CA2039832A1

CA2039832A1 - High melt viscosity filled polyester composition

Info

Publication number: CA2039832A1
Application number: CA 2039832
Authority: CA
Inventors: Herbert L. Curry; Kelvin T. Okamoto
Original assignee: General Electric Co
Current assignee: General Electric Co
Priority date: 1990-05-21
Filing date: 1991-04-04
Publication date: 1991-11-22
Also published as: WO1993004125A1; EP0554266A1

Abstract

336-2227 (8CV-5123) ABSTRACT
Branched polyester resins comprisinq a polyester resin, a polyepoxy compound and a reinforcing filler having enhanced melt viscosity are disclosed.

Description

-1- 336-2227 (8CV-5123) ~IG~ M~LT VISCOSIT~ PILL~D POL~BSTeR COMPOSITIO~
This is a continuation-in-part ap~lication of copending commonly assigned United States Patent Application, Serial No. 07/406,905, filed September 14, 1989, attorney's docket 336-2209 (8CV-4987).
The present invention relates to branched polyester resin compositions. ~ore particularly the present invention relates to branched polyester resins having enhanced melt viscosity. The present invention also relates to methods for enhancing the viscosity of branched polyester resin compositions.
8AC~GRO~ND OF T~E I~V~NTION
Linear polyesters, such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET, and poly(butylene terephthalate) or PBT, are widely used in the preparation of articles by forming methods such as injection molding. ~any of their properties, includins chemical stability, solvent resistance and low permeability to gases, make them attractive candidates for such forming operations as blow molding, profile extrusion and thermoforming. ~ne problem in such operations is the celatively low melt viscosities of the polyesters, as a result of which th_ formed articles do not adequately retain their shape i~mediately after forming and before they have ^ooled.
In recent years, methods have been developed for increasing the melt viscosities and melt strengths of such polyesters. For example, Japanese Rokai 75/96648 and Japanese Kokai ~1/116749 describe the reaction of various thermoplastic polyesters with triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC). In this r_action, ~
branched polyester is apparently formed by reaction of carboxylic acid end groups of the oolyester with each of the epoxy groups. 8y reason of this branchin~, the polyester displays low viscosity at high shear rates, s during extrusion, and high viscosity and ~elt elasticity -2- 336-2227 (8CV-5123) at low shear rates, aq during han~ing of a blow-molded parison, which ensures dimensional stability.
More recently, improved methods for conducting this reaction have been developed. United States Patent Application Serial No. 185,534, filed April 21, 1988, describes the initial oreparation of a reactive concentrate by the reaction of a relatively large amount of the polyepoxide with a linear polye5ter having a measurable proportion of free carboxylic acid end groups. The reactive concentrate is then melt blended with further linear polyester to form the desired branched polyester product. A somewhat different method, employing a concentrate in which the polymer is non-reactive with the polyepoxide, is the subject of United States Patent ~pplication Serial No. 125,859, filed November 27, 1987.
8Oth applications are copendin~ and commonly owned herewith.
Kodama et al., United States Patent No.
4,141,882 describes obtaining a polyester composition having high melt viscosity by blending a oolyester comorising at least 80 percent by mole of ethylene terephthalate units with (1) an epoxy compound (~) and at least one organic compound (B) c~pable of reacting with the epoxy compound (A), or (2) a product of the melt reaction of epoxy compound (A) with the organic compound (8).
81aschke et al., United ~ingdom Patent ~o.
2,098,231 describe shaped'bodies formed of polytetra-methylene terephthalate stabilized with TGIC. The patentees also teach the addition of hindered phenolic stabilizers to the polyester compositions.
Commonly assigned, United States Patent Application Serial No. ~7/322,471, ~iled March 3, 1989, now ~llowed, discloses adding an effective amount o~ ~
catalyst compound to a polyester and polyepoxy compound composition to increase the melt viscosity of the polyester polyepoxy compound composition.

~039a32 -3- 336-2227 (8CV-5123) Commonly assigned copending pacent application, United States Serial No. 07/406,905, filed September 14, 1989, discloses adding an effective amount of an additional catalyst compound to a polyeste~ composition comprising a polyester resin, a polyepoxy compound, and a hindered phenolic thermal stabilizer to enhance melt viscosity and melt strength.
It has now unexpectedly been found that products with still better viscosity properties are obtained where a reinforcing mineral is added to a polyester composition comprising a polyester resin, and a polyepoxy compound. Surprisingly, the addition of the reinforcing mineral significantly enhances the ~elt viscosity and melt strength of polyester compositions.
This also enables the producer to obtain a product resin of equivalent melt viscosity while employing less polyepoxy compound.
S~HMARY OP T~ INV2NTIO~
;;
According to the present invention there is Qrovided a thermoplastic resin composition comprising (a) a polyester resin: (b) a polyepoxy com~ound: and ~c) a reinforcing mineral. Preferably the compositions further comprise (d) an additional catalyst compound or (e~ a hindered phenol stabilizer, or both (d) and (e).
Preferably the polyester component (a~ is selected from the group consisting of poly(l,4-butylene terephthalate~, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(l,4-cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate) and b1ends of any of the foregoing; and is present in an amount ranging from about 60 to about 90 weight percent based on the weight of the total composition.
The preferred polyepoxy ~ompounds (b) comprise poly(O- or N-epoxyalkyl)-substituted cyclic amides, imides or imidates. ~ost ~referred is triglycidyl isocyanurate.

