CA1336869C - Use of amino acids for the preparation of a beverage - Google Patents
Use of amino acids for the preparation of a beverageInfo
- Publication number
- CA1336869C CA1336869C CA000576994A CA576994A CA1336869C CA 1336869 C CA1336869 C CA 1336869C CA 000576994 A CA000576994 A CA 000576994A CA 576994 A CA576994 A CA 576994A CA 1336869 C CA1336869 C CA 1336869C
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- beverage
- use according
- chain amino
- amino acids
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Links
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 title description 15
- 150000005693 branched-chain amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 235000021580 ready-to-drink beverage Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000037081 physical activity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000036997 mental performance Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 206010065369 Burnout syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-leucine Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Leucine Natural products CC(C)CC(N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N L-isoleucine Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-valine Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Valine Natural products CC(C)C(N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229960000310 isoleucine Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoleucine Natural products CCC(C)C(N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000013355 food flavoring agent Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bicarbonate Substances [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003113 alkalizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019658 bitter taste Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007836 KH2PO4 Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000036314 physical performance Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 15
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000036470 plasma concentration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- 235000019263 trisodium citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229940038773 trisodium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229940068196 placebo Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000000902 placebo Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003340 mental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010016256 fatigue Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 235000007983 food acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 208000016255 tiredness Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000003867 tiredness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102100030840 AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 4B Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229940122930 Alkalising agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019499 Citrus oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101000792935 Homo sapiens AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 4B Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000013016 Hypoglycemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-phenylalanine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N L-tryptophane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000019914 Mental Fatigue Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric Acid Chemical class [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 aromatic amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010500 citrus oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008504 concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002218 hypoglycaemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960003136 leucine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002689 maleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036651 mood Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000001187 pylorus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003892 tartrate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019640 taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004295 valine Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
- A23L2/66—Proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
- A23L33/175—Amino acids
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
Abstract
Use of branched chain amino acids for the preparation of a beverage or instant mixture thereof for improving the physical and/or mental performance during strenuous physical activity and for delaying physical and mental exhaustion due to physical activity as well as to improve recovery, in an amount corresponding to 2 to 40 g/l of the ready-to-drink beverage, said beverage further comprising from 0 to 750 g/l of the ready-to-drink beverage of oligosaccharides and from 0 to 55 g/l of the ready-to-drink beverage of monosaccharides.
The beverage or instant mixture comprising branched-chain amino acids and mono- and/or oligosaccharides. A method of improving the physical and/or mental performance during strenuous physical activity and for delaying physical and mental exhaustion due to physical activity as well as to im-prove recovery by ingestion of a ready-to-drink beverage.
The beverage or instant mixture comprising branched-chain amino acids and mono- and/or oligosaccharides. A method of improving the physical and/or mental performance during strenuous physical activity and for delaying physical and mental exhaustion due to physical activity as well as to im-prove recovery by ingestion of a ready-to-drink beverage.
Description
1 ~368~9 USE OF AMINO ACIDS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A BEVERAGE
The present invention relates to the use of naturally occur-ing amino acids for the preparation of beverages or instant mixtures, which when ingested alleviate the feeling of tired-ness and fatigue of mammals during and after endurance excer-cise or hard physical work and improve their physical and mental performance and recovery, and a method of improving the physical and/or mental performance during strenuous physical activity and delaying physical and mental exhaustion due to physical activity by ingestion of said beverage.
Beverages which during exercise rapidly provide liquid and carbohydrates to the body and thus maintain the blood sugar content and insuline level of the body, are previously known, cf. SE 6807617-3, USP 4 312 856 and USP 4 649 051.
It has also previously been suggested that mixtures of amino acids should be used for maintenance of the nitrogen balance when given as the sole source of nitrogen in the diet and for the treatment of uraemic conditions (cf. the Physicians' Desk Reference, 31:st Edition 1977 by Charles E. Baker, p. 1566 and USP 3 764 703). It is also previously known that amino acids have an unpleasant bitter taste and a limited solubility and attempts to solve said problems are suggested in USP 4228099.
It has previously been suggested that there may be a relation-ship between the concentration of various amino acids in the blood stream and the improvement in mood during endurance exercise.
The concentration of the aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan and the branched-chain amino acids valine, leucine and isoleucine are particularly pertinent but no suggestion has been made as to how to improve the physical or mental performance of mammals during and after endurance exercise or alleviate fatigue induced by exercise or other hard physical work.
With the present invention it has surprisingly been discovered that a beverage or an instant mixture comprising non-toxic amounts of the naturally occurring branched-chain amino acids, valine, leucine and isoleucine, optionally together with mono and/or oligosaccharides and optionally physiologically acceptable food acids and/or salts thereof, alkalizing agent, flavouring and aroma agents, leads to improved physical and mental performance during strenuous physical activity and delays the physical and mental exhaustion as well as improve recovery due to physical activity.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a use of a composition having a pH of 3.0 to 8.0 and an osmotic pressure of from 50 to 400 m Osmol, comprising from 2 to 40 g/l of branched chain amino acids, from 50 to 750 g/l of oligosaccharides, up to 55 g/l of monosaccharides, 0.1 to 2 g/l of physiologically acceptable edible acids, 0.1 to 10 g/l of alkalizing agents, up to 10 g/l of physiologically acceptable mineral acids, and aroma or flavouring agents in an amount which masks the bitter taste of said branched chain amino acids as a ready-to-drink beverage for improving mental performance during strenuous physical activity and delaying mental exhaustion due to physical activity as well as improving recovery following physical activity.
