CA1276544C - Hydraulic tubing punch - Google Patents
Hydraulic tubing punchInfo
- Publication number
- CA1276544C CA1276544C CA000510295A CA510295A CA1276544C CA 1276544 C CA1276544 C CA 1276544C CA 000510295 A CA000510295 A CA 000510295A CA 510295 A CA510295 A CA 510295A CA 1276544 C CA1276544 C CA 1276544C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tool
- tool body
- piston
- piston means
- chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000937413 Axia Species 0.000 description 1
- 101150115433 SLC26A5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
This invention provides a tool for perforating the wall of a tube located within a well bore in accordance with the present invention including a tool body adapted to be positioned within the tubing to be perforated. The body includes a first chamber adapted to retain an explosive charge. A first piston is slidably disposed in the tool body with one face of the piston communicating with the above-noted chamber such that the first piston moves in response to pressures developed by detonation of the explosive charge. The tool body includes a second chamber for hydraulic fluid and the other face of the first piston communicates with this second chamber such that movement of the first piston displaces hydraulic fluid from the second chamber. A second piston is slidably disposed in the tool body and is arranged to move in response to the displacement of hydraulic fluid from the second chamber in a direction outwardly of the tool body and toward the wall of the tubing within which, in use, the tool body is located. A punching device is carried by the second piston for perforating the wall of the tubing as the second piston moves outwardly following detonation of the explosive charge.
This invention provides a tool for perforating the wall of a tube located within a well bore in accordance with the present invention including a tool body adapted to be positioned within the tubing to be perforated. The body includes a first chamber adapted to retain an explosive charge. A first piston is slidably disposed in the tool body with one face of the piston communicating with the above-noted chamber such that the first piston moves in response to pressures developed by detonation of the explosive charge. The tool body includes a second chamber for hydraulic fluid and the other face of the first piston communicates with this second chamber such that movement of the first piston displaces hydraulic fluid from the second chamber. A second piston is slidably disposed in the tool body and is arranged to move in response to the displacement of hydraulic fluid from the second chamber in a direction outwardly of the tool body and toward the wall of the tubing within which, in use, the tool body is located. A punching device is carried by the second piston for perforating the wall of the tubing as the second piston moves outwardly following detonation of the explosive charge.
Description
~Z~654a~
Background of the Invention This invention relates to a tool for perforating the wall of a tube located within a well bore.
Various types of devices for perforating tubes when disposed within the casing of a gas well or oil well are, generally speaking, well-known in the art. Such perforations may, for example, be made in the course of well work-overs on repairs to enable communication between the tubing and the well casing. The most common form of prior art perforating device employs a longitudinally movable mechanical wedge. As the wedge moves along the tool body, it acts to displace the punching element laterally outwardly of the tool and into or through the tubing or casing which, in use, surrounds the tool.
Various means are employed to move the wedge e.g.
mechanical devices and/or gas driven devices. Other tool designs employ spring-loaded over-center cam arrangements for activating the perforating or punching element.
The above-noted prior art arrangement is subject to a number of disadvantages. Many of them have a relatively large number o-f moving parts thus increasing the probability of equipment failure. The mechanical devices are relatively difficult to service in the field and there may be a substantial risk of incorrect assembly. The complex mechanical assemblies may be subject to contamination and malfunction owing to the mud, shale or sand found in most down-hole situations. In addition, the relatively large space re~uired inside the tool for the various mechanical parts means that the tool wall must be made relatively thin thus increasing the chances for tool failure.
-" ~LX7~544 ~ 2 --Summary of the Invention It is an object of the present invention to provide an explosively activated hydraulic tubing punch, the structure of which i5 designed to eliminate the expensive and high-maintenance mechanical wedges. A still further object is to provide a hydraulic tubing punch having passages for hydraulic oil which are relatively small in comparison with the si~e of the passages and openings required in the mechanical punches thus permitting the construction of a stronger tool body. A
further object is to provide a punch of the nature indicated above having fewer moving internal parts as compared with prior art and mechanical punches thus resulting in lower tool maintenance costs. A still further object is to provide a hydraulic punch which can operate efficiently in the mud, shale or sand conditions found in most down-hole en~ironments. A further general object i5 to provide a hydraulic punch which is relatively easy to service in the field with a relatively small chance of incorrect assembly and which tool is less prone to down-hole malfunctions than has been the case previously with the prior art mechanical punch arrangements.
Accordingly, a tool for perforating the wall of a tube located within a wall bore in accordance with the present invention includes a tool body adapted to be positioned within the tubing to be perforated. The body includes a first chamber adapted to retain an explosive charge~ A first piston is slidably disposed in the tool body with one face of the piston communicating with the above-noted chamber such that the first piston moves in response to pres~ures developed by detonation of the explosive charge. The tool body includes a second chamber for hydraulic fluid and the other face of the first piston communicates with this second chamber such that movement of the first piston displaces hydraulic fluid from the second chamber. A second piston is slidably disposed in the tool body and is arranged to move in response to the displacement of hydraulic fluid from the second chamber in a direction outwardly of the tool body and toward the wall of the tubing within which, in use, the tool body is located. A punching device is carried by the second piston for perforating the wall of the tubing as the second piston moves outwardly following detonation of the explosive charge.
The punch is made such that it is free to separate from the second piston. The punch has a free outer end which perforates the tubing wall and an inner end which engages the second piston. The punch is shaped such that it becomes smaller in size toward its inner end so that, after penetrating ~he tubing wall, the punch can release itself from the tubing and hence fall clear of the opening which it has produced. Preferably, the punch tapers downwardly in size from its outer end to its inner end.
As a further aspect of the invention the tool includes means for detonating the charge. These means include a firing pin and a tool section which is connected to an upper part of the tool body which is capable of movement relative to it to produce, in turn, movement of the firing pin to a charge detonating postion. Suitable means are provided for preventing the relative movement of the tool section in the absence of a substantial detonation initiating impact on the tool section. This of course prevents accidental detonation and activation of the perforating device. The last-mentioned means preferably comprises a shear pin normally blocking the relative movement until such time as it i9 sheared by detonation initating impact on the tool section. Such impact may be generated by applying a downwardly directed jarring force on the above-noted tool s~ection.
~ ~.2'7~S44 In a preferred form of the invention the tool body is of elongated configuration and the first piston is slidably disposed in a first cylinder which extends longitudinally of the tool body. A second piston is slidably disposed in a second cylinder which extends transversely of the tool body. The firing pin is movably disposed in the body above the charge while the shear pin e~tends transversely of the tool body through both the upper end of the tool body and the tool section thus blocking relative movement until such time it has been sheared by the impact forces referred to above.
Brief Description of the Views and Drawings -Figs. lA and lB together comprise a longitudinal section view of a perforating tool in accordance with the present invention, a short section of tubing being illustrated adjacent the lower end of the tool;
Fig. 2 is a side elevation view of the punching piston and the punching element, and Fig. 3 is an end elevation view of the structure shown in Fig. 2.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment With reference now to the drawings there shown an elongated tool body 10 adapted to be lowered downwardly into an oil or gas well to a position within a well tubing 12 (a very short section only of which is shown adjacent to lower end of the tool~ with such tubing being disposed, in turn, within the well hole casing (not shown). Tubing and well casing structures are of course very well known in the art and need not be described here in any further detail.
The tool body 10 is relatively elongated in form and it is of cylindrical section. Indeed, in the preferred embodiment described hereinafter, the various components may be assumed to be of cylindrical - 35 configuration unless otherwise described.
~Z76S~4 The elongated tool body 10 actually comprises a multiplicity of section~ 14 through 22 as shown in the drawings, with section 14 being the uppermost section o-f the tool body and the remaining sections disposed in serially aligned relation therewith and these sections being tightly secured together by means of suitable male and female threaded portions.
Above the upper end of the tool body 10 there is shown a top sub 24, the upper end of which is externally threaded to provide for connection to suitable means by way of which the tool is lowered downwardly or lifted upwardly through the well bore. The top sub 24, in turn, receives an upper end of a striker member 26 which extends downwardly into the uppermost tool body section 14. The lower end of the stri~er member carries an axially disposed firing pin 28. The firing pin is secured within the lower end of striker member 26 by means of a set screw 30.
The striker member 26 is normally held in fixed relation to tool body section 14 by a transversely extending s~ear pin 32. The shear pin 32 is made of a metal which is relatively soft such that it can be sheared upon application of a substantial detonation initiating impact force to the top sub 24. Shear pin 32 prevents accidental detonation of the explosive charge to be referred to hereinafter.
The lower end of the firing pin is slidably disposed for axia~ movement in the lower portion of tool body section 16.
Tool body section 18 contains an axially disposed chamber 34 which receives a shell 36 containing an explosive char~e tnot shown), shell 36 having a firing cap (not shown) at its upper end adapted to be impacted by the lower tip of the firing pin 28.
~LX76544 The lower end of the axial chamber 34 communicates with the upper end of an axially disposed cylinder 38. A piston 40 is disposed within cylinder 38 for axial movement therein. Piston 40 includes annular grooves in its outer surface, which grooves contain axially spaced apart O-rings 42 which serve to ensure against by-passing of gasses around the piston 40.
The lower end of cylinder 38 communicates with a second chamber or reservoir 44 for hydraulic fluid, this chamber 44 being formed adjacent the upper end of the lowermost tool body section 22. Since, this chamber 44 is filled with hydraulic fluid, downward movement of piston 40 causes hydraulic fluid to be displaced outwardly thereof with such fluid moving through the narrow hydraulic passage 46 adjacent to the lower end of the tool body.
The lowermost tool body section 22 also contains a further smooth walled cylinder therein designated by reference numeral 50. A second piston 52 is slidably disposed within cylinder 50 for movement therein in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the tool body 10. In order to prevent leakage of hydraulic fluid around the second piston 52, it will be noted that the same is provided with an annular groove which receives a O-ring 53. A short passageway 54 provides hydraulic communication between the interior of cylinder 50 and the elongated passageway 46 for hydraulic fluid. It will be noted that the cross-sectional area of the second piston 52 is several times greater than the cross sectional area of the first noted piston 40. The mechanical advantage thus provided ensures that as this piston 40 is driven downwardly in response to detonation of the explosive charge, the piston 52 is positively driven outwardly and is capable of providing a relatively large perforating force.
~L~7~5~4 The second piston 52 carries with it a punching element 56. The punching element 56 has a free outer end 58 of a configuration such as ~o enable ready penetration of the tubing wall. The inner end 60 of the punching element seats against the outer face of the second piston 52. A relatively small pin extending axially within the ' punching element 56 projects outwardly from the inner end thereof and into a central bore extending inwardly from the outer face of the piston 52. Pin 62 breaks or otherwise releases readily from piston 52 as to allow the punchin~ element 56 to break free of piston 52 after the tubing has been perforated.
It will be noted that the punching element tapers inwardly from its outer end to its inner end. ~ence, after piston 52 has forced the punching element 56 throu~h the wall of the tubing 12 thereby foxming a hole in such tubing wall (illustrated in dashed lines), the punching element, by virtue of the tapered configuration, is released from the hole thus formed and it is allowed to fall free downwardly in the annular space (not shown) between the tubing 12 and the well casing.
The lower end of the tool body is also provided with a bleed opening 64. This opening 64 is normally closed by a threaded plug 66 which may be opened, when desired, to bleed air outwardly of the system by way of the lower end of passageway 46.
In operation of the tool, the tool is lowered downwardly into the well by means of a wire line cable or the like secured to the upper end of top sub 24 until contact is made with a tubing stop (not shown) at a pre-set depth.
After the pre-set depth has been reached, use is made of the conventional wire line jar and stem (not shown) above the perforating tool thereby to jar downwardly with sufficient force as to ~ffect shearing of the shear pin 32. This allows striker member 26 together 765~L
with firing pin 28 to move downwardly, thus resulting in detonation of the charge within the shell 36. When the shell is detonated, a build-up of high pressure gases above piston ~0 is created thus causing piston 40 to be forced downwardly. This action, in turn~ displaces a corresponding volume of hydrau:Lic oil outwardly of chamber 44, with the displaced oil moving downwardly through the passageway 46, through passage 54, and into the cylinder 50. This displaced oil forces the second piston 52 laterally outwardly with the result being that the punching element 56 is driven through the wall of the tubing 12. Punching element 56 is thus driven almost entirely through the wall of the tubing, until the outer face of the piston 52 reaches the inner wall of the tubing, at which point the pin 62 either fractures or releases from the piston 52 thus allowing the punching element 56 to fall outwardly and downwardly (as illustrated in dashed lines) into the space between the tubing and the wall casing. The perforation thus formed ; 20 is hence clear of any obstruction.
A preferred embodiment of the invention has been described by way of example. Those skilled in the art will realize that numerous modifications and variations may be made while still retaining the spirit of the invention. Therefore, those modifications and variations which fall within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims are to be considered part of the invention.
Background of the Invention This invention relates to a tool for perforating the wall of a tube located within a well bore.
Various types of devices for perforating tubes when disposed within the casing of a gas well or oil well are, generally speaking, well-known in the art. Such perforations may, for example, be made in the course of well work-overs on repairs to enable communication between the tubing and the well casing. The most common form of prior art perforating device employs a longitudinally movable mechanical wedge. As the wedge moves along the tool body, it acts to displace the punching element laterally outwardly of the tool and into or through the tubing or casing which, in use, surrounds the tool.
Various means are employed to move the wedge e.g.
mechanical devices and/or gas driven devices. Other tool designs employ spring-loaded over-center cam arrangements for activating the perforating or punching element.
The above-noted prior art arrangement is subject to a number of disadvantages. Many of them have a relatively large number o-f moving parts thus increasing the probability of equipment failure. The mechanical devices are relatively difficult to service in the field and there may be a substantial risk of incorrect assembly. The complex mechanical assemblies may be subject to contamination and malfunction owing to the mud, shale or sand found in most down-hole situations. In addition, the relatively large space re~uired inside the tool for the various mechanical parts means that the tool wall must be made relatively thin thus increasing the chances for tool failure.
-" ~LX7~544 ~ 2 --Summary of the Invention It is an object of the present invention to provide an explosively activated hydraulic tubing punch, the structure of which i5 designed to eliminate the expensive and high-maintenance mechanical wedges. A still further object is to provide a hydraulic tubing punch having passages for hydraulic oil which are relatively small in comparison with the si~e of the passages and openings required in the mechanical punches thus permitting the construction of a stronger tool body. A
further object is to provide a punch of the nature indicated above having fewer moving internal parts as compared with prior art and mechanical punches thus resulting in lower tool maintenance costs. A still further object is to provide a hydraulic punch which can operate efficiently in the mud, shale or sand conditions found in most down-hole en~ironments. A further general object i5 to provide a hydraulic punch which is relatively easy to service in the field with a relatively small chance of incorrect assembly and which tool is less prone to down-hole malfunctions than has been the case previously with the prior art mechanical punch arrangements.
Accordingly, a tool for perforating the wall of a tube located within a wall bore in accordance with the present invention includes a tool body adapted to be positioned within the tubing to be perforated. The body includes a first chamber adapted to retain an explosive charge~ A first piston is slidably disposed in the tool body with one face of the piston communicating with the above-noted chamber such that the first piston moves in response to pres~ures developed by detonation of the explosive charge. The tool body includes a second chamber for hydraulic fluid and the other face of the first piston communicates with this second chamber such that movement of the first piston displaces hydraulic fluid from the second chamber. A second piston is slidably disposed in the tool body and is arranged to move in response to the displacement of hydraulic fluid from the second chamber in a direction outwardly of the tool body and toward the wall of the tubing within which, in use, the tool body is located. A punching device is carried by the second piston for perforating the wall of the tubing as the second piston moves outwardly following detonation of the explosive charge.
The punch is made such that it is free to separate from the second piston. The punch has a free outer end which perforates the tubing wall and an inner end which engages the second piston. The punch is shaped such that it becomes smaller in size toward its inner end so that, after penetrating ~he tubing wall, the punch can release itself from the tubing and hence fall clear of the opening which it has produced. Preferably, the punch tapers downwardly in size from its outer end to its inner end.
As a further aspect of the invention the tool includes means for detonating the charge. These means include a firing pin and a tool section which is connected to an upper part of the tool body which is capable of movement relative to it to produce, in turn, movement of the firing pin to a charge detonating postion. Suitable means are provided for preventing the relative movement of the tool section in the absence of a substantial detonation initiating impact on the tool section. This of course prevents accidental detonation and activation of the perforating device. The last-mentioned means preferably comprises a shear pin normally blocking the relative movement until such time as it i9 sheared by detonation initating impact on the tool section. Such impact may be generated by applying a downwardly directed jarring force on the above-noted tool s~ection.
~ ~.2'7~S44 In a preferred form of the invention the tool body is of elongated configuration and the first piston is slidably disposed in a first cylinder which extends longitudinally of the tool body. A second piston is slidably disposed in a second cylinder which extends transversely of the tool body. The firing pin is movably disposed in the body above the charge while the shear pin e~tends transversely of the tool body through both the upper end of the tool body and the tool section thus blocking relative movement until such time it has been sheared by the impact forces referred to above.
Brief Description of the Views and Drawings -Figs. lA and lB together comprise a longitudinal section view of a perforating tool in accordance with the present invention, a short section of tubing being illustrated adjacent the lower end of the tool;
Fig. 2 is a side elevation view of the punching piston and the punching element, and Fig. 3 is an end elevation view of the structure shown in Fig. 2.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment With reference now to the drawings there shown an elongated tool body 10 adapted to be lowered downwardly into an oil or gas well to a position within a well tubing 12 (a very short section only of which is shown adjacent to lower end of the tool~ with such tubing being disposed, in turn, within the well hole casing (not shown). Tubing and well casing structures are of course very well known in the art and need not be described here in any further detail.
The tool body 10 is relatively elongated in form and it is of cylindrical section. Indeed, in the preferred embodiment described hereinafter, the various components may be assumed to be of cylindrical - 35 configuration unless otherwise described.
~Z76S~4 The elongated tool body 10 actually comprises a multiplicity of section~ 14 through 22 as shown in the drawings, with section 14 being the uppermost section o-f the tool body and the remaining sections disposed in serially aligned relation therewith and these sections being tightly secured together by means of suitable male and female threaded portions.
Above the upper end of the tool body 10 there is shown a top sub 24, the upper end of which is externally threaded to provide for connection to suitable means by way of which the tool is lowered downwardly or lifted upwardly through the well bore. The top sub 24, in turn, receives an upper end of a striker member 26 which extends downwardly into the uppermost tool body section 14. The lower end of the stri~er member carries an axially disposed firing pin 28. The firing pin is secured within the lower end of striker member 26 by means of a set screw 30.
The striker member 26 is normally held in fixed relation to tool body section 14 by a transversely extending s~ear pin 32. The shear pin 32 is made of a metal which is relatively soft such that it can be sheared upon application of a substantial detonation initiating impact force to the top sub 24. Shear pin 32 prevents accidental detonation of the explosive charge to be referred to hereinafter.
The lower end of the firing pin is slidably disposed for axia~ movement in the lower portion of tool body section 16.
Tool body section 18 contains an axially disposed chamber 34 which receives a shell 36 containing an explosive char~e tnot shown), shell 36 having a firing cap (not shown) at its upper end adapted to be impacted by the lower tip of the firing pin 28.
~LX76544 The lower end of the axial chamber 34 communicates with the upper end of an axially disposed cylinder 38. A piston 40 is disposed within cylinder 38 for axial movement therein. Piston 40 includes annular grooves in its outer surface, which grooves contain axially spaced apart O-rings 42 which serve to ensure against by-passing of gasses around the piston 40.
The lower end of cylinder 38 communicates with a second chamber or reservoir 44 for hydraulic fluid, this chamber 44 being formed adjacent the upper end of the lowermost tool body section 22. Since, this chamber 44 is filled with hydraulic fluid, downward movement of piston 40 causes hydraulic fluid to be displaced outwardly thereof with such fluid moving through the narrow hydraulic passage 46 adjacent to the lower end of the tool body.
The lowermost tool body section 22 also contains a further smooth walled cylinder therein designated by reference numeral 50. A second piston 52 is slidably disposed within cylinder 50 for movement therein in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the tool body 10. In order to prevent leakage of hydraulic fluid around the second piston 52, it will be noted that the same is provided with an annular groove which receives a O-ring 53. A short passageway 54 provides hydraulic communication between the interior of cylinder 50 and the elongated passageway 46 for hydraulic fluid. It will be noted that the cross-sectional area of the second piston 52 is several times greater than the cross sectional area of the first noted piston 40. The mechanical advantage thus provided ensures that as this piston 40 is driven downwardly in response to detonation of the explosive charge, the piston 52 is positively driven outwardly and is capable of providing a relatively large perforating force.
~L~7~5~4 The second piston 52 carries with it a punching element 56. The punching element 56 has a free outer end 58 of a configuration such as ~o enable ready penetration of the tubing wall. The inner end 60 of the punching element seats against the outer face of the second piston 52. A relatively small pin extending axially within the ' punching element 56 projects outwardly from the inner end thereof and into a central bore extending inwardly from the outer face of the piston 52. Pin 62 breaks or otherwise releases readily from piston 52 as to allow the punchin~ element 56 to break free of piston 52 after the tubing has been perforated.
It will be noted that the punching element tapers inwardly from its outer end to its inner end. ~ence, after piston 52 has forced the punching element 56 throu~h the wall of the tubing 12 thereby foxming a hole in such tubing wall (illustrated in dashed lines), the punching element, by virtue of the tapered configuration, is released from the hole thus formed and it is allowed to fall free downwardly in the annular space (not shown) between the tubing 12 and the well casing.
The lower end of the tool body is also provided with a bleed opening 64. This opening 64 is normally closed by a threaded plug 66 which may be opened, when desired, to bleed air outwardly of the system by way of the lower end of passageway 46.
In operation of the tool, the tool is lowered downwardly into the well by means of a wire line cable or the like secured to the upper end of top sub 24 until contact is made with a tubing stop (not shown) at a pre-set depth.
After the pre-set depth has been reached, use is made of the conventional wire line jar and stem (not shown) above the perforating tool thereby to jar downwardly with sufficient force as to ~ffect shearing of the shear pin 32. This allows striker member 26 together 765~L
with firing pin 28 to move downwardly, thus resulting in detonation of the charge within the shell 36. When the shell is detonated, a build-up of high pressure gases above piston ~0 is created thus causing piston 40 to be forced downwardly. This action, in turn~ displaces a corresponding volume of hydrau:Lic oil outwardly of chamber 44, with the displaced oil moving downwardly through the passageway 46, through passage 54, and into the cylinder 50. This displaced oil forces the second piston 52 laterally outwardly with the result being that the punching element 56 is driven through the wall of the tubing 12. Punching element 56 is thus driven almost entirely through the wall of the tubing, until the outer face of the piston 52 reaches the inner wall of the tubing, at which point the pin 62 either fractures or releases from the piston 52 thus allowing the punching element 56 to fall outwardly and downwardly (as illustrated in dashed lines) into the space between the tubing and the wall casing. The perforation thus formed ; 20 is hence clear of any obstruction.
A preferred embodiment of the invention has been described by way of example. Those skilled in the art will realize that numerous modifications and variations may be made while still retaining the spirit of the invention. Therefore, those modifications and variations which fall within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims are to be considered part of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A tool for perforating the wall of a tube located within a well bore, said tool comprising;
- a tool body adapted to be positioned within the tubing to be perforated;
- a first chamber for retaining an explosive charge within said body;
- first piston means slidably disposed in said body with one face of said first piston means being in communication with said first chamber such that said first piston means moves in response to pressures developed by detonation of the explosive charge;
- a second chamber for hydraulic fluid in said body with an opposite face of said first piston means communicating with said second chamber such that the movement of the first piston means displaces hydraulic fluid from the second chamber;
- second piston means slidably disposed in said body and arranged to move in response to the displacement of hydraulic fluid from said second chamber in a direction outwardly of the tool body and toward the wall of the tubing within which, in use, said tool body is located;
- said second piston means being adapted to carry a punch means for perforating the wall of the tubing as said second piston means moves outwardly following detonation of the explosive charge.
- a tool body adapted to be positioned within the tubing to be perforated;
- a first chamber for retaining an explosive charge within said body;
- first piston means slidably disposed in said body with one face of said first piston means being in communication with said first chamber such that said first piston means moves in response to pressures developed by detonation of the explosive charge;
- a second chamber for hydraulic fluid in said body with an opposite face of said first piston means communicating with said second chamber such that the movement of the first piston means displaces hydraulic fluid from the second chamber;
- second piston means slidably disposed in said body and arranged to move in response to the displacement of hydraulic fluid from said second chamber in a direction outwardly of the tool body and toward the wall of the tubing within which, in use, said tool body is located;
- said second piston means being adapted to carry a punch means for perforating the wall of the tubing as said second piston means moves outwardly following detonation of the explosive charge.
2. The tool as in claim 1 in combination with said punch means, wherein said punch means is separable from said second piston means, the punch means having an outer end which penetrates the tubing wall and an inner end which engages said second piston means, said punch means becoming smaller in size toward said inner end such that er penetrating the tubing wall the punch means releases from the tubing and is free to fall clear of the opening thus produced.
3. The tool as in claim 2 wherein said punch means tapers downwardly in size from said outer end to said inner end.
4. The tool as in claim 1 further including means for detonating said charge, said means including a firing pin, a tool section connected to an upper part of said tool body and capable of movement relative thereof to produce, in turn, movement of said firing pin to a charge detonating position, and means for preventing said relative movement of said tool section in the absence of a substantial detonation initiating impact on said tool section.
5. The tool as in claim 4 wherein said means for preventing said relative movement comprises a shear pin normally blocking said relative movement until sheared by the detonation initiating impact on said tool section.
6. The tool as in any one of claims 1-3 wherein said tool body is of elongated shape, said first piston means being slidably disposed in a first cylinder extending longitudinally of said tool body, and said second piston means being slidably disposed in a second cylinder which extends transversely of the tool body.
7. The tool as in claim 4 wherein said tool body is of elongated shape, said first piston means being slidably disposed in a first cylinder extending longitudinally of said tool body, and said second piston means being slidably disposed in a second cylinder which extends transversely of the tool body, said relative movement between the tool body and the tool section being directed longitudinally of the tool body such that the detonation initiating impact on said tool section may be initiated by applying a jarring force to said tool section.
8. The tool as in any one of claims 4 or 5 wherein said tool body is of elongated shape, said first piston means being slidably disposed in a first cylinder extending longitudinally of said tool body, and said second piston means being slidably disposed in a second cylinder which extends transversely of the tool body.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000510295A CA1276544C (en) | 1986-05-29 | 1986-05-29 | Hydraulic tubing punch |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000510295A CA1276544C (en) | 1986-05-29 | 1986-05-29 | Hydraulic tubing punch |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1276544C true CA1276544C (en) | 1990-11-20 |
Family
ID=4133233
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000510295A Expired - Lifetime CA1276544C (en) | 1986-05-29 | 1986-05-29 | Hydraulic tubing punch |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1276544C (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109236245A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-01-18 | 长江大学 | Shale gas well sand water dispatch plunger device |
-
1986
- 1986-05-29 CA CA000510295A patent/CA1276544C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109236245A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-01-18 | 长江大学 | Shale gas well sand water dispatch plunger device |
| CN109236245B (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2021-04-13 | 长江大学 | Shale gas well sand water discharging plunger |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |