CA1219110A

CA1219110A - Building

Info

Publication number: CA1219110A
Application number: CA000462896A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Kurt Hlaweniczka
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1983-09-15
Filing date: 1984-09-11
Publication date: 1987-03-17
Also published as: GB8423296D0; GB2146761A; GB2146761B; AT378401B; DE3431196A1; ATA329383A

Abstract

ABSTRACT

BUILDING

Building with a heatable inner courtyard roofed over by a transparent covered roof structure, in which the region between the body of the building surrounding the courtyard and the roof structure, which is preferably of high reflecti-vity, is provided with closable openings and a heating apparatus is arranged within the courtyard and/or an air conditioning apparatus discharges into the latter, the walls surrounding the courtyard having a thermal conductivity coefficient of at least 2Wm-2 K-1, and preferably of at least 4Wm-2 K-1, and being provided, if desired, with openings into the rooms surrounding the courtyard.

Description

BUILDING

The invention relates to a bullding with a heatab]e inner courtyard roofed over by a transparent covered roof structure.
In such buildings, the inner courtyard is usually in constant use, e.g. as a reception hall or a counting house or the like. This has, however, as a prerequisite that the courtyard should be air conditioned.
Such air conditioning is, however, also necessary for the remaining rooms of the building.
When the courtyard is heated, the disadvantage occurs in the buildings initially referred to that, with heating installations which produce no very great draught, the temperature in the courtyard has a very unfavourable distribution, the temperature near the floor being the lowest and that close beneath the roof structure being the highest. This heat potential is scarcely utillsed in known buildings of the kind referred to. Moreover, problems also arise in the summer with these known buildings, since the courtyard is then heated to a considerable extent by solar radiation and consequently correspondingly powcrful air conditioning apparatus must be provided in order to be able to conserve bearable temperatures. This, however, involves a correspondingly high annual energy requirement for such buildings.
The object of the invention is to provide a building of the kind referred to initially in which these disadvantages are obviated and in which what is required for the air conditioning is obtained with a small annual expenditure.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by providing the region between the body of the building surrounding the courtyard and the roof structure, which is preferably of high reflectivity, with closable openings-and by arranging a heating apparatus in the courtyard and/or providing an air conditioning apparatus which discharges into it, the walls surrounding the ~ coefficient -2 -1 courtyard having a thermal conductivityAof at least 2Wm K
and preferably of at least 4Wm 2 K-l, and being provided, if desired, with openings into the rooms surrounding the co~rtyard.

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By the provision of these feature9 the result is obtained that, when the courtyard is heated, the mass of hot air which is formed when the openings are closed is utilised for heating the rooms surrounding the courtyard, this being a result of heat transfer through the walls. Furthermore, the possibility is afforded of providing for ventilation beneath the roof structure in the summer by opening and closing the openings in the region between the body of the building and the roof of the courtyard, wherehy an outflow from the mass of air which has built up under the roof structure under the action of the solar radiation is ensured. In this way the amount of energy required for the air conditioning of the building as well as the courtyard is also reduced.
According to a further feature of the invention, provision is made for enabling the roof structure to be raised and lowered. By means of this feature a particularly good ventilation beneath the roof structure is made possible, so that conditions can be obtained corresponding to those which are to be found in the buildings having a roofless inner courtyard.
- In a preferred embodiment of the invention provision is furthermore made for the courtyard to have under floor heating. It is thereby possible to satisfy the bas~c heat requirements by means of such a static heating surface and to satisfy any possible additional requirement by the supply of heated air. ~ith a view to a good utilisation of the heat content of the mass of hot air built up under the roof structure, it is advantageous if the ratio of the surface area of the courtyard to that of the walls surrounding the courtyard amounts to at least 1:1.5 and pr~ferably 1:2 to 1:3.
The invention will now be described in grea~er detail with reference to the drawings, in which:-Figure 1 shows schematically a vertical section through a building according to the invention and, Figure 2 shows a plan view of the roof structure.
As can be seen from Figure 1, the inner courtyard 2 which is surrounded by the body 1 of the building is covered by a rocf structure 3. As indicated in broken lines, this roof structure 3 is arranged so that it can be raised and lowered, as a result of which, when the roof structure 3 is raised, ventilation is obta~ned beneath L~

it.
The floor ~ of courtyard 2 is provided with under floor heating 5 by means of which a basic portion is contributed to the amollnt of heat required during operation under winter conditions.
Furthermore, outlets 6 of an air heating or air conditioning plant, which is not shown in further detail, are arranged in the inner courtyard 2 which ls used~ for example, as a counting house or exhibition hall, through which outlets 6 quantities of heat over and above the said basic portion are supplied during operation under winter conditions or cooled air is supplied during operation under summer conditions.
The walls surrounding the courtyard have a relatively hi~h thermal conductivity~o~ att least 2~m~2 K~1 and f bl 4 Wm 2 K 1, in order to make use of the heat of the mass of hot air which is formed beneath the roof structure 3 during winter operations when the latter rests on the body 1 of the building as shown in full lines, for heating the rooms 7 surrounding the inner courtyard 2. Furthermore, openings 8 are arranged in the walls surrounding the inner courtyard 2 through which the warm air from the inner courtyard 2 can flow into the adjoining rooms 7 from which it flows out again via any kind of venting system.
~hen the sun shines in, the said mass of air which is provlded when the roof 3 is closed heats up still further, so that this amount of energy also helps in a simple manner for heating of the rooms 7 surrounding the courtyard.
In ccnnection with the optimal utilisation of the total heat contained 'n the heated alr present in the courtyard for heating the rooms 7 adjoining the latter, it is advantageous if the ratio of the surface area of the courtyard 2 to that of the walls surrounding the 3~ latter is at least 1:1.5, and better still if it amounts to from 1:2 to 1:3, the optimal ratio being 1:2.25.
When the inner courtyard 2 and the adjoining rooms are air conditioned in summer, substantial savings are obtained in the amount of energy required for the ope~ation of the air conditioning plant as a result of the possibility of raising the ro~f structure 3 so that venting beneath it is achieved and conditions similar to those in the case of a roofless courtyard are obta~ned, since, due .. ..

to the venting beneath the roof structure, heating of the air in the courtyard in accordance with the hot llouse principle is avoided.
As shown diagrammatically in Figure 2, the roof structure 3 is guided by means of the lifting devices 9 and is adjustable for height.
As regards the dimensioning of the walls surrounding the courtyard 2 and of the system for venting the rooms 7 adjoining the courtyard, it is advantageous to provide for an air throughput of at least one air change per hour. Furthermore, it has proved to be advantageous to lay out the walls surrounding the courtyard 2 with a mass having a diural capacity (U index W) oi about 540 Wh-l K kg m~2 . . ~ ,

Claims

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. Building with a heatable inner courtyard roofed over by a transparent covered roof structure, characterized in that the region between the body of the building surrounding the courtyard and the roof structure, which is preferably of high reflectivity, is provided with closable openings within the court-yard and/or an air conditioning apparatus discharges into the latter, the walls surrounding the courtyard having a thermal conductivity coefficient of at least 2Wm-2 K-1, and preferably of at least 4Wm-2 K-1, and being provided, if desired, with openings into the rooms surrounding the courtyard.

2. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the courtyard is provided with under floor heating.

3. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the roof structure is arranged so that it can be raised and lowered.

4. Building according to claim 2, characterized in that the roof structure is arranged so that it can be raised and lowered.

5. Building according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the ratio of the surface area of the courtyard to that of the walls surrounding the courtyard amounts to at least 1:1.5 and preferably 1:2 to 1:3.

6. Building according to claim 4, characterized in that the ratio of the surface area of the courtyard to that of the walls surrounding the courtyard amounts to at least 1:1.5 and preferably 1:2 to 1:3.