CA1320642C - Slag removal system for a solid fuels gasification reactor - Google Patents
Slag removal system for a solid fuels gasification reactorInfo
- Publication number
- CA1320642C CA1320642C CA000515369A CA515369A CA1320642C CA 1320642 C CA1320642 C CA 1320642C CA 000515369 A CA000515369 A CA 000515369A CA 515369 A CA515369 A CA 515369A CA 1320642 C CA1320642 C CA 1320642C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- slurry
- slag
- conduit
- water
- reactor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000036366 Sensation of pressure Diseases 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/52—Ash-removing devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/52—Ash-removing devices
- C10J3/526—Ash-removing devices for entrained flow gasifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/093—Coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0943—Coke
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1625—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with solids treatment
- C10J2300/1628—Ash post-treatment
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The present invention provides an apparatus and a process for removing a slag/water slurry from a pressurized solid fuels gasification reactor. The apparatus includes at least one pressurized crusher connected to the discharge end of the reactor, and a series of flow restriction elements in a conduit connected to the discharge end of the crusher.
Water is beneficially mixed at a controlled rate of flow with the slurry discharged from the crusher, thereby cooling the slurry and controlling the flow rate of the slurry stream in the conduit.
The present invention provides an apparatus and a process for removing a slag/water slurry from a pressurized solid fuels gasification reactor. The apparatus includes at least one pressurized crusher connected to the discharge end of the reactor, and a series of flow restriction elements in a conduit connected to the discharge end of the crusher.
Water is beneficially mixed at a controlled rate of flow with the slurry discharged from the crusher, thereby cooling the slurry and controlling the flow rate of the slurry stream in the conduit.
Description
~32~2 SLAG REMOVAL SYSTEM FOR A
SOLID FUELS GASIFICATION REACTOR
This invention concerns the gasification of solid carbonaceous materials such as coke, coal, or lignite. More particularly, thls invention con-cerns discharging slag and/or heav~ ash from a S solid fuels gaslfication reactor.
As presently well-known in the art, solid fuels such as coke, coal or lignite can be ground to a fine particulate size and mixed with oll or water to form the feed stream for a gasification reactor which is designed to make a useful syn-thetic gas product. When this type of process is carried out, a large ~uantity of molten slag that requires disposal is formed in the reactor. Typ-ically, the waste slag or heavy ash generaged in a solid fuels gasification process consists of sol-idified inorganic matter and a small amount of unreacted car~on. Generally, this slag is dis-charged from the bottom of the reactor an an elevated temperature and pressure in the form of a water slurry. The slurry being discharged may .
29,309A-F -1-.:
SOLID FUELS GASIFICATION REACTOR
This invention concerns the gasification of solid carbonaceous materials such as coke, coal, or lignite. More particularly, thls invention con-cerns discharging slag and/or heav~ ash from a S solid fuels gaslfication reactor.
As presently well-known in the art, solid fuels such as coke, coal or lignite can be ground to a fine particulate size and mixed with oll or water to form the feed stream for a gasification reactor which is designed to make a useful syn-thetic gas product. When this type of process is carried out, a large ~uantity of molten slag that requires disposal is formed in the reactor. Typ-ically, the waste slag or heavy ash generaged in a solid fuels gasification process consists of sol-idified inorganic matter and a small amount of unreacted car~on. Generally, this slag is dis-charged from the bottom of the reactor an an elevated temperature and pressure in the form of a water slurry. The slurry being discharged may .
29,309A-F -1-.:
-2~
be at a temperature as high as between 150 and 350F (65 ~nd 177C) and at a pressure as high as between lO~ and 500 pounds per s~uare inch (690 to 3450 kPa). Prior art apparatus and methods generally include crushing the slag to reduce the size of the slag particles, using lockhoppers to reduce the pressure, and flashing the water from the slag in order to further lower the temperature and pressure of the slurry being discharged.
In general, the present invention pro-vides an improved apparatus and process for the continuous, uninterrupted removal of a slag/water slurry from a pressurized solid fuels gasification reactor, the apparatus comprising: at least one pressurized crusher for reducing the particle size of the slag solids, said crusher being connected to the slag discharge end of the reactor, and a depressurizing system which includes a conduit through which the slag/water slurry continuously flows, said conduit being connected to the discharge end of the crusher, and at least one restriction element to restrict the continuous kinetic fluid flow of the slag/water slurry through the conduit, said restriction element being disposed within the conduit and having an opening, the diameter of which is less than that of the conduit, said element causing a reduction in the pressure of the slurry at the dis-charge end of the depressurizing system to a level substantially below the pressure of the reactor.
The final discharge pressure of the slurry may be essentially atmospheric or either higher or 29,309A-F -2-~3~6~2 lower than atmospheric if the slurry is transferred to other apparatus. The present apparatus may also include additional crushers and flow restriction elements in a series configuration to further reduce the particle size of the slag and pressure drop from the reactor. The flow restriction elements provide a restric-tion to the fluid flow of the slurry in the passageway transportiny the slurry from the reactor, thereby causing a pres sure drop accross the element under continuous kinetic fluid flow conditions.
The present process for discharging a slag/water slurry from a coal gasification reactor includes: first comminuting or crushing the slag solids in the slurry discharged from the reactor to reduce the particle size thereof, said slurry being discharged from the reactor at a pressure sub-stantially equal to the reactor pressure; and passing the slurry through a depressurizing system which includes a conduit through which the slurry flows continuously and at least one restriction element to restrict the continuous kinetic fluid flow of the slurry and therehy reduce the pressure of the slurry at the discharge end of the depressuring system to a level substantially below that of the pressure of the reactor said restriction element being disposed wi`thin the conduit and having an opening the diameter of which is less than that of the conduit. The process may also include additional steps of comminuting or crushing the solids in the slurry, and restricting the fluid flow of the slurry, to further reduce the size of the slag and lower the exit pressure of the slurry from the depressurizing system. The 29,309A-F -3---- 132~36~2 present method further provides for injecting and mixing water with the slurry at a controlled rate of flow after the slag solids have been comminuted, thereby cooling the slurry and providing for variable flow and pressure control of the slurry through the depressurizing system of the reactor.
The present system provides for the continuous flow removal of slag from a pressurized gasification reactor with a reduced risk of plug-ging as compared to intermittent removal providedby the known lockhopper systems. These and other aspects of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the more detailed description which follows.
lS The advantages of the present invention are even more apparent when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like charac-ters of reference designate corresponding material and parts throughout the several views thereof, in which: ~
Figure 1 is a schematic representation illustrating a slag removal system in a solid fuels gasification process constructed according to the principles of the present inventon;
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a specific restriction element of the depressurizing system made according to the present invention;
29,309A-F -4--- ~32S~S~
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional veiw of ano-ther restriction element of the depressurizing syst~m made according to the present invention;
and Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of still another restriction element of the depressuri~ing system made according to the present invention.
The following description illustrates the manner in which the principles of the present invention are applied, but such description is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the inven-tion.
More specifically, a slag removal apparatus 10 is illustrated by Figure 1 for communuting, cooling, and depressurizing the slag/water slurry from the bottom of a coal-gasification reactor 1. The waste discharge from reactor 1 comprises a solid residue which can be characterized as either a solidified inorganic residue or heavy ash. The slag dis-charge is combined with water in reactor 1 to forma slurry. The reactor 1 is operated under conditions of temperature, pressure, and concentrations generally well-known and practiced in the art for converting coke, lignite, or coal into gaseous fuel. The tem-perature at the discharge end of the reactor 1 isbetween 150 and 350F (65 and 177C) and the pres-sure is between 100 and 500 pounds per square inch (690 and 3450 kPa). Preferably, the reactor 1 is operated continuously; and the comminution, cooling, and depressurization of the reactor slag/water slurry are carried out as a con-tinuous process.