The present invention also provides a use of an instant mixture comprising from 2 to 40 g/l of branched chain amino acids, from 50 to 750 g/l of oligosaccharides, up to 55 g/l of mono-saccharides, 0.1 to 2 g~l of physiologically acceptable edible acids, 0.1 to 10 g/l of alkalizing agents, up to 10 g/l of physiologically acceptable mineral acids, and aroma or flavouring agents in an amount which masks the bitter taste of said branched chain amino acids for preparing a composition for use as a ready-to-drink beverage as defined above.
The beverage or instant mixture shall contain at least one of the branched-chain amino acids valine, leucine and isoleucine but contains preferably at least two and most preferably all three branched-chain amino acids.
The maximum amounts of the branched-chain amino acids in the product according to the invention will, since the toxicity of the amino acids in question is low, be determined by such factors as the solubility of the amino acids, the taste of the product and also the economical aspect.
The minimum amounts of branched-chain amino acids in the product according to the invention are the amounts required to maintain the amino acids concentration in the blood stream.
The exact dose depends on such factors as the effect to be achieved, the nature of the exercise undertaken, the route of administration and the body weight of the subject and is such that by ingestion of adequate amounts before, during and after the exercise or work, the amino acids concentration in the blood 1 ~686~
stream is malntained preferably increased. The included amounts are generally in the region of from 2 to 40, preferably from 2 to 20 grams total branched-chain amino acids per liter ready-to-drink beverage. Leucine is included in the product in an amount of from 0 to 20 grams per liter, preferably 0 to 10 grams per liter; isoleucine in an amount of from 0 to 10 grams per liter, preferably 0 to 5 grams per liter and valine in an amount of from 0 to 15 grams per liter, preferably from 0 to 8 grams per liter with the proviso that the minimum amounts are not less than 2 grams per liter of ready-to-drink beverage.
The beverage or instant mixture should further contain at least 1 gram per liter ready-to-drink beverage of oligo-saccharides to prevent hypoglycemia, an amount which preferably makes the ready-to-drink beverage hypotonic to facilitate a rapid transport through pylorus to the intestine where it is rapidly taken up by the blood stream and maintains an appropriate blood glucose level.
The amounts of oligosaccharides included in the beverage or instant mixture are such that the ready-to-drink beverage contains from 1 to 750 grams per liter, preferably 5 to 500 grams per liter and most preferably 50 to 100 grams per liter. The oligosaccharides have an average molecular weight in the range of 500 to 2500 and a DE value of 6 to 40.
Monosaccharides may also be included in an amount of up to 55 grams per liter ready-to-drink beverage, preferably 0 to 10 most preferably 0 to 2 grams per liter.
The ready-to-drink beverage shall preferably be hypotonic, viz. have an osmotic pressure lower than the normal pressure of blood plasma in order to be rapidly distributed from the ventricle. The osmotic pressure shall preferably be within the range of 50 to 300 mOsmol/kg, most preferably 50 to 250 mOsmol/kg.
Physiologically acceptable edible acids and/or salts thereof and/or alkalizing agents as e.g. sodium or potassium bicarbonate may be included in order to achieve an appropriate pH-value, viz. within the range of 3.0 to 8.0, preferably 3.0 to 4.5.
The amounts of alkalizing agents may be from 0.1 to 10 grams per liter ready-to-drink beverage, preferably from 0.1 to 5 grams per liter.
The physiologically acceptable edible acids such as e.g. citric acid or citrate may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 2 grams per liter, preferably 0.1 to 1.6 grams per liter ready-to-drink beverage. Also equivalent amounts of maleic acids and/or maleate, tartaric acids and/or tartrates, ortho-phosphoric acid and/or corresponding phosphate may be included.
The beverage or instant mixture may also, with the aim of masking the bitter taste of the branched-chain amino acids, contain appropriate flavour or aroma agents in an amount adequate to mask the bitter taste. Such agents are preferably citrus oils or derivatives thereof.
Also, physiologically acceptable mineral salts normally present in the body fluid, which during exercise are secreted with the perspiration, may be included in an amount of 0 to 10 grams per liter ready-to-drink beverage, preferably 0 to 4a 5 grams per liter and said salts may be NaCl, KCl, NaH2P04 and KH2P04 .
The amino acid or amino acids may be administered before, during and/or after the exercise though it is presently contemplated that the amino acids would be administered before the exercise or hard physical work, and for exercises or work of long duration during the exercise in order to improve physical and/or mental performance during the exercise or work. Admin-istration after exercise is contemplated in order to improve recovery and prevent or delay post-exercise physical exhaustion and especially post-exercise mental 4b _ 5 1 33~9 exhaustion.
Thus, the invention contemplates the use of from 2 to 40 grams of the naturally occuring branched-chain amino acids in a beverage or instant mixture comprising at least 1 gram of mono- and/or oligosaccharides per liter ready-to-drink beverage and optionally adequate amounts of physiologically acceptable food acids and/or salts thereof, alkalising agents, flavouring and aroma agen~si said beverage or instant mixture improves the physical and mental performance during strenuous physical activity by ingestion of an amount which maintains or preferably increases the amino acid concen-tration in the blood stLea~.
The invention further comprises a method of improving the physical and/or mental performance during strenuous physical activity and the delaying of physical and mental exhaustion due to physical activity by ingestion of the ready-to-drink beverage in an amount which maintains or preferably increases the amino acid concentration in the blood stream.
The invention will be further illustrated by the following Examples:
Beverage and instant mixtures Example 1 grams/liter Leucine 8.0 Isoleucine 6.0 Valine 6.0 Oligosaccharides 1.4 DE = 40 Average molecular weight 500 Fructose 1.1 Citric acid 0.25 Trisodiumcitrate 0.066 Flavouring agent 0.27 The stated ingredients are mixed to an instant mixture which is packed air-tight or the ingredients may be mixed in appropriate amounts of water.
Ready-to-drink beverage The instant mixture in the stated amounts is then dissolved in 1 liter of water for use, either by the manufacture at the plant or by the user. The ready-to-drink beverage has a pH of 4.4 and an osmotic pressure ~ of 190 mOsmol/kg.
Example 2 qrams/liter Leucine 7.05 Isoleucine 3.45 Valine 4.50 Oligosaccharides 75.00 DE = 17 Average molecular weight 1887 Citric acid 1.68 Trisodiumcitrate 0.38 NaCl 0.40 KCl 0.05 NaH2PO4 . 2H2O 0.05 KH2PO4 0.15 3 0.05 Flavouring agent 0.05 The beverage or instant mixture is mixed and packed as above.
Ready-to-drink beverage The instant mixture is dissolved as above in 1 liter of water.
The pH of the ready-to-drink beverage is 3.8 and the osmotic pressure ~ 225 mOsmol/kg.
Example 3 qrams/liter Leucine 5.65 Isoleucine 2.75 Valine 3.60 Oligosaccharides 75.00 DE = 24 Average molecular weight 1460 Citric acid 1.53 Trisodiumcitrate 0.42 NaCl 0.35 KCl 0.1 NaH2PO4 . 2H2O 0.1 KH2PO4 0.1 NaHCO3 0.1 Flavouring agent 0.1 The beverage or instant mixture is mixed and packed as above.
Ready-to-drink beverage The instant mixture is dissolved as above in 1 liter of water.
The pH of the ready-to-drink beverage is 3.8 and the osmotic pressure ~ 230 mOsmol/kg.
Example 4 grams/liter Leucine 4.70 Isoleucine 2.35 Valine 2.95 Oligosaccharides 75.00 DE = 29 Average moleculare weight 1167 Citric acid 1.38 Trisodiumcitrate 0.46 NaCl 0.30 KCl 0.15 2 4 0.20 NaHCO3 0.15 Flavouring agent 0.15 The beverage or instant mixture is mixed and packed as above.
Ready-to-drink beverage The instant mixture is dissolved as above in 1 liter of water.
The pH of the ready-to-drink beverage is 3.9 and the osmotic pressure ~r235 mOsmol/kg.
Example 5 qrams/liter Leucine 8.0 Isoleucine 4.0 Oligosaccharides 75.00 DE = 24 Average molecular weight 1460 Citric acid 1.30 Trisodium citrate 0.33 NaCl 0.25 KCl 0.20 NaH2PO4. 2H2O 0.25 KH2PO4 0.05 NaHCO3 0.10 KHCO3 0.10 Flavouring agent 0.5 The beverage or instant mixture is mixed and packed as above.
Ready-to-drink beverage The instant mixture is dissolved as above in 1 liter of water.
The pH of the ready-to-drink beverage is 3.6 and the osmotic pressure ,/ 225 mOsmol/kg.
Example 6 grams/liter Leucine 10.0 Oligosaccharides 75.00 DE = 29 Average molecular weight 1167 Citric acid 1.22 Trisodiumcitrate 0.73 NaCl 0.20 KCl - 0.25 NaH2PO4. 2H2O 0.30 KHCO3 0.10 Flavouring agent 0.85 The beverage or instant mixture is mixed and packed as above.
Ready-to-drink beverage The instant mixture is dissolved as above in 1 liter of water.
The pH of the ready-to-drink beverage is 4.3 and the osmotic pressure // 237 mOsmol/kg.
lo 1 336869 Example 7 qrams/liter Leucine 8.0 Valine 4.0 Oligosaccharides 75.00 DE = 7 Average molecular weight 2500 Citric acid 1.8 NaHCO3 2.5 KHCO3 2.5 Flavouring agent 1.25 The beverage or instant mixture is mixed and packed as above.
Ready-to-drink beverage The instant mixture is dissolved as above in 1 liter of water.
The pH of the ready-to-drink beverage is 7.8 and the osmotic pressure ,~ 270 mOsmoljkg.
TESTS
Example I
Three individuals each drank a solution containing 10 g of three branched-chain amino acids (2.3 g isoleucine, 3 g valine, 4.7 g leucine) and blood samples were taken 0, 15, 80 and 170 minutes after ingestion for measurement of total branched-chain amino acid concentration. Results are given in Table 1.
Table 1 Individual Plasma conc. (~M) of branched-chain amino acid Time after ingestion (min) 0 15 80 170 Méan 391 1053 1406 741 33~869 Example II
Two volunteers were each given 1.5 g of branched-chain amino acid in 150 ml water to drink 7 minutes before the start of a run and another 1.5 g in 150 ml water 23 minutes after the start of the run. Blood samples were taken approximately 10 minutes before the first drink, 20 minutes and 60 minutes after the start of the run. Branched-chain amino acid concen-trates were measured enzymatically. Results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Individual Plasma conc. (~M) of branched-chain amino acids Time of running (min.) -17 20 60 Example III
Eight volunteers participated in the test which took place on the same day of the week during two subsequent weeks and with approximate the same outdoor temperature and weather condi-tions. The running distance was 24 kilometers. Each of the volunteers obtained before the start and after 13 kilometers running a beverage containing 2.5 grams of branched-chain amino acids of the same composition as the two previous tests or flavoured water (placebo). The results of experienced physical effort are disclosed in Table 3a and the results of mental effort in Table 3b.
Table 3a Ingested drink Running distance Branched-chain amino acid Placebo 0 - 13 km 2.3 2.3 13 - 18 km 2.5 2.0 18 - 24 km 2.1 1.5 ~ 12 t336869 - Table 3b Ingested drink Running distance Branched chain amino acids Placeo 0 - 13 km 2.1 2.4 13 - 18 km 2.8 2.0 18 - 24 km 2.6* 1.5 *Indicates p ~ 0.05 as compared with Placebo The figures of Tables 3a and 3b are the mean values (n = 8) of the estimated physical (3a) and mental (3b) efforts, wherein in an estimation scale:
The score 1 is rated as heavy The score 2 is rated as medium The score 3 is rated as easy.
The test also shows a decrease in plasma concentration of branched-chain amino acids during the running if only placebo was obtained, while an ingestion of 5 grams of branched-chain amino acids increased the concentration of branched-chain amino acids in the plasma. The concentration at the end of the run was an average of 30% higher than before the start.
Table 3c Plasma conc. of branched-chain amino acids Subject Branched chain amino acid-drink Placebo Before After Before After Mean 427 538 429 340 SE 21.3 35.8 30.7 43.1 SE = Standard error of the mean The figures refer to the plasma concentration (~M) of branched chain amino aci-ds of each of the 8 subjects participating at the test.
Example IV
Six well-trained male volunteers obtained each at two separate long distance runs (30 kilometers indoor running) either Pripps Pluss~ (commercially available sport drink sold by AB
Pripps Bryggerier, Stockholm, Sweden) or the beverage according to Example 3 in the amounts stated in Table 4.
Blood samples were taken before and immediately after the runs for analysis of the concentrations of branched-chain amino acids and glucose.
The running time varied between 1 h 52 min and 2 h 18 min but all subjects ran the two races within an individual time difference of 2 min 30 sec. All of the subjects felt it was "easier" to run after ingestion of the beverage according to the invention.
During the run the plasma concentration of glucose increased from an average of 5.3 to 7.4 mM when the beverage according to the invention was obtained and from 5.0 to 6.6 mM when Pripps Pluss~ was obtained. The plasma concentration of branched-chain amino acids increased from an average of 431 to 945 ~M when drinking the beverage according to the invention while the concentration decreased from 464 to 354 ~M when drinking Pripps PlussC~
The conclusion is that the beverage according to the inven-tion has an effect on mental fatigue as well as physical tiredness.
14 1 3~68~9 - Table 4a Plasma concentration (~M) of branched-chain amino acids SubjectBeverage according to Pripps Plus Example 3 Ingested PlaSm2Conc. of Ingested Plasmaconc. of BCAA
BCAA
amount (1) Before After amount(l) Before After 1 0.92 4581379 0.81 487 420 2 0.60 363625 0.60 382 320 3 0.45 406940 0.55 396 348 4 0.92 4531350 0.87 558 267 0.43 434639 0.46 487 425 6 0.50 473735 0.63 473 344 Mean 0.64 431945* 0.65 464 354*
SE 16.6141 26.7 24.7 The figures refer to ingested amounts of beverage in liters during the test run and the plasma concentration of branched-chain amino acids before and after the test run.
*Indicates p < 0.05 as compared with the "Before" value Table 4b Plasma concentration (~M) of glucose (Ingested amounts as in Table 4a) Subject Beverage according Pripps Pluss to Example 3 BeforeAfter Before After 1 5.7 8.3 5.6 8.5 2 3.2 7.0 3.2 5.5 3 5.3 7.5 4.9 6.1 4 6.1 9.4 5.4 8.6 5.8 6.1 5.8 6.1 6 5.5 6.3 5.3 4.8 Mean 5.3 7.4* 5.0 6.6 SE 0.43 0.51 0.30 0.65 *Indicates p ~0.05 as compared with the "Before" value
The present invention relates to the use of naturally occur-ing amino acids for the preparation of beverages or instant mixtures, which when ingested alleviate the feeling of tired-ness and fatigue of mammals during and after endurance excer-cise or hard physical work and improve their physical and mental performance and recovery, and a method of improving the physical and/or mental performance during strenuous physical activity and delaying physical and mental exhaustion due to physical activity by ingestion of said beverage.
Beverages which during exercise rapidly provide liquid and carbohydrates to the body and thus maintain the blood sugar content and insuline level of the body, are previously known, cf. SE 6807617-3, USP 4 312 856 and USP 4 649 051.
It has also previously been suggested that mixtures of amino acids should be used for maintenance of the nitrogen balance when given as the sole source of nitrogen in the diet and for the treatment of uraemic conditions (cf. the Physicians' Desk Reference, 31:st Edition 1977 by Charles E. Baker, p. 1566 and USP 3 764 703). It is also previously known that amino acids have an unpleasant bitter taste and a limited solubility and attempts to solve said problems are suggested in USP 4228099.
It has previously been suggested that there may be a relation-ship between the concentration of various amino acids in the blood stream and the improvement in mood during endurance exercise.
The concentration of the aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan and the branched-chain amino acids valine, leucine and isoleucine are particularly pertinent but no suggestion has been made as to how to improve the physical or mental performance of mammals during and after endurance exercise or alleviate fatigue induced by exercise or other hard physical work.
With the present invention it has surprisingly been discovered that a beverage or an instant mixture comprising non-toxic amounts of the naturally occurring branched-chain amino acids, valine, leucine and isoleucine, optionally together with mono and/or oligosaccharides and optionally physiologically acceptable food acids and/or salts thereof, alkalizing agent, flavouring and aroma agents, leads to improved physical and mental performance during strenuous physical activity and delays the physical and mental exhaustion as well as improve recovery due to physical activity.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a use of a composition having a pH of 3.0 to 8.0 and an osmotic pressure of from 50 to 400 m Osmol, comprising from 2 to 40 g/l of branched chain amino acids, from 50 to 750 g/l of oligosaccharides, up to 55 g/l of monosaccharides, 0.1 to 2 g/l of physiologically acceptable edible acids, 0.1 to 10 g/l of alkalizing agents, up to 10 g/l of physiologically acceptable mineral acids, and aroma or flavouring agents in an amount which masks the bitter taste of said branched chain amino acids as a ready-to-drink beverage for improving mental performance during strenuous physical activity and delaying mental exhaustion due to physical activity as well as improving recovery following physical activity.
The present invention also provides a use of an instant mixture comprising from 2 to 40 g/l of branched chain amino acids, from 50 to 750 g/l of oligosaccharides, up to 55 g/l of mono-saccharides, 0.1 to 2 g~l of physiologically acceptable edible acids, 0.1 to 10 g/l of alkalizing agents, up to 10 g/l of physiologically acceptable mineral acids, and aroma or flavouring agents in an amount which masks the bitter taste of said branched chain amino acids for preparing a composition for use as a ready-to-drink beverage as defined above.
The beverage or instant mixture shall contain at least one of the branched-chain amino acids valine, leucine and isoleucine but contains preferably at least two and most preferably all three branched-chain amino acids.
The maximum amounts of the branched-chain amino acids in the product according to the invention will, since the toxicity of the amino acids in question is low, be determined by such factors as the solubility of the amino acids, the taste of the product and also the economical aspect.
The minimum amounts of branched-chain amino acids in the product according to the invention are the amounts required to maintain the amino acids concentration in the blood stream.
The exact dose depends on such factors as the effect to be achieved, the nature of the exercise undertaken, the route of administration and the body weight of the subject and is such that by ingestion of adequate amounts before, during and after the exercise or work, the amino acids concentration in the blood 1 ~686~
stream is malntained preferably increased. The included amounts are generally in the region of from 2 to 40, preferably from 2 to 20 grams total branched-chain amino acids per liter ready-to-drink beverage. Leucine is included in the product in an amount of from 0 to 20 grams per liter, preferably 0 to 10 grams per liter; isoleucine in an amount of from 0 to 10 grams per liter, preferably 0 to 5 grams per liter and valine in an amount of from 0 to 15 grams per liter, preferably from 0 to 8 grams per liter with the proviso that the minimum amounts are not less than 2 grams per liter of ready-to-drink beverage.
The beverage or instant mixture should further contain at least 1 gram per liter ready-to-drink beverage of oligo-saccharides to prevent hypoglycemia, an amount which preferably makes the ready-to-drink beverage hypotonic to facilitate a rapid transport through pylorus to the intestine where it is rapidly taken up by the blood stream and maintains an appropriate blood glucose level.
The amounts of oligosaccharides included in the beverage or instant mixture are such that the ready-to-drink beverage contains from 1 to 750 grams per liter, preferably 5 to 500 grams per liter and most preferably 50 to 100 grams per liter. The oligosaccharides have an average molecular weight in the range of 500 to 2500 and a DE value of 6 to 40.
Monosaccharides may also be included in an amount of up to 55 grams per liter ready-to-drink beverage, preferably 0 to 10 most preferably 0 to 2 grams per liter.
The ready-to-drink beverage shall preferably be hypotonic, viz. have an osmotic pressure lower than the normal pressure of blood plasma in order to be rapidly distributed from the ventricle. The osmotic pressure shall preferably be within the range of 50 to 300 mOsmol/kg, most preferably 50 to 250 mOsmol/kg.
Physiologically acceptable edible acids and/or salts thereof and/or alkalizing agents as e.g. sodium or potassium bicarbonate may be included in order to achieve an appropriate pH-value, viz. within the range of 3.0 to 8.0, preferably 3.0 to 4.5.
The amounts of alkalizing agents may be from 0.1 to 10 grams per liter ready-to-drink beverage, preferably from 0.1 to 5 grams per liter.
The physiologically acceptable edible acids such as e.g. citric acid or citrate may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 2 grams per liter, preferably 0.1 to 1.6 grams per liter ready-to-drink beverage. Also equivalent amounts of maleic acids and/or maleate, tartaric acids and/or tartrates, ortho-phosphoric acid and/or corresponding phosphate may be included.
The beverage or instant mixture may also, with the aim of masking the bitter taste of the branched-chain amino acids, contain appropriate flavour or aroma agents in an amount adequate to mask the bitter taste. Such agents are preferably citrus oils or derivatives thereof.
