CA2021322C - Fabric softening composition - Google Patents
Fabric softening composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2021322C CA2021322C CA002021322A CA2021322A CA2021322C CA 2021322 C CA2021322 C CA 2021322C CA 002021322 A CA002021322 A CA 002021322A CA 2021322 A CA2021322 A CA 2021322A CA 2021322 C CA2021322 C CA 2021322C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fabric softening
- fatty acid
- materials
- compositions
- quaternary ammonium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOPBFGGKKBZDMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane;trimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCC.C[NH+](C)C ZOPBFGGKKBZDMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- IQDGSYLLQPDQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CNC IQDGSYLLQPDQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 stearyl alcohol Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LVDKZNITIUWNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bronopol Chemical compound OCC(Br)(CO)[N+]([O-])=O LVDKZNITIUWNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001522296 Erithacus rubecula Species 0.000 description 2
- 108010081873 Persil Proteins 0.000 description 2
- NLYCKYFADQUGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;propane;hydrochloride Chemical compound N.Cl.CCC NLYCKYFADQUGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002979 fabric softener Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLAJNZSPVITUCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathietane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCO1 QLAJNZSPVITUCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001153 anti-wrinkle effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid group Chemical group C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(=O)O WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003168 bronopol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002752 cationic softener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid group Chemical class C(CC(O)(C(=O)O)CC(=O)O)(=O)O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002070 germicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerine monostearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CO)CO YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerol monostearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002314 glycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003752 hydrotrope Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010409 ironing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004592 isopropanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940039717 lanolin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VDUIPQNXOQMTBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylhydroxylamine Chemical compound CCNO VDUIPQNXOQMTBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003605 opacifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006179 pH buffering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
- C11D1/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2075—Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
- C11D3/2079—Monocarboxylic acids-salts thereof
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8916306.7 | 1989-07-17 | ||
| GB898916306A GB8916306D0 (en) | 1989-07-17 | 1989-07-17 | Fabric softening composition |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2021322A1 CA2021322A1 (en) | 1991-01-18 |
| CA2021322C true CA2021322C (en) | 2000-10-31 |
Family
ID=10660145
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002021322A Expired - Fee Related CA2021322C (en) | 1989-07-17 | 1990-07-17 | Fabric softening composition |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0409502B1 (pt) |
| JP (1) | JP2611036B2 (pt) |
| AU (1) | AU640152B2 (pt) |
| BR (1) | BR9003453A (pt) |
| CA (1) | CA2021322C (pt) |
| DE (1) | DE69023561T2 (pt) |
| ES (1) | ES2080119T3 (pt) |
| GB (1) | GB8916306D0 (pt) |
| ZA (1) | ZA905607B (pt) |
Families Citing this family (31)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0557343A1 (en) * | 1990-11-16 | 1993-09-01 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Biodegradable fabric softeners |
| GB9115255D0 (en) * | 1991-07-15 | 1991-08-28 | Unilever Plc | Fabric softening composition |
| GB9114540D0 (en) * | 1991-07-05 | 1991-08-21 | Unilever Plc | Fabric softening composition |
| WO1993017085A1 (en) * | 1992-02-20 | 1993-09-02 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Biodegradable fabric softeners |
| WO1993019147A1 (en) * | 1992-03-16 | 1993-09-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fabric softening compositions containing mixtures of softener material and highly ethoxylated curd dispersant |
| GB9208652D0 (en) * | 1992-04-22 | 1992-06-10 | Unilever Plc | Hair care composition |
| GB9209170D0 (en) * | 1992-04-28 | 1992-06-10 | Unilever Plc | Rinse conditioner |
| FI945327A0 (fi) * | 1992-05-12 | 1994-11-11 | Procter & Gamble | Konsentroituja tekstiilien pehmennyskoostumuksia, jotka sisältävät biohajoavia tekstiilien pehmennysaineita |
| ES2099451T3 (es) * | 1992-06-10 | 1997-05-16 | Procter & Gamble | Composiciones suavizantes de tejidos biodegradables y estables. |
| GB9218342D0 (en) * | 1992-08-28 | 1992-10-14 | Unilever Plc | Use of fabric softening composition |
| US5543067A (en) * | 1992-10-27 | 1996-08-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Waterless self-emulsiviable biodegradable chemical softening composition useful in fibrous cellulosic materials |
| ES2144515T5 (es) * | 1993-03-01 | 2006-03-16 | THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY | Composiciones concentradas biodegradables de amonio cuaternario suavizantes de tejidos, y compuestos que contienen cadenas de acidos grasos insaturados de indice de yodo intermedio. |
| EP0637625A1 (en) * | 1993-08-02 | 1995-02-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Super concentrate emulsions with fabric actives |
| US5750491A (en) * | 1993-08-02 | 1998-05-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Super concentrate emulsions with fabric actives |
| WO1995031524A2 (en) * | 1994-05-18 | 1995-11-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Concentrated biodegradable fabric softener compositions |
| US5463094A (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 1995-10-31 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Solvent free quaternization of tertiary amines with dimethylsulfate |
| JPH10504609A (ja) * | 1994-07-26 | 1998-05-06 | ザ、プロクター、エンド、ギャンブル、カンパニー | 布帛用日光退色保護のための酸化防止剤を含有するリンス添加布帛柔軟剤組成物 |
| US5552137A (en) * | 1994-08-05 | 1996-09-03 | Witco Corporation | Biodegradable quaternary hair conditioners |
| US5503756A (en) * | 1994-09-20 | 1996-04-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Dryer-activated fabric conditioning compositions containing unsaturated fatty acid |
| US5505866A (en) * | 1994-10-07 | 1996-04-09 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Solid particulate fabric softener composition containing biodegradable cationic ester fabric softener active and acidic pH modifier |
| US5460736A (en) * | 1994-10-07 | 1995-10-24 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fabric softening composition containing chlorine scavengers |
| US5474690A (en) * | 1994-11-14 | 1995-12-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Concentrated biodegradable quaternary ammonium fabric softener compositions containing intermediate iodine value fatty acid chains |
| GB9517432D0 (en) * | 1995-08-25 | 1995-10-25 | Unilever Plc | Fabric softening composition |
| ATE321574T1 (de) * | 1995-08-31 | 2006-04-15 | Procter & Gamble | Verwendung von allylalkohol als ein mittel zur verminderung von schlechten gerüchen |
| US6022845A (en) * | 1995-11-03 | 2000-02-08 | The Procter & Gamble Co. | Stable high perfume, low active fabric softener compositions |
| GB2301843A (en) * | 1996-05-10 | 1996-12-18 | Unilever Plc | Stable fabric conditioning composition |
| US6083899A (en) * | 1996-09-19 | 2000-07-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fabric softeners having increased performance |
| GB0002877D0 (en) | 2000-02-08 | 2000-03-29 | Unilever Plc | Fabric conditioning composition |
| SE523426C2 (sv) | 2001-08-23 | 2004-04-20 | Akzo Nobel Nv | En kväveinnehållande ortoesterbaserad tensid, dess tillverkning och användning |
| GB0121806D0 (en) | 2001-09-10 | 2001-10-31 | Unilever Plc | A method of reducing the viscosity of fabric conditioning compositions |
| GB0121807D0 (en) | 2001-09-10 | 2001-10-31 | Unilever Plc | Fabric conditioning compositions |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1567947A (en) * | 1976-07-02 | 1980-05-21 | Unilever Ltd | Esters of quaternised amino-alcohols for treating fabrics |
| NZ191953A (en) * | 1978-11-03 | 1982-05-25 | Unilever Ltd | Fabric softening composition comprising a fatty acid |
| JPS6039791B2 (ja) * | 1981-07-10 | 1985-09-07 | ライオン株式会社 | 柔軟剤組成物 |
| JPS628427A (ja) * | 1985-07-04 | 1987-01-16 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 防眩形陰極線管の製造方法 |
| DE3608093A1 (de) * | 1986-03-12 | 1987-09-17 | Henkel Kgaa | Konfektioniertes textilweichmacher-konzentrat |
| JPS6361426A (ja) * | 1986-08-22 | 1988-03-17 | Csk Corp | 光記録媒体のデ−タ追記方式 |
| US4789491A (en) * | 1987-08-07 | 1988-12-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method for preparing biodegradable fabric softening compositions |
| DE3818061A1 (de) * | 1988-05-27 | 1989-12-07 | Henkel Kgaa | Fluessiges, waessriges waeschenachbehandlungsmittel |
| GB8914054D0 (en) * | 1989-06-19 | 1989-08-09 | Unilever Plc | Fabric softening composition |
| GB8916307D0 (en) * | 1989-07-17 | 1989-08-31 | Unilever Plc | Fabric softening composition |
-
1989
- 1989-07-17 GB GB898916306A patent/GB8916306D0/en active Pending
-
1990
- 1990-07-13 ES ES90307691T patent/ES2080119T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-13 DE DE69023561T patent/DE69023561T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-13 EP EP90307691A patent/EP0409502B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-16 AU AU59007/90A patent/AU640152B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-07-17 BR BR909003453A patent/BR9003453A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-17 CA CA002021322A patent/CA2021322C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-17 JP JP2189298A patent/JP2611036B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-17 ZA ZA905607A patent/ZA905607B/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU640152B2 (en) | 1993-08-19 |
| DE69023561D1 (de) | 1995-12-21 |
| ES2080119T3 (es) | 1996-02-01 |
| EP0409502A3 (en) | 1991-11-13 |
| CA2021322A1 (en) | 1991-01-18 |
| JP2611036B2 (ja) | 1997-05-21 |
| ZA905607B (en) | 1992-03-25 |
| BR9003453A (pt) | 1991-08-27 |
| DE69023561T2 (de) | 1996-04-18 |
| JPH03113077A (ja) | 1991-05-14 |
| EP0409502A2 (en) | 1991-01-23 |
| AU5900790A (en) | 1991-01-17 |
| EP0409502B1 (en) | 1995-11-15 |
| GB8916306D0 (en) | 1989-08-31 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |