CA1299397C - Apparatus for automatically welding cylindrical vessel - Google Patents
Apparatus for automatically welding cylindrical vesselInfo
- Publication number
- CA1299397C CA1299397C CA 579649 CA579649A CA1299397C CA 1299397 C CA1299397 C CA 1299397C CA 579649 CA579649 CA 579649 CA 579649 A CA579649 A CA 579649A CA 1299397 C CA1299397 C CA 1299397C
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- welding
- groove
- controller
- carriage
- cylindrical vessel
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
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Abstract
APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATICALLY WELDING CYLINDRICAL VESSEL
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An apparatus for automatically welding a cylindrical vessel, which comprises: a rotating means (8) for rotating a cylindrical vessel to be welded around the center axis thereof; a travelling carriage (1); a manipulator (2) mounted on the carriage (1), said manipulator comprising a vertical post (10) secured onto the carriage (1), a horizontal column (11) movable horizontally and vertically along the vertical post (10), and an expansion arm (12) fitted rotatably to the leading end of the horizontal column (11): a welding head (4) fitted through an L-shaped fitting member (3) to the tip of the arm (12), said weld-ing head comprising a welding nozzle (16), a groove profiling means (17) and a groove shooting means (20);
a welding wire feeder (5) mounted on the carriage (1);
a welding electric power source (6) mounted on the carriage (1); and a welding controller (9) mounted on the carriage (1), said welding controller comprising an image processor (32), a welding current controller (33), a welding wire feed controller (34), a welding speed controller (35), and a groove profiling controller (36).
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An apparatus for automatically welding a cylindrical vessel, which comprises: a rotating means (8) for rotating a cylindrical vessel to be welded around the center axis thereof; a travelling carriage (1); a manipulator (2) mounted on the carriage (1), said manipulator comprising a vertical post (10) secured onto the carriage (1), a horizontal column (11) movable horizontally and vertically along the vertical post (10), and an expansion arm (12) fitted rotatably to the leading end of the horizontal column (11): a welding head (4) fitted through an L-shaped fitting member (3) to the tip of the arm (12), said weld-ing head comprising a welding nozzle (16), a groove profiling means (17) and a groove shooting means (20);
a welding wire feeder (5) mounted on the carriage (1);
a welding electric power source (6) mounted on the carriage (1); and a welding controller (9) mounted on the carriage (1), said welding controller comprising an image processor (32), a welding current controller (33), a welding wire feed controller (34), a welding speed controller (35), and a groove profiling controller (36).
Description
3~7 FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an apparatus for automatically welding a tack-welded cylindrical vessel along an outer surface groove and an inner surface groove formed thereon.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
. _ For welding a tack-welded cylindrical vessel such as a pressure vessel along an outer surface groove and an inner surface groove formed thereon, it is the conventional practice to use -a manual welding or to assemble a self-travelling welding machine in the cyIindrical vessel for welding.
However, a manual welding has a low efficiency, and when welding a cylindrical~vessel along an inner surface groove formed thereon, inconvenience is inevitable that welding cannot be accomplished unless the operator enters the narrow space within the cylindrical vessel. On the other hand, since a self-travelling welding machine gives an unstable travel, it is impossible to conduct high-speed welding.
Under such circumstances, there is a demand for development of an apparatus for automatically welding a ~9~3~7 tack-welded cylindrical vessel at a hight efficiency along an outer surface groove and an inner surface groove formed thereon, but such a welding apparatus has not as yet been proposed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is therefore to provide an apparatus for automatically welding a tack-welded cylindrical vessel at a high efficiency along an outer surface groove and an inner surface groove formed thereon.
In accordance with one of the ~eatures of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for automatically welding a cylindrical vessel, which comprises:
a rotating means for rotating a cylindrical vessel to be welded, placed horizontally thereon, around the center axis of the cylindrical vessel;
a travelllng carriage;
a manipulator mounted on the carriage, the manipulator comprising a post vertically secured onto the carriage, a column horizontally fitted to the vertical post, the horizontal column being horiæontally movable relative to the vertical post and vertically movable along the vertical post, and an expansion arm fitted~rotatably within a vertical plane to the leading end of the horizontal column;
ycc/jc 3 ~299397 an L-shaped fitting member Pitted rotatably around the center axis o~ the expansion arm to the tip of the arm;
a welding head fitted to said L-shaped fitting member, the welding head comprising a welding nozzle, the center axis of which runs along the extension of the center axis of the expansion arm, for guiding a welding wire toward a groove formed on the cylindrical vessel to be welded, a groove profiling means which comprises a horizontal profiling mechanism for moving the welding nozzle in the width direction of the groove and a vertical profiling mechanism for moving the welding nozzle in the depth direction of the groove, and a groove shooting means which comprising a ~V camera for shooting a portion of the groove in the downstream of the travelling direction of the welding nozzle and a light source for illuminating the portion of the groove to be shot by the TV camera, whereby the welding head is rotatable around the center axis of the welding nozzle along with rotation of~the L-shaped fitting member;
a welding wire feeder, mounted on the carriage, for continuously feeding the welding wire through the welding nozzle toward the groove;
a welding electric power source, mounted on the carriage, for supplying a welding current to the weldlng wire tR ~produce an arc between the tip of the welding wire and the groove; and ycc/jc 4 .
l~g~3~7 a weldiny controller mounted on the carriage, the welding controller comprisiny an image processor for converting an image signal from the groove shooting means into a groove shape signal, a welding current controller for controlling the welding electric power source in response to the groove shape signal from the image processor so as to maintain the welding current at an appropriate value, a welding wire fed controller for controlling the welding wire feeder in response to the welding current from the welding electric power source so as to maintain the feeding rate of the welding wire at an appropriate value, a welding speed controller for controlling any one of the rotating speed of the rotating m~ans and the horizontal moving speed of the horizontal column in response to the feeding rate of the welding wire so as to maintain the welding speed at an appropriate value, and a groove profiling controller for controlling the groove profiling means on the basis of the welding current from tha welding electric power source so as to cause the center axis of the~welding~nozzle to run along~ the center line of the groove~and to maintain the distance between the tip of the welding wire and the groove at an appropriate value.
ycc/~c 5 ~299~7 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a front view illustrating an embodiment of the apparatus for automatically welding a cylindrical vessel of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a side view illustrating a welding head in the apparatus for automatically weldiny a cylindrical vessel of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a front view illustrating an expansion arm fitted with the welding head in the apparatus for automatically welding a cylindrical vessel of the present invention; and Fig. 4 is a side view illustrating the expansion arm fitted with the welding head in the apparatus for .
:~ :
ycc/jc 6 ~L~gg397 automatically welding a cylindrical vessel of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
From the above-mentioned point of view, extensive g studios wer~ Ga~ried ~ut ~o devel.op an apparatus fo~
automatically welding a cylindrical vessel at a high efficiency along an outer surface groove and an inner surface groove formed thereon. As a result, there was obtained the finding that it is possible to automatically weld a cylindrical vessel at a high efficiency along an outer surface groove and an inner surface groove formed on the cylindrical vessel in the axial and circumferen-tial directions thereof, by horizontally placing the cylindrical vessel to be welded on a rotating means, rotatably fitting a welding head, which comprises a welding nozzle, a groove shooting means and a groove profiling means, to the leading end of a horizontally movable column, and controlling the rotating means, -the horizontal column and the welding head by means of a welding controller.
The present invenkion was made on the basis of the above-mentioned findlnq. Now, the apparatus for automati-cally welding a cylindrical vesseL of the present invention ~ : - 7 -lZ~93~7 is described in detail with reference to drawings.
Fig. 1 is a front view illustrating an embodiment o~ tha ~pp~atu~ f~r automa4ically w~ldln~ a aylindriaa vessel of the present invention; and Fig. 2 is a side view illustrating a welding head in the apparatus for automatically welding a cylindrical vessel of the present invention.
As shown in Figs . 1 and 2, the apparatus for automatically welding a cylindrical vessel of the present invention comprises a rotating means 8 comprising rollers and the like for rotating a cylindrical vessel 7 to be welded which is placed horizontally thereon, around the center axis of the cylindrical vessel 7, a travelling carriage 1, a manipulator 2 mountèd on the carriage 1, , an L-shaped fitting member 3 fitted to the leading end of the manipulator 2, a welding head 4 itted to the L-shaped fitting member 3, a welding wire feeder 5, mounted on the carriage 1, for continuously~feeding a welding wire 15 through a welding nozzle described later of the welding head 4 toward a groove (not shown) formed on the cylindrical .
vessel 7, a welding electric power source 6, mounted on the carriage 5~, for supplylng a welding current to the welding wire l5 to produce an arc between the tip of the welding wire 15 and the groove, and a welding controller 9 mounted on the carriage 1.
39~
The manipulator 2 comprises a post lO vertically secured onto the carriage l, a column 11 horlzontally fitted to the vertical post 10 and an expansion arm 12 fitted rotatably within a vertical plane around a hori-zontal axle 13 as shown in Figs 1 and 3 to the leading end of the horizontal column 11 Th~ horizontal column 11 i9 horlzontally movable by means, for example, of a rack and pinion mechanism (not shown) relative to the vertical post 10, and is also vertically movable by means, for example, of a rack and pinion mechanism (not shown) along the vertical post 10 When welding the cylindrical vessel 7 along an inner surface groove (not shown) formed thereon, the horizontal column 11 is inserted together with the expansion arm 12 rotated to the horizontal position as shown in Fig 3, into the cylindrical vessel 7 to be welded through an opening 7A which is provisionally provided on one end of the cvlindrical vessel 7 and is to be closed after the completion of welding The expansion arm 12 comprises, for example, a hydraulic cylinder, and is expandable in match with the inside diameter of the cylindrical vessel~7 as shown in Fig 4 The L-shaped f~itting member 3 is fitted rotatably around the center axis of the expansion arm 12 of the ~anipuls~or 2 bV hs aceion of a first motor 14, to the ~9~3g7 tip of the expansion arm 12. The welding head 4 comprises a welding nozzle 16, the center axis of which runs alony the extension of the center axis of the expansion arm , 12, for guiding the welding wire 15 toward the groove (not shown) formed on the cylindrical vessel 7 to be welded, a gxoove profiling means 17 which comprises a horizontal profiling mechanism 18 for moving the welding nozzle 16 in the width direction of the groove and a verticaI
profiling mechanism 19 for moving the welding nozzle 16 in the depth direction of the groove, and a groove shoot-ing means 20 which comprises a TV camera 21 for shooting a portion of the groove in the downstream of the travell-ing direction of the welding nozzle 16 and a light source 22 for illuminating the portion of the groove to be shot by the TV camera 21. The welding head 4 is rotatable around the center axis of the welding nozzle 16 along with rotation of the L~shaped fitting member 3.
.
