CA1252589A

CA1252589A - Surface coating agent and method for using the same

Info

Publication number: CA1252589A
Application number: CA000494147A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Yoshiyuki Ohgushi
Original assignee: OGUSHI YOSHUKI
Current assignee: OGUSHI YOSHUKI
Priority date: 1985-10-29
Filing date: 1985-10-29
Publication date: 1989-04-11

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A surface coating agent essentially consisting of a mixture made of a) a principal ingredient including silicon oxide, calcium oxide, and iron oxide and b) a composite polymer emulsion including carboxy-modified styrene-butadiene, cyclohexyl methacrylate, and styrene polymers, wherein the mixing ratio of said mixture 2 - 6 : 1.

Description

The present Inventlon relates to a surface coatlng agent for clvll and constructlonal englneerlng and method for usM~g the same In clvll and constructlonal englneerlng.

Preventlon of concrete cracks has been a headache for arch1tects for many year. A huge amount of money has been spent year by year for thelr repalrlng.

Concrete Is baslcally a brlttle materlal. It shrlnks 1~ from slully state to solld state durlng curlng. Belng easlly ~ffccted by the change of surroundlng temperature, outslde force nnd press~lre durlng curlng stage, cracklngs are aImost unav~ldable.

Cracklngs wlll cause the concrete to become brlttle due to neutrallzatlon. The rlgldlty and strength wlll deterlorate and flnally the entlre structure Is damaged.

~ leretofore, mortar Is often used to provlde protectlon alnst cracklng or other rupture of concrete. Mortar Is, how-~ver, not strong enough In Its physlcal propertles, to prevent ~he cracklng perfectly.

Meanwhlle, Iron reacts wlth oxygen In the alr, and o~her materlals (chlorlne, fluorlne, sulfurous acld gas), and ~Iso b~cterla, causlng corroslon and rustlng.

For preventlng such corroslon and rustlng of the Iron or other metals, conventlonally varlous sur-Face coatlng agents 3~ hnve been developed as surface coatlng agents for metals espe-clnlly Iron.

However, the dlfference In expanslon temperature rate between a metalllc substrate and the coatlng agent has caused 3~ degradatlon of the coatlng and shortenlng of Its servlce llfe.

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Furthermore, certa I n surface coat I ng agents are applled to plastlcs for added fastness to weatherlng. Agaln, the result-ing films are not durable; they rarely adhere securely and perma-nently to the substrate and wl~l easlly peel off.

Among varlous surface coatlng agents, organlc solvent type coatlng agent glves relatlvely good adherence and durablllty but presents problems of envlronmental pollutlon wlth the solvent evaporated In the course of appllcatlon.
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An emulslon type of coatlng agents, on the contrary, cause less envlronmental contamlnatlon, but the coatlng fllms are Inferlor In both adherence and durablllty. In addltlon, they can corrode coated obJects, when the latter are metalllc.

Accordlngly, the present Invent I on provldes a surface GOnt I ng agent capable of formlng h I ghly adherent. durable, corro-slon-reslstant coatlng fllms adap-ted for unlversal uses on varled surf~ces wlthout deterloratlng the coatlng envlronments and In pnrtlcular In clvll and constructlonal englneerlng.

The present Inventlon also provldes varlous methods for effectlvely uslng the above surface coatlng agent partlcularly In clvll and constructlonal englneerlng.

Accordlng to the Inventlon, there Is provlded a surface c~tlng agent for clvll englneerlng and constructlonal englneer-ln~ essentlally conslstlng of a mlxture made of a) a prlnclple In~redlent Includlng cement, slllca sand, Iron oxlde, zlnc oxlde and glyclne and b) a composlte polymer emulslon Includlng car-boxy-modlfled styrene-butadlene, cyclohexyl methacrylate, and styrene polymers, whereln the mlxlng ratlo of sald mlxture Is 2 -6 : 1.

3~ By coatlng the surface of concrete havlng cracks wlth the above surface coatlng agent, the elastlclty and penetratlve t` ,~
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fllllngs wlll enable the concrete structur-e to wlthstand the drastlc chan~e of surroundlng temperature.

Furthermore, bondlng wlth the metal lon, uslng the lonlc bond oxldatlon character of metal, the surface coatlng agent of the present Inventlon forms a strong oxldlzlng fllm when It Is penetrated and Induced Into the rustlng of the metal.

In a further aspect thereof the present Inventlon pro-l~ vldes a metho~ for uslng a surface coatlng agent for clvll engl-neerln~ and constructlonal englneerlng wl1ereln sald method com-prlse~ 1) applylng a composlte polymer emulslon essentially con-slstlng of carboxy-modlfled styrene-butadlene, cyclohexyl methacrylate and styrene polymers onto a lower surface of a floor plate so as to form a composlte polymer fllm, Il) mountlng a plu-r~lIty of bolts onto the lower surface of sald f loor so as to s~spend a concrete panel from saId floor plate whlle deflnlng a Flller space between the concrete panel and sald lower surface of s~ld floor plate, Ill) applylng an upwardly urglng pressure to s~ld concrete panel plate by sprlng means mounted on sald respec-tIve bolts, and fllllng a surface coatlng agent essentlally con-slstlng of a mlxture made of a) a prlnclple Ingredlent Includlng cement, slllca sand, Iron oxlde, zlnc oxlde and glyclne and b) a composlte polymer emulslon Includlng carboxy-modlfled styrene-3~ t~dlene, cyclohexyl methacrylate, and styrene polymers as maln~onstlt~lents In a mlxlng ratlo of 5.0 : 1 under pressure Into snld flller space agalnst the blaslng force of sald concrete ~nel~

3~ In a stlll further aspect thereof the present Inventlon provldes a method for uslng a surface coatlng agent for clvll englneerlng and constructlon englneerlng, whereln sald method comprlses 1) applylng a composlte polymer emulslon essentlally conslstlng of carboxy-modlfled styrene-butadlene, cyclohexyl 3~ methacrylate, and styrene polymers onto a bottom surface of a floor plate of a brIdge, Il) coatlng saId emulslon-coated lower \

surface of sald floor wlth fIrst and second llnlng layers whlch are made of a surface coatlng agent essentlally conslstlng of a mlxture made of a) a prlnclple Ingredlent Includlng cement, sll-lca sand, Iron oxlde, zlnc oxlde and glyclne and b) a composlte polymer emulslon Includlng carboxy-modlflea styrene-butadlene.
cyclohexyl methacrylate, and styrene polymers In a mlxlng ratlo of ~0 : 1 and In whlch relnforclng materlal Is Impregnated.
Sultably, sald relnforclng materlal Is glass flbers. Deslrably, sald relnfol-clng materlal Is steel-bar mesh.

In a further aspect thereof the present Inventlon pro-vl~ies n method for uslng a surface coatlng agent for clvll engl-neerlng and constructlon englneerlng, whereln sald method com-prlses 1) dlsposlng a concrete Panel In a parallel spaced-apart manner from one surface of a steel plle plate standlng In the water such that sald concrete plate faces a splash zone of sald steel plle plate, Il) mountlng a bottom plate on the lower end of snld concrete plate, sald bottom plate havlng one end extendlng to one surface of sald plle plate, thus deflnlng an adherlng-a3ent-fllllng space and 111) fllllng a surface coatIng agent essentlally conslstlng of a mlxture made of a) a prlnclple Ingre-dlent Includlng cement, slllca sand, Iron oxlde, zlnc oxlde and ~Iyclne and b) a composlte polymer emulslon Includlng carboxy-mod I f I ed styrene-butadlene, cyclohexyl methacrylate, and styrene polymers In a mlxlng ratlo of 5.0 : 1 as an adherlng agent Into ~nld adherlng-agent fllllng space.

In a stlll further aspect thereof the present Inventlon provldes a method for uslng a surface coatlng agent for clvll en~lneerlng and constructlon englneerlng, whereln sald method con~prlses 1) applylng a composlte polymer emulslon essentlally conslstlng of carboxy-modlfled styrene-butadlene, cyclohexyl methacrylate, and styrene polymers onto an adherlng surface of a substrate plate, Il) applylng onto sald emulslon-lmpregnated ndherlng surface a fIrst llnlng layer made of a surface coatlng agent essentlally conslstlng of a mlxture made o f a) a prlnclple - 3a -`~i Ingredlent Incl Ud I ng cement, slllca sand, Iron oxlde, zlnc oxlde and glyclne and b) a composlte polymer emulslon Includlng car-boxy-modlfled styrene-butadlene, cyclohexyl methacrylate, and styrene polymers In a mlxlng ratlo of 3.5 : 1, 111) applylng a second llnlng layer made of a surface coatlng agent essentlally conslstlng of a mlxture made of a) a prlnclple Ingredlent Includ-lng cement, slllca sand, Iron oxlde, zlnc oxlde and glyclne and b) a composlte polymer emulslon Includlng carboxy-modlfled styrene-butadlene, cyclohexyl methacrylate, and styrene polymers 1~ In ~ ml~lng ratlo of 3.5 : 1 onto a pluralIty of tlles, and Iv) adherlng sald second llnlng layer to saId f Irst llnlng layer by means of an adherlng llnlng layer made of a surface coatlng agent essentlally conslstlng of a mlxture made of a) a prlnclple Ingre-dlent Includlng cement, slllca sand, Iron oxlde, zlnc oxlde and glyclne and b) a composlte polymer emulslon Includlng carboxy-modlfled styrene-butadlene, cyclohexyl methacrylate, and styrene polymers In admlxlng ratlo of 5 : 1, thus flrmly adherlng saId tlles to sald substrate plate.

2~ The present Inventlon wlll be further Illustrated by wny of the accompanylng drawlngs, In whlch:-Flg. 1 Is a transverse cross-sectlonal vlew of the floor plate repalred by the method of the flrst example of the ~eoond embodlment of the present Inventlon;

Flg. 2 Is an enlarged vlew of the above floor plate;

Flg. 3 Is an explanatory vlew of showlng the mountlng 3a posltlon of the concrete panel to the floor plate;

Flg. 4 Is a transverse cross-sectlonal vlew of the floor plate repalred by the method of the second example of the second embodIment of the present I nvent I on;

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- 3b -Fig, 5 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the floor plate repaired by the modification of the second embodiment.
~ ig. 6 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the fioor plate repaired by the method of the third example of the second embodiment.
Fig. 7 is a plan view of the above floor plate taken along the line I-I of Fig. 6.
Fi~. 8 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the steel-made pile plate repaired by the method of the fifth example of the second embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the repaired pile plate.
Fig. 1~ is a schematic view of the another repaired pile plate.
F~g. 11 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the water-proof sheet used in the method of the sixth example of the second embodiment.
Fig. 12 is an explanatory view showing the manner of wlnding the water-proof sheet around the steel-made pile.
Fig. 1~ is a schematic view of the repaired steel-made p~le.
Fig. 14 is an explanatory view of the method of sixth e~ample of the second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 15 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the substrate provided with tiles according to the method of the sixth example.

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DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
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Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail hereinafter.

~First Embodiment) In this embodiment, the procedure of producing the surface c~ating agent of the present invention and the properties of the surface coating agent are disclosed.
First, the manner of preparing the composite polymer emulsion is explained.
Such emulsion is preferably prepared in ~ollowing manners ~s shown in examples 1 and 2.

Example 1 A composition consisting of carboxy-modified styrene-butadiene polymer latex 13 wt%

cyclohexyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer latex 56 wt%

fatty acid sodium soap 1 wt%

water 25 wt%

are mixed up in the following order.

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Eirst, the fatty acid sodium soap is dissolved in water.
Carboxy-modified styrene-butadiene polymer latex is slowly added, with stirring, to the aqueous soap solution. Next, cyclohexyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer latex is added simi-larly.
In this way, an aqueous dispersion of these polymers is ~ormed.

Example 2 A composition consisting of carboxy-modified styrene-butadiene polymer latex 13 wt%

styrene polymer latex 28 wt%

cyclohexyl methacrylate polymer 28 wt%

fatty acid sodium soap l wt%

water 30 wt%

are mixed up in the following order.
~ irst, the fatty acid sodium soap is dissol~ed in water.
Then, carboxy-modified styrene-butadiene polymer latex is slowly added under stirring, followed by the addition of cyclo~exyl methacrylate pol~ymer in a sirnilar manner. Thus, nn aqueous dispersion of these polymer is obtained.

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The latexes used in the two composite polymer ernulsions have solid contents of 40 - 50 percent each.
Now an example of composition and mixing procedure of the following principal ingredients with either of the above two composite polymer emulsion will be given.
Tlle exemplary composition of the principal ingredients i ~ :

white cement 28 wt%

silica sand (SiO2) 71 wt%
iron powder (Fe304) 0.2 wt%
zinc oxide (ZnO) 0.1 wt%
titanium white (TiO2)0.1 wt%
~lycine etc. 0.6 wt%

The white cement components have the ~ollowing proportions by weight:

CaO 65.4 wt%

SiO2 23.1 wt%

Fe23 0.2 wt%
ignition loss 2.7 wt%
insolubles 0.2 wt%

~2 3 4.3 wt%
MgO 0.6 wt%

S03 ` 2.8 wt%
others 0.7 wt%

5~3 The principal ingredients are mixed up in the following manner.
Coarse silica sand is fired, freed from organic impurities, and finely ground to a particle size of 50 to 150 ~m. The finely divided silica sand is placed in a mixer, and the white cement is slowly added and mixed with the sand. ~urther, iron dust (Fe30~ inc oxide (ZnO), titanium white (TiO2), .md ~lycinè are added in that order and the components are mixed up uniformly.
Next, an exemplary method of preparing a surface coating agent by mixing the principal ingredients with either of the composite polymer emulsions will be explained.
Where a coating film from 0.6 to l.O mm thick is to be ~ormed over a surface area of one square meter, 1250 g of th~ principal ingredients is mixed with 357 g of the composite palymer emulsion. The precedure comprises first placing the composite polymer emulsion in a container, stirring it while slowly adding the principal ingredients over a period of ~ t~ 5 minutes, and then adding water, with stirring, to the viscosity required for coating.
Although! in the above example, the ra-tio between the composike polymer emulsion and the principal ingredient is determined to be l : 3.5, such ratio can be varied from l : 2.0 to l : 6Ø
When the ratio is 1 : 2.0, the surface coating agent has a sufficient fluidity so that it can be readily filled into the fine cràcks formed in the concrete by means of a pressure pump or the like.
However, when the ratio becomes less than 2.0, the surface coating agent has an excessive fluidity so that the adhering force is lowered.
Meanwhile, when the ratio is 6.0, the surface coating agent can be utilized to fill in the profiled recess formed in the concrete.
I-~owever, the ratio becomes more than 6.0, the surface coating agent becomes bulky so that again the adhering force is lowered.
The surface coating agent thus prepared is employed as follows:
In coating iron, zinc, concrete, wood, asphalt, plastics, polyethylene, polypropylene, glass, FRP, rubber, ceramic, or other similar surfaces, the coating agent is applied with a brush, spray gun or the like. The coating film will harden at ambient temperature in about 8 hours. A jet of hot air at 80~C will cure it completely in only 10 to 20 minutes.
When the substrate is a vertical wall or ceiling, the water to be added to the polymer emulsion is desired to be sot`t or distilled water, because it prevents sagging during appl1cation and avoids separation of the principal ingredients from the rest of the composition. The use of soft or distilled water is advisable also with pipes, angles, or other small articles, or hollow object the inner walls of which must also be coated.
The water enables the coating composition -to re-tain sufficient fluidity for dip coating and yet prevent separation or settling of the principal ingredients. In coating stain-less steel, it is desirable to use completely dechlorinated distilled water.
~ amples of the invention are as described above, and the surface coating agent obtained accordingly have features or physical properties as given in Table 1.