-4- 335-2227 (8CV-5123) The preferred reinforcing minerals tc) are filamentous glass fibers such as E glaQ~ fibers, gla~s flakes and mica and are preferably present in amounts ranging from about 40 to about 10 weight percent based on the total weight of the composition.
Also according to the present invention there are provided methods for producing thermoplastic resin compositions having improved viscosity comprising: (i) melt blending a composition comprising (a) a polyester resin; and (b) a polyepoxy compound: and (ii) adding an effective amount of a reinforcing mineral: whereby either (1) the viscosity of the composition is increased over a composition comprising equivalent amounts of components (a) and (b) or (2) a composition having the same viscosity as a composition of (a) and (b) is obtained but with a reduction in the amount of (b) employed.
Further, according to the present invention there are provided methods for producing an improved thermoplastic resin composition comprising ~i) melt blending (a) a relatively major amount of a polyester resin; and (b) a relatively minor amount of a polyeDoxy compound; to form a resin concentrate, and (ii) adding (c) an effective amount of a reinforcing mineral and td) an additional amount of the polyester resin (i)(a) to the resin concentrate obtained in step (i); whereby either (1) the viscosity df the composition is increased over a composition comprising equivalent amounts of (i)(a), (i)(b) and (ii)(d) or (2) the viscosity o the composition is the same and the amount of component (i)(b) employed is reduced.

Z0~9832 -5- 336-222~ (aCV-5l23) D~TAIL~D D~SCaIPTTON OP T~ PRE e~T
Component (a) o~f the present invention comprises polyester resins. Polyesterq generally for use herein are derived from an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diol, or mixtures thereof, containinq from 2 to about 10 carbon atom~ and at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid. Preferred polye5ters are derived from an aliphatic diol and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and have repeating units of the following general formula:

1l /=~ C--~ CH2 ~ --C ~

wherein n is an integer of fro~ 2 to 6. The most preferred polyeYters are poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(l,4-butylene terephthalate).
Also contemplated herein are the above polyesters with minor amounts, e.g., from 0.5 to about 5 percent by weight, of units derived from aliphatic acids and/or aliphatic polyols to form copolyesters. ~he aliphatic polyols include glycols, such as poly(et~ylene glycol). All such polyest_rs can be made following the teachings of, for example, ~J.S. Pat. No. 2,465,319 an~
3,047,539.
The polyesters which are ~erived from a cycloaliphatic diol and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid are p~epared, fo~ example, by condensing either the cis-or trans- isomer (or mixtures thereo~) of, eor example, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol with an aromatic dicarboxylic acid so as to produce a polyester havinq recurring units of the following formula:

\ O O
- O - ca2 - ~ ~ -a2 ~ ~ - C - R - C

-6- 336-2227 (8CV-5123) wherein the cyclohexane rin~ is selected from the cis-and trans- isomers thereof and R reDreqents an aryl radical containing 6 to ~ carbon atoms and which is the decarboxylated residue derived from an acomatic dicarboxylic acid.
Examples of aromatic dicarboxylic acids represented by the decarboxylated residue R are isophthalic or terephthalic acid, 1,2-di(p-carboxy-phenyl)ethane, 4,4'-dicarboxydiphenyl ether, etc., and mlxtures of these. All of these acids contain at least one aromatic nucleus. Acids containin~ fused rings can also be present, such as in 1,4- or 1,5-naphthalenedi-carboxylic acids. ~he preferred dicarboxylic acids are terephthalic acid or a mixture of terephthalic and isophthalic acids.
Another preferred polyester may be derived from the reaction of either the cis- or trans- isomer (or a mixture thereof) of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol with a mixture of isophthalic and terephthalic acids. Such a polyester would have repeating units o~ the ~ormula:

- O - CH2 - O --CH2 - O - tl _ ~/

Still another breferred oolyeste~ is a copolyester derived from a cyclohexanedimethanol, an alkylene glycol and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid.
These copolyesters are prepared by condensin~ either the cis- or trans- isomer (or mixtures thereof) of, 'or example, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol and an alkylene glycol with an aromatic dicarboxylic acid so as to produce a copolyester having units of the ~ormulae:

2()39832 ~7~ 336-2227 ( 8CV-5123 ) O -- CE~2 - O - CH2 - O - C - R - Ir _ ~ ~- CH2--~ - C - R ~ ll ~

wherein the cyclohexane rin~ is selected from the cis-and trans- isomers thereof, R is as previously defined, n is an inte~er of 2 to 6, the x units comprise from about 10 to about 90 percent by weight and the y units comprise from about 90 to about 10 percent by weight.
Such a preferred copolyester ~ay be derived from the reaction of either the cis- or trans- isomer (or mixtures thereof) of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol and ethylene glycol with terephthalic acid in a molar ratio of 1:2:3. These copolyesters have repeating units of the following formula:

