CA2081629C - Electrically conductive polymer composition - Google Patents

Abstract

The electrically conductive polymer composition of this invention comprises (A) a polyaniline, (B) at least one member selected from the class consisting of homopolymers, block copolymers and random copolymers of alkylene oxide monomers and crosslinking products thereof, and (C) at least one member selected from the class consisting of protonic acid anions, electron acceptors, alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts. This composition affords a choice of electronic conductance or ionic conductance, or both, according to the intended application. Furthermore, since it is highly processable and flexible, the composition finds application in a variety of uses.

Description

ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE POLYMER COMPOSITION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel elec-trically conductive polymer composition which finds application in electric and electronic devices such as electric batteries, electrochro:mic display devices, capacitors, etc., or as an antistatic material or an electromagnetic shielding material.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The hithereto-known electrically conductive substances in which electrons act as charge carriers include, among others, polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline, pohyphenylenevinylene and so on. Among them, polypyrrole provides a comparative-ly high film strength and has, therefore, been used as the solid electrolyte for solid electrolyte capacitors (Japanese Kokai Patent Publication No. 63-158829).
Polyaniline may undergo repeated doping and dedoping electrochemically and has a high degree of dopability as compared with other electrically conductive poly-mers, so that this compound has been utilized as the positive electrode active material of a secondary cell [The 27th Battery Symposium in ,Japan, 3A05L].
It is known that these pol~~ners can be produced _ 2 _ 2081629 either by chemical oxidative polymerization using an oxidizing agent (chemical polymerization method) or by electrochemical oxidative polymerization (electrolytic polymerization method).
Chemical polymerization generally lends itself well to mass production. However, the resulting electrically conductive polymer is poor in moldability because it is available as a powder insoluble and/or infusible, and in order that it may be used as an electrically conductive material, the particulate polymer must be dispersed in a coating binder just as it is the case with conductive carbon or metal powders.
Thus, there is no merit in the use of such a polymer in lieu of the latter time-honored materials.
On the other hand, electro:Lytic polymerization gives an electrically conductive. polymer in the form of a film. However, while a high film strength can be obtained with certain polymers, typically polypyrrole, no sufficient film strength can be obtained with others, such as polyaniline and polythiophene. More-over, as the common drawbacks of: the electrically conductive polymers synthesized by the electrolytic polymerization method, the size of the electrically conductive polymer film is limited by the size of the electrode used for electrolysis and, moreover, in order that such a film may be deposited on an insulating support, formation of an electrically conductive precoating layer is essential. Owing to these disadvan-tages, it has heretofore been difficult to obtain an electrically conductive polymer film or layer having a sufficiently large surface area.
Recently, it has been proposed to overcome these disadvantages by synthesizing a solvent-soluble or thermoplastic electrically conductive polymer by polymerizing a monomer having an alkyl or alkoxy group in the 3-position of a 5-membere~d heterocyclic nucleus such as pyrrole or thiophene (Macromolecules, 20, 212 (1987)]. Among compounds in this category, polythio-phene derivatives are very sati:~factory in processabi-lity but are poor in the stability of electrical conductivity. On the other hanct, polypyrrole deriva-tives are disadvantageous in that the cost of monomers is high and their synthesis involves difficulties in many instances.
More recently, it has been discovered that the polyaniline synthesized by chemical polymerization can be rendered soluble by subjecting it to dedoping (Japanese Kokai Patent Publication No. 3-28229]. This polyaniline not only yields a tough film on heat treatment but gives a self-supporting film having a high electrical conductivity on redoping. When these merits are considered in conjunction with the pro-cedural ease of polymerization, this is a very satis-factory polymer. However, when it is coated, for example as an antistatic agent, on a heterogenous substrate, there occurs the problem of poor adhesion or low flexibility and the use of <~ binder for obviating these difficulties sacrifices the inherent electrical conductivity of polyaniline.
Meanwhile, this soluble po7Lyaniline can be uti-lized as a positive electrode acaive substance for secondary batteries. Because this soluble polyaniline can be made available in a variety of forms, electrode design is facilitated compared with the case in which the polyaniline prepared by the conventional chemical or electrolytic polymerization method is used as the positive electrode active substance. However, as the common problem with secondary cells utilizing polyani-line, polythiophene or polypyrrole as the positive electrode active substance, the diffusion of anions associated with charge and discharge is rate-determin-ing and this is a major obstacle: to be surmounted for the realization of large capacity secondary batteries.
This problem cannot be overcome, either, even when said soluble polyaniline is used as the positive electrode active substance.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages and provide a novel electrically conductive polymer composition having a markedly improved moldability.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an electrically conductive polymer composition which has both electronic conductivity and ionic conductivity or either of them and, therefore, a great potential for use as a novel electrically conductive material.
The present invention relates to a secondary electric cell utilizing as a positive electrode active material an electrically conductive polymer composition comprising (A) a reduced polyaniline, (B) at least one member selected from the group consisting of the homopolymers, block copolymers and random copolymers consisting of alkylene oxide monomers and the crosslinking products thereof; and (C) at least one member selected from the group consisting of protonic acid anions, electron acceptors, alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts.
In the present invention, components (A) and (B) are dissolved in each other and molecularly dispersed to form a polymer alloy consisting of (A) and (B). Then, component (A) and/or component (B) in this polymer alloy is caused to form a complex with com-ponent (C). This complex exhibits electronic conduc-tivity and/or ionic conductivity.
Furthermore, since components (A) and (B) are fully compatible, the polymer alloy they form has an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structure showing a high degree of flexibility not found.in the film obtainable from component (A) alone.
In the following description of the present invention, the step of adding component (C) to either component (A) or component (B) ~or to an (A)-(B) alloy to form a complex will be referred to as "doping".
The polyaniline to be used as said component (A) in the present invention can be easily obtained by dispersing or dissolving aniline in a solvent, such as water, methanol or the like, adding an oxidizing agent, such as ammonium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, man-ganese dioxide or the like, to the dispersion or solution in the presence of a protonic acid, such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or the like, conduct-ing a polymerization reaction to obtain a doped poly-aniline and, then, dedoping the same with a base such as ammonia, sodium hydroxide or the like. Optionally, the dedoped polyaniline can be reduced for use in the invention.

_ 2081629 The homopolymer, block copolymer or random copo-lymer of monomeric alkylene oxide which is used as component (B) in the present invention (hereinafter referred to as "alkylene oxide polymer") can be gene-rally obtained by subjecting an alkylene oxide to addition (ring-opening) polymerization with an active hydrogen compound.
The active hydrogen compound mentioned just above includes, inter alia, monohydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, etc., dihydric alcahols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, etc., polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol, trimethyl-olpropane, sorbitol, sucrose, polyglycerol, etc., amines such as monoethanolamine, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, 2-ethylhexylamine, hexamethylene-diamine, etc., and phenolic active hydrogen compounds such as bisphenol A, hydroquino:ne and so on.
The alkylene oxide monomer includes, inter alia, a-olefin oxides containing 2 to 9 carbon atoms such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, 1,2-epoxybutane, 1,2-epoxypentane, 1,2-epoxyhexane, 1,2-epoxyheptane, 1,2-epoxyoctane, 1,2-epoxynonane, etc.; a-olefin oxides containing 10 or more carbon atoms; styrene oxide and so on, although ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and 1,2-epoxybutane are particularly preferred.