29,309A-F 5---" 132~
The slag/water slurry is discharged from the reactor 1 through a first conduit 2 to a primary crusher 3. The crusher 3 is pro-vided with a housing capable of withstanding the full pressure at the discharge end of the reactor 1. The conduit 2 and crusher 3 are con-nected together by flanges 4.
The partially comminuted slag from the primary crusher 3 is discharged to a secondary crusher 3a, where the slag is further comminuted.
The crusher 3a is also provided with a housing which, like the housing for the primary crusher 3, is capable of withstanding the full operating pressure at the discharge end of the reactor 1.
Crushers 3 and 3a are connected together by flanges 4a.
The comminuted slag is then discharged as a slurry from the secondary crusher 3a to a second conduit 5. The conduit 5 is connected to the crusher 3a by flanges 4b and 4c. Flow through the conduit 5 may be controlled by a first valve 5a. Downstream of the valve 5a, water is intro-duced into conduit 5 from conduit 6 through valve 6a. The slag/water slurry then passes through a series of restriction elements 7 in the conduit 5. Valves 5a and 6a regulate and control the flow rate of the water and of the slag/water slurry.
As the stream continuously flows through conduit 5, there is a drop in pressure caused by the resistance to flow imposed by each restriction element 7. The slurry stream may then be discharged 29,309A-F -6-from the last restriction element 7 at substantially atmospheric pressure.
The addition of water through conduit 6 and the providion of the restriction elements 7 in conduit 5 beneficially elminate the necessity for flashing the water from the slurry to reduce the temperature and pressure of the slurry stream after it exits from the depressurizing system.
Moreover, the use of the valve 6a to control the flow rate of the water added to the slag stream overcomes the need for providing a downstream valve in conduit 5 to control the slurry flow rate. Since the rate of mechanical wear in such a valve would be much higher due to the abrasive characteristics of the slurry as compared to thQ wear caused only by water, this method of injecting water into the slurry to provide flow control is highly beneficial, economical, and advantageous. The introduction of water into conduit 5 also provides both a positive safety and most beneficial means of pxeventing plugging of conduit 5 with the slag.
A preferered restriction element 20 of a modified design which has been successfully useed in conduit 5 is shown in Figure 2. As shown in Figure 2, element 20 is similar to the reduced diameter pipe element 7 shown in Figure 1, in that element 20 includes a wear-resistant plate 8 through which a reduced diameter orifice 8a is provided for 29,309A-F -7--8- ~32~
restricting the flow of the slag/water slurry.
The plate is held in position b~ flanges 4d in con~
duit 5. The plate 8 may also be formed as a lami-nated structure in which the up-stream layer is a highly abrasion-resistant material such as silicon caxbide, tungsten carbide, alumina, or wear-resistant metal or ceramic material. Although not shown, an abrasion-resistant liner for conduit 5 may also be provided if the conduit is not directly formed of an abrasion resistan-t material.
Two additional restriction elements 30 and 40 which have been successfully used in conduit 5 are shown in Figures 3 and 4. Figure 3 illustrates a restriction element 30 which includes a frustra--conical support 9 which is held in place by flanges 4e in conduit 5, and which in turn holds a wear-resistant cone-shaped liner 9a with an orifice 9b in place to receive the slag/water slurry. Con-duit 5 on both sides of element 30 also has a wear-resistant liner insert 11. Figure 4 illus-trates still another useful restriction element 40 which includes a restriction plug 12 with an orifice 12a held in place by a wear-resistant liner insert 13 in conduit 5. The restriction elemen-t 40 is further held in place by an obstruction, not shown, in a down-stream flange of conduit 5. Plug 12 is beneficially molded in one piece from a hard abrasion-resistant ceramic material such as alumina.
The restricted opening or orifices of all the above restriction elements may be formed with any desired cross-sectional shape. For example, 29,309A-F -8--9- 13~6~2 an ori~ice having a round, oval, square, -triangular or rectangular shape may be used successfully in conduit 5. The most beneficial shape is a round cross-section with the orifice having a relative diameter of ten to thirty percent of the diameter of the conduit in which it is disposed. The siæe of orifices of different shapes should be selected to provide about the same relative orifice to conduit size ratio. The materials of construction for the slag removal apparatus 10 may be selected from known materials that will stand up under the temperatures and pressures previously noted, with the preferred material being carbon steel. Also in areas where severe mechanical wear is expected from the slag/
water slurry, the high wear-resistant materials noted above should be used.