Table l Property Feature or physical property values Form aqueous slurry Curing time 10 min to less than 8 hr Curing temperature 20 to 80C
Compression strength 222.0 kgf/cm2 ~nding strength 73.0 kgf/cm2 Tensile streng-th 26.3 kgf/cm2 Weather resistance 3000 hr ~dhesion strength 22 kgf/cm2 Water reslstance 9.5 kgf/cm2 Alliali resistance 18.0 kgf/cm2 ~rrosion resistance 11.0 kgf/cm2 Salt-spray fog resistance 15.8 kgf/cm2 Ozone resistance 17.4 kgf/cm Heat resistance 18.0 kgf/cm2 at 300'C for 3 hr Cold resistance 17.4 kgf/cm at -183 C for 3 hr Bending resistance no crack Impact resistance no failure Freezing-Melting resistance no weight change . _ The physical property values given in Table 1 were measured by the ~ollowing mèthods.
a) Compression strength test was conducted in conformity with the Japanese Industrial Standard R 5201. A testpiece o~ 50 mm diameter and 100 mm length was compressed by an axial force until the piece was ruptured.
b) Bending strength test was conducted in conformity wlth the Japanese Industrial Standard R 5201. A testpiece of 40 mm X 40 mm X 160 mm was bent by applying a concentrated weight on the center of the testpiece which has both end supported on a base.
c) ~ensile strength test was conducted in conformity with the Japanese Industrial Standard A 1113. A testpiece o~` 50 mm diameter and 100 mm length was provided with a weight in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the -test-piece until the cracks occur on the surface o~ the testpiece.
d) Weather resistance test was conducted by applying li~ht beams and water under following conditions onto the ~urface coating agent coated on the iron plate at a thickness of l mm.
temperature of black panel 59-63C
water shower cycle 18 min/120 min mean discharge voltage 50 V
mean discharge current 60 A
test period 3000 hr (equivalent to the exposure under sun for 15 years) e) The adhesion strength test was conducted in conformity with the Japanese Industrial Standard A 6909. A piece of galvanized sheet iron was coated with the surface coating agent to a film thickness of 300 ~m. On a load cell type tester having a capacity of 100 kgf, the coating film in a circle 20 mm across of the tes-t piece was subjected to a peeling test at a pulling speed of 5 mm/min.
f) Water resistance was determined in terms of the adhe-sion strength of a coated film formed in the same way as above on the same subs-trate after 96 hours of immersion in distilled water at 40C.
g) Alkali resistance was determined also in terms of the adhesion strength after immersion in an aqueous solution saturated with calcium hydroxide at 40C for 96 hours.
h) Corrosion resistance was determined in terms of the adhesion strength after 96 hours of immersion in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride adjusted with distilled water to n chloride concentration of 5 %, at 40'C.
i) Salt-spray fog resistance was evaluated in terms of the a~hesion strength after spraying of the coated surface wlth an aqueous solution of sodium chloride adjus-ted with an ion-exchange resin to a chloride concentration of 5 + l %, for a period of 120 hours.
j) Ozone resistance was determined in terms of -the adhesion strength after 240 hours of standing in a tank c~ntaining ozone at a concentration of 10 ppm at 40 + 1C.

k) Cold res~stance was determined by coa-ting a piece of galvanized sheet iron with the sur~ace coating agent at a rate of 12 kg/m2 refrigerating the coated piece with liquid oxygen (b.p. -183C) as the refrigerant for 3 hours allowing it to warm up to ordinary temperature and then measuring the adhesion strength of the coat using a load cell type tester having a capacity of 500 kgf.
1) High-temperature resistance was determined by applying the surface coating material on a piece of galvanized sheet iron at a rate of 12 kg/m2 heating the coated piece at 300 C
for 3 hours allowing it to cool down to ordinary temperature and then measuring the adhesion strength of the coating by means of a load cell type tester having a capacity of 500 kgf.
m) Bending resistance was evaluated in conformity with JIS l~ 5400 by coating core rods having different diameters of ~ 3 6 and 8 mm, inspecting the bent rods to see if there occurred any cracking or peeling.
n) Impact resistance was determined in accordance with JIS G 3492, by allowing a coated piece in water a-t 25C for one hour dropping a steel ball weighing 54S R from a height of ~.4 m, and then inspecting the surface for any trace of crack or other irregularit~y.
o) Freezing-Melting resistance test was conducted in conformity with the standard of ASTM C 666. The testpiece of 100 mm X 100 mm X 400 mm was immersed in the water and the temperature of the water was changed for 300 cycles at an interval at 4 hour and at a temperature range of 4.5 C to -18 C.
As indicated in Table 1, the surface coating agent of the invention cures in a relatively short period of time to e~hance the application efficiency.
With broad ranges of tolerances for use at very high and low temperatures, it is applicable in diversified environ-ments.
The great adhesion strength enables it to adhere firmly to varied substrate materials.
This coating agent has suf~icient compression and bending Strengths to accommodate the expansion of substra-tes, especial-ly metals that undergo considerable thermal expansion with temperature changes.
Furthermore, it is useful in universal environments thanks to its excellent resistance to corrosive attacks, water, weathering, alkalis, and oils.
For example, it stands rigorous service conditions of b~ ges laid across straights that are subjected to drastic temperature changes and accordingly undergo repeated thermal changes for expansion and contraction while being exposed to the spray of .sea water.
It is also useful as linings of service wa-ter and sewer pipes that are difficult to main-tain, required to be durable for long, and are exposed to acidic, alkaline, and other fluids.
It can be satisfactorily employed as linings of sea water pipes that are normally in contac-t with briny water.

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Where a substrate to be coated is metal, especially iron, that tends to corrode with oxidation by oxygen in the air, the strength of the surface coating agent of the inven-tion in bonding with metal ions can be taken advantage of in utili~ing the oxidizing ~unction of the metal itself~
The coating agent allows rust to form permeatingly in the SurlnCe to provide a strong oxide film coating ~or protection ngainst corrosion.
Zinc oxide (ZnO) among the principal ingredients reacts with various polymers for crosslinking, thereby adding strength to the resultant coating film.
Glycine is incorporated so as to impart curability to the polymers.
The fatty acid in the composite polymer emulsion stabi-~ s the emulsion, degreases the coating surface, and improves the leveling property at the time of application.
~ ince the coating agent is of an emulsion type~ i-t does not contaminate the environment due to evaporation of an ar~anic solvent during its application. It can be applied by means of a spray gun or by dip coating, while avoiding ~eparation or settling of the principal ingredients.

To recapitulate the advantages of the surface coating agent according to the invention, they are as follows:
(a) In coating walls and ceilings, it may be prepared to the application viscosity of the coating composition for spray guns. With that viscosity, it forms tough, even coating films without settling of the principal ingredients or sagging of the film.
(b) For pipes, angles, and other small objects or those which must be coated on the inner walls too, the coating agent may be adjusted to an application viscosity low enough for clip coating. It forms tough, even coating film without settling or separation of the principal ingre-S .
~ c) It adheres well to iron, galvanized iron, anclsllchlike surfaces, and the resulting film is flexible enough to follow bending or distortion of the coated steel sheet or the like.
td) The coating film is tough enough to be only locally damaged by impacts of heavy objects, without any cracking ~r p~eling.
(e) The film confers elasticity, water resistance, and weathering resistance on concrete surfaces.
(f) Resistant to temperatures in a broad range from 300 ~ down to -183C.
(g) Nonflammable and safe to handle.
th) Hot air at below 80C is enough to promote -the drying of the film after application and also the attainment of the coating effect, thus improving the coating efficiency.
(i) Very extensive, diversified applications.
For example, the coating agent imparts bonding, corrosion resistance, water resistance, and elasticity to a great variety of objects as: paints for bridges spanning straights or channels, linings for service water and sewer pipes, linings for sea water pipes, double water-sealants, agen-ts for main-~ - 16 -tenance of power plants, agents for preventing gas burst-ing of coal mines, agents for protecting slurries in transportation, railroad ties, antirust agents for ships, rustproofing agents for automobile bottom chassis plates, paints for protecting electric-light and telephone poles (and cables), antirust coatings for petroleum tanks, paints for small boats and vessels, coatings for gas pipes and gas tanks, bonds for laggings of liquefied gas tanks, sealants for nuclear power plants, antirust coatings for industrial stacks and towers, coatings for secondary concrete products, agents for maintenance of water tanks on top of buidings, antirust paints for viaducts and iron bridges, water-proofing agents for tunnels, corrosion-resisting and water-proofing agents for prefabricated houses, antirust coatings for sea berths and steel-built pools, agents for protecting slopes, antiweathering agents for concrete dams, and antirust eoatings for water gates. The coating agent of the invention has also e~tensive applications as adhesives and bonding agents.

~Second Embodiment) The preffered methods for utilizing the above-mentioned surface coating agent are hereinafter disclosed in view of several examples.