The polymerization reactio=n is carried out using a basic catalyst such as sodium m~~thoxide, sodium hydrox-ide, potassium hydroxide, lithiwm carbonate, triethyl-amine, potassium t-butoxide, etc. or an acid catalyst such as perchloric acid, boron trifluoride, etc., although a basic catalyst is preferably employed.
The number average molecular weight of the alky-lene oxide polymer is preferably in the range of 100 to 20,000.
The crosslinked alkylene oride polymer, which can also be used as component (B) in the present invention, can be generally obtained by subjecting said alkylene oxide polymer to crosslinking reaction with a suitable crosslinking agent or, alternatively, by synthesizing an acryloyl- or methacryloyl-modified alkylene oxide polymer and crosslinking the sarne.
The method for crosslinkinc~ the alkylene oxide polymer with a crosslinking agent includes, inter alia, isocyanate crosslinking and este=r crosslinking.
The crosslinking agent for use in the isocyanate crosslinking method includes, inter alia, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI), 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate (2,6-TDI), 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), isophorone diisocya-nate, triphenylmethane diisocyanate, tris(isocyanato-_ 9 _ 2081629 phenyl) thiophosphate, lysine e:~ter triisocyanate, 1,8-diisocyanato-4-isocyanatomethyloctane, 1,6,11-undecane triisocyanate, 1,3,6-hexamethylene triiso-cyanate, bicycloheptane triisocyanate, biuret HMDI, isocyanurate HMDI, trimethylolpo~opane-TDI (3 mol) adduct, etc. and various mixtures thereof. The cross-linking agent for use in the esi~er crosslinking method includes, inter olio, polybasic carboxylic acids such as malonic acid, succinic acid, malefic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid,, phthalic acid, iso-phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, itaconic acid, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, dimer acids, etc., lower alkyl esters of said polybasic carboxylic acids, such as the corresponding monomethyl esters, dimethyl esters, monoethyl esters, diethyl esters, monopropyl esters, dipropyl esters, monobut:yl esters, dibutyl esters, etc., and acid anhydridEa of said polybasic carboxylic acids.
The isocyanate crosslinkinc~ reaction can be conducted, for example by mixing an isocyanate with the alkylene oxide polymer in an NCO/OH ratio of 1.5 to 0.5 and heating the mixture at 80 to 150°C for about 1 to 5 hours.
The ester crosslinking reacaion (esterification or transesterification) can be conducted, for example by - to - 2081629 mixing the alkylene oxide polymer with a polybasic carboxylic acid or a lower alkyl ester or anhydride thereof in a functional equivalent ratio of 1:2 through

2:1 and heating the mixture at 120 to 250°C and 10 4 to Torr.
The crosslinked acryloyl- or methacryloyl-termi-nated (hereinafter referred to sometimes as modified) alkylene oxide polymer can be obtained, for example by subjecting an alkylene oxide to addition (ring-opening) polymerization with said active hydrogen compound and, then, subjecting the resulting polymer to esterifica-tion reaction with acrylic or methacrylic acid or to reaction with acryl or methacry:l acid chloride with the elimination of hydrochloric acid for introduction of an acryloyl or methacryloyl group :Lnto the polymer termi-nal, followed by crosslinking b't a suitable crosslink-ing method. The above polymer can also be obtained by reacting the terminal of the alkylene oxide polymer with an isocyanate compound such as 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, 4,4'-di-phenylmethane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate or isophorone diisocyanate, then reacting the reaction product further with hydroxyethyl acrylate or hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate to introduce an acryloyl or meth-acryloyl group at the terminal and finally crosslinking _ il _ 2081629 the modified polymer by a suitable crosslinking method.
The method for crosslinking such an acryloyl- or methacryloyl-terminated alkylene oxide polymer includes irradiation with actinic rays such as ultraviolet light, visible light, electron beam, etc. as well as heating. If necessary, a photopolymerization initiator such as trimethylsilylbenzophenone, benzoin, 2-methyl-benzoin, 4-methoxybenzophenone, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl.
phenyl ketone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetaphenone, benzoin methyl ether, anthraquinone, etc. or a poly-merization initiator such as benzoyl peroxide, per-oxidized methyl ethyl ketone, et=c., can be advan-tageously employed.
The electrically conductivE: polymer composition of the present invention can be produced, for example by dissolving components (A) and (B) in a common solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or the like, heating the solution to remove the solvent to give an alloy and doping the same with component (C). From solubility considera-tion, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is a preferred solvent.
Where the component (B) to be used is a cross-linked alkylene oxide polymer, t:he desired composition can be obtained by dissolving said component (A), alkylene oxide polymer and cross;linking agent in a common solvent, such as dimethy:l sulfoxide, dimethyl-formamide or N-methyl-2-pyrrolic3one, heating the solution for solvent removal and crosslinking to give an (A)-(B) alloy, and finally doping this alloy with component (C).
Where the component (B) to be used is a cross-linked acryloyl- or methacryloyl-terminated alkylene oxide polymer, the composition of the invention can~be obtained by dissolving said component (A) and modified alkylene oxide polymer in a comnnon solvent, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, heating the solution for solvent removal and crosslinking to give an (A)--(B) alloy and finally doping this alloy with component. (C). Of course, crosslinking by irradiation with actinic rays may be carried out during, before or after solvent removal.
The mixing of components (A) and (B) can be advantageously carried out with an ordinary mixer, homogenizer or the like.
The propartions of components (A) and (B) in the electrically conductive polymer composition of the present invention are not particularly limited and may vary according to the intended u.se of the composition.
If the proportion of component (B) exceeds 70$ by weight, the resulting electrically conductive polymer composition may develop surface tackiness but even then the composition can be utilized in secondary cell devices without any serious disadvantage.
The electrically conductive polymer composition may also be obtained by doping component (A) and/or component (B) with component (C) beforehand and, then, admixing them.
Thus, the component (A) polyaniline in the ordi-nary doped state is insoluble in solvents but when the neat polyaniline in the dedoped state is treated with a reducing agent such as hydrazine, phenylhydrazine or hydrazine hydrochloride and, then, doped with an electron acceptor such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), chloranil or tetracyanoethylene, there is obtained an electrically conductive polyaniline which, even in the doped state, is soluble in solvents.
Therefore, when such an electron acceptor-doped poly-aniline is employed, doping after formation of the alloy need not be carried out. Moreover, when the dedoped polyaniline or its reduced form is used as component (A), the alloy formed can be easily doped by dipping it in a protonic acid such as perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfoni~~ acid or the like.
Furthermore, the electrochemical doping method may also be employed.
Furthermore, since the alkylene oxide polymer or a crosslinking product thereof is alloyed as component (B) in the electrically conductive polymer composition, this (optionally crosslinked) alkylene oxide polymer segment can be doped with an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt. It is also possible to dope the alkylene oxide polymer or acryloyl- or methacrylo-yl-terminated version thereof with such a salt prior to alloying or, alternatively, eff~4ct doping with a solu-tion of such salt after formation of said alloy.
There is no particular limitation on the type of alkali metal salt or alkaline e;~rth metal salt which can be used for the doping of component (B). Generally preferred are LiI, LiCI, LiC104, LiSCN, LiBF4, LiAsF6, LiCF3S03, LiCF3C02, LiHgI3, NaI, NaSCN, NaBr, CaCl2, Ca(SCN)2, Ca(C104)2 and so on.
prior doping of said alkylE~ne oxide polymer or acryloyl- or methacryloyl-terminated alkylene oxide polymer can be carried out by dissolving said alkali metal salt or alkaline earth mei:al salt and said alkylene oxide polymer or acryloyl- or methacryl-oyl-terminated alkylene oxide polymer in a common solvent such as acetone, methanol, tetrahydrofuran or the like and removing the solvent by distillation.

Doping after formation of said alloy can be advanta-geously carried out by dipping the alloy in a solution of said alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt in a solvent.
Since the electrically conductive polymer compo-sition of the present invention contains polymer chains showing electronic and ionic conductivities within its structure, it can be used advantageously as the elec-trode material for secondary electric batteries. If necessary, it is possible to design the composition so that it will selectively exhibit either electronic conductivity or ionic conductivity.
Since components (A) and (:B) are fully compatible, they form a polymer alloy having an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) which exhibits a high degree of flexibility which cannot be realized in a film composed exclusively of component (A).
Thus, the electrically conductive polymer composi-tion of the present invention provides a choice of electronic conductivity and/or :ionic conductivity according to the intended application. Moreover, because it is highly processable and flexible, the composition finds application in a variety of uses.
Meanwhile, with the recent trend towards minia-turization and reduced thickness and weight of elec-- 16 -. 2081629 tronic devices, similar requirements have been imposed on the electric cells used as their power sources, too.
Particularly, in the field of lithium secondary cells which offer high voltages, cells using an electrochemi-cally active conductive polymer material such as polypyrrole, polyaniline or pol.yacetylene as the positive electrode material are: attracting attention as power sources promising to fulfil the above require ments. Among these cells, the cell using polyaniline as the positive electrode material is gathering atten-tion as a cell offering a large: discharge capacity and a long cycle life.
However, the conventional polyaniline secondary cell has the disadvantage that although a device with a small discharge current, e.g. s;everal mA, functions more or less satisfactorily, a secondary cell device with a discharge current of tens to hundreds of mA, if designed, would present the problem that this positive electrode material does not provide a sufficiently large capacity commensurate with its increased size.
This is generally attributable to the fact that when a large capacity cell is designed,, the thickness of the positive electrode must be large and, hence, the diffusion of the electrolyte anion into the positive electrode material becomes rate-determining.
A further object of the present invention is to -m - 2081629 overcome the above drawbacks of the conventional positive electrode material and provide a secondary electric cell with a high capacity and a high energy density.
The secondary cell according to this invention comprises, as its positive electrode active material, an electrically conductive polymer composition com-prising (A) a polyaniline, (B) at least one member selected from the class consisting of the homopolymers, block copolymers and random copolymers of alkylene oxide monomers and the crosslinking products thereof; .and (C) at least one member selected from the class consisting of protonic acid anions, alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts.
In the electrically conductive polymer composi-tion, which is used as the positive electrode active material for the secondary cell according to the invention, said components (A) ,and (B) have been molecularly dispersed to form a polymer alloy which has then been doped with said component (C). Since this is tantamount to saying that the positive electrode active material and the electrolyte have been molecularly dispersed, which in turn suggests a minimum of inter-_ 2081629 facial resistance and a rapid diffusion of the anion, both a large capacity and a high energy density are realized in the secondary cell of the invention.
The polyaniline used as component (A) in this invention is the same as the po:Lyaniline mentioned hereinbefore in the description of the first aspect of the invention which is directed to the electrically conductive polymer composition. However, particularly in the non-aqueous secondary cell, the reduced poly-aniline obtainable by reducing ~:.he dedoped polyaniline with a reducing agent such as hydrazine, phenylhydra-zine or hydrazine hydrochloride is preferably employed.
The alkylene oxide polymer or crosslinked alkylene oxide polymer which is used as component (B) is a homopolymer, block copolymer or random copolymer of alkylene oxide monomer or a cro:~slinking product thereof and is the same as the one described herein-before in connection with the first aspect of the present invention.
The production of the elect=rically conductive polymer composition for use as t:he positive electrode material in this invention may also comprise the steps of forming an (A)-(B) alloy and doping the alloy with component (C) or, alternatively,, the steps of doping component (A) and/or component IB) and mixing them.

19 _ 2081629 As described above, the method for production of the electrically conductive polymer composition for use as the positive electrode material in this invention has a high degree of freedom. Among the several versions of the method, the process comprising dis-solving a reduced polyaniline, for component (A), and an alkylene oxide polymer, for component (B), in a common solvent, then either coating the solution on-an appropriate base or support material or dipping the base in the solution, heating t:he resulting coat to dry and give an (A)-(B) alloy film and dipping the alloy film in an alkali metal salt bath for doping is advan-tageous to obtain an electrically conductive polymer composition suitable for use as the positive electrode material. As an alternative, a crosslinking agent may be added immediately after dissolution of components (A) and (B) in a common solvent so as to allow the alkylene oxide polymer to cure _~n the subsequent drying step. The electrically conductive polymer composition obtained by this process is also suitable for use as the positive electrode material., The proportion of component. (A) in the electrical-ly conductive polymer composition for use as the positive electrode material in t:he practice of this invention is 20 to 95% by weight. and preferably 30 to Boa ~ 629 90$ by weight. The proportion of component (B) is 5 to 80$ by weight and preferably 10 to 70$ by weight. The amount of component (C), based on the weight of the (A)-(B) alloy, is preferably 0.01 to 20$ by weight.
As the negative electrode material for the second-ary cell of this invention, polyacetylene, polythio-phene, lithium metal, lithium-aluminum alloy or the like is preferably employed.
The electrolyte that is interposed between the electrodes may for example be a liquid electrolyte obtainable by dissolving an appropriate salt, such as LiI, LiCl, LiC104, LiSCN, LiBF4, LiAsF~ or LiCF3S03, in a liquid medium, for example an organic solvent such as propylene carbonate, a-butyrola~~tone, ethylene carbon-ate, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide or dioxolane, or a liquid low molecular weight polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide or a copolymer thereof. The electrolyte may also be an sonically conductive solid polymer electrolyte obtainable :by dissolving the above-mentioned salt in a high molecular weight substance, such as polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyethylene sulfide, poly-S-propiolactone, polyethyl-ene succinate, etc. and crosslinking products thereof.
In the secondary cell of this invention, the electrically conductive polymer composition obtainable by dispersing a polyaniline and an alkylene oxide polymer or a crosslinking product thereof molecularly to give a polymer alloy and doping this alloy with an alkali metal salt or the like is used as the positive electrode material. Substantially speaking, therefore, the positive electrode active material and the electro-lyte are present as molecularly dispersed in this cell and since this implies a minimwm of interfacial resis-tance and a rapid diffusion of the anion, both a large capacity and a high energy density are realized in the secondary cell of the invention.
Furthermore, since the polymer alloy composed of polyaniline and polymeric alkylene oxide or crosslinked polymeric alkylene oxide as used in this invention yields a film of excellent mechanical strength on removal of the solvent from its solution by heating or the like, it contributes greatly to the dependability of the positive electrode.
Therefore, the secondary cell of this invention has a large capacity and a high energy density.
Furthermore, the positive electrode material for the secondary cell of this invention can be manufactured by a simple procedure such as coating, the manufacturing process is less complicated as <:ompared with the manufacture of the prior art pasitive electrode mate-- 22 - 2081 b29 rials which involves compression molding and other procedures.
Meanwhile, with the recent demand for reduced size, thickness and weight of electronic devices, capacitors for use in circuits are also required to be smaller in size.
The conventional aluminum foil electrolytic capacitor for use as a large capacity device employs an electrolyte but because of its ;poor high frequency characteristics and risk of electrolyte leakage, it cannot be surface-mounted and is difficult to build into a chip.
Recently, a solid electrolyte capacitor has been implemented by using an electri~~ally conductive complex of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimetihane as a substitute for the electrolyte solution and marked improvements have been achieved in high frequency characteristics.
However, this complex is not satisfactory in solder dip resistance and cannot be easily built into a chip.
More recently, a solid electrolyte capacitor utilizing polypyrrole, an electrically conductive substance, has been proposed an<i implemented (Japanese Kokai Patent Publication No. 63-158829). This capa-citor comprises an electrically conductive precoating layer deposited on an anodized :Film which is an insu-lator and, as superimposed thereon, an electrically conductive polypyrrole layer formed by electrolytic polymerization. Moreover, to simplify the manufac-turfing process, there has been proposed a technique which employs a solvent-soluble polyaniline in lieu of said polypyrrole and constructs an electrically conduc-tive polymeric layer by coating (Japanese Kokai Patent Publication No. 3-35516).
These capacitors are satisfactory in performance, showing low high-frequency impedance and high heat resistance. However, as problems they share in common because of the use of an electronically conductive polymer as the solid electrolyte, they are poor in the capability to reoxidize defective parts of the anodized film and thereby reduce the leak current (hereinafter referred to as self-repairing action). Moreover, the aging process required following fabrication of a capacitor is sometimes a time-consuming process and the product yield is poor.
The object of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of capacitors utilizing an electrically conductive polymer as the solid electro-lyte and provide a solid electrolyte capacitor with improved high frequency characteristics, high dependa-bility and good self-repairing action.

The solid electrolyte capacitor according to this invention comprises an anodized layer of an oxide film-forming metal and, as disposed thereon, a solid electrolyte layer formed from an electrically conduc-tine polymer composition comprising (A) a polyaniline;
(B) at least one member selected from the class consisting of the homopolymers, block copolymers and random copolymers of alkylene oxide monomers and the crosslinking products thereof;
(C) at least one member selected from the class consisting of protonic acid anions, alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts and organic salts.
In the electrically conductive polymer composition to be used as the solid electrolyte in the solid electrolyte capacitor of this invention, said compo-vents (A) and (B) have been molecularly dispersed to form a polymer alloy which has then been doped with said component (C).
This electrically conductive polymer composition exhibits high electronic conductivity when component (A) has been doped with component (C) and is sonically conductive when component (B) has been doped with component (C). Therefore, when both components (A) and (B) have been doped with component (C), the electrical-_ z5 _ 2081629 ly conductive polymer composition is electronically and ionically conductive. When such an electrically conductive polymer composition is used as the solid electrolyte, its electronic conductivity contributes to its electrical conductivity for the most part, while its ionic conductivity contributes to its rapid self-repairing action.
The polyaniline used as component (A) in this invention is the same as the polyaniline mentioned hereinbefore in the description of the invention directed to the electrically conductive polymer com-position.
The alkylene oxide polymer or the crosslinking product thereof, which is used as component (B), is the same as that described in connection with the invention directed to the electrically conductive polymer compo-sition, thus being selected from the class consisting of the homopolymer, block copolymer and random copoly-mer of monomeric alkylene oxide and the corresponding crosslinked polymers.
The method for producing the electrically conduc-tive polymer composition for use as the solid electro-lyte layer in this invention may also comprise the steps of preparing an (A)-(B) alloy and doping the allay with component (C) or, alternatively, the steps of doping component (A) and/or component (B) with com-ponent (C) and mixing them.
There is no particular limitation on the kind of alkali metal salt, alkaline earth metal salt or organic salt to be used for the doping of component (B). The preferred species of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt include lithium iodide, lithium chloride, lithium perchlorate, lithium thiocyanate, lithium tetraborofluoride, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium iodide, sodium thiocyanate, sodium bromide, magnesium perchlorate, calcium perchlorate and so on.
The preferred organic salts are ammonium adipate, ammonium benzoate, ammonium azelate and so on.
As will be seem from the foregoing description, the method for producing the electrically conductive polymer solid electrolyte of the present invention features a high degree of freedom. In this solid electrolyte, the proportion of component (A) is 20 to 98s by weight and preferably 50 to 95% by weight and that of component (B) is 2 to 80% by weight and pre-ferably 5 to 50% by weight. The preferred proportion of component (C) relative to the {A)-(B) alloy is 0.01 to 20 o by weight.
The cathode of the solid electrolyte capacitor of the invention may for example be a dielectric oxide film formed on aluminum or tantalum which is a valve metal.
The method for manufacture of the solid electro-lyte capacitor of this invention may for example comprise preparing an (A)-(B) alloy solution as des-cribed hereinbefore, depositing the solution on the dielectric oxide film by dipping or coating, heating the same to form a film and finally doping the film-with component (C).
The solid electrolyte capacitor of this invention has an excellent self-repairing action and a low high frequency impedance, thus being of an unprecedentedly high performance.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
Fig. 1 is a schematic view illustrating the test cell used in the evaluation of ~~haracteristics of the secondary electric cell of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE :PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Examples of synthesis of polyaniline are presented below.
Example of Synthesis 1 (synthesis of dedoped poly-aniline) A 1-liter four-necked flask fitted with a stirrer, thermometer, cooling condenser and drip funnel was charged with 20 g of aniline, 1.B ml of hydrochloric acid and 250 ml of water. After cooling to 0°C, a solution of 49 g of ammonium persulfate in 120 g of water was added dropwise over 4 hours. The mixture was then stirred for an additional 1 hour and the precipi-tate was recovered by filtration, rinsed and washed with methanol until the washings became clear. Then, this solid was dispersed in 500 ml of 4 N aqueous ammonia and stirred for 4 hours. The solid was then recovered by filtration, rinsed until the aqueous washings became neutral, and washed with methanol until the washings became clear. The solid was recovered by filtration and dried in vacuo to give 10.2 g of dedoped polyaniline which was dark brown in color. This product was soluble in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
Example of Synthesis 2 ( synthesis of reduced form of dedoped polyaniline) In 98 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was dissolved 2 g of the dedoped polyaniline obtained in Example of Synthesis l, followed by addition of 0.8 g of phenyl-hydrazine. After completion of the reaction, the reaction product was precipitated from acetone and the precipitate was recovered by fi:Ltration, washed with acetone and dried. In this manner, 1.6 g of the title polyaniline, gray in color, was obtained.
Examples of synthesis of a:Lkylene oxide polymers - 29 _ 2081629 are presented below.
Example of Synthesis 3 (synthesis of alkylene oxide polymer B-1) A 5-liter autoclave was charged with 212 g of diethylene glycol, 4 g of potas:~ium hydroxide as the catalyst and 1,788 g of ethylenE_ oxide and the addition polymerization reaction was conducted at 120°C for 8 hours. The reaction product was desalted to give 1;950 g of an ethylene oxide homopolymer with a number average molecular weight of 1,000 (calculated from the hydroxyl value).
Example of Synthesis 4 (synthesis of alkylene oxide polymer B-2) A 5-liter autoclave was charged with 212 g of diethylene glycol, 12 g of potassium hydroxide as the catalyst, 1,894 g of ethylene oxide and 1,894 g of propylene oxide and the addition polymerization reac-tion was then conducted at 120°C'_ for 8 hours. The reaction product was desalted to give 3,980 g of an ethylene oxide-propylene oxide random copolymer with a number average molecular weight of 4,000 (calculated from the hydroxyl value).
Example of Synthesis 5 (synthesis of alkylene oxide polymer B-3) A 5-liter autoclave was charged with 368 g of glycerol, 4.8 g of potassium hydroxide as the catalyst and 2,032 g of ethylene oxide and the addition polyme-rization reaction was conducted at 120°C for 8 hours and, then, purified by desalting. In this manner, 2,390 g of an ethylene oxide hornopolymer with a number average molecular weight of 600 (calculated from the hydroxyl value) was obtained.
Example of Synthesis 6 (synthesis of alkylene oxide polymer B-4) A 5-liter autoclave was ch<irged with 184 g of glycerol, 12.0 g of potassium hydroxide as the catalyst and 3,816 g of ethylene oxide and the addition polyme-rization reaction was conducted at 130°C for 4 hours and, then, purified by desalting. In this manner,

3,940 g of an ethylene oxide homopolymer with a number average molecular weight of 2,000 (calculated from the hydroxyl value) was obtained.
Example of Synthesis 7 (synthesis of alkylene oxide polymer B-5) A 5-liter autoclave was charged with 92 g of glycerol, 9 g of potassium hydroxide as the catalyst, 2,326 g of ethylene oxide and 581 g of propylene oxide and the addition polymerization reaction was conducted at 120°C for 8 hours and, then, purified by desalting.
In this manner, 2,994 g of an ethylene oxide-propylene oxide random copolymer with a number average molecular weight of 3,000 (calculated from the hydroxyl value) was obtained.
Example of Synthesis 8 (synthesis of alkylene oxide polymer B-6) A 10-liter autoclave was charged with 92 g of glycerol, 10 g of potassium hydroxide as the catalyst, 2,454 g of ethylene oxide and 2,454 g of propylene oxide and the addition polymerization reaction was conducted at 120°C for 8 hours .and, then, purified by desalting. In this manner, 4,9'90 g of an ethylene oxide-propylene oxide random copalymer with a number average molecular weight of 5,000 (calculated from the hydroxyl value) was obtained.
Example of Synthesis 9 (synthesis of alkylene oxide polymer B-7) A 10-liter autoclave was clZarged with 92 g of glycerol, 21 g of potassium hydroxide as the catalyst, 1,382 g of ethylene oxide and 5,,526 g of propylene oxide and the addition polymerization reaction was conducted at 120°C for 8 hours <ind, then, purified by desalting. In this manner, 6,990 g of an ethylene oxide-propylene oxide random copolymer with a number average molecular weight of 7,000 (calculated from the hydroxyl value) was obtained.

Example of Synthesis 10 (s5rnthesis of alkylene oxide polymer B-11) A 5-liter autoclave was charged with 182 g of sorbitol, 9 g of potassium hydroxide as the catalyst and 1,409 g of ethylene oxide and the reaction was conducted at 120°C for 4 hours. Then, 1,409 g of 1,2-epoxybutane was added and the reaction was further continued at 120°C for 7 hours, followed by desalting.
In this manner, 2,990 g of an ethylene oxide-1,2-epoxy-butane block copolymer with a number average molecular weight of 3,000 (calculated from the hydroxyl value) was obtained.
Examples of the alkylene oxide polymers which can be employed in accordance with this invention are shown in Table 1.

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4-terminal method.
Ex amp 1 a .L
In 9.5 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was dissolved 0.5 g of the polyaniline powder obtained in Example of Synthesis 1, followed by addition of 0.5 g of the alkylene oxide polymer B-3 obta:fined in Example of Synthesis 5 with stirring to prepare a homogeneous solution. This solution was cast on a glass sheet and dried at 150°C for 30 minutes to give a self-supporting film with a shakudo-colored gloss. This film was immersed in a 20% aqueous solution of p-toluenesulfonic acid for 24 hours. The film waa then rinsed, washed with acetone and dried to give a self-supporting film with a deep blue color.
The electrical conductivit~~r of this film, which was electronic, was 2S/cm and the frequency dependence of electric conductivity was low. The film had a tensile strength of 650 kgf/cm2 and an elongation of 110$.
Example 2 In 9.5 g of N-methyl-2-pyr:rolidone was dissolved 0.5 g of the polyaniline powder obtained in Example of 2081b29 Synthesis 2, followed by addition of 0.002 g of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). Then, 0.2 g of the alkylene oxide polymer B-1 obtained in Example of Synthesis 3 was added and starred well to dissolve.
This solution was cast on a glass sheet and dried at 160°C for 30 minutes to give a ;self-supporting film having a deep blue color.
The electrical conductivity of this film, which was electronic, was 0.5 S/cm, with substantially no frequency dependence of electrical conductivity (10 Hz 200 KHz). The film had a tensile strength of 810 kgf /cm2 and an elongation of 60'0 .
Example 3 In N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was dissolved 0.5 g of the polyaniline powder obtained in Example of Synthesis 1, followed by addition of alkylene oxide polymer B-5 previously doped with lithium p~~rchlorate (doping was performed by dissolving 0.05 g of lithium perchlorate in 1 g of methanol, adding 0.45 g of the alkylene oxide polymer B-5 obtained in Example of Synthesis 7, and after thorough mixing, distilling the methanol off) and the mixture was stirred well to dissolve. This solu-tion was cast on a glass plate and dried at 150°C for 30 minutes to give a self-supporting film with a deep blue gloss.

The electrical conductivity of this film at room temperature was 10 5S/cm and the temperature-dependence of electrical conductivity was the WLF (Williams-Landel-Ferry) dependence characteristic of ionic conductance.
This film was immersed in 10% HC104 solution for hours, after which it washed with methanol and dried to give a flexible self-supporting film with a deep-blue color. This film exhibited an electronic conduc-tivity of 4S/cm and an ionic conductivity of 10 5S/cm.
The film had a tensile strength of 710 kgf/cm2 and an elongation of 95%.
Example 4 To a solution of 0.005 g of TCNQ in 9.5 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was added 0.5 g of the polyani-line powder obtained in Example of Synthesis 2, follow-ed by addition of 0.4 g of alky:lene oxide polymer B-7 previously doped with 0.05 g of lithium perchlorate in the same manner as Example 3. ;4fter dissolution under stirring, the resulting solution was cast on a glass sheet and dried at 150°C for 30 minutes to give a self-supporting film with a deep blue gloss. This film exhibited an electronic conductivity of 0.9S/cm and an ionic conductivity of 10 4S/cm. The film had a tensile strength of 680 kgf/cm2 and an elongation of 80%.

Example 5 In 9.5 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was dissolved 0.5 g of the polyaniline powder obtained in Example of Synthesis 1, followed by addition of 0.4 g of alkylene oxide polymer B-11 previously doped with 0.06 g of sodium perchlorate as in Example 3, with stirring. The resulting solution was cast on a glass sheet and dried at 150°C for 30 minutes to give a self-supporting film with a deep blue color.
The electrical conductivity of this film at room temperature was 10 5S/cm. The film exhibited ionic conductance.
Example 6 In 9.5 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was dissolved 0.5 g of the polyaniline powder obtained in Example of Synthesis 1. To this solution 'was added 0.5 g of the alkylene oxide polymer B-6 obtained in Example of Synthesis 8 and the mixture was stirred well. The resulting solution was cast on a glass sheet and dried at 150°C for 30 minutes to give a self-supporting film with a deep blue color. This film was immersed in a 10°s aqueous solution of perchloric acid containing 50 of lithium perchlorate for 10 hours, at the end of which time it was rinsed, washed with methanol and dried.

This film showed an electronic conductivity of 2.55/cm and an ionic conductivity of 10 5S/cm. The film had a tensile strength of E>60 kgf/cm2 and an elongation of 1050.
Comparative Example 1 In 9.5 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was dissolved 0.5 g of the polyaniline powder obtained in Example of Synthesis 1. This solution was cast on a glass sheet and dried at 150°C for 30 minutes to prepare a film with a shakudo-colored gloss. This film was immersed in a 20% aqueous solution of p-t:oluenesulfonic acid far 24 hours. The film was then rinsed, washed with acetone and dried to give a self:-supporting film with a deep blue color.
The electrical conductivity of this film, which was electronic, was 2.25/cm. The film had a tensile strength of 680 kgf/cm2 and an elongation of 2°s.
The above film was immersed. in 10 g of methanol containing 2 g of lithium perchl.orate for 24 hours, after which time it was rinsed, washed with acetone and dried. The electrical conductivity of this film was measured but no ionic conductivity was found.
Example 7 In 9.5 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was dissolved 0.5 g of the polyaniline powder obtained in Example of Synthesis 1. To this solution were added the alkylene oxide polymer H-2 (0.5 g) obtained in Example of Synthesis 4 and hexamethylene d~_isocyanate in an NCO/OH
ratio of 1.0, followed by stirring to dissolve them.
The solution thus obtained was east on a glass sheet and cured at 150°C for 30 minutes to prepare a self-supporting film with a deep bluE: gloss. This film was immersed in a 20% aqueous solution of p-toluenesulfonic acid for 24 hours. The immerseti film was rinsed, washed with acetone and dried to give a self-supporting film with a deep blue color.
The electrical conductivity of this film, which was electronic, was 1S/cm and the frequency dependence of electrical conductivity was low. The film had a tensile strength of 710 kgf/cm2 and an elongation of 170%.
Example 8 In 9.5 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was dissolved 0.5 g of the polyaniline powder obtained in Example of Synthesis 2, followed by addition of 0.002 g of TCNQ.
Then, 0.2 g of the alkylene oxide polymer B-1 obtained in Example of Synthesis 3, 8 mg of dimethyl terephthal-ate and one drop of 1% aqueous 7Lithium hydroxide solu-tion were added and the mixture was stirred well to dissolve. This solution was ca:>t on a glass sheet and the resulting film was cured at 0.1 Torr and 160°C for 60 minutes to give a self-supporting film with a deep blue color.
The electrical conductivity of this film, which was electronic, was 0.35/cm and the frequency depen-dence of electrical conductivity was negligible (10 Hz 200 KHz). The film had a tensile strength of 600 kgf /cm2 and an elongation of 93's .
Example !9 In N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was dissolved 0.5 g of the polyaniline powder obtained in Example of Synthesis 1, followed by addition of 0.05 g of lithium perchlo-rate, 0.5 g of the alkylene oxi<ie polymer B-5 obtained in Example of Synthesis 7 and a sufficient amount of 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate to make an NCO/OH ratio of 1 and the mixture was stirred to <iissolve. This solution was cast on a glass sheet and dried at 150°C for 30 minutes to give a self-supporting film with a deep blue gloss. The electrical conducti«ity of this film was 5S/cm at room temperature and the temperature dependence of electrical conductivity was the WLF
dependence characteristic of ionic conductance.
The above film was immersed in loo HC104 solution for 10 hours, after which it wa:~ washed with methanol and dried to give a flexible se7~f-supporting film with a deep blue color. The film exhibited an electronic conductivity of 35/cm and an ionic conductivity of 5S/cm. The film had a tensile strength of 600 kgf /cm2 and an elongation of 123 0 .
Example 10 To a solution of 0.005 g of TCNQ in 9.5 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was added 0.5 g of the poly-aniline powder obtained in Example of Synthesis 2. On the other hand, to the alkylene oxide polymer B-7 obtained in Example of Synthesis 9 was added 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate in an NCO/OH ratio of 1 and the crosslinking reaction was conducted at 120°C for 40 minutes, at the end of which time 0.04 g of lithium perchlorate was added as a dopant. A 0.4 gram portion of this crosslinked alkylene oxide polymer was added and dissolved in the above polyaniline solution with stirring. This solution was cart on a glass sheet and dried at 150°C for 30 minutes to give a self-supporting film with a deep blue gloss.
This film exhibited an electronic conductivity of 0.35/cm and an ionic conductivity of 10 4S/cm. The film had a tensile strength of 580 kgf/cm2 and an elongation of 120 0.
Exampla 1.1 In 9.5 g of N-methyl-2-pyrralidone was dissolved 0.5 g of the polyaniline powder- obtained in Example of Synthesis 1, followed by addition of the alkylene oxide polymer B-11 previously doped with sodium perchlorate (prepared by dissolving 0.06 g of sodium perchlorate in 1 g of methanol, adding 0.4 g of the alkylene oxide polymer B-11 obtained in Example of Synthesis 10 thereto with stirring to give a homogeneous solution, and finally removing the methar.~ol by distillation) and isophorone diisocyanate in an NfCO/OH ratio of 1 with stirring to give a solution. This solution was cast on a glass sheet and dried at 150°C for 30 minutes to give a self-supporting film with a deep blue gloss. The film exhibited an ionic conductivity of 10 5S/cm at room temperature.
Example 12 In 9.5 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was dissolved 0.5 g of the polyaniline powder obtained in Example of Synthesis 1, followed by addition of 0.5 g of the alkylene oxide polymer B-6 obtained in Example of Synthesis 8 and 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate in an NCO/OH
ratio of 1 with stirring. The resulting solution was cast on a glass sheet and dried at 150°C for 30 minutes to prepare a self-supporting film with a deep blue color. This film was immersed in a 10°s aqueous solu-tion of perchloric acid containing 5°s of lithium perchlorate for 10 hours, after which time it was rinsed, washed with methanol and dried.
This film exhibited an electronic conductivity of 1.35/cm and an ionic conductivity of 10 5S/cm. The film had a tensile strength of 600 kgf/cm2 and an elongation of 1300.
Examples of synthesis of a~~ryloyl- or methacrylo-yl-terminated alkylene oxide polymers are presented below.
Example of Synthesis 11 (synthesis of acryloyl-terminated alkylene oxide polymer B-12) A 5-liter autoclave was charged with 212 g of diethylene glycol, 4 g of potassium hydroxide as the catalyst and 1,788 g of ethylene oxide and the addition polymerization reaction was conducted at 120°C for 8 hours and the reaction product was purified by desalt-ing to give 1,950 g of an ethylene oxide homopolymer with a number average molecular weight of 1,000 (cal-culated from the hydroxyl value).
Then, a reactor was charged with 1,000 g of the above polymer, 180 g of acrylic acid, 2,000 g of toluene and, as the catalyst, 11) g of sulfuric acid and the mixture was refluxed with constant stirring and removal of water for 10 hours. The reaction mixture was then neutralized and desalte=d to give 1,050 g of an acryloyl-terminated ethylene oxide polymer.
Example of Synthesis 12 (synthesis of acryloyl-terminated alkylene oxide polymer B-13) A 5-liter autoclave was charged with 212 g of diethylene glycol, 12 g of potassium hydroxide as the catalyst, 1,894 g of ethylene oxide and 1,894 g of propylene oxide and the addition polymerization reac-tion was conducted at 120°C for 8 hours and, then, desalted to give 3,980 g of an ethylene oxide-propylene oxide random copolymer with a number average molecular weight of 4,000 (calculated from the hydroxyl value).
A reactor was charged with 1,000 g of the above polymer, 43.3 g of acrylic acid, 2,000 g of toluene and, as the catalyst, 10 g of sulfuric acid and the mixture was reacted and after-treated as in Example of Synthesis 11 to give 1,015 g of an acryloyl-terminated ethylene oxide-propylene oxide random copolymer. _ Example of Synthesis 13 (synthesis of acryloyl-terminated alkylene oxide ;polymer B-15) A 5-liter autoclave was charged with 184 g of glycerol, 12.0 g of potassium hydroxide as a catalyst and 3,816 g of ethylene oxide and the addition polymeri-nation reaction was conducted at 130°C for 4 hours.
The reaction product was then desalted to give 3,940 g of an ethylene oxide homopolymer with a number average molecular weight of 2,000 (calculated from the hydroxyl value).
Then, a reactor was charged with 1,000 g of the above polymer, 130 g of acrylic acid, 2,000 g of toluene and, as the catalyst, 10 g of sulfuric acid and the mixture was reacted and treated as in Example of Synthesis 11 to give 1,040 g of an acryloyl-terminated ethylene oxide polymer.
Example of Synthesis 14 (synthesis of acryloyl-terminated alkylene oxide polymer B-16) A 5-liter autoclave was charged with 92 g of glycerol, 9 g of potassium hydroxide as a catalyst, 2,326 g of ethylene oxide and 5.31 g of propylene oxide and the addition polymerization reaction was conducted at 120°C for 8 hours and, then, desalted to give 2,994 g of an ethylene oxide-propylene oxide random copolymer with a number average molecular weight of 3,000 (cal-culated from the hydroxyl value).
A reactor was charged with 1,000 g of the above polymer, 87 g of acrylic acid, 2,000 g of toluene and, as the catalyst, 10 g of sulfuric acid and the mixture was reacted and after-treated as in Example of Synthe-sis 11 to give 1,030 g of an acryloyl-terminated ethylene oxide-propylene oxide ;random copolymer.

Example of Synthesis 15 (synthesis of acryloyl-terminated alkylene oxide polymer B-17) A 10-liter autoclave was charged with 92 g of glycerol, 10 g of patassium hydroxide as a catalyst, 2,454 g of ethylene oxide and 2,454 g of propylene oxide and the addition polymerization reaction was conducted at 120°C for 8 hours .and the reaction product was purified by desalting to give 4,990 g of an ethyl-ene oxide-propylene oxide random copolymer with a number average molecular weight of 5,000 (calculated from the hydroxyl value).
Then, a reactor was charged with 1,000 g of the above polymer, 52 g of acrylic acid, 2,000 g of toluene and, as the catalyst, 10 g of sulfuric acid and the mixture was reacted and after-treated as in Example of Synthesis 11 to give 1,010 g of an acryloyl-terminated ethylene oxide-propylene oxide :random copolymer.
Example of Synthesis 16 (synthesis of methacrylo-yl-terminated alkylene oxide polymer B-18) A 10-niter autoclave was clZarged with 92 g of glycerol, 21 g of potassium hydroxide as a catalyst, 1,382 g of ethylene oxide and 5,526 g of propylene oxide and the addition polymeri;.ation reaction was conducted at 120°C for 8 hours and, then, desalted to give 6,990 g of an ethylene oxide-propylene oxide - 47 _ 2081629 random copolymer with a number average molecular weight of 7,000 (calculated from the hydroxyl value).
Then, a reactor was charged with 1,000 g of the above polymer, 44 g of methacrylic acid, 2,000 g of toluene and, as the catalyst, 10 g of sulfuric acid and the mixture was reacted and aftEsr-treated as in Example of Synthesis 11 to give 1,005 g of a methacryloyl-terminated ethylene oxide-propylene oxide random copolymer.
Example of Synthesis 17 (synthesis of acryloyl-terminated alkylene oxide polymer B-22) A 5-liter autoclave was charged with 182 g of sorbitol, 9 g of potassium hydroxide as a catalyst and 1,409 g of ethylene oxide and the polymerization reaction was conducted at 120°C for 4 hours. Then, 1,409 g of 1,2-epoxybutane was :Lntroduced and the reaction was further continued <~t 120°C for 7 hours.
The reaction product was then purified by desalting to give 2,990 g of an ethylene oxide-1,2-epoxybutane block copolymer with a number average molecular weight of 3,000 (calculated from the hydroxyl value).
Then, a reactor was charged with 1,000 g of the above polymer, 173 g of acrylic acid, 2,000 g of toluene and, as the catalyst, 10 g of sulfuric acid and the mixture was reacted and after-treated as in Example of Synthesis 11 to give 1,050 g of an acryloyl-termi-nated ethylene oxide-1,2-epoxybutane block copolymer.
The following is a partial list of the acryloyl-and methacryloyl-terminated alkylene oxide polymers which can be used in accordance with the invention.

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z w Example 13 In 9.5 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was dissolved 0.5 g of the polyaniline powder obtained in Example of Synthesis 1, followed by addition of 0.5 g of the acryloyl-terminated alkylene oxide polymer B-13 obtain-ed in Example of Synthesis 12 a:nd 0.001 g of benzoyl peroxide with stirring to prepare a homogeneous solu-tion. This solution was cast on a glass sheet and dried at 150°C for 30 minutes to give a self-supporting film with a deep blue gloss. Tllis film was immersed in a 20~ aqueous solution of p-toluenesulfonic acid for 24 hours. The film was then rinsed, washed with acetone and dried to give a self-suppori:.ing film with a deep blue color.
The electrical conductivity of this film, which was electronic, was 2.1S/cm and the frequency depen-dence of electrical conductivit~~ was low. The film had a tensile strength of 820 kgf/crn~ and an elongation of 250 0.
Example 14 In 9.5 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was dissolved 0.5 g of the polyaniline powder obtained in Example of Synthesis 2, followed by addition of 0.002 g of TCNQ.
To this solution were further added 0.2 g of the acryloyl-terminated alkylene ox~_de polymer B-12 obtain-ed in Example of Synthesis 11 and 0.001 g of benzoyl peroxide with stirring to prepare a homogeneous solu-tion. This solution was cast on a glass sheet and cured at 160°C for 60 minutes to give a self-supporting film with a deep blue color.
The electrical conductivity of this film, which was electronic, was 0.8S/cm and. the frequency depen-dence of electrical conductivity was virtually absent (10 Hz ~ 200 KHz). The film ha.d a tensile strength. of 890 kgf/cm2 and an elongation of 105%.
Example 1.5 In N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was dissolved 0.5 g of the polyaniline powder obtained) in Example of Synthesis 1, followed by addition of 0.05 g of lithium perchlo-rate, 0.5 g of the acryloyl-terminated alkylene oxide polymer B-16 obtained in Examp7.e of Synthesis 14 and 0.002 g of benzoyl peroxide wit=h stirring to prepare a homogeneous solution. This so7.ution was cast on a glass sheet and dried at 150°C for 30 minutes to give a self-supporting film with a dee=p blue gloss.
The electrical conductivity of this film at room temperature was 10 5S/cm and the temperature dependence of electrical conductivity was the WLF dependence characteristic of ionic conduct=ance.
The above film was immerse=d in 10°s HC104 solution for 10 hours. The film was then washed with methanol and dried to give a flexible self-supporting film with a deep blue color. The electri~~al conductivity of this film exhibited an electronic conductivity of 2.3S/cm and an ionic conductivity of 10 5S/cm. The film had a tensile strength of 780 kgf/cm2 and an elongation of 195x.
Examp 1 a 1 ~6 In 9.5 g of N-methyl-2-pyr:rolidone was dissolved 0.005 g of TCNQ followed by addition of 0.5 g of the polyaniline powder obtained in lExample of Synthesis 2.
Separately, 0.005 g of 2-methylbenzoin was added to 0.5 g of the methacryloyl-terminated alkylene oxide polymer B-18 obtained in Example of Synthesis 16 and the crosslinking reaction was carried out by ultraviolet irradiation at the intensity of 7 mW/cm2. This cross-linked polymer was further doped with 0.04 g of lithium perchlorate to give a methacryloyl-terminated cross-linked alkylene oxide polymer. A 0.4 g portion of this modified polymer was added and dissolved in the poly-aniline solution prepared above, with stirring. This solution was cast on a glass sheet and dried at 150°C
for 30 minutes to give a self-supporting film with a deep blue gloss.
This film exhibited an electronic conductivity of 0.55/cm and an ionic conductivity of 10 45/cm. The film had a tensile strength of ~~20 kgf/cm2 and an elongation of 180%.
Example 1',l In 9.5 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was dissolved 0.5 g of the polyaniline powder obtained in Example of Synthesis 1, followed by addition of acryloyl-terminat-ed alkylene oxide polymer B-22 previously doped with sodium perchlorate (prepared by dissolving 0.06 g of.
sodium perchlorate in 1 g of mei=hanol, adding 0.4 g of the acryloyl-terminated alkylene~ oxide polymer obtained in Example of Synthesis 17 with stirring to give a homogenous solution and removing the methanol by distillation) and 0.004 g of 4-rnethoxybenzophenone to give a solution. This solution was cast on a glass sheet, irradiated with ultraviolet light at 7 mW/cm2, and dried at 150°C for 30 minutes to prepare a self-supporting film with a deep blue gloss.
The electrical conductivity of this film, which was ionic, was 10 5S/cm at room temperature.
Example 18 In 9.5 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was dissolved 0.5 g of the polyaniline powder obtained in Example of Synthesis 1, followed by addition of 0.5 g of the acryloyl-terminated alkylene oxide polymer B-17 obtain-ed in Example of Synthesis 15, and the mixture was stirred well. The solution was cast on a glass sheet, irradiated with an electro-curtain type electron beam irradiator E200KV, 5 Mrad) for crosslinking and dried at 150°C for 30 minutes to prepare a self-supporting film with a deep blue color. This film was immersed in a 10~ aqueous solution of perchloric acid containing 5~
of lithium perchlorate for 10 hours, after which it was rinsed, washed with methanol and dried.
The above film exhibited an electronic conducti-vity of 1.35/cm and an ionic conductivity of 10 5S/cm.
The film had a tensile strength of 600 kgf/cm2 and an elongation of 130°s.
Example 19 In 9.5 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone were dissolved 0.5 g of the reduced polyaniline obtained in Example of Synthesis 2 and the alkylene oxide polymer B-4 obtained in Example of Synthesis 6 to prepare a homogeneous solution. This solution was coated on a stainless steel mat (1 cm in diameter) anal dried at 150°C for 30 minutes. After drying, the coated mat was immersed in a solution of LiBF4 in methanol (2 moles/liter) for 20 hours and, then, dried at 80°C and 10 2 Torr for 10 hours to give a positive electrode material.
Using the above material for the positive electrode, a porous polypropylene film as the separat-or, a lithium foil for the negative electrode, and a solution of LiBF4 in propylene carbonate (3 moles/lit-er) for the electrolyte, the test cell illustrated in Fig. 1 was fabricated and the cell characteristic was measured by repeated charge-discharge with a constant current of 5 mA/cm2.
In Fig. 1, the collectors .are shown at 11 and 15, the positive electrode at 12, t:he separator and elec-trolyte at 13, the negative electrode at 14, the positive pole lead at 16, the negative pole lead at 17, and containers made of polytetrafluoroethylene at 18 and 19.
Example 20 Except that tolylene diisocyanate was added to the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solution in an NCO/OH (OH in alkylene oxide polymer) ratio of 1 in preparing the positive electrode material, the procedure of Example 19 was repeated and the cell characteristic was eva-luated.
Example 21 Except that the alkylene oxide polymer B-6 obtain-ed in Example of Synthesis 8 was used in an amount of 0.2 g in preparing the positive electrode material, the procedure of Example 19 was repeated and the cell characteristic was evaluated.

Example 2~'.
Except that 0.5 g of the dE:doped polyaniline obtained in Example of Synthesi:~ 2 and 0.6 g of alkyl-ene oxide polymer $-7 previously doped with 0.05 g of LiC104 were used in preparing the positive electrode material, the procedure of Example 19 was repeated and the cell characteristic was evaluated.
Comparative Example 2 Except that a polyaniline electrode prepared by electrolytic polymerization in an aqueous solution containing 1 mole/R, of aniline and 2 moles/, of HBF4 with a constant current of 2 mA/cm2 using a stainless steel mat as the electrode was used as the positive electrode material, the procedure of Example 19 was repeated and the cell characteristic was determined.
Comparative Example 3 Except that 15 mg of the rE:duced polyaniline obtained in Example of Synthesis 2 was pressed into a film at 100 kg/cm2 and the film was used as the posi-tine electrode material, the procedure of Example 19 was repeated and the cell characaeristic was deter-mined.
The results of cell evaluai=ions in Examples 19 to 22 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3 are presented below in Table 3.

_ 5~ _ Table 3 Results of evaluation Comparative E:xamp le Examp 1 a Discharge capacity (mAh) 40 25 31 28 7 3 Example 2:3 In 9.0 g of N-methyl-2-pyr:rolidone were dissolved 0.9 g of the dedoped polyaniline obtained in Example of Synthesis 1 and 0.1 g of the allkylene oxide polymer B-4 obtained in Example of Synthesis 6 to prepare a homo-geneous solution. In this solution was immersed a positive electrode foil (anode area 1 cm2, capacitance in liquid 1 uF) prepared by forming a dielectric oxide film on a 50 uxn thick etched aluminum foil and provid-ing the foil with a positive po:Le lead for 3 minutes.
After being removed from tile solution, the posi-tive electrode foil was dried ait 150°C for 10 minutes to remove the solvent. As a result, a blue purple film was formed on the positive eleci:.rode foil.
This positive electrode fo:Ll was immersed in an aqueous solution containing 10~ of p-toluenesulfonic acid and 10°s of ammonium adipate for 5 hours. The foil removed from the solution was rinsed, washed with methanol and dried at 80°C for 3 hours. Then, a negative pole lead was formed w:ith a silver paste to provide a solid electrolyte capacitor.
A direct current potential of 20V was applied to this capacitor and the time to reach a leakage current value of <-_1 uA, cell capacity and 100 KHz equivalent series resistance were determinE~d.
Example 24 A homogeneous solution was prepared from 0.8 g of the dedoped polyaniline obtained in Example of Syn-.
thesis 1, 0.05 g of lithium per<:hlorate, 0.2 g of the alkylene oxide polymer B-7 obta_Lned in Example of Synthesis 9 and a sufficient amount of 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate to make an NCO/OH ratio of 1. Then, a thin film was formed on a positive electrode foil as in Example 23 and the foil was imme=rsed in a 10~ aqueous solution of p-toluenesulfonic ac=id for 5 hours.
Then, a solid electrolyte c=apacitor was fabricated and its performance was tested as in Example 23.
Example 2'.i The procedure of Example 2.3 was repeated except that the alkylene oxide polymer B-2 obtained in Example of Synthesis 4 was employed and a solid electrolyte capacitor was fabricated. The performance of this capacitor was evaluated as in Example 23.
Example 2Ei The procedure of Example 2:3 was repeated except _ 59 -that 0.5 g of the dedoped polya;niline obtained in Example of Synthesis 1 and 0.5 g of the alkylene oxide polymer B-6 obtained in Example of Synthesis 8 were employed and a solid electrolyte capacitor was similar-ly fabricated. The performance of this capacitor was evaluated as in Example 23.
Comparative Example 4 In 9.0 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was dissolved 1.0 g of the dedoped polyanilinE: obtained in Example of Synthesis 1 to prepare a homogenous solution.
Using this solution, a thin film was formed on a positive electrode foil, which was then immersed in a to o aqueous solution of p-toluenesulfonic acid for 5 hours, as in Example 23. Thereafter, a solid electro-lyte capacitor was fabricated as in Example 23.
The performance of the above capacitor was evalu-ated in the same manner as Example 23.
Comparative Example 5 In methyl ethyl ketone were' dissolved 1.0 g of the alkylene oxide polymer B-4 obtained in Example of Synthesis 6 and 0.05 g of lithitun perchlorate, followed by addition of a sufficient amount of 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate to make an NCO/OH ratio of 1 to prepare a homogeneous solution. A positive electrode foil similar to the one used in Example 23 was immersed in the above solution and the fail was then heated at 80°C
for 3 hours for solvent removal and crosslinking to thereby form a colorless clear i=ilm on the positive electrode foil. Using a silver paste, a negative pole lead was secured to the positive electrode foil to fabricate a solid electrolyte capacitor. The perfor-mance of this capacitor was eva7_uated in the same manner as described in Example 23.
The results of performance evaluation of the solid electrolyte capacitors fabrieate:d in Examples 23 to 26 and Comparative Examples 4 and 5 are presented in Table 4.
Table 4 Time to reach Equivalent series a leakage Capacity resistance current of ~ 1 u.A ( ~F ) ( mS2/ 10 0 KHz ) Example 23 10 seconds 0.98 40 Example 24 10 seconds 0.97 50 Example 25 7 seconds 0.99 60 Example 26 3 seconds 1.01 60 Comparative (did not fall 0,85 50 Example 4 to <-_1 ~.~P.) Comparative 3 seconds 0.91 1250 Example 5

Claims (4)

Claims:

1. A secondary electric cell utilizing as a positive electrode active material an electrically conductive polymer composition comprising:
(A) a reduced polyaniline, (B) at least one member selected from the group consisting of homopolymers, block copolymers and random copolymers consisting of alkylene oxide monomers and crosslinking products thereof, and (C) at least one member selected from the group consisting of protonic acid anions, alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts, wherein the proportion of component (A) and (B) by weight is 20:80 to 95:5 and the proportion of component (C) is 0.01 to 20% by weight based on the weight of the (A)-(B) alloy.

2. A secondary electric cell of claim 1 wherein said alkylene oxide monomer is at least one member selected from the group consisting of .alpha.-olefin oxides and styrene oxide.

3. A secondary electric cell of claim 1 wherein said alkylene oxide monomer is at least one member selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, 1,2-epoxybutane, 1,2-epoxypentane, 1,2-epoxyhexane, 1,2-epoxyheptane, 1,2-epoxyoctane, 1,2-epoxynonane and styrene oxide.

4. A secondary electric cell of claim 1 wherein said alkylene oxide monomer is at least one member selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, 1,2-epoxybutane and 1,2-epoxyhexane.