The primary and secondary crushers 3 and 3a are beneficially rotary crushers which include rotor plates and breaker pIates, not shown. Such crushers are well-known in the art~ Preferably, the slag is comminuted in the primary crusher 3 to a maximum dimension of about two and one-half inches (63~5 mm), and in the secondary crusher 3a to a dimension of between one-eight of an inch and one inch (3.2 and 25 mm).
The present combination of slag crushers, restriction elements and means for introducting water at or down-stream from the crushers provides a continuous, reliable, controllable apparatus for removal of slag from a solid fuels gasification reactor which has a far less tendency to be plugged by slag than other known slag removal systems.
29,309A-F -9-~32~
While certain representative embodiments and de-tails have been shown for the purpose of illustrating the present invention, it will be apparent to those ~killed in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing fr~m spirit and scope of the invention.
29,309A-F -10-
be at a temperature as high as between 150 and 350F (65 ~nd 177C) and at a pressure as high as between lO~ and 500 pounds per s~uare inch (690 to 3450 kPa). Prior art apparatus and methods generally include crushing the slag to reduce the size of the slag particles, using lockhoppers to reduce the pressure, and flashing the water from the slag in order to further lower the temperature and pressure of the slurry being discharged.
In general, the present invention pro-vides an improved apparatus and process for the continuous, uninterrupted removal of a slag/water slurry from a pressurized solid fuels gasification reactor, the apparatus comprising: at least one pressurized crusher for reducing the particle size of the slag solids, said crusher being connected to the slag discharge end of the reactor, and a depressurizing system which includes a conduit through which the slag/water slurry continuously flows, said conduit being connected to the discharge end of the crusher, and at least one restriction element to restrict the continuous kinetic fluid flow of the slag/water slurry through the conduit, said restriction element being disposed within the conduit and having an opening, the diameter of which is less than that of the conduit, said element causing a reduction in the pressure of the slurry at the dis-charge end of the depressurizing system to a level substantially below the pressure of the reactor.
The final discharge pressure of the slurry may be essentially atmospheric or either higher or 29,309A-F -2-~3~6~2 lower than atmospheric if the slurry is transferred to other apparatus. The present apparatus may also include additional crushers and flow restriction elements in a series configuration to further reduce the particle size of the slag and pressure drop from the reactor. The flow restriction elements provide a restric-tion to the fluid flow of the slurry in the passageway transportiny the slurry from the reactor, thereby causing a pres sure drop accross the element under continuous kinetic fluid flow conditions.
The present process for discharging a slag/water slurry from a coal gasification reactor includes: first comminuting or crushing the slag solids in the slurry discharged from the reactor to reduce the particle size thereof, said slurry being discharged from the reactor at a pressure sub-stantially equal to the reactor pressure; and passing the slurry through a depressurizing system which includes a conduit through which the slurry flows continuously and at least one restriction element to restrict the continuous kinetic fluid flow of the slurry and therehy reduce the pressure of the slurry at the discharge end of the depressuring system to a level substantially below that of the pressure of the reactor said restriction element being disposed wi`thin the conduit and having an opening the diameter of which is less than that of the conduit. The process may also include additional steps of comminuting or crushing the solids in the slurry, and restricting the fluid flow of the slurry, to further reduce the size of the slag and lower the exit pressure of the slurry from the depressurizing system. The 29,309A-F -3---- 132~36~2 present method further provides for injecting and mixing water with the slurry at a controlled rate of flow after the slag solids have been comminuted, thereby cooling the slurry and providing for variable flow and pressure control of the slurry through the depressurizing system of the reactor.