Also, physiologically acceptable mineral salts normally present in the body fluid, which during exercise are secreted with the perspiration, may be included in an amount of 0 to 10 grams per liter ready-to-drink beverage, preferably 0 to 4a 5 grams per liter and said salts may be NaCl, KCl, NaH2P04 and KH2P04 .
The amino acid or amino acids may be administered before, during and/or after the exercise though it is presently contemplated that the amino acids would be administered before the exercise or hard physical work, and for exercises or work of long duration during the exercise in order to improve physical and/or mental performance during the exercise or work. Admin-istration after exercise is contemplated in order to improve recovery and prevent or delay post-exercise physical exhaustion and especially post-exercise mental 4b _ 5 1 33~9 exhaustion.
Thus, the invention contemplates the use of from 2 to 40 grams of the naturally occuring branched-chain amino acids in a beverage or instant mixture comprising at least 1 gram of mono- and/or oligosaccharides per liter ready-to-drink beverage and optionally adequate amounts of physiologically acceptable food acids and/or salts thereof, alkalising agents, flavouring and aroma agen~si said beverage or instant mixture improves the physical and mental performance during strenuous physical activity by ingestion of an amount which maintains or preferably increases the amino acid concen-tration in the blood stLea~.
The invention further comprises a method of improving the physical and/or mental performance during strenuous physical activity and the delaying of physical and mental exhaustion due to physical activity by ingestion of the ready-to-drink beverage in an amount which maintains or preferably increases the amino acid concentration in the blood stream.
The invention will be further illustrated by the following Examples:
Beverage and instant mixtures Example 1 grams/liter Leucine 8.0 Isoleucine 6.0 Valine 6.0 Oligosaccharides 1.4 DE = 40 Average molecular weight 500 Fructose 1.1 Citric acid 0.25 Trisodiumcitrate 0.066 Flavouring agent 0.27 The stated ingredients are mixed to an instant mixture which is packed air-tight or the ingredients may be mixed in appropriate amounts of water.
Ready-to-drink beverage The instant mixture in the stated amounts is then dissolved in 1 liter of water for use, either by the manufacture at the plant or by the user. The ready-to-drink beverage has a pH of 4.4 and an osmotic pressure ~ of 190 mOsmol/kg.
Example 2 qrams/liter Leucine 7.05 Isoleucine 3.45 Valine 4.50 Oligosaccharides 75.00 DE = 17 Average molecular weight 1887 Citric acid 1.68 Trisodiumcitrate 0.38 NaCl 0.40 KCl 0.05 NaH2PO4 . 2H2O 0.05 KH2PO4 0.15 3 0.05 Flavouring agent 0.05 The beverage or instant mixture is mixed and packed as above.
Ready-to-drink beverage The instant mixture is dissolved as above in 1 liter of water.
The pH of the ready-to-drink beverage is 3.8 and the osmotic pressure ~ 225 mOsmol/kg.
Example 3 qrams/liter Leucine 5.65 Isoleucine 2.75 Valine 3.60 Oligosaccharides 75.00 DE = 24 Average molecular weight 1460 Citric acid 1.53 Trisodiumcitrate 0.42 NaCl 0.35 KCl 0.1 NaH2PO4 . 2H2O 0.1 KH2PO4 0.1 NaHCO3 0.1 Flavouring agent 0.1 The beverage or instant mixture is mixed and packed as above.
Ready-to-drink beverage The instant mixture is dissolved as above in 1 liter of water.
The pH of the ready-to-drink beverage is 3.8 and the osmotic pressure ~ 230 mOsmol/kg.
Example 4 grams/liter Leucine 4.70 Isoleucine 2.35 Valine 2.95 Oligosaccharides 75.00 DE = 29 Average moleculare weight 1167 Citric acid 1.38 Trisodiumcitrate 0.46 NaCl 0.30 KCl 0.15 2 4 0.20 NaHCO3 0.15 Flavouring agent 0.15 The beverage or instant mixture is mixed and packed as above.
Ready-to-drink beverage The instant mixture is dissolved as above in 1 liter of water.
The pH of the ready-to-drink beverage is 3.9 and the osmotic pressure ~r235 mOsmol/kg.
Example 5 qrams/liter Leucine 8.0 Isoleucine 4.0 Oligosaccharides 75.00 DE = 24 Average molecular weight 1460 Citric acid 1.30 Trisodium citrate 0.33 NaCl 0.25 KCl 0.20 NaH2PO4. 2H2O 0.25 KH2PO4 0.05 NaHCO3 0.10 KHCO3 0.10 Flavouring agent 0.5 The beverage or instant mixture is mixed and packed as above.
Ready-to-drink beverage The instant mixture is dissolved as above in 1 liter of water.
The pH of the ready-to-drink beverage is 3.6 and the osmotic pressure ,/ 225 mOsmol/kg.
Example 6 grams/liter Leucine 10.0 Oligosaccharides 75.00 DE = 29 Average molecular weight 1167 Citric acid 1.22 Trisodiumcitrate 0.73 NaCl 0.20 KCl - 0.25 NaH2PO4. 2H2O 0.30 KHCO3 0.10 Flavouring agent 0.85 The beverage or instant mixture is mixed and packed as above.
Ready-to-drink beverage The instant mixture is dissolved as above in 1 liter of water.
The pH of the ready-to-drink beverage is 4.3 and the osmotic pressure // 237 mOsmol/kg.
lo 1 336869 Example 7 qrams/liter Leucine 8.0 Valine 4.0 Oligosaccharides 75.00 DE = 7 Average molecular weight 2500 Citric acid 1.8 NaHCO3 2.5 KHCO3 2.5 Flavouring agent 1.25 The beverage or instant mixture is mixed and packed as above.
Ready-to-drink beverage The instant mixture is dissolved as above in 1 liter of water.
The pH of the ready-to-drink beverage is 7.8 and the osmotic pressure ,~ 270 mOsmoljkg.
TESTS
Example I
Three individuals each drank a solution containing 10 g of three branched-chain amino acids (2.3 g isoleucine, 3 g valine, 4.7 g leucine) and blood samples were taken 0, 15, 80 and 170 minutes after ingestion for measurement of total branched-chain amino acid concentration. Results are given in Table 1.
Table 1 Individual Plasma conc. (~M) of branched-chain amino acid Time after ingestion (min) 0 15 80 170 Méan 391 1053 1406 741 33~869 Example II
Two volunteers were each given 1.5 g of branched-chain amino acid in 150 ml water to drink 7 minutes before the start of a run and another 1.5 g in 150 ml water 23 minutes after the start of the run. Blood samples were taken approximately 10 minutes before the first drink, 20 minutes and 60 minutes after the start of the run. Branched-chain amino acid concen-trates were measured enzymatically. Results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Individual Plasma conc. (~M) of branched-chain amino acids Time of running (min.) -17 20 60 Example III
Eight volunteers participated in the test which took place on the same day of the week during two subsequent weeks and with approximate the same outdoor temperature and weather condi-tions. The running distance was 24 kilometers. Each of the volunteers obtained before the start and after 13 kilometers running a beverage containing 2.5 grams of branched-chain amino acids of the same composition as the two previous tests or flavoured water (placebo). The results of experienced physical effort are disclosed in Table 3a and the results of mental effort in Table 3b.
Table 3a Ingested drink Running distance Branched-chain amino acid Placebo 0 - 13 km 2.3 2.3 13 - 18 km 2.5 2.0 18 - 24 km 2.1 1.5 ~ 12 t336869 - Table 3b Ingested drink Running distance Branched chain amino acids Placeo 0 - 13 km 2.1 2.4 13 - 18 km 2.8 2.0 18 - 24 km 2.6* 1.5 *Indicates p ~ 0.05 as compared with Placebo The figures of Tables 3a and 3b are the mean values (n = 8) of the estimated physical (3a) and mental (3b) efforts, wherein in an estimation scale:
The score 1 is rated as heavy The score 2 is rated as medium The score 3 is rated as easy.
The test also shows a decrease in plasma concentration of branched-chain amino acids during the running if only placebo was obtained, while an ingestion of 5 grams of branched-chain amino acids increased the concentration of branched-chain amino acids in the plasma. The concentration at the end of the run was an average of 30% higher than before the start.
Table 3c Plasma conc. of branched-chain amino acids Subject Branched chain amino acid-drink Placebo Before After Before After Mean 427 538 429 340 SE 21.3 35.8 30.7 43.1 SE = Standard error of the mean The figures refer to the plasma concentration (~M) of branched chain amino aci-ds of each of the 8 subjects participating at the test.
Example IV
Six well-trained male volunteers obtained each at two separate long distance runs (30 kilometers indoor running) either Pripps Pluss~ (commercially available sport drink sold by AB
Pripps Bryggerier, Stockholm, Sweden) or the beverage according to Example 3 in the amounts stated in Table 4.
Blood samples were taken before and immediately after the runs for analysis of the concentrations of branched-chain amino acids and glucose.
The running time varied between 1 h 52 min and 2 h 18 min but all subjects ran the two races within an individual time difference of 2 min 30 sec. All of the subjects felt it was "easier" to run after ingestion of the beverage according to the invention.
During the run the plasma concentration of glucose increased from an average of 5.3 to 7.4 mM when the beverage according to the invention was obtained and from 5.0 to 6.6 mM when Pripps Pluss~ was obtained. The plasma concentration of branched-chain amino acids increased from an average of 431 to 945 ~M when drinking the beverage according to the invention while the concentration decreased from 464 to 354 ~M when drinking Pripps PlussC~
The conclusion is that the beverage according to the inven-tion has an effect on mental fatigue as well as physical tiredness.
14 1 3~68~9 - Table 4a Plasma concentration (~M) of branched-chain amino acids SubjectBeverage according to Pripps Plus Example 3 Ingested PlaSm2Conc. of Ingested Plasmaconc. of BCAA
BCAA
amount (1) Before After amount(l) Before After 1 0.92 4581379 0.81 487 420 2 0.60 363625 0.60 382 320 3 0.45 406940 0.55 396 348 4 0.92 4531350 0.87 558 267 0.43 434639 0.46 487 425 6 0.50 473735 0.63 473 344 Mean 0.64 431945* 0.65 464 354*
SE 16.6141 26.7 24.7 The figures refer to ingested amounts of beverage in liters during the test run and the plasma concentration of branched-chain amino acids before and after the test run.
*Indicates p < 0.05 as compared with the "Before" value Table 4b Plasma concentration (~M) of glucose (Ingested amounts as in Table 4a) Subject Beverage according Pripps Pluss to Example 3 BeforeAfter Before After 1 5.7 8.3 5.6 8.5 2 3.2 7.0 3.2 5.5 3 5.3 7.5 4.9 6.1 4 6.1 9.4 5.4 8.6 5.8 6.1 5.8 6.1 6 5.5 6.3 5.3 4.8 Mean 5.3 7.4* 5.0 6.6 SE 0.43 0.51 0.30 0.65 *Indicates p ~0.05 as compared with the "Before" value
Claims (15)
1. Use of a composition having a pH of 3.0 to 8.0 and an osmotic pressure of from 50 to 400 mOsmol, comprising from 2 to 40 g/l of branched chain amino acids, from 50 to 750 g/l of oligosaccharides, up to 55 g/l of monosaccharides, 0.1 to 2 g/l of physiologically acceptable edible acids, 0.1 to 10 g/l of alkalizing agents, up to 10 g/l of physiologically acceptable mineral acids, and aroma or flavouring agents in an amount which masks the bitter taste of said branched chain amino acids as a ready-to-drink beverage for improving mental performance during strenuous physical activity and delaying mental exhaustion due to physical activity as well as improving recovery following physical activity.
2. Use according to claim 1 wherein said branched chain amino acid is selected from the group consisting of leucine in an amount up to 20 g/l, isoleucine in an amount up to 10 g/l and valine in an amount up to 15 g/l, or a mixture of these.
3. Use according to claim 1 wherein said branched chain amino acid is selected from the group consisting of leucine in an amount up to 10 g/l, isoleucine in an amount up to 5 g/l and valine in an amount up to 8 g/l, or a mixture of these.
4. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein said oligosaccharide is in an amount of 5 to 500 g/l.
5. Use according to claim 4 wherein said oligosaccharide is in an amount of 100 g/l.
6. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5 which contains no monosaccharide.
7. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5 which contains a monosaccharide in an amount up to 10 g/l.
8. Use according to claim 7 which contains a mono-saccharide in an amount up to 2 g/l.
9. Use according to claim 1 wherein said beverage further comprises a water-based liquid.
10. Use according to claim 8 wherein said water-based liquid is water.
11. Use according to claim 10 wherein the pH of the beverage is within the range of pH 3.0 to 4.5.
12. Use according to claim 1 wherein the osmotic pressure is within the range 50 to 300 mOsmol/kg.
13. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 5 and 8 to 12 wherein said physiologically acceptable edible acids are present in an amount of 0.1 to 1.6 g/l; said alkalizing agents are present in an amount up to 10 g/l and said physiologically acceptable mineral acids are present in an amount up to 5 g/l.
14. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 5 and 8 to 12 wherein said beverage further comprises citric acid or citrate; sodium or potassium bicarbonate; and NaCl, KCl, NaH2PO4 or KH2PO4.
15. Use of an instant mixture comprising from 2 to 40 g/l of branched chain amino acids, from 50 to 750 g/l of oligosaccharides, up to 55 g/l of mono-saccharides, 0.1 to 2 g/l of physiologically acceptable edible acids, 0.1 to 10 g/l of alkalizing agents, up to 10 g/l of physiologically acceptable mineral acids, and aroma or flavouring agents in an amount which masks the bitter taste of said branched chain amino acids for preparing a composition for use as a ready-to-drink beverage as claimed in claim 1.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SE1988/000273 WO1988009132A1 (en) | 1987-05-22 | 1988-05-24 | Use of amino acids for the preparation of a beverage |
| AU19424/88A AU1942488A (en) | 1987-05-22 | 1988-05-24 | Use of amino acids for the preparation of a beverage |
| CA000576994A CA1336869C (en) | 1987-05-22 | 1988-09-09 | Use of amino acids for the preparation of a beverage |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB878712160A GB8712160D0 (en) | 1987-05-22 | 1987-05-22 | Beverage products |
| GB878712159A GB8712159D0 (en) | 1987-05-22 | 1987-05-22 | Anti-fatigue compositions |
| CA000576994A CA1336869C (en) | 1987-05-22 | 1988-09-09 | Use of amino acids for the preparation of a beverage |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1336869C true CA1336869C (en) | 1995-09-05 |
Family
ID=27168042
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000576994A Expired - Fee Related CA1336869C (en) | 1987-05-22 | 1988-09-09 | Use of amino acids for the preparation of a beverage |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU1942488A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1336869C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1988009132A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9725061D0 (en) * | 1997-11-27 | 1998-01-28 | Tagg Npd Limited | Revitalisation formulation |
| MD2455C2 (en) * | 2003-02-17 | 2004-12-31 | Валериу РУДИК | Process for obtaining alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages with spirulina extract |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3950529A (en) * | 1975-02-03 | 1976-04-13 | Massachusetts General Hospital | Amino acid formulations for patients with liver disease and method of using same |
| US4438144A (en) * | 1980-07-31 | 1984-03-20 | Blackburn George L | Amino acid preparation and therapy for treatment of stress and injury |
| US4357343A (en) * | 1981-06-26 | 1982-11-02 | Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. | Nutritional composition for management of renal failure |
-
1988
- 1988-05-24 WO PCT/SE1988/000273 patent/WO1988009132A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-05-24 AU AU19424/88A patent/AU1942488A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1988-09-09 CA CA000576994A patent/CA1336869C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1988009132A1 (en) | 1988-12-01 |
| AU1942488A (en) | 1988-12-21 |
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