F~rst Example (Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 3) Ln this example, the material of this invention is used for repairing the floor plate of the bridge made of concrete.
In Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, numeral 1 indicates a concrete floor plate of a bridge which has several cracks on -the lower sur~ace thereof.
For repairing such floor plate, the portion of the lower surface la where a crack of l mm width is cut in a V shape of width and 2 cm depth.
Then, a plurality of hole-in-anchors 3 are dri~en into the floor plate l as showr- in ~ig. 2.
Subs~quently, the composite polymer emulsion which is described in the first embodiment and diluted with w~ter o~ the same amount is sprayed onto the lower surface twice by a spray gun and then cooled to be hardend thus form-ing a polymer film 4 on the lower surface la of the floor plate l.
Then, the upper end of an upper bolt 5 is threaded into the hole-in-anchor 3.
A mixture is produced by mixing the polymer emulsion 3 ~
with the principal material which are described in the first embodiment at the ratio of 1 : 3.5 and such mixture is added with a suitable amount of water to assure the viscosity necessary for casting.
The reason for determining the mixing ratio o~ the surface coating agent to be 1 : 3.5 is that such surface coating agent has sufficient fluidity and facilitate the Rdhering of the later filling of the surface coating agent having the mixing ratio of 1 : 5 to the floor plate.
Such water containing mixture is then applied on-to the surface of the polymer film 4 under the pressure of 5 kg/cm to form an upper layer 6 of about 500 ~m thickness.
On the lower surface of the upper layer 6, a wire 7 is e~tended and the wire mesh 7 is supported by a plurality of ~pncer nuts 8 which are threadedly engaged with the lower end of the upper bolt 5.
Then, the upper end of a lower bolt 9 is threaded into the spacer nut 8 so that the lower bolt 9 is vertically supported below the spacer nut 8.
Subsequently, a concrete panel 11 which has a vinyl sheet la t`irmly adhered to the upper surface thereof is disposed an~ held below the wire mesh 7 with suitable gap or space.
The lower bolt 9 is inserted into a bolt opening 12 which is formed in the panel.
A nut 13 is threadedly engaged with the lower end of the lower bolt 9 and urges the panel 11 upwardly making use of ~he biasing forc`e of a leaf spring 14 disposed between the panel 11 and the nut 13.
Due to such construction, the concrete panel ll is biasingly come into contact to the spacer bolt 8 and a filler-space is defined between the wire mesh ~ and the concrete panel ll.
The surface coating agent of the present invention w11ich is produced by mixing the principal ingredient and t~e composite polymer emulsion at a mixing ratio of 1 : 5 is filled in the filler-space under pressure as the adhering agent~
Such filling operation is continued until the concrete panel ll is lowered to a desired level against the biasing force of the leaf spring l4.
Finally, the nut 13 is fastened to increase the biasing force of the leaf spring 14 so that the concrete panel ll is firmly attached to the bottom plate l.
It must be noted that the compression gap (t) must be I~ld between the spacer nut 8 and the concrete panel ll so as to constantly apply an upward biasing force to the co1lcrete panel ll.
In about four weeks, the lower bolt 9 is removed and the concrete panel ll is peeled off so as to provide a lower coating layer 15 of about 20 mm thickness.

Second Example (Fig. 4, Fig. 5) In Fig. 4, numeral 21 indicates a concrete ~loor plate which has a plurality of cracks 23 on the lower ou-ter surface 22 thereof.
Such outer surface 22 is primarily formed in-to a rough surface by an electric drilling machine or highly pressurized water jet gun.
Numeral 24 indicates a composite polymer emulsion des-cribed in the first embodiment which is applied onto the ~uter surface 22 such that the emulsion 24 impregnates into crnoks 23. The development of cracks 23 can be ef~ectively prevented by the bonding strength of the emulsion. Numeral 25 indlcates a first lining layer which also works for preventing the development of cracks 23 by the bonding strength thereof~
The first lining layer 25 is made of the surface coating a~ent of the present invention which is prepared by mixing the composite polymer emulsion to the principal ingredient at a rate of l : 3.5.
Numeral 26 indicates a second lining layer which is `nl~o prepared by mixing the above composition polymer emulsion ~nd the principal ingredient at a mixing ratio of l : 5.0 an~ the layer 26 which is fixedly applied onto the first lining layer 25 and such layer 26 embeds a glass fiber 27 therein.
Due to such construction, coupled with the excellent tensile strength of the glass fiber 27, the second lining layer 26 can exhibit an extremely high tensile strength thus further preventing the development of the cracks 23 on the outer sur~ace 22 o~ the floor plate l.
Although, in Fig. 4, the glass fiber 27 is embedded in the second lining layer 26 as a glass fiber sheet, the glass fiber 27 can be embedded in other forms such as mixing a numerous glass fiber wires into the second lining layer 26 as shown in Fig. 5.

