CA1282033C - Closures - Google Patents
ClosuresInfo
- Publication number
- CA1282033C CA1282033C CA000461745A CA461745A CA1282033C CA 1282033 C CA1282033 C CA 1282033C CA 000461745 A CA000461745 A CA 000461745A CA 461745 A CA461745 A CA 461745A CA 1282033 C CA1282033 C CA 1282033C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fin
- closure
- flared
- container
- neck
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
- B65D41/02—Caps or cap-like covers without lines of weakness, tearing strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices
- B65D41/04—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation
- B65D41/0407—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation with integral sealing means
- B65D41/0428—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation with integral sealing means formed by a collar, flange, rib or the like contacting the top rim or the top edges or the external surface of a container neck
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A closure for a container comprises a top 11 with a depending skirt 12 having an internal screw thread. Where the skirt joins the top, the internal surface 15 of the skirt is conically flared in a direction away from the top, and a flexible resilient fin 18 extends from the underside of the top substantially parallel to the flared surface 15. The free end portion of the fin is thickened as by the provision of a broad rib 30 on the radially inner surface of the fin. When the closure is secured on to a container, the fin 18 becomes deformed outward and is sufficiently long to extend round the outer corner portion of the top of the container and is pressed into tight sealing engagement with said outer corner portion by the flared surface. The thickness of the free end portion of the fin causes it to resist expansion and to hug more closely to the corner portion of the top of the container. The radially inner surface of the fin may have annular grooves therein, for example of triangular shape, to provide a ribbed surface to improve the seal.
A closure for a container comprises a top 11 with a depending skirt 12 having an internal screw thread. Where the skirt joins the top, the internal surface 15 of the skirt is conically flared in a direction away from the top, and a flexible resilient fin 18 extends from the underside of the top substantially parallel to the flared surface 15. The free end portion of the fin is thickened as by the provision of a broad rib 30 on the radially inner surface of the fin. When the closure is secured on to a container, the fin 18 becomes deformed outward and is sufficiently long to extend round the outer corner portion of the top of the container and is pressed into tight sealing engagement with said outer corner portion by the flared surface. The thickness of the free end portion of the fin causes it to resist expansion and to hug more closely to the corner portion of the top of the container. The radially inner surface of the fin may have annular grooves therein, for example of triangular shape, to provide a ribbed surface to improve the seal.
Description
IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO CONTAINER CLOSURES
A container closure moulded in one piece from a plastics material and co~prising a top, a dependent skirt the radially inner surface of which is formed with a screw-thread, a surface which is flared in a direction away from the top being formed on the internal surface of the skirt where it joins the top, and an annular resiliently flexible fin extending from the underside of the top at a position spaced radially inwardly of said flared surface, said fin having an increasing diameter in a direction away from the top and having a length such as, when the fin is deformed outwardly by the tup of the neck of a container to which the closure is to be applied, to lie in sealing contact with the said top of the neck, to permit a~ least its portion adjoining lts free edge to lie against said flared surface and to extend in sealing contact round a radiussed outer edge of the neck to a position on or closely adjacent a cylindrical portion of the neck contiguous to said radiussed outer edge.
In preferred arrangements said flared surface is conical. The flared surface may for example be inclined at 30 to the central axis of the closure.
The fin may conveniently also be conical and may extend parallel to said flared surface.
According to a preferred feature of the invention the free end portion of the fin is thicker than the main body of the fin. The free end portion may be thus thickened by reason of the provision of 3 peripheral rib formed locally on either the radially inner surface or the radially outer surface of said free end portion.
The thickening of the free end portion serves to reduce the tensile stress in the fin when the closure is applied and in consequence to reduce the degree of extension of the free end portion of the fin so that a greater part of the lenyth of the fin iends to hug the outer corner ~3C~33 portion of the neck more closely and thus improves the seal. Where for this purpose a peripheral rib is formed on the radially inner surface of the fin, the rib may itself form with the neck of the container an additional line seal about the neck. Similarly where the rib is on the radially outer surface of the fin, the flared surface may engage the rib and press the free end portion of the fin towards the neck of the container.
The radially inner surface of the fin may have a plurality of annular grooves formed therein, each pair of adjacent grooves defining between them an annular rib of triangular cross-section. The grooves may be triangular and of buttress section, and the buttress face of the groove may face towards or away from the top to form a rib or ribs suitable for use with containers for materials under vacuum or under pressure, or may be of other triangular shape such as isosceles or equilateral triangular shape to form a rib or ribs of other required cross-sectional shape.
Some embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows in axial section a first form of closure according to the invention, Figures 2 and 3 illustrate how the closure of Figure 1 fits on containers on the upper and lower limits respectively of diametral tolerance, Figures 4 and 5 respectively illustrate two modifications of the closure of Figure 1, Figures ~ and 7 are fragmentary sectional elevations illustrating another form of closure according to the invention in place on a container, and :::
!32~3 Fi~ures 8 and ~ are corre~sponding views of ~ third form of closure according to the invention.
Referring first to Figure 1, the closure 10 is moulded in one piece from a resilient plastics material and has a top 11 and a dependent skirt 12 formed with an internal screw-thread 13 and external knurling 14.
The thickness of the top increases gradually towards the centre. The corner region 15 at the upper end of the skirt is thickened and has a conically flared internal surface 16 extending at an angle of 30 to the central axis 17 of the closure. Spaced radially inwardly of the surface 16 is a flexible resilient annular fin 18 extending from the underside of the top and substantially parallel to the surface 16.
15 ~When the closure is applied to the neck 20 of a container the top 21 of the neck of the container deforms the fin 18 upward as illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, and the fin lies across and against at least the radially outer portions of the top 21 of the container neck and has a sufficient length in contact with the surface 16 to be pressed thereby against the outer corner portion 22 of the neck to form a top and corner seal. The axial length of the surface 15 and the length of the fin are also~such that this sealing engagement takes place when the diameter of the container neck is on the upper limit of its tolerance as shown in Figure 2 or on the lower limit of its tolerance as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 4 shows a modification in which buttress-section triangular grooves 23 (three such grooves inthe present instance~ are formed on the radially inner surface of the fin to provide improved sealing engage-: ment between the fin and the container. The buttress .
:....
,, , : ' .-32~33 faces 24 of the grooves face away from the top and this arrangement is particularly suitable in some cases where the container has a partial vacuum internally thereof.
Figure 5 shows an alternative modification for use in some cases where the container holds a carbon-ated beverage, again to provide improved sealing ensagement between the fin and the container, the radially inner surface of the fin having formed therein buttress-section triangular grooves 26 whereof the buttress face 27 is directed towards the top.
For use with other forms of container, grooves of other sections, e.g~ circular or rectangular section, may be formed in the radially inner surface of the fin.
Referring now to Figures 6 and 7 of the drawings, another embodiment of the invention is shown in which the fin 18 has a main body of uniform thickness but has its free end portion of the fin thickened by reason of the formation of a broad flat-topped rib 30 on the radially inner surface of the end portion.
Figures 6 and 7 show the closure applied to a screw-threaded container neck 20, the diameters of which are at the lower and upper limits of the tolerance, and Figure 7 also shows the sealing fin in its unstressed condition extending parallel to the flared surface 16. The rib 30 serves to strengthen the free end portion of the fin so that the diametral strain in that portion, due to the outward flexing of the fin by the top and outer corner parts of the neck, is less than if the rib were absent, and in consequence the end portion of the fin tends to lie closer to the .. ~ .
.
g.Z~33 neck even when, as in Figure 6, it is not constrained by the surface 16 to do so.
The construction shown in Figures 8 and 9 is similar to that in Figures 6 and 7, but in Figures 8 and 9 the thickening of the free end portion of the fin is achieved by forming a rib 31 having a curved profile on the radially outer surface of the fin 18.
Figures 8 and 9 show the closure applied to container necks on the lower and higher limits respectively of the diametral tolerance. As in the construction of Figures 6 and 7 the thickening of the free end portion of the fin strengthens it locally and causes it to be stretched to a lesser extent, but the surface 16 engages the rib 31 and presses the free end portion of the fin radially inward so as further to improve the seal.
: . The fin may have a thickness of the order of 0.63mm ~.025").
The closures shown in Figures 6 to 9 may 20: a~dditïonally have grooves on the radially inner faces of the fins as described in relation to Figures 4 and S.
The closures may thus be designed for use with e~ither glass or plastic containers which are intended to sontain still or carbonated liquids or materials under partial vacuum.
,
A container closure moulded in one piece from a plastics material and co~prising a top, a dependent skirt the radially inner surface of which is formed with a screw-thread, a surface which is flared in a direction away from the top being formed on the internal surface of the skirt where it joins the top, and an annular resiliently flexible fin extending from the underside of the top at a position spaced radially inwardly of said flared surface, said fin having an increasing diameter in a direction away from the top and having a length such as, when the fin is deformed outwardly by the tup of the neck of a container to which the closure is to be applied, to lie in sealing contact with the said top of the neck, to permit a~ least its portion adjoining lts free edge to lie against said flared surface and to extend in sealing contact round a radiussed outer edge of the neck to a position on or closely adjacent a cylindrical portion of the neck contiguous to said radiussed outer edge.
In preferred arrangements said flared surface is conical. The flared surface may for example be inclined at 30 to the central axis of the closure.
The fin may conveniently also be conical and may extend parallel to said flared surface.
According to a preferred feature of the invention the free end portion of the fin is thicker than the main body of the fin. The free end portion may be thus thickened by reason of the provision of 3 peripheral rib formed locally on either the radially inner surface or the radially outer surface of said free end portion.
The thickening of the free end portion serves to reduce the tensile stress in the fin when the closure is applied and in consequence to reduce the degree of extension of the free end portion of the fin so that a greater part of the lenyth of the fin iends to hug the outer corner ~3C~33 portion of the neck more closely and thus improves the seal. Where for this purpose a peripheral rib is formed on the radially inner surface of the fin, the rib may itself form with the neck of the container an additional line seal about the neck. Similarly where the rib is on the radially outer surface of the fin, the flared surface may engage the rib and press the free end portion of the fin towards the neck of the container.
The radially inner surface of the fin may have a plurality of annular grooves formed therein, each pair of adjacent grooves defining between them an annular rib of triangular cross-section. The grooves may be triangular and of buttress section, and the buttress face of the groove may face towards or away from the top to form a rib or ribs suitable for use with containers for materials under vacuum or under pressure, or may be of other triangular shape such as isosceles or equilateral triangular shape to form a rib or ribs of other required cross-sectional shape.
Some embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows in axial section a first form of closure according to the invention, Figures 2 and 3 illustrate how the closure of Figure 1 fits on containers on the upper and lower limits respectively of diametral tolerance, Figures 4 and 5 respectively illustrate two modifications of the closure of Figure 1, Figures ~ and 7 are fragmentary sectional elevations illustrating another form of closure according to the invention in place on a container, and :::
!32~3 Fi~ures 8 and ~ are corre~sponding views of ~ third form of closure according to the invention.
Referring first to Figure 1, the closure 10 is moulded in one piece from a resilient plastics material and has a top 11 and a dependent skirt 12 formed with an internal screw-thread 13 and external knurling 14.
The thickness of the top increases gradually towards the centre. The corner region 15 at the upper end of the skirt is thickened and has a conically flared internal surface 16 extending at an angle of 30 to the central axis 17 of the closure. Spaced radially inwardly of the surface 16 is a flexible resilient annular fin 18 extending from the underside of the top and substantially parallel to the surface 16.
15 ~When the closure is applied to the neck 20 of a container the top 21 of the neck of the container deforms the fin 18 upward as illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, and the fin lies across and against at least the radially outer portions of the top 21 of the container neck and has a sufficient length in contact with the surface 16 to be pressed thereby against the outer corner portion 22 of the neck to form a top and corner seal. The axial length of the surface 15 and the length of the fin are also~such that this sealing engagement takes place when the diameter of the container neck is on the upper limit of its tolerance as shown in Figure 2 or on the lower limit of its tolerance as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 4 shows a modification in which buttress-section triangular grooves 23 (three such grooves inthe present instance~ are formed on the radially inner surface of the fin to provide improved sealing engage-: ment between the fin and the container. The buttress .
:....
,, , : ' .-32~33 faces 24 of the grooves face away from the top and this arrangement is particularly suitable in some cases where the container has a partial vacuum internally thereof.
Figure 5 shows an alternative modification for use in some cases where the container holds a carbon-ated beverage, again to provide improved sealing ensagement between the fin and the container, the radially inner surface of the fin having formed therein buttress-section triangular grooves 26 whereof the buttress face 27 is directed towards the top.
For use with other forms of container, grooves of other sections, e.g~ circular or rectangular section, may be formed in the radially inner surface of the fin.
Referring now to Figures 6 and 7 of the drawings, another embodiment of the invention is shown in which the fin 18 has a main body of uniform thickness but has its free end portion of the fin thickened by reason of the formation of a broad flat-topped rib 30 on the radially inner surface of the end portion.
Figures 6 and 7 show the closure applied to a screw-threaded container neck 20, the diameters of which are at the lower and upper limits of the tolerance, and Figure 7 also shows the sealing fin in its unstressed condition extending parallel to the flared surface 16. The rib 30 serves to strengthen the free end portion of the fin so that the diametral strain in that portion, due to the outward flexing of the fin by the top and outer corner parts of the neck, is less than if the rib were absent, and in consequence the end portion of the fin tends to lie closer to the .. ~ .