~O - CH2 - O - C~2 - o 1" ~!1 \

o :~
t (CH2~ o c ~ I 1 wherein x and y are as previously defined.
The polyesters described herein are either commercially available or can be produced by methods well known in the art, such as those set forth in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 2,901,466.
The polyesters used herein have ~n intrinsic viscosity of from about 0.4 to about 2.0 dl/g as -8- 336-2227 (8CV-;121) measured in a 60:40 phenol/tetrachloroethane mixture or similar solvent at 23 - 30C.
~ he polyester resin component can v~ry widely in amount. Preferably the polyester resin comDonent is present in an amount ranging from about 60 to about 90 weight percent based on the weight of the polyester reqin, polyepoxy compound, hindered phenol thermal stabilizer, additional catalyst compound and glass filler combined. Where a blend of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(l,4-butylene terephthalate~ is employed, the polyester resin component will comprise from about 1 to about 99 parts by weight poly(ethylene terephthalate) and from about 99 to about 1 part by weight poly(l,4-butylene terephthalate) based on 100 parts by weight of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) ~nd poly(l,4-butylene terephthalate) combined. However, other polyester blends are also contemplated within the scope of the present invention.
Component (b) is at least one polyepoxy compound. I~any types of polyepoxy compounds are known in the art and any of them are capable for use in the oresent invention. ~hey include bisohenol diglyci~yl ethers, epoxy novolacs~ glycidyl 3dducts of amines ~nd amides, glycidyl adducts of carboxylic acids, polymers of unsaturated epoxides and compounds prepared by epoxidation of dienes or ~olyenes. ~he preferred polyepoxy compounds are poly(O- or N-epoxyalkyl)-substituted cyclic amides, imides and imidates, usually containing one non-epoxy cyclic moiety although compounds with linked or fused moieties are also contemplated.
~ ost often, component (b) is 3 compound in which the epoxyalkyl groups are bonded directly to the oxygen or nitroqen atoms; however, compounds containing intervening structures, such as 2-carboglyci~yloxvethvl -g- 336-2227 ~8CV-;123) compounds, may also be used. The preQence of more than one epoxy group per molecule is essential. ~t least three of such groups are hlghly preferred, with three being especially preferred, by reason of the ease of preparation therefrom of branched polye~ters wit~ a minimum of crosslinkin~ and resulting gel ~ormation.
Illustrative cyclic nuclei which may be present in component (b) are the triazine, barbiturate, hydantoin, uracil, pyromellitic diimide, Diperazinedione and parabanate ring system. As previously noted, the epoxy containing functionalities may be present as substituents on oxygen or nitrogen atoms therein, with nitrogen atoms frequently being preferred. The most suitable compounds are triazine derivatives, including triglycidyl cyanurate and TGIC. TGIC is particularly preferred by reason of its availability and Darticular suitability for the formation of branched polyesters.
It has the formula CH2cH-cH2 0~ ~0 ~0~ 1 1 CH2-cHcH2-~ N-c~2cH-cH2 Other suitable triazine derivatives or N-methyl-N', N~-~iglyci~yl isocyanurate of the ~ormula -10- 336-2227 (8CV-5123) ~0 ~C~
CH2-cH-cEl2-~ N-CH3 ~N~ ~\O
I

and triglycidyl cyanurate of the formula O-CH2 -CH-C~I2 o~ N ~N /O
N

Essential to the compositions Oe the present S invention is component (c) a reinforcing mineral.
Preferably the reinforcing mineral is a glass filler such as filamentous glass fibers or qlass flakes. These are well known to those skilled in the art ~nd are widely available from a number of manufacturers. ~or compositions ultimately to be employed for electrical use , it is prefered to ~se fibrous glass Filaments comprised of lime-aluminum borosilicate glass that is relatively sodium free. This is ~nown as "~ glass.
However, other glass compositions are useful. ~soecially r~ preferred~a~re K filament glass (about 14 micron C¦ /q~ diameter), G filament glass (~bout 10 micron diamet_r) and D filament glass (about 7 micron diameter). ~11 such glasses are contemolated as within the scooe of ~.e present invention. The filaments are made by standard processes, e.g., by steam or air blowing, flame blowing 2(~39832 ~ 336-2227 (8CV-5123) and mechanical pulling. ~he preferred filaments for plastics reinforcement arQ made by mechanical pulling.
The filament diameters preferably range from about 0.00012 to about 0.00075 inch, but this i9 not critical ; to the present invention. It is known, however, to those skilled in the art, that smaller filament diameters will also increase the strength of plastics treated therewith.
~he length of the glass filaments and whe~her or not they are bundled into fibers and the fibers bundled in turn to yarns, ropes or rovings, or woven into mats, and the like are also not critical to the invention. However, in preparing the molding compositions of the present invention, it is convenient to use filamentous glass in the form of chopped strands of from about one-eighth to about 2 inches long. In articles molded from the compositions, on the other hand, even shorter length will be encountered because, during compounding, considerable fragmentation will occur.
Other preferred reinforcing minerals are mica, asbesto~, wollastonite, clay, talc, carbon, ceramic, titanate, and mixtures thereo~. Talc is esoecially preferred.
Optional component (d) is an additional catalyst component for the polyester-polyepoxy comoound reaction. Suitable catal7sts are in two classes, the first of which consists of primary alkylamines in which the alkyl group contains at least ~bout ~ ~nd prefer~bly about 10-20 carbon atoms. Illustrative amines of t~is type include octylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine, pentadecylamine and eicosylamine.
Included is the use of mixtures containing such amines, some of which are commercially available as accelerators for crosslinking of polyepoxy compounds. For example, the mixture of a long chaln amine, a long chain -12- 336-2227 (8CV-5123) quaternary ammonium salt and stannous octoate in a polymeric medium sold by C~ba-Geigy under the designation "XB3126~ is suitable for use as a catalyst.
The second class of catalytic compounds consist of salts free from direct carbon-phosphorus bonds and containing at least one of alkali and alkaline earth metal cations and halide anions. It is apparent that this class contains a large nu~ber of compounds.
They include alkali metal halides, alkali metal carboxylates, alkali metal enolates, amine hydrohalides and ~uaternary a~monium halides. Illustrative compounds within this class are lithium fluoride, lithium iodide, potassium bromide, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium acetate, sodium benzoate, sodium caproate, sodium stearate, sodium ascorbate and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide.
At high temperatures, as under melt conditions, thermoplastic polyesters undergo hydrolysis and molecular weight degradation by traces of water.
Therefore, it i9 highly preferred for the catalyst to be free from substantial quantities of water. In general, water proportions greater than those present in a monohydrate of the catalyst should be avoided. It is generally advisable to employ anhydrous and/or non-hygroscopic salts as catalysts.
~ alts of aliphatic carboxylic acids containing at least about 18 carbon atoms, e~pecially the alkali metal stearates and preferably sodium stearate, have certain advantaqes over the other catalysts employed according to the invention and are therefore often preferred. In the ~irst place, their use permits extrusion of the polyester-polyepoxide composition at substantially higher feed rates than those which are effective in their absence. In the second place, they tend to suppress the formation of acrolein, a by-product Z03983;~:
-13- 336-2227 (8CV-5123) from glycidyl reagents such as ~GIC. rn the thir~
place, they impart substantially les~ odor to the composition than certain other compounds useful as catalysts, especially amines.
Optional component (e) of the present invention comprises a hindered phenol thermal stabilizer.
Any hindered phenol known to those skilled in the art may be employed herein, a wide variety of these are commercially available.
Hindered phenols will generally be of the type in which there is a sterically hindere~ phenolic grou~, especially one containing a t-butyl group in the oposition to the phenolic O~group. Examples of such compounds are many. Preferred examples are, tetrakis (methylene-3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl) propionate)methane; octadecyl-3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate: 1,3,5-tri~ethyl-2,4,6-tris (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyben7yl)benzene; 4,4'-(2,2-6 ~;phenylproDyl)diphenylamine; esters of ethoxylated aryl phenols; 2,2'-thiodiethylbis(~-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl))propionate; octadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate and mixtures of any of the foregoing. Most preferred is octadecyl-3,5-~i-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate, which is commercially available as "IRGANOX~ 1076.
The proportion of polyepoxy compound employe~
according to the present invention is generally about 0.05 - 3.0 parts by weight per 100 pacts of polyester.
~he catalyst is employed in an amount ranging in general from about 0.01 to about 0.5 parts per 100 parts of polyester. For alkali metal stearates, about 0.01 - 0.20 parts is preferred. ~referably, the glass filler is present in an amount of at least about 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total oomposition, more preferably at least about 20 parts by weight.

X0~9832 -14- 336-2227 (8C~-5123) The invention requires effecting reaction between the polyester and ~olyepoxy compound in t~e presence of the catalyst to form a bcanched polyester resin. Conventional blending methods may be used to effect the reaction. ~elt blending methods are typically employed, erequently preceded by a dry blending step. A melt blending operation which is often preferred is extrusion, ordinarily at temperatures in the range of about 200 - 300C. Any conventional extruder known to those skilled in the art may be employed.
TGIC and similar compounds are typically supplied as powders which may agglomerate into coarse particles. These particles are frequently difficult to ~ix uniformly with the othee components during extrusion, and may result in regions of gel formation which produce flaw sites in formed articles. Moreover, many such compounds could be irritants and/or health hazard~.
For this reason, it is frequently preferred to initiall~ prepare a concentrate by blending a relatively large amount of the polyepoxide with the polyester.
Concentrates of this type may be prepared by melt blending or solution blending techniques as aoprooriate, and typically contain about 3 - 20 parts by weight of polyepoxide per 100 parts,of polyester.
The concentrates thus prepared are essentially indistinguishable in appearance and physical behavior from the resin used for their preparation. No obvious indicia of phase separation are observed therein. The concentrate is dust-free and should be handled with ~ru ~ l minimum skin contact ~eh and inhalation of the poly- C ~,7f9~ - epoxide. It may be readily pelletized for easy handling. By the preparation of (~or examPle) one batch 3S of such a concentrate, continued or repeated handling of 20:39832 -15- 336-2227 t8CV-5123) polyepoxide is made unnecessary. Reference is again made to the aforementioned_co~ending applications Serial Nos. 125,859 and 184,534 for further details of the preparation of branched polyester compositions using concentrates.
When such concentrates are emoloyed, the additional catalyst, antioxidant and reinforcing mineral may be incorporated in the mixture at the time of preparation of the concentrate and/or when the concentrate is subsequently blended with further polye~ter. Subsequent blending of glass filler is often especially preferred.
The compositions of the present invention can also comprise any number of conventional additives, such as dyes, pigments, stabilizers, plasticizers, flame retardants, drip retardants, nucleants, rubbery impact modifiers and the like. These are added, as desired, for their conventionally employed purposes. Illustrative flame retardant additives are disclosed in United States Patent Nos. 3,833,6~5; 3,341,lS4; 3,915,926 and 3,671,487. ~ther flame retardants are disclosed in United States Patent Nos. 3,681,281; 3,557,053;
3,830,771 and United Kingdom Patent ~o. 1,358,030.
Generally speaking, the more important of the flame retardant compounds contain chemical elements employed for their abilit~ to impart flame resistance, e.g., bromine, chlorine, antimony, phosphorous and nitrogen. It is preferred that the flame-retardant additive comprise a halogenated organic compound (brominated or chlorinated); a haloqenated-containinq organic compound in admixture with a ohosphorous compound or compounds containing phosphocous-nitroqen bonds or a mixture of two or more of the foregoing.
The amount of flame retardant additive used is not critical to the present invention, so long as it is -16- 336-2227 (8CV-5123) present in a minor proportion based on said composition, major proportions will detract from physical properties, but at least sufficient to render the polye~ter resin non-burning or self-extinguishing. Those skilled in the art are well aware that the amount will vary with the nature of the cesin and with the efficiency Oe the additive. In general, however, the amount of additive will be from 0.5 to 50 parts by weight per 100 parts of resin.
A preferred range will be from about 3 to 25 parts and an especially preferred range will be from about 8 to 12 parts of flame retardant additive per 100 parts of resin. Smaller amounts of compounds highly concentrated in the elements responsible for flame-retardance will be sufficient, e.g. elemental red phosphorous will be preferred at 0.5 to 2.0 parts by weight per hundred parts of resin, while phosphorous in the form of triphenyl phosphate will be used at 25 parts of phosphate per 100 parts of resin, and so forth.
Halogenated aromatics will be used at 8 to 12 parts and synergists, e.g., antimony oxide, will be used at about 2 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts of resin.
The preferred halogen compounds for ~his invention are aromatic halogen compounds such as brominated phthalimides, brominated polystyrene, brominated aryl ethers, halogenated bisphenols, polycarbonate polymers of halogena~ed bisphenols, brominated biphenyl, brominated terphenyl, or a compound comprising two phenyl radicals separated by a divalent alkylene or oxygen group and having at least two chlorine or bromine atoms per ?henyl nucleus, and mixtures of at least two of the foregoing. EsDecially preferred are brominat~d phthalimides and polycarbonat~
oligomers of brominated bisphenols, alone, or mixed with antimony oxide.

-17- 336-2227 (8CV-5123) In general, the preferred phosphate compounds are selected from elemental phosDhorous or organic phosphonic acids, ohosphonates, phosphinates, phosphonites, phosphinitea, phosphene oxides, phosphenes, phosphites or phosphates. Illustrative is triphenyl phosphene oxide. This can be used alone, or mixed with brominated phthalimides or halogenated polycarbonates and, optionally, antimony oxide.
The compositions of the present invention may also comprise a drip retardant agent. These are described in U.S. Patent No. 3,671,4a7. Generally, the drip retardant agent comprises a polytetrafluoroethylene cesin, which is commercially available or can be prepared by known processes. They are white solids obtained by polymerization of the tetrafluoroethylene in aqueous media with free radical catalysts, e.g., sodium, potasqium or ammonium peroxydisulfates at 100 to 1,000 p5i and at 0-200C and preferably 200 - 100C. See Brubaker, United States Patent No. 2,393,967.
The compositions of the present invention may then be formed into articles. Preferably the compoun~e~
resin is extruded into a sheet and then thermoformed into a variety of articles. The compositions are also suitable for profile extrusion, blow molding and other processes known to those skilled in the art that r~quire higher melt strength than normal systems. See, e.g., Modern Plastics Encyclopedia '89, ~cGraw Hill, Vol. ~5, No. ll, pp. 215-308.
DESCRIPTIO~ OF TYE PREFERRED EMeODrMeNTS
The following specific examples illustrate the present invention. However, they are not to be construed to limit the claims in any manner whatsoever.
E~AMPLES 1 - 2 Reactively branched poly(l,4-butylene ~/56 35 terephthalate)(RBPBT) is prepred by combining 94~q5 J~C 5/~/So 20398~2 -18- 336-2227 (8CV-512l) weight percent nVALOX" 315 PBT (General Electric Company), 5.7 weight percent reactive PBT concentrate (~BC) (3.5 weight percent TGIC re~cted with "V~LOX~
315), 0.05 weight percent sodium stearate and 0.2 weight S percent "IRGANOX~ 1076 (Ciba Gei~y Company). To 80 weight percent and 70 weight percent of RBPBT is added 20 weight percent and 30 weight percent of R-glass fiber (OCF-408BC), respectively, in a 2.5 inch single screw extruder and compounded at 110 rpm and at a barrel set temperature of 480F. The extrudate is then tested for melt viscosity. In all example~ melt viscosity is measured on a Tinius Olsen melt indexer at 482P using a 0.0825 inch orifice with a 4900 gram load. The cesults along with compositional data are set forth below in Table l.

e~A~P~e 1 2 Co~ponition (~t %) RBPBT ~0 70 ~-glass Fiber 20 30 TGIC of P9T 0.20 0.20 % TGIC of blend 0.16 0.14 Pro~rt~
~elt viscosity at 482F, , 25,800 25,900 poise It can be seen from Table l above that the compositions of the present invention possess excellent melt viscosity characteristics.