The present system provides for the continuous flow removal of slag from a pressurized gasification reactor with a reduced risk of plug-ging as compared to intermittent removal providedby the known lockhopper systems. These and other aspects of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the more detailed description which follows.
lS The advantages of the present invention are even more apparent when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like charac-ters of reference designate corresponding material and parts throughout the several views thereof, in which: ~
Figure 1 is a schematic representation illustrating a slag removal system in a solid fuels gasification process constructed according to the principles of the present inventon;
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a specific restriction element of the depressurizing system made according to the present invention;
29,309A-F -4--- ~32S~S~
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional veiw of ano-ther restriction element of the depressurizing syst~m made according to the present invention;
and Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of still another restriction element of the depressuri~ing system made according to the present invention.
The following description illustrates the manner in which the principles of the present invention are applied, but such description is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the inven-tion.
More specifically, a slag removal apparatus 10 is illustrated by Figure 1 for communuting, cooling, and depressurizing the slag/water slurry from the bottom of a coal-gasification reactor 1. The waste discharge from reactor 1 comprises a solid residue which can be characterized as either a solidified inorganic residue or heavy ash. The slag dis-charge is combined with water in reactor 1 to forma slurry. The reactor 1 is operated under conditions of temperature, pressure, and concentrations generally well-known and practiced in the art for converting coke, lignite, or coal into gaseous fuel. The tem-perature at the discharge end of the reactor 1 isbetween 150 and 350F (65 and 177C) and the pres-sure is between 100 and 500 pounds per square inch (690 and 3450 kPa). Preferably, the reactor 1 is operated continuously; and the comminution, cooling, and depressurization of the reactor slag/water slurry are carried out as a con-tinuous process.
29,309A-F 5---" 132~
The slag/water slurry is discharged from the reactor 1 through a first conduit 2 to a primary crusher 3. The crusher 3 is pro-vided with a housing capable of withstanding the full pressure at the discharge end of the reactor 1. The conduit 2 and crusher 3 are con-nected together by flanges 4.
The partially comminuted slag from the primary crusher 3 is discharged to a secondary crusher 3a, where the slag is further comminuted.
The crusher 3a is also provided with a housing which, like the housing for the primary crusher 3, is capable of withstanding the full operating pressure at the discharge end of the reactor 1.
Crushers 3 and 3a are connected together by flanges 4a.
The comminuted slag is then discharged as a slurry from the secondary crusher 3a to a second conduit 5. The conduit 5 is connected to the crusher 3a by flanges 4b and 4c. Flow through the conduit 5 may be controlled by a first valve 5a. Downstream of the valve 5a, water is intro-duced into conduit 5 from conduit 6 through valve 6a. The slag/water slurry then passes through a series of restriction elements 7 in the conduit 5. Valves 5a and 6a regulate and control the flow rate of the water and of the slag/water slurry.
As the stream continuously flows through conduit 5, there is a drop in pressure caused by the resistance to flow imposed by each restriction element 7. The slurry stream may then be discharged 29,309A-F -6-from the last restriction element 7 at substantially atmospheric pressure.
The addition of water through conduit 6 and the providion of the restriction elements 7 in conduit 5 beneficially elminate the necessity for flashing the water from the slurry to reduce the temperature and pressure of the slurry stream after it exits from the depressurizing system.
Moreover, the use of the valve 6a to control the flow rate of the water added to the slag stream overcomes the need for providing a downstream valve in conduit 5 to control the slurry flow rate. Since the rate of mechanical wear in such a valve would be much higher due to the abrasive characteristics of the slurry as compared to thQ wear caused only by water, this method of injecting water into the slurry to provide flow control is highly beneficial, economical, and advantageous. The introduction of water into conduit 5 also provides both a positive safety and most beneficial means of pxeventing plugging of conduit 5 with the slag.
A preferered restriction element 20 of a modified design which has been successfully useed in conduit 5 is shown in Figure 2. As shown in Figure 2, element 20 is similar to the reduced diameter pipe element 7 shown in Figure 1, in that element 20 includes a wear-resistant plate 8 through which a reduced diameter orifice 8a is provided for 29,309A-F -7--8- ~32~
restricting the flow of the slag/water slurry.
The plate is held in position b~ flanges 4d in con~
duit 5. The plate 8 may also be formed as a lami-nated structure in which the up-stream layer is a highly abrasion-resistant material such as silicon caxbide, tungsten carbide, alumina, or wear-resistant metal or ceramic material. Although not shown, an abrasion-resistant liner for conduit 5 may also be provided if the conduit is not directly formed of an abrasion resistan-t material.
Two additional restriction elements 30 and 40 which have been successfully used in conduit 5 are shown in Figures 3 and 4. Figure 3 illustrates a restriction element 30 which includes a frustra--conical support 9 which is held in place by flanges 4e in conduit 5, and which in turn holds a wear-resistant cone-shaped liner 9a with an orifice 9b in place to receive the slag/water slurry. Con-duit 5 on both sides of element 30 also has a wear-resistant liner insert 11. Figure 4 illus-trates still another useful restriction element 40 which includes a restriction plug 12 with an orifice 12a held in place by a wear-resistant liner insert 13 in conduit 5. The restriction elemen-t 40 is further held in place by an obstruction, not shown, in a down-stream flange of conduit 5. Plug 12 is beneficially molded in one piece from a hard abrasion-resistant ceramic material such as alumina.
The restricted opening or orifices of all the above restriction elements may be formed with any desired cross-sectional shape. For example, 29,309A-F -8--9- 13~6~2 an ori~ice having a round, oval, square, -triangular or rectangular shape may be used successfully in conduit 5. The most beneficial shape is a round cross-section with the orifice having a relative diameter of ten to thirty percent of the diameter of the conduit in which it is disposed. The siæe of orifices of different shapes should be selected to provide about the same relative orifice to conduit size ratio. The materials of construction for the slag removal apparatus 10 may be selected from known materials that will stand up under the temperatures and pressures previously noted, with the preferred material being carbon steel. Also in areas where severe mechanical wear is expected from the slag/
water slurry, the high wear-resistant materials noted above should be used.
The primary and secondary crushers 3 and 3a are beneficially rotary crushers which include rotor plates and breaker pIates, not shown. Such crushers are well-known in the art~ Preferably, the slag is comminuted in the primary crusher 3 to a maximum dimension of about two and one-half inches (63~5 mm), and in the secondary crusher 3a to a dimension of between one-eight of an inch and one inch (3.2 and 25 mm).
The present combination of slag crushers, restriction elements and means for introducting water at or down-stream from the crushers provides a continuous, reliable, controllable apparatus for removal of slag from a solid fuels gasification reactor which has a far less tendency to be plugged by slag than other known slag removal systems.
29,309A-F -9-~32~
While certain representative embodiments and de-tails have been shown for the purpose of illustrating the present invention, it will be apparent to those ~killed in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing fr~m spirit and scope of the invention.
29,309A-F -10-
Claims (13)
1. An apparatus for the continuous, uninter-rupted removal of a slag/water slurry from a pressur-ized solid fuels gasification reactor, the apparatus comprising: at least one pressurized crusher for reducing the particle size of the slag solids, said crusher being connected to the slag discharge end of the reactor, and a depressurizing system which includes a conduit through which the slag/water slurry continu-ously flows, said conduit being connected to the discharge end of the crusher, and at least one restriction element to restrict the continuous kinetic fluid flow of the slag/water slurry through the con-duit, said restriction element being disposed within the conduit and having an opening, the diameter of which is less than that of the conduit, said element causing a reduction in the pressure of the slurry at the discharge end of the depressurizing system to a level substantially below the pressure of the reactor.
2. The apparatus of Claim 1 wherein two pressurized crushers are present, comprising a primary crusher for reducing the particle size of the slag solids being connected to the slag discharge end of the reactor, 29,309A-F -11-a secondary crusher for further reducing the particle size of the slag solids, said secondary crusher being connected to the discharge and of the primary crusher, a depressurizing system which includes a conduit through which the slag/water slurry con-tinuously flows, said conduit being connected to the discharge end of the secondary crusher, and a restriction element as defined in Claim 1.
3. The apparatus of Claim 1, including means for injecting and mixing water with the slurry after the particle size of slag solids has been reduced by the crusher.
4. The apparatus of Claim 2, including means for injecting and mixing water with the slurry after the particle size of slag solids has been reduced by the crusher.
5. The apparatus of Claim 3, wherein the means for injecting water into the slurry stream include a valve for controlling the flow rate of the water, thereby cooling the slag/water slurry and providing for variable flow and pressure control thereof through the depressurizing system.
6. The apparatus of Claim 4, wherein the means for injecting water into the slurry stream include a valve for controlling the flow rate of the water, thereby cooling the slag/water slurry and providing for variable flow and pressure control thereof through the depressurizing system.
29,309A-F -12-
29,309A-F -12-
7. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein the restriction element has a reduced diameter orifice which restricts the flow of the slurry.
8. The apparatus of Claim 2, wherein the restriction element has a reduced diameter orifice which restricts the flow of the slurry.
9. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein the restriction element includes a restriction plug with a orifice, said plug being held in place by a liner insert in the conduit.
10. The apparatus of Claim 2, wherein the restriction element includes a restriction plug with a orifice, said plug being held in place by a liner insert in the conduit.
11. The apparatus of Claim 7 3 8 or 9, wherein the orifice has a diameter of from 10 to 30 percent of the diameter of the conduit in which the restriction element is disposed.
12. A process for the continuous, uninter-rupted removal of a slag/water slurry from a pressurized solid fuels gasification reactor, which process comprises the steps of:
(a) comminuting the slag solids in the slurry discharged from the reactor to reduce the particle size thereof, said slurry being discharged from the reactor at a pressure substantially equal to the reactor pressure; and 29,309A-F -13-(b) passing the slurry through a depressurizing system which includes a conduit through which the slurry flows continuously and at least one restriction element to restrict the continuous kinetic fluid flow of the slurry and thereby reduce the pressure of the slurry at the discharge end of the depressurizing system to a level substantially below the pressure of the reactor, said restriction element being disposed within the conduit and having an opening the diameter of which is less than that of the conduit.
(a) comminuting the slag solids in the slurry discharged from the reactor to reduce the particle size thereof, said slurry being discharged from the reactor at a pressure substantially equal to the reactor pressure; and 29,309A-F -13-(b) passing the slurry through a depressurizing system which includes a conduit through which the slurry flows continuously and at least one restriction element to restrict the continuous kinetic fluid flow of the slurry and thereby reduce the pressure of the slurry at the discharge end of the depressurizing system to a level substantially below the pressure of the reactor, said restriction element being disposed within the conduit and having an opening the diameter of which is less than that of the conduit.
13. The process of Claim 12, further comprising injecting and mixing water with the slurry after the particle size of the slag solids has been reduced by comminution in order to cool the slurry and provide for variable flow and pressure control thereof through the depressurizing system.
29,309A-F -14-
29,309A-F -14-
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000515369A CA1320642C (en) | 1986-08-06 | 1986-08-06 | Slag removal system for a solid fuels gasification reactor |
| IN642/MAS/86A IN167905B (en) | 1986-08-06 | 1986-08-11 | |
| DE8686306344T DE3686720T2 (en) | 1986-08-06 | 1986-08-15 | SLAG DISPENSING SYSTEM FOR A GASIFICATION REACTOR FOR SOLID FUELS. |
| EP86306344A EP0256186B1 (en) | 1986-08-06 | 1986-08-15 | Slag removal system for a solid fuels gasification reactor |
| ZA866011A ZA866011B (en) | 1986-08-06 | 1986-08-15 | |
| AU61707/86A AU582267B2 (en) | 1986-08-06 | 1986-08-21 | Slag removal system for a solid fuels gasification reactor |
| CN86105182A CN1016071B (en) | 1986-08-06 | 1986-08-22 | Slag removing device for solid fuel gasification reactor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000515369A CA1320642C (en) | 1986-08-06 | 1986-08-06 | Slag removal system for a solid fuels gasification reactor |
| EP86306344A EP0256186B1 (en) | 1986-08-06 | 1986-08-15 | Slag removal system for a solid fuels gasification reactor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1320642C true CA1320642C (en) | 1993-07-27 |
Family
ID=42651236
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000515369A Expired - Lifetime CA1320642C (en) | 1986-08-06 | 1986-08-06 | Slag removal system for a solid fuels gasification reactor |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0256186B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1016071B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU582267B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1320642C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3686720T2 (en) |
| IN (1) | IN167905B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA866011B (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3714915A1 (en) * | 1987-05-05 | 1988-11-24 | Shell Int Research | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS |
| CN102822915B (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2016-03-16 | 日立金属株式会社 | The renovation process of slurries, the manufacture method of rare-earth sintered magnet and slurry regenerating device |
| JP5743093B2 (en) | 2011-09-07 | 2015-07-01 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | Slag discharge system, gasifier, and gas generator |
| US9222040B2 (en) | 2012-06-07 | 2015-12-29 | General Electric Company | System and method for slurry handling |
| CN102732325A (en) * | 2012-07-06 | 2012-10-17 | 东南大学 | High-pressure and high-temperature furnace slag wind and water cooling and deslagging device |
| US9156631B2 (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2015-10-13 | General Electric Company | Multi-stage solids feeder system and method |
| US10018416B2 (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2018-07-10 | General Electric Company | System and method for removal of liquid from a solids flow |
| US9181046B2 (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2015-11-10 | General Electric Company | System and method to supply a solid feedstock to a solids feeder |
| WO2014143170A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Koenig Mark E | Isolation gate |
| GB2511890B8 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2018-09-05 | Koenig Mark | Outlet tube for a material transfer system |
| US10190065B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-01-29 | Mark E. Koenig | Feed delivery system and method for gasifier |
| US9702372B2 (en) | 2013-12-11 | 2017-07-11 | General Electric Company | System and method for continuous solids slurry depressurization |
| US9784121B2 (en) | 2013-12-11 | 2017-10-10 | General Electric Company | System and method for continuous solids slurry depressurization |
| CN111978993B (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2022-01-07 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Pressure reducing device and coke discharging system |
| CN115028344B (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2024-10-29 | 咸宁南玻光电玻璃有限公司 | Ear pool discharging and recycling device and application thereof |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB801803A (en) * | 1954-06-05 | 1958-09-24 | Svein Berger Evensen | An automatic closing device for doors |
| GB801103A (en) * | 1955-12-03 | 1958-09-10 | Kohlenscheidungs Gmbh | Gas producer or furnace with continuous discharge of molten residue |
| ZA751337B (en) * | 1974-03-18 | 1976-02-25 | Lummus Co | Ash removal system in coal or coke gasification |
| US4472171A (en) * | 1983-05-31 | 1984-09-18 | Texaco Development Corporation | Method and system for removing slag |
-
1986
- 1986-08-06 CA CA000515369A patent/CA1320642C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-08-11 IN IN642/MAS/86A patent/IN167905B/en unknown
- 1986-08-15 ZA ZA866011A patent/ZA866011B/xx unknown
- 1986-08-15 EP EP86306344A patent/EP0256186B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-08-15 DE DE8686306344T patent/DE3686720T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-08-21 AU AU61707/86A patent/AU582267B2/en not_active Expired
- 1986-08-22 CN CN86105182A patent/CN1016071B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0256186B1 (en) | 1992-09-09 |
| AU582267B2 (en) | 1989-03-16 |
| DE3686720T2 (en) | 1993-01-28 |
| CN86105182A (en) | 1988-03-02 |
| EP0256186A1 (en) | 1988-02-24 |
| IN167905B (en) | 1991-01-05 |
| CN1016071B (en) | 1992-04-01 |
| ZA866011B (en) | 1988-02-11 |
| AU6170786A (en) | 1988-02-25 |
| DE3686720D1 (en) | 1992-10-15 |
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