.
g.Z~33 neck even when, as in Figure 6, it is not constrained by the surface 16 to do so.
The construction shown in Figures 8 and 9 is similar to that in Figures 6 and 7, but in Figures 8 and 9 the thickening of the free end portion of the fin is achieved by forming a rib 31 having a curved profile on the radially outer surface of the fin 18.
Figures 8 and 9 show the closure applied to container necks on the lower and higher limits respectively of the diametral tolerance. As in the construction of Figures 6 and 7 the thickening of the free end portion of the fin strengthens it locally and causes it to be stretched to a lesser extent, but the surface 16 engages the rib 31 and presses the free end portion of the fin radially inward so as further to improve the seal.
: . The fin may have a thickness of the order of 0.63mm ~.025").
The closures shown in Figures 6 to 9 may 20: a~dditïonally have grooves on the radially inner faces of the fins as described in relation to Figures 4 and S.
The closures may thus be designed for use with e~ither glass or plastic containers which are intended to sontain still or carbonated liquids or materials under partial vacuum.
,
Claims (9)
1. A container closure moulded in one piece from a plastics material and comprising a top, a dependent skirt the radially inner surface of which is formed with a screw-thread, a surface which is flared in a direction away from the top being formed on the internal surface of the skirt where it joins the top, and an annular resiliently flexible fin extending from the underside of the top at a position spaced radially inwardly of said flared surface, said fin having an increasing diameter in a direction away from the top and having a length such as, when the fin is deformed outwardly by the top of the neck of a container to which the closure is to be applied, to lie in sealing contact with the said top of the neck, to permit at least its portion adjoining its free edge to lie against said flared surface and to extend in sealing contact round a radiussed outer edge of the neck to a position on or closely adjacent a cylindrical portion of the neck contiguous to said radiussed outer edge.
2. A closure as claimed in claim 1, wherein said flared surface is conical.
3. A closure as claimed in claim 2 where said flared surface extends at an angle of 30 to the central axis of the closure.
4. A closure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fin is of conical form.
5. A closure as claimed in claim 2, wherein the fin is of conical form and extends parallel to the flared surface.
6. A closure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fin terminates in a free end portion which is thicker than the main body of the fin.
7. A closure as claimed in claim 6, wherein the free end portion is thickened by reason of the provision of a peripheral rib formed locally on the radially outer surface of said free end portion.
8. A closure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the main body of the fin is of substantially uniform thickness.
9. A closure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the radially inner surface has a plurality of annular grooves therein, each pair of adjacent grooves defining between them an annular rib of triangular cross-section.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8323037 | 1983-08-26 | ||
| GB838323037A GB8323037D0 (en) | 1983-08-26 | 1983-08-26 | Container closures |
| GB8327991 | 1983-10-19 | ||
| GB838327991A GB8327991D0 (en) | 1983-10-19 | 1983-10-19 | Container closures |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1282033C true CA1282033C (en) | 1991-03-26 |
Family
ID=26286800
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000461745A Expired - Lifetime CA1282033C (en) | 1983-08-26 | 1984-08-24 | Closures |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP0293901A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU570997B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1282033C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3476368D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES281256U (en) |
| FI (1) | FI80653C (en) |
| HK (1) | HK74289A (en) |
| IE (1) | IE55655B1 (en) |
| SG (1) | SG22589G (en) |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NZ213944A (en) * | 1984-11-05 | 1988-02-12 | Sunbeam Plastics Corp | Screw-threaded closure-container assembly |
| US4708255A (en) * | 1985-12-12 | 1987-11-24 | Tri-Tech Systems International Inc. | Closure cap with a linerless seal and a method for forming such closure and seal |
| KR960013293B1 (en) * | 1988-06-17 | 1996-10-02 | 로드니 말콤 드루이트 | Linerless closure for carbonated beverage container |
| US5638972A (en) | 1988-06-17 | 1997-06-17 | Druitt; Rodney Malcolm | Linerless closure for carbonated beverage container |
| EP0481981B2 (en) † | 1988-06-17 | 1999-11-17 | Closures and Packaging Services Limited | Linerless closure for carbonated beverage container |
| DE4128474A1 (en) * | 1991-08-28 | 1993-03-04 | Berg Jacob Gmbh Co Kg | PLASTIC SCREW CAP FOR PRESSURIZED BOTTLES |
| DE69302966T2 (en) * | 1992-07-21 | 1996-10-10 | Metal Box Plc | One-piece plastic closure |
| UA28002C2 (en) * | 1993-08-19 | 2000-10-16 | Пресіжн Велв Аустреліа Пті. Лімітед | Cover for neck of vessel |
| IL110654A (en) * | 1993-08-19 | 1997-11-20 | Precision Valve Australia | Linerless closure for container |
| FR2710325B1 (en) * | 1993-09-22 | 1995-12-08 | Jacques Perchepied | Screw cap. |
| US6126027A (en) * | 1995-02-21 | 2000-10-03 | Mcg Closures Limited | Self-centering container closure |
| PL322006A1 (en) * | 1995-02-21 | 1998-01-05 | Metal Closures Group Ltd | Self-centering container closure |
| GB2313115B (en) * | 1995-02-21 | 1998-08-19 | Metal Closures Group Ltd | Self-centering container closure |
| IT1278697B1 (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-11-27 | Bruno Taddei | SCREW PLUG IN MOLDED SYNTHETIC RESIN WITH SEAL LIP FOR AXIAL SEAL |
| AUPO788597A0 (en) | 1997-07-14 | 1997-08-07 | Closures And Packaging Services Limited | Closure |
| GB9906194D0 (en) * | 1999-03-18 | 1999-05-12 | Closures & Packaging Serv Ltd | Closure with seal member |
| FR2828173B1 (en) * | 2001-08-01 | 2003-10-31 | Rical Sa | PLUG COMPRISING AN INTERNAL SEALING SKIRT COOPERATING WITH THE OUTSIDE OF A CONTAINER NECK |
| ES3000168T3 (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2025-02-27 | Weener Plastics Group B V | Closure for a container |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH356997A (en) * | 1956-11-27 | 1961-09-15 | Cerbo Ab | Closure device on a container |
| US3259266A (en) * | 1964-01-06 | 1966-07-05 | Dykem Company | Closures for fluid containers |
| FR1525583A (en) * | 1966-06-10 | 1968-05-17 | Thomassen & Drijver | Plastic bottle with stopper |
| US3802590A (en) * | 1972-05-22 | 1974-04-09 | Bernardin Inc | Linerless container closure |
| FR2327930A1 (en) * | 1975-10-13 | 1977-05-13 | Alca Sa | Plastics sealing cap for screw top bottle - has flexible lip to form seal on outer rim of bottle neck and inner lips to seal bottle opening |
| FR2339540A1 (en) * | 1976-01-28 | 1977-08-26 | Bouchons Plastiques | IMPROVEMENTS TO SCREW CAPS |
| US4072244A (en) * | 1977-02-04 | 1978-02-07 | Owens-Illinois, Inc. | Linerless closure |
| GB1602746A (en) * | 1978-05-30 | 1981-11-18 | Montgomery Daniel & Son Ltd | Closure device for containers |
| NL8204885A (en) * | 1981-12-24 | 1983-07-18 | Anchor Hocking Corp | LINELESS VACUUM CLOSURE OF PLASTIC. |
| GB2120219B (en) * | 1982-05-17 | 1985-10-02 | Metal Closures Group Plc | Closures for containers |
-
1984
- 1984-08-16 IE IE2127/84A patent/IE55655B1/en unknown
- 1984-08-21 FI FI843298A patent/FI80653C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-08-22 AU AU32275/84A patent/AU570997B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1984-08-24 DE DE8484305822T patent/DE3476368D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-08-24 EP EP88108884A patent/EP0293901A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1984-08-24 CA CA000461745A patent/CA1282033C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-08-24 ES ES1984281256U patent/ES281256U/en active Pending
- 1984-08-24 EP EP84305822A patent/EP0136088B1/en not_active Expired
-
1989
- 1989-04-11 SG SG225/89A patent/SG22589G/en unknown
- 1989-09-14 HK HK742/89A patent/HK74289A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IE842127L (en) | 1985-02-26 |
| FI843298A0 (en) | 1984-08-21 |
| FI80653C (en) | 1990-07-10 |
| IE55655B1 (en) | 1990-12-05 |
| EP0136088A2 (en) | 1985-04-03 |
| EP0136088A3 (en) | 1986-08-06 |
| AU3227584A (en) | 1985-02-28 |
| FI80653B (en) | 1990-03-30 |
| SG22589G (en) | 1989-07-14 |
| EP0136088B1 (en) | 1989-01-25 |
| FI843298A7 (en) | 1985-02-27 |
| DE3476368D1 (en) | 1989-03-02 |
| AU570997B2 (en) | 1988-03-31 |
| HK74289A (en) | 1989-09-22 |
| EP0293901A1 (en) | 1988-12-07 |
| ES281256U (en) | 1985-12-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |