CA2006010A1 - The use of selected ester oils in drilling fluids and muds - Google Patents
The use of selected ester oils in drilling fluids and mudsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2006010A1 CA2006010A1 CA002006010A CA2006010A CA2006010A1 CA 2006010 A1 CA2006010 A1 CA 2006010A1 CA 002006010 A CA002006010 A CA 002006010A CA 2006010 A CA2006010 A CA 2006010A CA 2006010 A1 CA2006010 A1 CA 2006010A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- muds
- drilling fluids
- ester oils
- monocarboxylic acid
- selected ester
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000010696 ester oil Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 monocarboxylic acid ester Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/32—Non-aqueous well-drilling compositions, e.g. oil-based
- C09K8/34—Organic liquids
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
Abstract
Invert emulsion muds for drilling of gas and oil, which are environmentally safe, and which contain:
A. a continuous oil phase composed predominantly of at least one monocarboxylic acid ester of a C2-C12 monofunctional alkanol wherein the monocarboxylic acid contains from 16 to 24 carbon atoms and is olefinically mono- or poly-unsaturated, B. a disperse aqeuous phase, C. at least one emulsifier, D. at least one weighting agent, E. at least one fluid loss additive, and F. a mild alkaline reserve.
A. a continuous oil phase composed predominantly of at least one monocarboxylic acid ester of a C2-C12 monofunctional alkanol wherein the monocarboxylic acid contains from 16 to 24 carbon atoms and is olefinically mono- or poly-unsaturated, B. a disperse aqeuous phase, C. at least one emulsifier, D. at least one weighting agent, E. at least one fluid loss additive, and F. a mild alkaline reserve.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3842659A DE3842659A1 (en) | 1988-12-19 | 1988-12-19 | USE OF SELECTED ESTEROILS IN DRILLING RINSING, IN PARTICULAR FOR THE OFF-SHORE DEVELOPMENT OF PETROLEUM OR. NATURAL GAS DEPOSIT (I) |
| DEP3842659.5 | 1988-12-19 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2006010A1 true CA2006010A1 (en) | 1990-06-19 |
| CA2006010C CA2006010C (en) | 2004-06-29 |
Family
ID=6369495
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002006010A Expired - Lifetime CA2006010C (en) | 1988-12-19 | 1989-12-19 | The use of selected ester oils in drilling fluids and muds |
Country Status (22)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP0448579A1 (en) |
| AR (1) | AR247911A1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE103627T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU639219C (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8907835A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2006010C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3842659A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK170786B1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2061909T3 (en) |
| GE (1) | GEP20001918B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE65152B1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX174181B (en) |
| MY (1) | MY108504A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO171562B (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ231827A (en) |
| PT (1) | PT92597B (en) |
| RO (1) | RO111579B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2044025C1 (en) |
| TJ (1) | TJ195R3 (en) |
| TR (1) | TR24786A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1990006980A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA899693B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8846583B2 (en) | 2009-12-15 | 2014-09-30 | Total Marketing Services | Biodegradable lubricating composition and use thereof in a drilling fluid, in particular for very deep reservoirs |
Families Citing this family (79)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5083622A (en) * | 1988-03-14 | 1992-01-28 | Shell Oil Company | Method for drilling wells |
| US5085282A (en) * | 1988-03-14 | 1992-02-04 | Shell Oil Company | Method for drilling a well with emulsion drilling fluids |
| US5072794A (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1991-12-17 | Shell Oil Company | Alcohol-in-oil drilling fluid system |
| US5260269A (en) * | 1989-10-12 | 1993-11-09 | Shell Oil Company | Method of drilling with shale stabilizing mud system comprising polycyclicpolyetherpolyol |
| US5423379A (en) * | 1989-12-27 | 1995-06-13 | Shell Oil Company | Solidification of water based muds |
| US5058679A (en) * | 1991-01-16 | 1991-10-22 | Shell Oil Company | Solidification of water based muds |
| US5076373A (en) * | 1990-03-30 | 1991-12-31 | Shell Oil Company | Drilling fluids |
| US5076364A (en) * | 1990-03-30 | 1991-12-31 | Shell Oil Company | Gas hydrate inhibition |
| DE4012105A1 (en) * | 1990-04-14 | 1991-10-17 | Henkel Kgaa | USE OF HYDRATED RICINO OIL AS A VISCOSITY IMAGER IN OIL-BASED DRILL RINSING SYSTEM |
| DE4018228A1 (en) * | 1990-06-07 | 1991-12-12 | Henkel Kgaa | FLOWABLE DRILL TREATMENT AGENTS BASED ON CARBONIC DIESTERS |
| DE4019266A1 (en) * | 1990-06-16 | 1992-01-23 | Henkel Kgaa | FLOW -ABLE BOHRLOCHANGE AGENTS BASED ON POLYCARBONIC ACID ESTERS |
| DE4024658A1 (en) * | 1990-08-03 | 1992-04-16 | Henkel Kgaa | USE OF SURFACE-ACTIVE ALKYL GLYCOSIDE COMPOUNDS IN WATER- AND OIL-BASED DRILLING AND OTHER DRILLING TREATMENT AGENTS |
| US5508258A (en) * | 1990-08-03 | 1996-04-16 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Use of surface-active alpha-sulfo-fatty acid di-salts in water and oil based drilling fluids and other drill-hole treatment agents |
| GB2251447A (en) * | 1991-01-04 | 1992-07-08 | Exxon Production Research Co | Invert emulsion for use in a drilling fluid |
| US5233055A (en) * | 1991-03-19 | 1993-08-03 | Shell Oil Company | Copolymerization of polyethercyclicpolyols with epoxy resins |
| US5371244A (en) * | 1991-03-19 | 1994-12-06 | Shell Oil Company | Polycondensation of dihydric alcohols and polyhydric alcohols and thermal condensation to form polyethercyclicpolyols |
| US5302728A (en) * | 1991-03-19 | 1994-04-12 | Shell Oil Company | Polycondensation of phenolic hydroxyl-containing compounds and polyhydric alcohols and thermal condensation to form polyethercyclipolyols |
| US5338870A (en) * | 1991-03-19 | 1994-08-16 | Shell Oil Company | Thermal condensation of polyhydric alcohols to form polyethercyclicpolyols |
| DE4200502A1 (en) * | 1992-01-13 | 1993-07-15 | Henkel Kgaa | IMPROVED DISPOSAL OF CONTAMINATED DRILL SMALL FROM GEOLOGICAL HOLES WITH MINERAL OIL CONTAINING DRILL RINSING SYSTEMS |
| DE4218243C2 (en) * | 1992-06-03 | 1994-04-28 | Cognis Bio Umwelt | Improved nutrient mixtures for the bioremediation of polluted soils and waters |
| US5371243A (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 1994-12-06 | Shell Oil Company | Polyethercyclicpolyols from epihalohydrins, polyhydric alcohols, and metal hydroxides |
| US5286882A (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 1994-02-15 | Shell Oil Company | Polyethercyclicpolyols from epihalohydrins, polyhydric alcohols and metal hydroxides or epoxy alcohol and optionally polyhydric alcohols with addition of epoxy resins |
| US5428178A (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 1995-06-27 | Shell Oil Company | Polyethercyclipolyols from epihalohydrins, polyhydric alcohols, and metal hydroxides or epoxy alcohols and optionally polyhydric alcohols with thermal condensation |
| USH1611H (en) * | 1993-11-04 | 1996-11-05 | M-I Drilling Fluids Company | Glycols as internal phase in oil well drilling fluids |
| GB9324834D0 (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 1994-01-19 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Drilling fluid |
| GB9406057D0 (en) * | 1994-03-26 | 1994-05-18 | Univ Heriot Watt | Drilling mud |
| US5776865A (en) * | 1994-05-25 | 1998-07-07 | Shell Oil Company | Emulsifiable oil |