Third E~ample (Fig. 6, Fig. 7) This example is a modification of the second example, wherein a wire mesh screen is embedded in the second lining layer.
As shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, the wire mesh screen 27 is made of a plurality of lateral and longitudinal steel wires 27a, 27b which cross perpendicularly.
These wires 27a and 27b are welded together at crossing points. The interval between wires 27a, 27a and 27b, 27b is preferably 5.0 mm, while the diameter of the wires 7a, 7b is preferably 2 - 6 mm.
~ `he diameter of the wires 27a, 27b, however, vary depend-in~ on the degree of cracks on the outer surface of the floor pl ~

Fourth Example (Fig. 8 ~ Fig. 10) In this example, the surface coating agent is used as the material for protecting the splash zone of the pile plate.
In Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, numeral 31 indicates a plurality of steel-made pile plates which are connected in series and piled to the water bed.
The pile plates 31 have a splash zone A at a position where the water surface comes into contact with the surface of the pile plate.
Numeral 32 indicates a plurality of anti-corrosion concrete plates (reinforced concrete or P.C) which are disposed parallel to the pile plate 31 at a predetermined spnce ~for example, 1 cm) therebetween.
~ uch concrete plates 32 have a width W which sufficient-ly covers the splash zone A of the pile plate 31.
The concrete plates 32 are connec-ted in series by a bonding rubber 33.
In Fig. 8, B indicates a water level.
Also in Fig. 8, numerals 34 and 35 indicate lower and upper support struts for supporting concrete plates 32 at a splash zone A. The strut 34 or 35 has proximal end thereof welded to the pile plate 31 and the distal end thereof provided with a bracket (34a), (35a) for preventing the ~alling of the concrete plate 32.
Numeral 36 indicates an elongated bottom plate which is preferably made of plastic plate or plywood.
For preventing the separation of the bottom plate 36 from the lower support struts 34 by floating force of the water, the bottom plate 36 has a plurality of apertures through which connecting strings 37 passes for jointing the bottom plate 36 to the lower support strut 34.
Numeral 38 indicates a packing which is inserted in the connection between the bottom plate 36 and the pile plate 31.
Due to such construction, an adhering agent filling space is defined by the pile plate 31, the concre-te plate 32 and the bottom plate 36 and the surface coating agent of the present invention is filled in the adhering agent filling space as~ an adhering agent 39 so as to firmly adhere the concrete plate 32 to the steel-made pile plate 31, there-by the splash zone A of the steel-made pile plate 31 is protected from the occurence of rusting.
In this example, such surface coating agent is prepared by mixing the composite polymer emulsion and the principal ingredient of the first embodiment at a mixing ratio of 1 : 5Ø
The surface coating agent 39 may be charged into the adhering agent filling space through an upper opening of the sp~ce or through an opening formed in the bottom plate 38.
In Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, numeral 40 indicates a ceiling plate which is installed on the adhering agent filling space.
In Fig. 10, a modification of this embodiment is shown, wherein the concrete plate 32 is a fla-t plate.

Fifth Example (Fig. 11 - Fig. 13) In this example, the surface coating agent of this invention is used for protecting a steel-pipe-made pile from rusting.
In Fig 11 and Fig. 12, numeral 51 indicates a water-- 2~ -proof sheet and such sheet 51 is produced by impregnating a lining material 53 made of the surface coating agent of the present invention to a clothing of rough mesh such as victoria lawn and then dried.
In the above construction, since the clothing 52 and the lining material 53 have sufficient tensile strength respectively, the occurrence of cracks on the lining matcrial 53 can be effectively prevented by the coupled e~fect of the clothing 52 and the lining material 53.
In this example, the surface coating agent is produced by mixing the composite polymer with the principal ingredient at a mixing rate of 1 : 3.5.
The water-proof sheet 51 which is produced in the above mnnner is, as shown in Fig. 13, wound around and adhered to the outer surface of a steel-pipe-made pile 56 by means of an adhering agent which is produced by mixing the composi-te polymer emulsion to the principal ingredient at a mixing rn~io of 1 : 3.5 - 5Ø
In the above winding operation, a belt may be used to I`asten the water-proof sheet 51 to the steel-pipe-made pile ntil the former completely adheres to the latter.
The both abutting peripheries or brims of the wound water-proof sheet 51 is connected with each other by an water-hardening adhering agent 57.

Sixth Example (Fig. 14, fig. 15) In this example, the surface coa-ting agent of this ~ ~3~3 invelltion is used for adhering tiles to the substrate such as a floor of a bathroom.
In Fig. 14, numeral 61 indicates a substrate plate made of concrete (AlC, PC) for defining a floor of a bathroom.
As shown in Fig. 14, the substrate plate 61 has a rough surface formed by a high-pressure water or an electric drilling machine.
Due to such rough surface, the composite polymer emulsion i-~ efficiently impregnated into the substrate 61.
In fig. 14, numeral 64 and 65 indicates the first and second lining layers applied and formed on the substrate 62 and the tile 66 respectively.
Such lining layers 64 and 65 are produced by mixing the ~olllposite polymer emulsion with the principal ingredient alt a mi~in~ rate of 1 : 3.5.
Furthermore, in Fig. 14, numeral 67 indicates an adhering material for adhering the first and second lining layers 64 d 65 ~ith each other.
Such adhering material 67 is produced by mixing the eomposite polymer emulsion with the principal ingredient ~k a mi~ing rate of 1 : 5.
Since the composite polymer emulsion, first and second lining layers 64, 65 and the adhering material 67 have e.~cellent physical and/or chemical properties, the tiles 66 can be firmly adhered to the substrate 61 due to the adhering force and the tenslle strength of the materials.

In the above lining layers 64, 65, the mixing ratio o~
the composite polymer emulsion and the principal ingredient is determined to be 1 : 3.5.
This owes to the fact that by increasing the amount of the composite polymer emulsion to the principal ingredient, the drying of the lining material lowers the adhereing agent.

Claims

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:

1. A surface coating agent for civil engineering and constructional engineering essentially consisting of a mixture made of a) a principle ingredient including cement, silica sand, iron oxide, zinc oxide and glycine and b) a composite polymer emulsion including carboxy-modified styrene-butadiene, cyclohexyl methacrylate, and styrene polymers, wherein the mixing ratio of said mixture is 2 - 6 : 1.

2. A method for using a surface coating agent for civil engineering and constructional engineering wherein said method comprises i) applying a composite polymer emulsion essen-tially consisting of carboxy-modified styrene-butadiene, cyclo-hexyl methacrylate and styrene polymers onto a lower surface of a floor plate so as to form a composite polymer film, ii) mounting a plurality of bolts onto the lower surface of said floor so as to suspend a concrete panel from said floor plate while defining a filler space between the concrete panel and said lower *surfac *eof said floor plate, iii) applying an upwardly urging pressure to said concrete panel plate by spring means mounted on said respective bolts, and filling a surface coating agent essentially consisting of a mixture made of a) a principle ingredient includ-ing cement, silica sand, iron oxide, zinc oxide and glycine and b) a composite polymer emulsion including carboxy-modified styrene-butadiene, cyclohexyl methacrylate, and styrene polymers as main constituents in a mixing ratio of 5.0 : 1 under pressure into said filler space against the biasing force of said concrete panel.

3. A method for using a surface coating agent for civil engineering and construction engineering, wherein said method comprises i) applying a composite polymer emulsion essen-tially consisting of carboxy-modified styrene-butadiene, cyclo-hexyl methacrylate, and styrene polymers onto a bottom surface of a floor plate of a bridge, ii) coating said emulsion-coated lower surface of said floor with first and second lining layers which are made of a surface coating agent essentially consisting of a mixture made of a) a principle ingredient including cement, sil-ica sand, iron oxide, zinc oxide and glycine and b) a composite polymer emulsion including carboxy-modified styrene-butadiene, cyclohexyl methacrylate, and styrene polymers in a mixing ratio of 5.0 : 1 and in which reinforcing material is impregnated.

4. A method for using a surface coating agent accord-ing to claim 3, wherein said reinforcing material is glass fibers.

5. A method for using a surface coating agent accord-ing to claim 3, wherein said reinforcing material is steel-bar mesh.

6. A method for using a surface coating agent for civil engineering and construction engineering, wherein said method comprises 1) disposing a concrete panel in a parallel spaced-apart manner from one surface of a steel pile plate stand-ing in the water such that said concrete plate faces a splash zone of said steel pile plate, ii) mounting a bottom plate on the lower end of said concrete plate, said bottom plate having one end extending to one surface of said pile plate, thus defining an adhering-agent-filling space and iii) filling a surface coating agent essentially consisting of a mixture made of a) a principle ingredient including cement, silica sand, iron oxide, zinc oxide and glycine and b) a composite polymer emulsion including car-boxy-modified styrene-butadiene, cyclohexyl methacrylate, and styrene polymers in a mixing ratio of 5 .0 : 1 as an adhering agent into said adhering-agent filling space.

7. A method for using a surface coating agent for civil engineering and construction engineering, wherein said method comprises i) applying a composite polymer emulsion essen-tially consisting of carboxy-modified styrene-butadiene, cyclo-hexyl methacrylate, and styrene polymers onto an adhering surface of a substrate plate, ii) applying onto said emulsion-impregnated adhering surface a first lining layer made of a surface coating agent consisting of a mixture made of a) a principle ingredient including cement, silica sand, iron oxide, zinc oxide and glycine and b) a composite polymer emulsion including carboxy-modified styrene-butadiene, cyclohexyl methacrylate, and styrene polymers in a mixing ratio of 3.5 : 1, iii) applying a second lining layer made of a surface coating agent essentially consisting of a mix-ture made of a) a principle ingredient including cement, silica sand, iron oxide, zinc oxide and glycine and b) a composite poly-mer emulsion including carboxy-modified styrene-butadiene, cyclo-hexyl methacrylate, and styrene polymers in a mixing ratio of 3.6 : 1 onto a plurality of tiles, and iv) adhering said second lin-ing layer to said first lining layer by means of an adhering lin-ing layer made of a surface coating agent essentially consisting of a mixture of a) a principle ingredient including cement, sil-ica sand, iron oxide, zinc oxide and glycine and b) a composite polymer emulsion including carboxy-modified styrene-butadiene, cyclohexyl methacrylate, and styrene polymers in admixing ratio of 5 : 1, thus firmly adhering said tiles to said substrate plate.