The welding nozzle 16 is, for example, a nozzle for rotary arc-welding, and rotatable around the center axis thereof at a prescribed rotating speed. The welding wire 15 is sub~stantially vertically fed from the welding wire feeder S through the welding nozzle 16, eccentrially from the center axis of the welding nozzle 16, toward the groove. As the welding nozzle 16 rotates, an arc produced between the tip o~ the welding wire 15 and the groove ,: :
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moves on a circle corresponding to the above-mentioned eccentricity of the welding wire 15. The arc and the groove are shielded from the open air by a shielding gas from a shielding gas bottle 23 mounted on the carriage 1.
The welding wire 15 and the shielding gas are continuously fed to the welding nozzle 16 through a guide pipe 24 connected between the welding wire feeder 5 and the weld-ing nozzle 16. For the purpose of removing accumulation of dirt and dust in the groove, an air nozzle 25 may be provided, as required, in the downstream of the travell-ing direction of the welding nozzle 16.
The horizontal profiling mechanism 18 of the groove profiling means 17 is secured to the L-shaped fitting member 3, and comprises a horizontal threaded rod 27 rotatable by a second motor 26, and a horizontal moving member 28 screw-engaging with the horizontal threaded rod 27. The vertical profiling mechanism 19 of the groove profiling means 17 is secured to the horizontal moving member 28 of the above-mentioned horizontal profiling mechanism 18, and comprises a vertical threaded rod 30 rotatable by a third motor 29, and a vertical moving member 31 screw-engaging with the vertical threaded rod 30. The:second motor 26 and the third motor 29 are controlled by the welding controller 9 as described hereinbelow. The welding noz21e 16 is secured to the above-mentioned vertical moving member 31.
The welding controller 9 comprises an image processor 32, a welding current controller 33, a welding wire feed controller 34, a welding speed controller 35, and a groove profiling controller 36. The image proces-sor 32 converts an image signal from the groove shooting means 20 into a groove shape signal. The welding current controller 33 controls the welding electric power source 6 in response to the groove shape signal from the image processor 32 so as to maintain the welding current from the welding electric power source 6 at an appropriate value. The welding wire feed controller 34 controls the welding wire feeder 5 in response to the welding current from the welding electric power source 6 so as to main-tain the feeding rate of the welding wire 15 at an appropriate value. The welding speed controller 35 controls any one of the rotating speed of the rotating means 8 and the horizonta] moving speed of the horizontal column ll of the manipulator 2 in response to the feeding rate of the weldlng wire 15 so as to maintain the welding speed at an appropriate value. The groove profiling controller 36 controls the groove profiling means 17 on the basis of the welding current from the welding electric power source 6 so as to cause the center axis of the welding nozzle 16 to run along the center line of the . ' , .
..
~9~3g~
groove and to maintain the distance bet~een the tip of the welding wire 15 and the groove at an approriate valué.
The groove profiling controller 36 is explained in more detail below. The groove profiling controller 36 continuously detects, for each one rotation of the welding nozzle 16, values of variation of the welding current from the welding electric power source 6, for each of the left half cycle and the right half cycle relative to a vertical plane including the center axis of the welding nozzle 16, continuously smoothes, for said each one rotation, the values of variation thus detected of the welding current for said left half cycle and said rlght half cycle, continuously calculates, for said each one~ rotation, the difference between the values of variation thus smoothed of the welding current for said left half cycle and;said~right half cyclej and controls the rotation~of the~second~motor 26~of the horizontal , , profiling mechanls~m~18 to controllably move~,~for said each one rotation, the welding nozzle 16 in the width : :
direction of the groove so that the difference thus calculated becomes zero,~whereby the center axis of the welding`nozzle~;l6 is~aLigned with thé~aenter line of the groove~ for~;said~eaoh~one rot~ation.
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~ Furthermore, the groove~profiling controller 36 oontinuously detects, for each one rotation of the welding ': :
~: :
:
~LZ99397 nozzle 16, values of variation of the welding current from the welding electric power source 6, continuously smoothes, for said each one rotation, the values of variation thus detected of the welding current, continu-ously calculates, for said each one rotation, the dif-ference between the values o~ variation thus smoothed of the welding current and the reference value o~ the welding current from the welding electric power source 6, and controls the rotation of the third motor 29 of the verti~aI p.rofiling mechani~m 19 to controllably move, for said each one.rotation, the welding nozzle 16 in the depth direction of the groove so that the difference thus calcuLated becomes zero, whereby the distance bet-ween the tip of the weldlng wire 15 and the groove i5 maintained at an appropriate value for said each one rotation.
Now, a case:where:a tack-welded cylindrical vessel 7 is welded along an inner surface groove formed in the circumferential direction thereof, using the welding apparatus of the present invention, is described.
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First, the cylindrical vessel 7 to be welded is horizontally placed on the rotating means 8. Then, after rotating;the expansion arm 12 to the horizontal position as shown by a two-poin-t chain line in Fig. 3, the horizontal~column 11 is vertically moved along the vertical : ::
~ : - 14 -. . .
'~ : . . , .
: , 9~97 post 10 so that the welding head 4 faces the opening 7A
provisionally provided on one end of the cylindrical vessel 7. Then, the horizontal column 11 is moved hor,izon-tally ta be inserted same- together with the expansion arm 12 into the cylindrical vessel 7. Subsequently, the expansion arm 12 is rotated to the vertical position as shown by a solid line in Fig. 3. ~t this point, the welding head 4 is rotated by means of the first motor 14 of the L-shaped fitting member 3 so that the TV camera 21 is positioned above the inner suxface groove. By adjusting the length of the expansion arm 12 while watching the monitor of the TV camera 21, the distance between the tip of the welding wire 15 and the inner surface groove'is maintained at an appropriate value.