-19- 336-2227 t8CV-5123) ~XA~P~S 3 - 6 The procedure of ~xample 1 i~ followed except the amounts of PBT, RBC and glass fiber are varied.
comparison is also made with a sample having no g1ass fiber. The results along with comoositional data are set forth below in Table 2.

TAhLE 2 esa~ple 3A* 3 ~ 5 6 Co~ it~on (wt%) p~Tba 94.45 85.85 76.35 71.55 6fi.75 RBC 4.3 3.9 3.4 3.2 3.0 Irganox- 1076C 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 NaStearate 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 Glass Fiberd - 10.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 % TGIC of P3T 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 % of TGIC of blend 0.15 0.137 0.119 0.112 O.lO5.
ProPert~
Melt Viscosity at 482F 55,400 ~o Flow64,800 82,400 82,400 poise * = Comparative Example a = Valox- 315 resin, General rlectric Plastics b = extruded concentrate of Valox~ 315 PBT resin with 3.5 weight percent TGIC
C 2 hindered phenol ~ntioxidant, Ciba Geigy Company d - OCF-408BC chopped glass fibers, Owens Corning Fiberglass It can be seen from Table 2 above the excellent improvement in melt viscosity in polyester resins having R-glass fibers compared to those with no glass fibers.
CXA~PL~S 7 - 9 The procedure of rxample 1 is followed except the TGIC concentration in the PBT resin is varied. The results along with comoosition~l data are set forth below in Table 3.

-20- 336-2227 (8CV-5123) E~a~ple 7A~ ~ 8 9 Co-P08it~011 ~t ~) PBTb 69.7S 68.75 68.25 67 75 RBC ~ 1.00 1.50 2 00 Irganox- 1076C 0.05 0.05 0.08 0 05 Na3tearate 0.20 0.20 0.20 0 20 GF 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 ~ TGIC 0.0 0.035 0.053 0.07 ProPer~v Melt Viscosity at 482F, poise 32,700 43,600 46,600 56,100 * ~ Comparative Example a - Valox- 315 resin, General Electric Plastics b = extruded concentrate of Valox- 315 PBT resin with 3.5 weight percent Oe TGIC
c ~ hindered phenol antioxidant, Ciba Geigy Company d - OCF 408BC chopped glass fibers, Owens Corning Fiberglass Table 3 above demonstrates the excellent improvement in the viscosity of polyester resins obtained by the addition OCF-408BC chopped glass Eibers as the reinforcing mineral and varying TGIC
concentrations.
E~A~PL~S 10 - 11 The procedure of Example 1 is followed except clay is employed as the reinforcing mineral inst_ad of glass fibers. The results along with compositional dat~
are set forth below in Table 4.

2039a32 -21- 336-2227 (9CV-5123) TABLe 4 EYA~PLB 10 11 Coopositlon (vt %1 RBTb 76.35 71.55 Irganox- 1076C 0 2 3 2 NaStaarate 0.05 0.05 Clay 20.0 25.0 % TGIC 0.119 0.112 ProPertv Melt Viscosity at 482P, poise 18,600 26,300 a = Valox' 315 resin, General Electric Plastics b ~ extruded concentrate of Valox- 315 PBT resin with 3.5 weight percent ~GIC
c = hindered phenol antioxidant, Ciba Geigy Company d - Translink 445, Engelhard Company Table 4 above demonstrates that polyester resins having improved viscosity are obtained where clay is employed as the reinforcing mineral.
~A~PLES 12 - 1~
The procedure of Example 1 is followed except mica is employed as the reinforcing mineral. The results along with compositional data are set forth below in Table 5.

-22- 336-2227 (8CV-5123) ~A~PL~ 12A~ 12 13 Co~eosition (wt~) PBTa 95.45 76.35 71.55 70.55 RBCb 4.3 3.4 3.2 3.2 Irganox- 1076C 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 2 NaSt~arate 0.05 0.05 0.05 0 05 Mica - 20.0 25.0 25.0 Ti2 ~ ~ - 1 0 % TGIC 0.151 0 119 0.1120.112 Pro~er tY
Melt Viscosity at 482F, poise30,700 33,800 47,90061,900 ~G . ~ * ~ Co~arative Example f~r I ~ a - Valox- 315 resin, General Electric Plastics ~~ q~7l b - extruded concentrate of Valox- 315 PBT resin with 3.5 weight percent TGIC
c ~ hindered phenol antioxidant, Ciba Geigy Company d - Suzorite Mica 150S

Table 5 above shows the improvement to polyester resin melt viscosity provided by mica as the reinforcing mineral.
E~A~PL8S 15 - 16 The procedure of Example 1 is followed except talc is employed as the reinforcing mineral The results along with compositional data are set forth below in Table 6.

-23- 336-2227 (8CV-5123) TAB~ 6 ~A~PLE 15 16 Co~ ition (~t_%) PBTa 75.25 65.84 RBCb 4.55 3-99 Irganox- 1076C 0.16 0.14 NaSt~arate 0.04 0.03 Talc 20.0 30.0 % TGIC 0.159 0.140 Propert~
Melt Viscosity at 482~
poise 25,800 25,900 . . _ . .
a = Valox- 315 resin, General Electric Plastics b - extruded concentrate of Valox- 315 PaT resin with 3.5 weight percent TGIC
c = hindered phenol antioxidant, Ciba Geigy Company d = Talcron NP 45-26, Pfizer Company Table 6 above demonstrates the improved melt viscosity of polyester resin~ wherein talc is employed as the reinforcing mineral.
The above mentioned patents and patent applications are all hereby incorporated by reference.
Many variations of the present invention will suggest themselves to those skilled in ~his art in light of the above detailed description. For example, instead of poly(l,4-butylene terephthalate), other polyester resins such as a poly(ethylene terephthalate), a poly(l,4-cylcohexanedimethyl terephthalate) or mixtures thereof may be employed. Additionally, a number of polyepoxide compounds may be used, e.g., a bisphenol diglycidyl ether, an epoxy novolac, N-methyl-N',N~-di-glycidyl isocyanurate, and triglycidyl cyanurate.Further, instead of filamentous glass fibers: glass flakes, mica, titanates, asbestos, wollastonite, clay -24- 336-2227 (8CV-5121) talc, carbon, ceramic and mixture~ of any of the foregoing may be employed as the reinforcing mineral.
number of hindered phenols are also contemplated for use herein in addition to "IRGANOX~ 1076. These include e~ters of ethoxylated aryl phenols, tetrakis(methylene-3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate) S/s~ methane, octadecyl-3-(3',5-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene; 4,4'-(2,2-phenylpropyl) diphenylamine, and 2,2'-thiodiethylbis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl))propionate. Also contemplated for use herein as an additional catalyst compound are potassium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium fluoride, sodium acetate, sodium caproate, sodium benzoate, sodium lS ascorbate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, dodecyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide and mixtures thereof. Flame retardants, such as a brominated polycarbonate or brominated phthalimide in admixture with antimony oxide; and drip retardants may also be added to the compositions of the present inven~ion. All such obvious modifications are within the full intended scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A thermoplastic resin composition comprising:
(a) a polyester resin;
(b) a polyepoxy compound: and (c) a reinforcing mineral.

2. A composition as defined in Claim 1 wherein said component (a) polyester resin comprises units of an aliphatic diol, a cycloaliphatic diol or a mixture of such diols and an aromatic diacid.

3. A composition as defined in Claim 2 wherein said component (a) polyester resin is selected from the group consisting of a poly(l,4-butylene terephthalate), poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(l,4-cyclohexanedimethyl terephthalate) and blends of any of the foregoing.

4. A composition as defined in Claim 1 wherein said component (a) polyester resin has an intrinsic viscosity of at least about 0.4 deciliters per gram when measured in a 60:40 mixture of phenol and trichloroethane at 30°C.

5. A composition as defined in Claim 1 wherein said component (b) polyepoxy compound comprises a poly(O- or N-epoxyalkyl)-substituted cyclic amide, imide or imidate.

6. A composition as defined in Claim 5 wherein said polyepoxy compound comprises a single triazine, barbiturate, hydantoin, uracil, pyromellitic diimide, piperazinedione or parabanate group and the epoxyalkyl groups therein are bonded directly to oxygen or nitrogen atoms.

-26- 336-2227 (8CV-5123)

7. A composition as defined in Claim 6 wherein said polyepoxy compound is selected from the group consisting of triglycidyl isocyanurate, N-methyl-N',N"-diglycidylisocyanurate, triglycidyl cyanurate and a mixture of any of the foregoing.

8. A composition as defined in Claim 7 wherein said polyepoxy compound comprises triglycidyl isocyanurate.

9. A composition as defined in Claim 1 wherein said component (c) reinforcing mineral is selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, glass flakes, mica and mixtures of any of the foregoing.

10. A composition as defined in Claim 9 wherein said component (c) reinforcing mineral comprises glass fibers.

11. A composition as defined in Claim 1 which further comprises (d) an additional catalyst compound.

12. A composition as defined in Claim 11 wherein said component (d) additional catalyst compound is selected from the group consisting of (1) primary alkylamines in which the alkyl group contains at least about 8 carbon atoms and (2) salts free from direct carbon-phosphorous bonds and containing at least one of alkali and alkaline earth metal cations and halide anions.

13. A composition as defined in Claim 12 wherein said catalyst compound comprises a primary alkylamine containing about 10 to 20 carbon atoms.

14. A composition as defined in Claim 13 wherein said catalyst compound is selected from the group consisting of potassium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium fluoride, sodium acetate, sodium caproate, sodium benzoate, sodium stearate, sodium ascorbate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide and mixtures thereof.

-27- 336-2227 (8CV-5123)

15. A composition as defined in Claim 14 wherein said catalyst compound comprises sodium stearate.

16. A composition as defined in Claim 1 which further comprises component (e) a hindered phenol thermal stabilizer.

17. A composition as defined in Claim 1 wherein said composition comprises at least about 0.05 parts by weight of said polyepoxy compound component (b) and at least about 10 parts by weight of said reinforcing mineral component (c) based on 100 parts by weight of the total composition.

18. A composition as defined in Claim 17 wherein said composition comprises at least about 20 parts by weight of said reinforcing mineral component (c).

19. A composition as defined in Claim 1 which further comprises (f) an effective amount of a flame retardant agent.

20. A composition as defined in Claim 1 wherein said composition also comprises (g) a drip retardant agent.

21. A method for producing a thermoplastic resin composition having improved viscosity comprising:
(i) melt blending a composition comprising:
(a) a polyester resin:
(b) a polyepoxy compound; and (ii) adding an effective amount of (c) a reinforcing mineral; whereby either (1) the viscosity of the composition is increased over a composition comprising equivalent amounts of components (a) and (b) or (2) a composition having the same viscosity as a composition of (a) and (b) is obtained but with a reduction in the amount of (b) employed.

-28- 336-2227 (8CV-5123)

22. A method as defined in Claim 21 wherein said component (a) polyester resin comprises units of an aliphatic diol, a cycloaliphatic diol or a mixture of such diols and an aromatic diacid.

23. A method as defined in Claim 22 wherein said component (a) polyester resin is selected from the group consisting of poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate), poly(ethylene terephthalate), a poly(1,4-cyclohexane-dimethyl terephthalate), and blends of any of the foregoing.

24. A method as defined in Claim 21 wherein said component (a) polyester resin has an intrinsic viscosity of at least about 0.4 deciliters per gram when measured is a 50:40 mixture of phenol and trichloroethane at 30°C.

25. A method as defined in Claim 21 wherein said polyepoxy compound (b) comprises a poly(O- or N-epoxyalkyl)-substituted cyclic amide, imide or imidate.

26. A method as defined in Claim 25 wherein said polyepoxy compound comprise a single triazine, barbiturate, hydantoin, uracil, pyromellitic diimide, piper-azinedione or parabanate group and the epoxyalkyl groups therein are bonded directly to oxygen or nitrogen atoms.

27. A method as defined in Claim 26 wherein said polyepoxy compound is selected from the group consisting of triglycidyl isocyanurate, N-methyl-N',N"-diglycidyl isocyanurate, triglycidyl cyanurate and mixtures of any of the foregoing.

28. A method as defined in Claim 27 wherein said polyepoxy compound comprises triglycidyl isocyanurate.

-29- 336-2227 (8CV-5123)

29. A method as defined in Claim 21 wherein said component (c) reinforcing mineral is selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, glass flakes, mica and mixtures of any of the foregoing.

30. A method as defined in Claim 29 wherein said component (c) reinforcing mineral comprises glass fibers.

31. A method as defined in Claim 21 which further comprises adding (d) an effective amount of an additional catalyst compound in step (i).

32. A method as defined in Claim 31 wherein said catalyst compound (d) is selected from the group consisting of (1) primary alkylamines in which the alkyl group contains at least about 8 carbon atoms and (2) salts free from direct carbon-phosphorous bonds and containing at least one of alkali and alkaline earth metal cations and halide anions.

33. A method as defined in Claim 32 wherein said catalyst compound is selected from the group consisting of potassium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium fluoride, sodium acetate, sodium caproate, sodium benzoate, sodium stearate, sodium ascorbate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide and mixtures thereof.

34. A method as defined in Claim 33 wherein said catalyst compound comprises sodium stearate.

35. A method as defined in Claim 21 wherein said composition comprises at least about 0.05 parts by weight of said polyepoxy compound component (b) and at least about 10 parts by weight of said reinforcing mineral component (c) based on 100 parts by weight of the total composition.

36. A method as defined in Claim 35 wherein said composition comprises at least about 20 parts by weight of said reinforcing mineral component (c).

-30- 336-2227 (8CV-5123)

37. A method as defined in Claim 21 wherein said method is carried out_in an extruder.

38. A method as defined in Claim 23 which further comprises adding an effective amount of (f) a flame retardant agent in step (i).

39. A method as defined in Claim 21 which further comprises adding an effective amount of (g) a drip retardant agent in step (i).

40. A method for producing an improved thermoplastic resin composition comprising (i) melt blending (a) a relatively major amount of a polyester resin: and (b) a relatively minor amount of a polyepoxy compound: to form a resin concentrate, and (ii) adding (c) an effective amount of reinforcing filler; and (d) an additional amount of said polyester resin (i)(a) to the resin concentrate obtained in step (i); whereby either (1) the viscosity of the composition is increased over a composition comprising equivalent amounts of (i)(a), (i)(b), and (ii)(d): or (2) the viscosity of the composition is the same and the amount of component (i)(b) employed is reduced.

41. A method as defined in Claim 40 wherein component (ii)(c) is added in step (i).

42. A method as defined in Claim 41 wherein said resin concentrate comprises said polyepoxy compound in an amount ranging from about 1.0 to about 4.0 weight percent based on the total weight of said resin concentrate.

-31- 336-2227 (8CV-5123)

43. A method as defined in Claim 40 which further comprises adding (e) an additional catalyst, (f) a hindered phenol stabilizer, or (e) and (f); in either step (i) or step (ii).

44. An article comprising a thermoplastic resin composition as defined in Claim 1.

45. An article as defined in Claim 44 comprising an extruded sheet.

46. An article as defined in Claim 45 comprising a thermoformed extruded sheet.

47. The invention as defined in any of the preceding claims including any further features of novelty disclosed.