| DE4420455A1 (en) * | 1994-06-13 | 1995-12-14 | Henkel Kgaa | Flowable borehole treatment compositions containing linear alpha-olefins, in particular corresponding drilling fluids |
| DE4432841A1 (en) | 1994-09-15 | 1996-03-21 | Hoechst Ag | Use of mixtures containing acetal |
| CA2231378C (en) | 1995-09-11 | 2009-06-30 | M-I L.L.C. | Glycol based drilling fluid |
| DE19546911A1 (en) | 1995-12-15 | 1997-06-19 | Henkel Kgaa | New aqueous-swellable preparations of guar and guar derivatives in oleophilic liquids and their use |
| US5905061A (en) * | 1996-08-02 | 1999-05-18 | Patel; Avind D. | Invert emulsion fluids suitable for drilling |
| US6589917B2 (en) | 1996-08-02 | 2003-07-08 | M-I Llc | Invert emulsion drilling fluids and muds having negative alkalinity and elastomer compatibility |
| US6022833A (en) * | 1996-10-30 | 2000-02-08 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Multicomponent mixtures for use in geological exploration |
| TW354352B (en) * | 1996-10-30 | 1999-03-11 | Henkel Kgaa | A process for easier cleaning on the basis of water/oil inversion emulifier |
| DE19643840A1 (en) * | 1996-10-30 | 1998-05-07 | Henkel Kgaa | Improved multi-component mixtures for soil digestion |
| DE19643857A1 (en) | 1996-10-30 | 1998-05-07 | Henkel Kgaa | Use of biodegradable alkoxylation products to clean boreholes, drilling equipment or cuttings |
| DE19647565A1 (en) | 1996-11-18 | 1998-05-20 | Henkel Kgaa | Multi-phase lubricant concentrates for use in water-based systems in the field of earth drilling |
| DE19649285A1 (en) | 1996-11-28 | 1998-06-04 | Henkel Kgaa | Method of protecting metal surfaces against corrosion in liquid or gaseous media |
| US6793025B2 (en) | 1998-01-08 | 2004-09-21 | M-I L. L. C. | Double emulsion based drilling fluids |
| US6029755A (en) * | 1998-01-08 | 2000-02-29 | M-I L.L.C. | Conductive medium for openhole logging and logging while drilling |
| US5990050A (en) * | 1998-01-08 | 1999-11-23 | M-I L.L.C. | Water soluble invert emulsions |
| US6405809B2 (en) | 1998-01-08 | 2002-06-18 | M-I Llc | Conductive medium for openhold logging and logging while drilling |
| US6308788B1 (en) | 1998-01-08 | 2001-10-30 | M-I Llc | Conductive medium for openhole logging and logging while drilling |
| FR2781498B1 (en) | 1998-07-21 | 2002-06-28 | Elf Exploration Prod | METHOD OF USING BIODEGRADABLE DRILLING SLUDGE |
| DE19852971A1 (en) | 1998-11-17 | 2000-05-18 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh | Lubricants for drilling fluids |
| US6828279B2 (en) | 2001-08-10 | 2004-12-07 | M-I Llc | Biodegradable surfactant for invert emulsion drilling fluid |
| DE10243312A1 (en) | 2002-09-18 | 2004-04-01 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg | Well treatment agent with low-toxic oil phase |
| DE10334441A1 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2005-02-17 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg | Borehole treatment agents containing ether carboxylic acids |
| DE102004034141A1 (en) | 2004-07-15 | 2006-02-09 | Cognis Ip Management Gmbh | Use of lithium salts of fatty alcohol sulfates for cleaning wells, drills or cuttings |
| US7919437B2 (en) | 2006-06-26 | 2011-04-05 | Bp Exploration Operating Company Limited | Wellbore fluid comprising sulfonated copolymers with pendant alkyl groups |
| EP2036964A1 (en) | 2007-09-14 | 2009-03-18 | Cognis Oleochemicals GmbH | Thickener for oil-based drilling fluids |
| EP2036963A1 (en) | 2007-09-14 | 2009-03-18 | Cognis Oleochemicals GmbH | Lubricants for drilling fluids |
| EP2036962A1 (en) | 2007-09-14 | 2009-03-18 | Cognis Oleochemicals GmbH | Additives for water-based drilling fluids |
| EP2053111B1 (en) | 2007-10-24 | 2016-12-07 | Emery Oleochemicals GmbH | Drilling composition, process for its preparation and applications thereof |
| DE102008009369A1 (en) | 2008-02-14 | 2009-08-20 | Cognis Oleochemicals Gmbh | Production of compositions of functional components such as thermoplastics, enzymes, oils or hair- or skin-care substances, involves using a n-nonyl ester as additive, e.g. as release agent or foam suppressant |
| DE102008009368A1 (en) | 2008-02-14 | 2009-08-20 | Cognis Oleochemicals Gmbh | Producing organic composition, useful e.g. as additive in drilling fluid, comprises mixing n-nonyl ether obtained by reacting n-nonyl alcohol-component with e.g. polyether alcohol, functional component e.g. enzyme and further additive |
| DE102008008251A1 (en) | 2008-02-08 | 2009-08-20 | Cognis Oleochemicals Gmbh | Crosslinked glycerol or oligoglycerol esters and their use as an additive in drilling fluids |
| DE102008008250A1 (en) | 2008-02-08 | 2009-08-20 | Cognis Oleochemicals Gmbh | Boron-based cleaning agents based on organic amine sulphate |
| EP2154224A1 (en) | 2008-07-25 | 2010-02-17 | Bp Exploration Operating Company Limited | Method of carrying out a wellbore operation |
| DE102009014119A1 (en) | 2009-03-24 | 2010-09-30 | Emery Oleochemicals Gmbh | Emulsion-based cleaning composition for oil field applications |
| EP2438137A1 (en) | 2009-06-02 | 2012-04-11 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP | Wellbore fluid additives and methods of producing the same |
| DE102009060865A1 (en) | 2009-12-30 | 2011-07-07 | Emery Oleochemicals GmbH, 40589 | Esters of solid polyols and unsaturated carboxylic acids |
| US8563482B2 (en) | 2010-09-22 | 2013-10-22 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Environment friendly base fluid to replace the toxic mineral oil-based base fluids |
| BR112013012993A2 (en) | 2010-11-25 | 2016-09-13 | Bp Exploration Operating | consolidation |
| US20140076635A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 | 2014-03-20 | Bp Exploration Operating Company Limited | Method of carrying out a wellbore operation |
| US9115556B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2015-08-25 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Method of using biologically-derived monoesters as drilling fluids |
| US9115303B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2015-08-25 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Biologically-derived monoesters as drilling fluids |
| US9238783B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2016-01-19 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Monoester-based lubricants and methods of making same |
| US9115326B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2015-08-25 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Monoester-based lubricants and methods of making same |
| MX2016001759A (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2016-06-02 | Chevron Usa Inc | Biologically-derived monoesters as drilling fluids. |
| EP3036303A1 (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2016-06-29 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Method of using biologically-derived monoesters as drilling fluids |
| EP2848720B1 (en) | 2013-09-12 | 2016-03-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Use of a lubricant in a mounting mat and method for making such a mat |
| US9834718B2 (en) | 2014-05-06 | 2017-12-05 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Ecofriendly lubricating additives for water-based wellbore drilling fluids |
| BR102015015617B1 (en) | 2015-06-26 | 2022-10-11 | Oxiteno S.A. Indústria E Comércio | COMPOSITION FOR DRILLING FLUIDS WITH OIL PHASE BASED ON DIESTERS |
| WO2019147515A1 (en) | 2018-01-29 | 2019-08-01 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Anaerobically biodegradable fluids for drilling applications |
| EP3763922B1 (en) | 2019-07-09 | 2025-07-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Mounting mat for use in pollution control devices |
| US11352545B2 (en) | 2020-08-12 | 2022-06-07 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Lost circulation material for reservoir section |
| EP4379197A1 (en) | 2022-11-30 | 2024-06-05 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Zero binder polycrystalline mounting mat with improved production handing |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2843473A1 (en) * | 1978-10-05 | 1980-04-17 | Bayer Ag | LACTONE MODIFIED ESTER OILS |