Once the welding head 4 is thus set at a prescribed position in the cylindrical vessel 7 to be welded, the cylindxical vessel 7 i~ rotated around the center axis thereof by means of the rotating means 8, and the weld-ing current is supplied from the welding electric power source 6 to the welding wire 15 to produce an arc between the tip of the welding wixe 15 and the inner surface gIooVe, whereby the tack-weLded cylindrical vessel 7 is~welded along the inner surface groove. In this case, an image signal from the TV camera 21 is converted by the image processor 32 into a~groove shape signal, and ~ ~ 15 -; .
the welding electric power source 6 is controlled by the welding current controller 33 in response to the groove shape signal from the image processor 32 50 thatthe weld-ing current is maintained at an appropriate value. At the same time, the wire feeder 5 is controlled by the welding wire feed controller 34 in response to the weld-ing curren-t from the welding electric power source 6 so that the feeding rate of the welding wlre 15 i9 maintained at an appropriate value. Simultaneously, the rotating speed of the rotating means 8 is controlled by the weld-ing speed controller 35 of the welding controller 9 in response to the feeding rate of the welding wire 15 from the welding wire feeder 5 so that the welding speed is maintained at an appropriate value. Furthermore, the groove profiling means 17, which comprises the horizontal profiling mechanism 18 and the vertical profiling mechanism 19, is controlled by the groove profiling controller 36, on the basis of the welding current from the welding electric power source 6, ~so that the center axis of the welding nozzle 16 runs along the center line of the inner surface groove and the distance between the tip of the welding wire 15:and the inner surface groove is maLntained at an appropriate:value. The cylindrical vessel 7 is thus automatically welded as described above, unde~ the predetermlned welding conditions, along the ~ ' , ': ' ' .' ' ~ ~ , ' ' 129~39~
inner surface groove formed circumferentially thereon.
Now, a case where a tack-welded cylindrical vessel 7 is welded along an inner surface groove fonned in the axial direction thereof, using the welding apparatus of the present invention, is described.
The horizontal column 11 of the manipulator 2 is horizontally moved when the cylindrical vessel 7 is welded along the inner surface groove formed in the axial direc-tion thereof, whereas the cylindrical vessel 7 is rotated around the center axis thereof as described above when the cylindrical vessel 7 is welded along the inner surface groove formed in the circumferential direction thereof. More specifically, the cylindrical vessel 7 is not rotated around the center aixs thereof, but the horizontal column 11 is horizontaIly moved instead. In this case,~the horizontal moving speed of the horizontal column lI is controlled by the weldLng speed controller 35 of the welding controller 9 in~response to the feeding rate of the welding wLre 15 from the welding wire feeder 5 so that the weldlng speed is maintained at an appropriate value.
:
When welding of the cylindrical vessel 7 along the inner surface grooves formed in the circumferential and axial directions thereof is completed, the horizontal ~Z993~7 column 11 is horizontally withdrawn together with the expansion arm 12 from the cylindrical vessel 7 through the opening 7A after rotating the expansion arm 12 to the horizontal position. The cylindrical vessel 7 is then automatically welded along the outer surface grooves formed in the circumferential and axial directions thereof in a manner similar to that for the above-mentioned welding of the cylindrical vessel 7 along the inner surface grooves formed in the circumferential and axial directions thereof.
According to the welding apparatus of the present invention, as described above in detail, it is possible to automatically weld a tack-welded cylindrical vessel at a high efficiency along an outer surface groove and an inner surface groove formed thereon, thus providing in~ustr~ally useful eEe_L~.
:: ' :
~ ~ .
The present invention relates to an apparatus for automatically welding a tack-welded cylindrical vessel along an outer surface groove and an inner surface groove formed thereon.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
. _ For welding a tack-welded cylindrical vessel such as a pressure vessel along an outer surface groove and an inner surface groove formed thereon, it is the conventional practice to use -a manual welding or to assemble a self-travelling welding machine in the cyIindrical vessel for welding.
However, a manual welding has a low efficiency, and when welding a cylindrical~vessel along an inner surface groove formed thereon, inconvenience is inevitable that welding cannot be accomplished unless the operator enters the narrow space within the cylindrical vessel. On the other hand, since a self-travelling welding machine gives an unstable travel, it is impossible to conduct high-speed welding.
Under such circumstances, there is a demand for development of an apparatus for automatically welding a ~9~3~7 tack-welded cylindrical vessel at a hight efficiency along an outer surface groove and an inner surface groove formed thereon, but such a welding apparatus has not as yet been proposed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is therefore to provide an apparatus for automatically welding a tack-welded cylindrical vessel at a high efficiency along an outer surface groove and an inner surface groove formed thereon.
In accordance with one of the ~eatures of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for automatically welding a cylindrical vessel, which comprises:
a rotating means for rotating a cylindrical vessel to be welded, placed horizontally thereon, around the center axis of the cylindrical vessel;
a travelllng carriage;
a manipulator mounted on the carriage, the manipulator comprising a post vertically secured onto the carriage, a column horizontally fitted to the vertical post, the horizontal column being horiæontally movable relative to the vertical post and vertically movable along the vertical post, and an expansion arm fitted~rotatably within a vertical plane to the leading end of the horizontal column;
ycc/jc 3 ~299397 an L-shaped fitting member Pitted rotatably around the center axis o~ the expansion arm to the tip of the arm;
a welding head fitted to said L-shaped fitting member, the welding head comprising a welding nozzle, the center axis of which runs along the extension of the center axis of the expansion arm, for guiding a welding wire toward a groove formed on the cylindrical vessel to be welded, a groove profiling means which comprises a horizontal profiling mechanism for moving the welding nozzle in the width direction of the groove and a vertical profiling mechanism for moving the welding nozzle in the depth direction of the groove, and a groove shooting means which comprising a ~V camera for shooting a portion of the groove in the downstream of the travelling direction of the welding nozzle and a light source for illuminating the portion of the groove to be shot by the TV camera, whereby the welding head is rotatable around the center axis of the welding nozzle along with rotation of~the L-shaped fitting member;
a welding wire feeder, mounted on the carriage, for continuously feeding the welding wire through the welding nozzle toward the groove;
a welding electric power source, mounted on the carriage, for supplying a welding current to the weldlng wire tR ~produce an arc between the tip of the welding wire and the groove; and ycc/jc 4 .
l~g~3~7 a weldiny controller mounted on the carriage, the welding controller comprisiny an image processor for converting an image signal from the groove shooting means into a groove shape signal, a welding current controller for controlling the welding electric power source in response to the groove shape signal from the image processor so as to maintain the welding current at an appropriate value, a welding wire fed controller for controlling the welding wire feeder in response to the welding current from the welding electric power source so as to maintain the feeding rate of the welding wire at an appropriate value, a welding speed controller for controlling any one of the rotating speed of the rotating m~ans and the horizontal moving speed of the horizontal column in response to the feeding rate of the welding wire so as to maintain the welding speed at an appropriate value, and a groove profiling controller for controlling the groove profiling means on the basis of the welding current from tha welding electric power source so as to cause the center axis of the~welding~nozzle to run along~ the center line of the groove~and to maintain the distance between the tip of the welding wire and the groove at an appropriate value.
ycc/~c 5 ~299~7 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a front view illustrating an embodiment of the apparatus for automatically welding a cylindrical vessel of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a side view illustrating a welding head in the apparatus for automatically weldiny a cylindrical vessel of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a front view illustrating an expansion arm fitted with the welding head in the apparatus for automatically welding a cylindrical vessel of the present invention; and Fig. 4 is a side view illustrating the expansion arm fitted with the welding head in the apparatus for .
:~ :
ycc/jc 6 ~L~gg397 automatically welding a cylindrical vessel of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
From the above-mentioned point of view, extensive g studios wer~ Ga~ried ~ut ~o devel.op an apparatus fo~
automatically welding a cylindrical vessel at a high efficiency along an outer surface groove and an inner surface groove formed thereon. As a result, there was obtained the finding that it is possible to automatically weld a cylindrical vessel at a high efficiency along an outer surface groove and an inner surface groove formed on the cylindrical vessel in the axial and circumferen-tial directions thereof, by horizontally placing the cylindrical vessel to be welded on a rotating means, rotatably fitting a welding head, which comprises a welding nozzle, a groove shooting means and a groove profiling means, to the leading end of a horizontally movable column, and controlling the rotating means, -the horizontal column and the welding head by means of a welding controller.
The present invenkion was made on the basis of the above-mentioned findlnq. Now, the apparatus for automati-cally welding a cylindrical vesseL of the present invention ~ : - 7 -lZ~93~7 is described in detail with reference to drawings.
Fig. 1 is a front view illustrating an embodiment o~ tha ~pp~atu~ f~r automa4ically w~ldln~ a aylindriaa vessel of the present invention; and Fig. 2 is a side view illustrating a welding head in the apparatus for automatically welding a cylindrical vessel of the present invention.
As shown in Figs . 1 and 2, the apparatus for automatically welding a cylindrical vessel of the present invention comprises a rotating means 8 comprising rollers and the like for rotating a cylindrical vessel 7 to be welded which is placed horizontally thereon, around the center axis of the cylindrical vessel 7, a travelling carriage 1, a manipulator 2 mountèd on the carriage 1, , an L-shaped fitting member 3 fitted to the leading end of the manipulator 2, a welding head 4 itted to the L-shaped fitting member 3, a welding wire feeder 5, mounted on the carriage 1, for continuously~feeding a welding wire 15 through a welding nozzle described later of the welding head 4 toward a groove (not shown) formed on the cylindrical .
vessel 7, a welding electric power source 6, mounted on the carriage 5~, for supplylng a welding current to the welding wire l5 to produce an arc between the tip of the welding wire 15 and the groove, and a welding controller 9 mounted on the carriage 1.
39~
The manipulator 2 comprises a post lO vertically secured onto the carriage l, a column 11 horlzontally fitted to the vertical post 10 and an expansion arm 12 fitted rotatably within a vertical plane around a hori-zontal axle 13 as shown in Figs 1 and 3 to the leading end of the horizontal column 11 Th~ horizontal column 11 i9 horlzontally movable by means, for example, of a rack and pinion mechanism (not shown) relative to the vertical post 10, and is also vertically movable by means, for example, of a rack and pinion mechanism (not shown) along the vertical post 10 When welding the cylindrical vessel 7 along an inner surface groove (not shown) formed thereon, the horizontal column 11 is inserted together with the expansion arm 12 rotated to the horizontal position as shown in Fig 3, into the cylindrical vessel 7 to be welded through an opening 7A which is provisionally provided on one end of the cvlindrical vessel 7 and is to be closed after the completion of welding The expansion arm 12 comprises, for example, a hydraulic cylinder, and is expandable in match with the inside diameter of the cylindrical vessel~7 as shown in Fig 4 The L-shaped f~itting member 3 is fitted rotatably around the center axis of the expansion arm 12 of the ~anipuls~or 2 bV hs aceion of a first motor 14, to the ~9~3g7 tip of the expansion arm 12. The welding head 4 comprises a welding nozzle 16, the center axis of which runs alony the extension of the center axis of the expansion arm , 12, for guiding the welding wire 15 toward the groove (not shown) formed on the cylindrical vessel 7 to be welded, a gxoove profiling means 17 which comprises a horizontal profiling mechanism 18 for moving the welding nozzle 16 in the width direction of the groove and a verticaI
profiling mechanism 19 for moving the welding nozzle 16 in the depth direction of the groove, and a groove shoot-ing means 20 which comprises a TV camera 21 for shooting a portion of the groove in the downstream of the travell-ing direction of the welding nozzle 16 and a light source 22 for illuminating the portion of the groove to be shot by the TV camera 21. The welding head 4 is rotatable around the center axis of the welding nozzle 16 along with rotation of the L~shaped fitting member 3.
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The welding nozzle 16 is, for example, a nozzle for rotary arc-welding, and rotatable around the center axis thereof at a prescribed rotating speed. The welding wire 15 is sub~stantially vertically fed from the welding wire feeder S through the welding nozzle 16, eccentrially from the center axis of the welding nozzle 16, toward the groove. As the welding nozzle 16 rotates, an arc produced between the tip o~ the welding wire 15 and the groove ,: :
~2~g3g~
moves on a circle corresponding to the above-mentioned eccentricity of the welding wire 15. The arc and the groove are shielded from the open air by a shielding gas from a shielding gas bottle 23 mounted on the carriage 1.
The welding wire 15 and the shielding gas are continuously fed to the welding nozzle 16 through a guide pipe 24 connected between the welding wire feeder 5 and the weld-ing nozzle 16. For the purpose of removing accumulation of dirt and dust in the groove, an air nozzle 25 may be provided, as required, in the downstream of the travell-ing direction of the welding nozzle 16.
The horizontal profiling mechanism 18 of the groove profiling means 17 is secured to the L-shaped fitting member 3, and comprises a horizontal threaded rod 27 rotatable by a second motor 26, and a horizontal moving member 28 screw-engaging with the horizontal threaded rod 27. The vertical profiling mechanism 19 of the groove profiling means 17 is secured to the horizontal moving member 28 of the above-mentioned horizontal profiling mechanism 18, and comprises a vertical threaded rod 30 rotatable by a third motor 29, and a vertical moving member 31 screw-engaging with the vertical threaded rod 30. The:second motor 26 and the third motor 29 are controlled by the welding controller 9 as described hereinbelow. The welding noz21e 16 is secured to the above-mentioned vertical moving member 31.
The welding controller 9 comprises an image processor 32, a welding current controller 33, a welding wire feed controller 34, a welding speed controller 35, and a groove profiling controller 36. The image proces-sor 32 converts an image signal from the groove shooting means 20 into a groove shape signal. The welding current controller 33 controls the welding electric power source 6 in response to the groove shape signal from the image processor 32 so as to maintain the welding current from the welding electric power source 6 at an appropriate value. The welding wire feed controller 34 controls the welding wire feeder 5 in response to the welding current from the welding electric power source 6 so as to main-tain the feeding rate of the welding wire 15 at an appropriate value. The welding speed controller 35 controls any one of the rotating speed of the rotating means 8 and the horizonta] moving speed of the horizontal column ll of the manipulator 2 in response to the feeding rate of the weldlng wire 15 so as to maintain the welding speed at an appropriate value. The groove profiling controller 36 controls the groove profiling means 17 on the basis of the welding current from the welding electric power source 6 so as to cause the center axis of the welding nozzle 16 to run along the center line of the . ' , .
..
~9~3g~
groove and to maintain the distance bet~een the tip of the welding wire 15 and the groove at an approriate valué.
The groove profiling controller 36 is explained in more detail below. The groove profiling controller 36 continuously detects, for each one rotation of the welding nozzle 16, values of variation of the welding current from the welding electric power source 6, for each of the left half cycle and the right half cycle relative to a vertical plane including the center axis of the welding nozzle 16, continuously smoothes, for said each one rotation, the values of variation thus detected of the welding current for said left half cycle and said rlght half cycle, continuously calculates, for said each one~ rotation, the difference between the values of variation thus smoothed of the welding current for said left half cycle and;said~right half cyclej and controls the rotation~of the~second~motor 26~of the horizontal , , profiling mechanls~m~18 to controllably move~,~for said each one rotation, the welding nozzle 16 in the width : :
direction of the groove so that the difference thus calculated becomes zero,~whereby the center axis of the welding`nozzle~;l6 is~aLigned with thé~aenter line of the groove~ for~;said~eaoh~one rot~ation.
:::: ~
~ Furthermore, the groove~profiling controller 36 oontinuously detects, for each one rotation of the welding ': :
~: :
:
~LZ99397 nozzle 16, values of variation of the welding current from the welding electric power source 6, continuously smoothes, for said each one rotation, the values of variation thus detected of the welding current, continu-ously calculates, for said each one rotation, the dif-ference between the values o~ variation thus smoothed of the welding current and the reference value o~ the welding current from the welding electric power source 6, and controls the rotation of the third motor 29 of the verti~aI p.rofiling mechani~m 19 to controllably move, for said each one.rotation, the welding nozzle 16 in the depth direction of the groove so that the difference thus calcuLated becomes zero, whereby the distance bet-ween the tip of the weldlng wire 15 and the groove i5 maintained at an appropriate value for said each one rotation.
Now, a case:where:a tack-welded cylindrical vessel 7 is welded along an inner surface groove formed in the circumferential direction thereof, using the welding apparatus of the present invention, is described.
::
First, the cylindrical vessel 7 to be welded is horizontally placed on the rotating means 8. Then, after rotating;the expansion arm 12 to the horizontal position as shown by a two-poin-t chain line in Fig. 3, the horizontal~column 11 is vertically moved along the vertical : ::
~ : - 14 -. . .
'~ : . . , .
: , 9~97 post 10 so that the welding head 4 faces the opening 7A
provisionally provided on one end of the cylindrical vessel 7. Then, the horizontal column 11 is moved hor,izon-tally ta be inserted same- together with the expansion arm 12 into the cylindrical vessel 7. Subsequently, the expansion arm 12 is rotated to the vertical position as shown by a solid line in Fig. 3. ~t this point, the welding head 4 is rotated by means of the first motor 14 of the L-shaped fitting member 3 so that the TV camera 21 is positioned above the inner suxface groove. By adjusting the length of the expansion arm 12 while watching the monitor of the TV camera 21, the distance between the tip of the welding wire 15 and the inner surface groove'is maintained at an appropriate value.
Once the welding head 4 is thus set at a prescribed position in the cylindrical vessel 7 to be welded, the cylindxical vessel 7 i~ rotated around the center axis thereof by means of the rotating means 8, and the weld-ing current is supplied from the welding electric power source 6 to the welding wire 15 to produce an arc between the tip of the welding wixe 15 and the inner surface gIooVe, whereby the tack-weLded cylindrical vessel 7 is~welded along the inner surface groove. In this case, an image signal from the TV camera 21 is converted by the image processor 32 into a~groove shape signal, and ~ ~ 15 -; .
the welding electric power source 6 is controlled by the welding current controller 33 in response to the groove shape signal from the image processor 32 50 thatthe weld-ing current is maintained at an appropriate value. At the same time, the wire feeder 5 is controlled by the welding wire feed controller 34 in response to the weld-ing curren-t from the welding electric power source 6 so that the feeding rate of the welding wlre 15 i9 maintained at an appropriate value. Simultaneously, the rotating speed of the rotating means 8 is controlled by the weld-ing speed controller 35 of the welding controller 9 in response to the feeding rate of the welding wire 15 from the welding wire feeder 5 so that the welding speed is maintained at an appropriate value. Furthermore, the groove profiling means 17, which comprises the horizontal profiling mechanism 18 and the vertical profiling mechanism 19, is controlled by the groove profiling controller 36, on the basis of the welding current from the welding electric power source 6, ~so that the center axis of the welding nozzle 16 runs along the center line of the inner surface groove and the distance between the tip of the welding wire 15:and the inner surface groove is maLntained at an appropriate:value. The cylindrical vessel 7 is thus automatically welded as described above, unde~ the predetermlned welding conditions, along the ~ ' , ': ' ' .' ' ~ ~ , ' ' 129~39~
inner surface groove formed circumferentially thereon.
Now, a case where a tack-welded cylindrical vessel 7 is welded along an inner surface groove fonned in the axial direction thereof, using the welding apparatus of the present invention, is described.
The horizontal column 11 of the manipulator 2 is horizontally moved when the cylindrical vessel 7 is welded along the inner surface groove formed in the axial direc-tion thereof, whereas the cylindrical vessel 7 is rotated around the center axis thereof as described above when the cylindrical vessel 7 is welded along the inner surface groove formed in the circumferential direction thereof. More specifically, the cylindrical vessel 7 is not rotated around the center aixs thereof, but the horizontal column 11 is horizontaIly moved instead. In this case,~the horizontal moving speed of the horizontal column lI is controlled by the weldLng speed controller 35 of the welding controller 9 in~response to the feeding rate of the welding wLre 15 from the welding wire feeder 5 so that the weldlng speed is maintained at an appropriate value.
:
When welding of the cylindrical vessel 7 along the inner surface grooves formed in the circumferential and axial directions thereof is completed, the horizontal ~Z993~7 column 11 is horizontally withdrawn together with the expansion arm 12 from the cylindrical vessel 7 through the opening 7A after rotating the expansion arm 12 to the horizontal position. The cylindrical vessel 7 is then automatically welded along the outer surface grooves formed in the circumferential and axial directions thereof in a manner similar to that for the above-mentioned welding of the cylindrical vessel 7 along the inner surface grooves formed in the circumferential and axial directions thereof.
According to the welding apparatus of the present invention, as described above in detail, it is possible to automatically weld a tack-welded cylindrical vessel at a high efficiency along an outer surface groove and an inner surface groove formed thereon, thus providing in~ustr~ally useful eEe_L~.
:: ' :
~ ~ .
Claims
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An apparatus for automatically welding a cylin-drical vessel, comprising:
a rotating means (8) for rotating a cylindrical vessel to be welded, placed horizontally thereon, around the center axis of said cylindrical vessel;
a travelling carriage (1);
a manipulator (2) mounted on said carriage (1), said manipulator comprising a post (10) vertically secured onto said carriage (1), a column (11) horizon tally fitted to said vertical post (10), said horizon-tal column being horizontally movable relative to said vertical post (10) and vertically movable along said vertical post (10), and an expansion arm (12) fitted rotatably within a vertical plane to the lead-ing end of said horizontal column (11);
an L-shaped fitting member (3) fitted rotatably around the center axis of said expansion arm (12) to the tip of said arm (12);
a welding head (4) fitted to said L-shaped fitting member (3), said welding head comprising a welding nozzle (16), the center axis of which runs along the extension of the center axis of said expansion arm (12), for guiding a welding wire (15) toward a groove formed on said cylindrical vessel to be welded, a groove profiling means (17) which comprises a horizontal profiling mechanism (18) for moving said welding nozzle (16) in the width direction of said groove and a vertical profiling mechanism (19) for moving said welding nozzle (16) in the depth direction of said groove, and a groove shooting means (20) which com-prises a TV camera (21) for shooting a portion of said groove in the downstream of the travelling direc-tion of said welding nozzle (16) and a light source (22) for illuminating said portion of said groove to be shot by said TV camera (21), whereby said welding head (4) is rotatable around the center axis of said welding nozzle (16): along with rotation of said L-shaped fitting member (3);
a welding wire feeder (5), mounted on said carriage (1), for continuously feeding said welding wire (15) through said welding nozzle (16) toward said groove;
a welding electric power source (6), mounted on said carriage (1), for supplying a welding current to said welding wire (15) to produce an arc between the tip of said welding wire (15) and said groove; and a welding controller (9) mounted on said carriage (l), said welding controller comprising an image processor (32) for converting an image signal from said groove shooting means (20) into a groove shape signal, a welding current controller (33) for control-ling said welding electric power source (6) in response to said groove shape signal from said image processor (32) so as to maintain said welding current at an appropriate value, a welding wire feed controller (34) for controlling said welding wire feeder (5) in response to said welding current from said welding electric power source (6) so as to maintain the feeding rate of said welding wire (15) at an appropriate value, a welding speed controller (35) for controlling any one of the rotating speed of said rotating means (8) and the horizontal moving speed of said horizontal column (11) in response to the feeding rate of said welding wire (15) so as to maintain the welding speed at an appropriate value, and a groove profiling controller:
(36) for controlling said groove profiling means (17) on the basis of said welding current from said welding electric power source (6) so as to cause the center axis of said welding nozzle (16) to run along the center line of said groove and to maintain the distance between the tip of said welding wire (15) and said groove at an appropriate value.
a rotating means (8) for rotating a cylindrical vessel to be welded, placed horizontally thereon, around the center axis of said cylindrical vessel;
a travelling carriage (1);
a manipulator (2) mounted on said carriage (1), said manipulator comprising a post (10) vertically secured onto said carriage (1), a column (11) horizon tally fitted to said vertical post (10), said horizon-tal column being horizontally movable relative to said vertical post (10) and vertically movable along said vertical post (10), and an expansion arm (12) fitted rotatably within a vertical plane to the lead-ing end of said horizontal column (11);
an L-shaped fitting member (3) fitted rotatably around the center axis of said expansion arm (12) to the tip of said arm (12);
a welding head (4) fitted to said L-shaped fitting member (3), said welding head comprising a welding nozzle (16), the center axis of which runs along the extension of the center axis of said expansion arm (12), for guiding a welding wire (15) toward a groove formed on said cylindrical vessel to be welded, a groove profiling means (17) which comprises a horizontal profiling mechanism (18) for moving said welding nozzle (16) in the width direction of said groove and a vertical profiling mechanism (19) for moving said welding nozzle (16) in the depth direction of said groove, and a groove shooting means (20) which com-prises a TV camera (21) for shooting a portion of said groove in the downstream of the travelling direc-tion of said welding nozzle (16) and a light source (22) for illuminating said portion of said groove to be shot by said TV camera (21), whereby said welding head (4) is rotatable around the center axis of said welding nozzle (16): along with rotation of said L-shaped fitting member (3);
a welding wire feeder (5), mounted on said carriage (1), for continuously feeding said welding wire (15) through said welding nozzle (16) toward said groove;
a welding electric power source (6), mounted on said carriage (1), for supplying a welding current to said welding wire (15) to produce an arc between the tip of said welding wire (15) and said groove; and a welding controller (9) mounted on said carriage (l), said welding controller comprising an image processor (32) for converting an image signal from said groove shooting means (20) into a groove shape signal, a welding current controller (33) for control-ling said welding electric power source (6) in response to said groove shape signal from said image processor (32) so as to maintain said welding current at an appropriate value, a welding wire feed controller (34) for controlling said welding wire feeder (5) in response to said welding current from said welding electric power source (6) so as to maintain the feeding rate of said welding wire (15) at an appropriate value, a welding speed controller (35) for controlling any one of the rotating speed of said rotating means (8) and the horizontal moving speed of said horizontal column (11) in response to the feeding rate of said welding wire (15) so as to maintain the welding speed at an appropriate value, and a groove profiling controller:
(36) for controlling said groove profiling means (17) on the basis of said welding current from said welding electric power source (6) so as to cause the center axis of said welding nozzle (16) to run along the center line of said groove and to maintain the distance between the tip of said welding wire (15) and said groove at an appropriate value.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 579649 CA1299397C (en) | 1988-10-07 | 1988-10-07 | Apparatus for automatically welding cylindrical vessel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 579649 CA1299397C (en) | 1988-10-07 | 1988-10-07 | Apparatus for automatically welding cylindrical vessel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1299397C true CA1299397C (en) | 1992-04-28 |
Family
ID=4138872
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 579649 Expired - Lifetime CA1299397C (en) | 1988-10-07 | 1988-10-07 | Apparatus for automatically welding cylindrical vessel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1299397C (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110202285A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2019-09-06 | 广东国华人防科技有限公司 | A kind of rapid automatized welder of rectangular backing plate of people's air defense gas-particulate filter |
-
1988
- 1988-10-07 CA CA 579649 patent/CA1299397C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110202285A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2019-09-06 | 广东国华人防科技有限公司 | A kind of rapid automatized welder of rectangular backing plate of people's air defense gas-particulate filter |
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