbRc, NO+, AsRaRbRc, SbRaRbRc, SRaRb, RCN, RNC, N2, PF3, CS, pyridine, thiophene, tetrahydrothiophene and N-heterocyclic carbenes of the formula (II) or (III);
R1 and R2 are both hydrogen or together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound form a phenyl ring which together with the quinolinyl unit of the formula (I) forms an acridinyl unit;
R, Ra, Rb, Rc, R3, R4 and R5 are each, independently of one another, unsubstituted or at least monosubstituted C1-C10-alkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-heterocyclyl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S, C5-C10-aryl or C5-C10-heteroaryl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, 0 and S, where the substituents are selected from the group consisting of:
F, CI, Br, OH, CN, NH2 and C1-C10-alkyl;
Y is a monoanionic ligand selected from the group consisting of H, F, CI, Br, I, OCOR, OCOCF3, OSO2R, OSO2CF3, CN, OH, OR and N(R)2 or uncharged molecules selected from the group consisting of NH3, N(R)3 and R2NSO2R;
Xl represents one, two, three, four, five, six or seven substituents on one or more atoms of the acridinyl unit or one, two, three, four or five substituents on one or more atoms of the quinolinyl unit, where the radicals X1 are selected independently from the group consisting of hydrogen, F, CI, Br, I, OH, NH2, NO2, -NC(O)R, C(O)NR2, -OC(O)R, -C(O)OR, CN and borane derivatives which can be obtained from the catalyst of the formula I by reaction with NaBH4 and unsubstituted or at least monosubstituted C1-C10-alkoxy, C1-C10-alkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-heterocyclyl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, O and S, C5-C10-aryl and C5-C10-heteroaryl comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among N, O and S, where the substituents are selected from the group consisting of:
F, CI, Br, OH, CN, NH2 and C1-C10-alkyl;
and M is iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium or platinum.
8. The process according to either claim 1 or 7, wherein the complex catalyst is a catalyst of the formula (XVIa):
9. The process according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein Y in the complex catalyst is selected from among H, F, CI and Br.
10. The process according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein L3 in the complex catalyst is CO.
11. The process according to any of claims 1 to 10, wherein (-X) is selected from among functional groups of the formulae (-CH2-OH) and (-CH2-NH2).
12. The process according to any of claims 1 to 12, wherein diethylene glycol is used as the diol.
13. The process according to any of claims 1 to 12, wherein a diol selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, diethanolamine, polytetrahydrofuran and 1,4-butanediol is used.
14. The use of a complex catalyst comprising at least one element selected from groups 8, 9 and 10 of the Periodic Table and also at least one phosphorus donor ligand for the homogeneously catalyzed preparation of primary amines which have at least one functional group of the formula (-CH2-NH2) and at least one further primary amino group by alcohol amination of starting materials having at least one functional group of the formula (-CH2-OH) and at least one further functional group (-X), where (-X) is selected from among hydroxyl groups and amino groups, by means of ammonia.
CA2828168A 2011-03-08 2012-03-01 Process for preparing di-, tri- and polyamines by homogeneously catalyzed alcohol amination Abandoned CA2828168A1 (en)

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