| US4374737A (en) * | 1980-01-14 | 1983-02-22 | Dana E. Larson | Nonpolluting drilling fluid composition |
| US4631136A (en) * | 1985-02-15 | 1986-12-23 | Jones Iii Reed W | Non-polluting non-toxic drilling fluid compositions and method of preparation |
| DE3903784A1 (en) * | 1989-02-09 | 1990-08-16 | Henkel Kgaa | MONOCARBONIC ACID METHYL ESTER IN INVERT DRILLING CLOSURE |
| DE3907392A1 (en) * | 1989-03-08 | 1990-09-13 | Henkel Kgaa | ESTER OF CARBONIC ACIDS, MEDIUM CHAIN LENGTH, AS THE BEST NEEDLE PART OF THE OIL PHASE IN INVERT DRILL RINSE |
| DE3907391A1 (en) * | 1989-03-08 | 1990-09-13 | Henkel Kgaa | USE OF SELECTED ESTER OILS OF LOW CARBONIC ACIDS IN DRILL RINSING |
-
1988
- 1988-12-19 DE DE3842659A patent/DE3842659A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-12-05 MY MYPI89001702A patent/MY108504A/en unknown
- 1989-12-11 ES ES89122819T patent/ES2061909T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-12-11 AU AU46551/89A patent/AU639219C/en not_active Expired
- 1989-12-11 WO PCT/EP1989/001512 patent/WO1990006980A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-12-11 AT AT89122819T patent/ATE103627T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-12-11 DE DE89122819T patent/DE58907349D1/en not_active Revoked
- 1989-12-11 RO RO147837A patent/RO111579B1/en unknown
- 1989-12-11 NZ NZ231827A patent/NZ231827A/en unknown
- 1989-12-11 EP EP90900103A patent/EP0448579A1/en active Pending
- 1989-12-11 GE GEAP19893716A patent/GEP20001918B/en unknown
- 1989-12-11 EP EP89122819A patent/EP0374671B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1989-12-11 IE IE405689A patent/IE65152B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-12-11 BR BR898907835A patent/BR8907835A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-12-15 PT PT92597A patent/PT92597B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-12-18 ZA ZA899693A patent/ZA899693B/en unknown
- 1989-12-18 MX MX018753A patent/MX174181B/en unknown
- 1989-12-19 AR AR89315714A patent/AR247911A1/en active
- 1989-12-19 CA CA002006010A patent/CA2006010C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-12-19 TR TR90/0006A patent/TR24786A/en unknown
-
1991
- 1991-06-17 RU SU914895872A patent/RU2044025C1/en active
- 1991-06-17 NO NO912337A patent/NO171562B/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-06-18 DK DK117591A patent/DK170786B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1994
- 1994-12-30 TJ TJ94000025A patent/TJ195R3/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8846583B2 (en) | 2009-12-15 | 2014-09-30 | Total Marketing Services | Biodegradable lubricating composition and use thereof in a drilling fluid, in particular for very deep reservoirs |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR8907835A (en) | 1991-10-22 |
| NO171562B (en) | 1992-12-21 |
| PT92597B (en) | 1995-09-12 |
| EP0374671B1 (en) | 1994-03-30 |
| AR247911A1 (en) | 1995-04-28 |
| EP0374671A1 (en) | 1990-06-27 |
| RO111579B1 (en) | 1996-11-29 |
| WO1990006980A1 (en) | 1990-06-28 |
| DE58907349D1 (en) | 1994-05-05 |
| NO912337L (en) | 1991-06-17 |
| DE3842659A1 (en) | 1990-06-28 |
| ATE103627T1 (en) | 1994-04-15 |
| NZ231827A (en) | 1991-12-23 |
| CA2006010C (en) | 2004-06-29 |
| MX174181B (en) | 1994-04-27 |
| ZA899693B (en) | 1990-08-29 |
| MY108504A (en) | 1996-10-31 |
| PT92597A (en) | 1990-06-29 |
| ES2061909T3 (en) | 1994-12-16 |
| TJ195R3 (en) | 1998-10-28 |
| GEP20001918B (en) | 2000-01-05 |
| DK117591A (en) | 1991-08-13 |
| IE65152B1 (en) | 1995-10-04 |
| RU2044025C1 (en) | 1995-09-20 |
| TR24786A (en) | 1992-05-01 |
| AU639219B2 (en) | 1993-07-22 |
| AU4655189A (en) | 1990-07-10 |
| IE894056L (en) | 1990-06-19 |
| EP0448579A1 (en) | 1991-10-02 |
| DK117591D0 (en) | 1991-06-18 |
| NO912337D0 (en) | 1991-06-17 |
| DK170786B1 (en) | 1996-01-15 |
| AU639219C (en) | 2003-11-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |