CA1251653A - Coating for seed - Google Patents
Coating for seedInfo
- Publication number
- CA1251653A CA1251653A CA000480051A CA480051A CA1251653A CA 1251653 A CA1251653 A CA 1251653A CA 000480051 A CA000480051 A CA 000480051A CA 480051 A CA480051 A CA 480051A CA 1251653 A CA1251653 A CA 1251653A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- seed
- titanium dioxide
- coating
- outermost
- colourant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005843 Thiram Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 2
- JLYXXMFPNIAWKQ-GNIYUCBRSA-N gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane Chemical compound Cl[C@H]1[C@H](Cl)[C@@H](Cl)[C@@H](Cl)[C@H](Cl)[C@H]1Cl JLYXXMFPNIAWKQ-GNIYUCBRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JLYXXMFPNIAWKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane Natural products ClC1C(Cl)C(Cl)C(Cl)C(Cl)C1Cl JLYXXMFPNIAWKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002809 lindane Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940107698 malachite green Drugs 0.000 description 2
- FDZZZRQASAIRJF-UHFFFAOYSA-M malachite green Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C1C=CC(=[N+](C)C)C=C1 FDZZZRQASAIRJF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiram Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(C)C KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002447 thiram Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LDVVMCZRFWMZSG-OLQVQODUSA-N (3ar,7as)-2-(trichloromethylsulfanyl)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydroisoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1C=CC[C@H]2C(=O)N(SC(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C(=O)[C@H]21 LDVVMCZRFWMZSG-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAKOZHOLGAGEJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)-Ethane Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 IAKOZHOLGAGEJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005745 Captan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004150 EU approved colour Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001325227 Eucrypta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005949 Malathion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000201976 Polycarpon Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000642 acaricide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KSCQDDRPFHTIRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N auramine O Chemical compound [H+].[Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C(=N)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 KSCQDDRPFHTIRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940117949 captan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GYSSRZJIHXQEHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carboxin Chemical compound S1CCOC(C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 GYSSRZJIHXQEHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZXJXZNDDNMQXFV-UHFFFAOYSA-M crystal violet Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1[C+](C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C)C)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 ZXJXZNDDNMQXFV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- JXSJBGJIGXNWCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(SP(=S)(OC)OC)C(=O)OCC JXSJBGJIGXNWCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 elcomine orange Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003630 growth substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940051250 hexylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000453 malathion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001069 nematicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005645 nematicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940006093 opthalmologic coloring agent diagnostic Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LKPLKUMXSAEKID-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentachloronitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl LKPLKUMXSAEKID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043267 rhodamine b Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003128 rodenticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020238 sunflower seed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present invention relates generally to new compositions for coating seed comprising, in part, titanium dioxide having an average particle size of from about 0.05 to 3.0 microns and improved methods for coating seeds. The outermost seed coating composition disclosed herein will comprise 5-90 parts agricultural chemical, 0-10 parts colourant and 1-50 parts titanium dioxide. The treatment makes it possible to provide seeds having coatings with increased opacity and brightness.
The present invention relates generally to new compositions for coating seed comprising, in part, titanium dioxide having an average particle size of from about 0.05 to 3.0 microns and improved methods for coating seeds. The outermost seed coating composition disclosed herein will comprise 5-90 parts agricultural chemical, 0-10 parts colourant and 1-50 parts titanium dioxide. The treatment makes it possible to provide seeds having coatings with increased opacity and brightness.
Description
r- ~ç~
IMPROVED COATING FOR SEE~D
.
Field of the Invention The presen~ invention relates generally to new compositions for coating seed comprising, in part, titanium dioxide having an average particle size of from about 0.05 to 3.0 microns and improved methods for coating seeds.
Background of the Invention The applica~ion of coatings to seed is well known in the agricultural arts and the coatings usually incorpor-ate one or more agricultural chemicals as plan~ growth regulators, pesticides, fertilizers and the like. It is preferred that such coatings include a colouring agent, such as a dye, so that an observer can determine that the seeds have been treated. For example, such colouring could prevent seed, which may have coated thereon toxic pesticides or the like~ from being intermixed with seed, e.g., grain or oilseed, which might be ingested or otherwise e~posed to humans or farm animals.
The colouring of coated seed has been found to be advantageous for reasons other than safety. A coloured coating can be used to indicate to the manufacturer and/or consumer the degree of uniformity of the coating applied when uniformity is important, e.g., seeds coated to delay germination. Also, colouring can make the seed ~-~s~
more visible so that the planter can more easily ascer-tain that his equipment is depositing the seed in the ground.
The coloured coatings which are commonly used in S conjunction with seed coatings have usually resulted in a translucent coloured seed coating which, though generally sufficient for distinguishing coated seed from non-coated - seed under close scrutiny, may be too faint for deter-mining the uniformity of coating, to hide seed blemishes or to be clearly visible in contrast to the soil from atop farm machinery. Many seeds have a dark brown or black colour on which translucent coloured coatings show up poorly. Variegated or mottled seeds, such as sunflower seeds, may appear to be unevenly coated if coated with a weakly coloured coating, yet it is important that coated seed have distinct colouring so that there is no mistaking the presence of foreign substances thereon.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide seeds having coatings with increased opacity and brightness.
Additionally, the coloured coatings should adhere to the seeds during shipping and storage.
U.S. Patent No. 4,368,591, which issued January 18, 1983 to Barke et al, discloses the use of a seed coating containing titanium dioxide (TiO2) having an average particle size of from greater than 10 microns to less than 8~ microns.
~ 5 Summary of the Invention It has now been found that compositions containing agricultural chemical, optionally a colourant and titanium dioxide with an average particle size of from about 0.05 ~o 3 microns provide bright~ highly visible coatings on seeds.
Detailed Description of the Invention This invention relates to the discovery that seed may be treated more effec~ively than those of the . .
prior art by using coating compositions containing the following basic components (percent by weight based on the total co~ting weight): agricultural chemical from about 5 to 90%; colourant from about 0 to 10%; and titanium dioxide from about 1 to 50% with an average particle size in microns of from about 0.05 to 3.
Preferably, the agricultural chemical should be present from about 25 to 80 weight percent based on the total coating composition; the colourant from about 0.1 to percent and the titanium dioxide from about 2 to 25 ~percent with an average titanium dioxide particle size in microns of from about 0.1 to 1Ø The most preferred coating compositions contain rom about 50 to 75% agri-cultural chemical; from about 0.5 to 2.5~ colourant and from about 3% to 10% titanium dioxide (all of the fore-going in percent weight based on t~e total seed coating composition) with the titanium dioxide average particle size being from about 0.15 to 0.3 microns.
~ 4~ 3 The pesticides commonly used for the protection of seed include fungicides, insecticides, nematocides, miticides, rodenticides and the like.
Typical pesticides applicable to seeds in the compositions of this invention include thiram, carba-thiin, pentachloronitrobenzene; malathion, methoxychlor, captan and lindane.
Suitable colourants, i.e., dyes and pigments, for this invention include rhodamine B, methyl violet, phthalo blu~, malachite green, elcomine orange, auramine yellow, rubine toner and others. Titanium dioxide, either in its rutile or anatase form, has the tendency to enhance the intensity of such colourants.
The titanium dioxide may be employed either alone or in combination with kaolin clay, calcium carbonate, or other fillers provided that an opacity rating of 30 or less is maintained as measured by a Black and White Pfund Cryptometer (trademark of Pacific Scientific) Model No.
CR-3301 utilizing a 0.007 wedge constant (Model No.
CR-3303) using a 50% by weight suspension of the composi-tions of this invention in water. It is essential that the average particle size of the titanium dioxide does not exceed 3 microns otherwise the beneficial Rffects of these compositions may be unattainable.
Any manner known in the art can be used to apply the compositions of this invention to the seed. Preferably~
howev~r, the compositions are prepared and applied as aqueous dispersions.
Suitable wetting and dispersing agents include DAXAD
(trademark) 30, SPONTO (trademark) 500 T, 934 and 168 D, WITCOLATE (trademark~ 1075 X, PETRO MORWET (trademark) EFW and D425 and many others.
In addition to dispersing agents, thickening agents may be included in the compositions in amounts sufficient to adjust the viscosity for suspension stability.
Thickening agents include attapulgite clay, methyl cellulose, fumed silica and others.
Certain colouring agents may have a tendency to . .
destabilize seed coating compositions. In order to overcome such instability it is helpful to add solvents such as polyols, especially ethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol and glycerol.
After the aqueous dispersion has been appli~d to the seed, the water is caused to evaporate leaving the coating compositions of this invention. More preferably, these suspensions are prepared at concentra~ions of from about 5 to about 90 percent of the composition based on the total suspension of composition and water.
The titanium dioxide in these compositions adheres well to most seeds, but for some seeds, particularly those with a waxy coating or for applications where it is expected that the seed will be subjected to rough ship-ping and handling, it is advantageous to include in thecoating compositions oils in sufficient quantity-to increase the adherence to the seed, but not decrease the opacity of the titanium dioxide.
When applying the coating composition to the seed, the essential coating components should be present in amounts described as follows (in grams of component per one kilogram of seed). The agricultural chemical should be present from about 0.01 to 50, preferably from 0.03 to 30 and most preferably from 0.05 to 20 grams. The colourant should be present from about 0 to 10; preferably from 0.005 to 1 and most preferably from 0.01 to 0.6 grams and the titanium dioxide should be present from about 0.2 to 10; preferably from 0.5 to 5; and most preferably from 0.75 to 2.5 grams all of the foregoing per kilogram of seed.
The following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended as a limitation on the scope thereof.
A number of coating compositions were prepared with a Bantam (trademark) Mikro Pulverizer Model SH using the ingredients and amounts set forth in Table I tall in parts by weight).
. :
~ _,7~
TABLE I
Composition No. _ 2 A B 3 4 Agricultural Chemical I I I II II II
Agricultural Chemical, parts 78 78 78 10 10 10 Colourant I I I II II
Colourant, parts 2 0.2 2 10 10 TiO2 (0.2 micron), parts 15 15 - - 37.5 37.5 TiO2 (9-0 micron3, parts - - 15 Kaolin, parts - 1.8 - 7537.5 47.5 Surfactants, parts 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.83.8 3.8 Fumed Silica, parts 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.20O2 0.2 Mineral Oil, parts 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.01.0 1.0 Remarks:
Agricultural Chemical I: Lindane, insecticide Agricultural Chemical II: Thiram, fungicide Colourant I: Malachite green 20 Colourant II: Rubine toner 2BO
Surfactants: Petro Morwet D-425 (2.8 pts) Petro Morwe~ EFW ~l pt) The above compositions were tested on the Pfund Cryptometer afore described as 50% suspensions in water ~or the purpose of determining their opacity. The results are listed in Table II (compositions A and B are outside of this invention).
TABLE II
99~-5L~ CJ~ 2 A B 3 4 Cryptometer:
50% suspension 24 22 50 33 12 ~l Compositions 1 and 2 provided highly contrasting and light reflecting coatings as compared to that realized by composition A. Similarly, composition 3 exhibited superior visual coating as compared to composition B.
The seeds coated with composition 4 (without colourant) similarly exhibited superior visual properties as com-pared to that realized by co~positions A and B, EXAMPLE _ Rapeseed was treated at an application rate of 3.0 grams per kilogram of seed with Composition Nos, 1 and 2 and Composition Nos. 3 and 4 corresponding to an effec-tive amount of titanium dioxide of 0.45 and 1.125 grams per kilogram respectively.
The cpacity of the coatings was determined by visual examination using Composition A which is similar to the _9 _ composition disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,368,591 as the standard.
The intensity of the coatings of this invention rendered them significantly more opaque than the coatings realized by the Composition A control.
The data clearly demonstrate that the compositions of this invention employing titanium dioxide having an average particle size of 3 microns or less provide an unexpected improvement in coating efficiency over coating compositions not containing titanium dioxide or titanium dioxide having an average particle size of 9.0 microns or greater as essentially taught by U.S. Patent 4,368,591.
IMPROVED COATING FOR SEE~D
.
Field of the Invention The presen~ invention relates generally to new compositions for coating seed comprising, in part, titanium dioxide having an average particle size of from about 0.05 to 3.0 microns and improved methods for coating seeds.
Background of the Invention The applica~ion of coatings to seed is well known in the agricultural arts and the coatings usually incorpor-ate one or more agricultural chemicals as plan~ growth regulators, pesticides, fertilizers and the like. It is preferred that such coatings include a colouring agent, such as a dye, so that an observer can determine that the seeds have been treated. For example, such colouring could prevent seed, which may have coated thereon toxic pesticides or the like~ from being intermixed with seed, e.g., grain or oilseed, which might be ingested or otherwise e~posed to humans or farm animals.
The colouring of coated seed has been found to be advantageous for reasons other than safety. A coloured coating can be used to indicate to the manufacturer and/or consumer the degree of uniformity of the coating applied when uniformity is important, e.g., seeds coated to delay germination. Also, colouring can make the seed ~-~s~
more visible so that the planter can more easily ascer-tain that his equipment is depositing the seed in the ground.
The coloured coatings which are commonly used in S conjunction with seed coatings have usually resulted in a translucent coloured seed coating which, though generally sufficient for distinguishing coated seed from non-coated - seed under close scrutiny, may be too faint for deter-mining the uniformity of coating, to hide seed blemishes or to be clearly visible in contrast to the soil from atop farm machinery. Many seeds have a dark brown or black colour on which translucent coloured coatings show up poorly. Variegated or mottled seeds, such as sunflower seeds, may appear to be unevenly coated if coated with a weakly coloured coating, yet it is important that coated seed have distinct colouring so that there is no mistaking the presence of foreign substances thereon.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide seeds having coatings with increased opacity and brightness.
Additionally, the coloured coatings should adhere to the seeds during shipping and storage.
U.S. Patent No. 4,368,591, which issued January 18, 1983 to Barke et al, discloses the use of a seed coating containing titanium dioxide (TiO2) having an average particle size of from greater than 10 microns to less than 8~ microns.
~ 5 Summary of the Invention It has now been found that compositions containing agricultural chemical, optionally a colourant and titanium dioxide with an average particle size of from about 0.05 ~o 3 microns provide bright~ highly visible coatings on seeds.
Detailed Description of the Invention This invention relates to the discovery that seed may be treated more effec~ively than those of the . .
prior art by using coating compositions containing the following basic components (percent by weight based on the total co~ting weight): agricultural chemical from about 5 to 90%; colourant from about 0 to 10%; and titanium dioxide from about 1 to 50% with an average particle size in microns of from about 0.05 to 3.
Preferably, the agricultural chemical should be present from about 25 to 80 weight percent based on the total coating composition; the colourant from about 0.1 to percent and the titanium dioxide from about 2 to 25 ~percent with an average titanium dioxide particle size in microns of from about 0.1 to 1Ø The most preferred coating compositions contain rom about 50 to 75% agri-cultural chemical; from about 0.5 to 2.5~ colourant and from about 3% to 10% titanium dioxide (all of the fore-going in percent weight based on t~e total seed coating composition) with the titanium dioxide average particle size being from about 0.15 to 0.3 microns.
~ 4~ 3 The pesticides commonly used for the protection of seed include fungicides, insecticides, nematocides, miticides, rodenticides and the like.
Typical pesticides applicable to seeds in the compositions of this invention include thiram, carba-thiin, pentachloronitrobenzene; malathion, methoxychlor, captan and lindane.
Suitable colourants, i.e., dyes and pigments, for this invention include rhodamine B, methyl violet, phthalo blu~, malachite green, elcomine orange, auramine yellow, rubine toner and others. Titanium dioxide, either in its rutile or anatase form, has the tendency to enhance the intensity of such colourants.
The titanium dioxide may be employed either alone or in combination with kaolin clay, calcium carbonate, or other fillers provided that an opacity rating of 30 or less is maintained as measured by a Black and White Pfund Cryptometer (trademark of Pacific Scientific) Model No.
CR-3301 utilizing a 0.007 wedge constant (Model No.
CR-3303) using a 50% by weight suspension of the composi-tions of this invention in water. It is essential that the average particle size of the titanium dioxide does not exceed 3 microns otherwise the beneficial Rffects of these compositions may be unattainable.
Any manner known in the art can be used to apply the compositions of this invention to the seed. Preferably~
howev~r, the compositions are prepared and applied as aqueous dispersions.
Suitable wetting and dispersing agents include DAXAD
(trademark) 30, SPONTO (trademark) 500 T, 934 and 168 D, WITCOLATE (trademark~ 1075 X, PETRO MORWET (trademark) EFW and D425 and many others.
In addition to dispersing agents, thickening agents may be included in the compositions in amounts sufficient to adjust the viscosity for suspension stability.
Thickening agents include attapulgite clay, methyl cellulose, fumed silica and others.
Certain colouring agents may have a tendency to . .
destabilize seed coating compositions. In order to overcome such instability it is helpful to add solvents such as polyols, especially ethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol and glycerol.
After the aqueous dispersion has been appli~d to the seed, the water is caused to evaporate leaving the coating compositions of this invention. More preferably, these suspensions are prepared at concentra~ions of from about 5 to about 90 percent of the composition based on the total suspension of composition and water.
The titanium dioxide in these compositions adheres well to most seeds, but for some seeds, particularly those with a waxy coating or for applications where it is expected that the seed will be subjected to rough ship-ping and handling, it is advantageous to include in thecoating compositions oils in sufficient quantity-to increase the adherence to the seed, but not decrease the opacity of the titanium dioxide.
When applying the coating composition to the seed, the essential coating components should be present in amounts described as follows (in grams of component per one kilogram of seed). The agricultural chemical should be present from about 0.01 to 50, preferably from 0.03 to 30 and most preferably from 0.05 to 20 grams. The colourant should be present from about 0 to 10; preferably from 0.005 to 1 and most preferably from 0.01 to 0.6 grams and the titanium dioxide should be present from about 0.2 to 10; preferably from 0.5 to 5; and most preferably from 0.75 to 2.5 grams all of the foregoing per kilogram of seed.
The following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended as a limitation on the scope thereof.
A number of coating compositions were prepared with a Bantam (trademark) Mikro Pulverizer Model SH using the ingredients and amounts set forth in Table I tall in parts by weight).
. :
~ _,7~
TABLE I
Composition No. _ 2 A B 3 4 Agricultural Chemical I I I II II II
Agricultural Chemical, parts 78 78 78 10 10 10 Colourant I I I II II
Colourant, parts 2 0.2 2 10 10 TiO2 (0.2 micron), parts 15 15 - - 37.5 37.5 TiO2 (9-0 micron3, parts - - 15 Kaolin, parts - 1.8 - 7537.5 47.5 Surfactants, parts 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.83.8 3.8 Fumed Silica, parts 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.20O2 0.2 Mineral Oil, parts 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.01.0 1.0 Remarks:
Agricultural Chemical I: Lindane, insecticide Agricultural Chemical II: Thiram, fungicide Colourant I: Malachite green 20 Colourant II: Rubine toner 2BO
Surfactants: Petro Morwet D-425 (2.8 pts) Petro Morwe~ EFW ~l pt) The above compositions were tested on the Pfund Cryptometer afore described as 50% suspensions in water ~or the purpose of determining their opacity. The results are listed in Table II (compositions A and B are outside of this invention).
TABLE II
99~-5L~ CJ~ 2 A B 3 4 Cryptometer:
50% suspension 24 22 50 33 12 ~l Compositions 1 and 2 provided highly contrasting and light reflecting coatings as compared to that realized by composition A. Similarly, composition 3 exhibited superior visual coating as compared to composition B.
The seeds coated with composition 4 (without colourant) similarly exhibited superior visual properties as com-pared to that realized by co~positions A and B, EXAMPLE _ Rapeseed was treated at an application rate of 3.0 grams per kilogram of seed with Composition Nos, 1 and 2 and Composition Nos. 3 and 4 corresponding to an effec-tive amount of titanium dioxide of 0.45 and 1.125 grams per kilogram respectively.
The cpacity of the coatings was determined by visual examination using Composition A which is similar to the _9 _ composition disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,368,591 as the standard.
The intensity of the coatings of this invention rendered them significantly more opaque than the coatings realized by the Composition A control.
The data clearly demonstrate that the compositions of this invention employing titanium dioxide having an average particle size of 3 microns or less provide an unexpected improvement in coating efficiency over coating compositions not containing titanium dioxide or titanium dioxide having an average particle size of 9.0 microns or greater as essentially taught by U.S. Patent 4,368,591.
Claims (7)
1. An outermost seed coating composition com-prising, in percent by weight based on the total coating weight, 5-90 percent agricultural chemical, 0-10 per-cent colourant and 1-50 percent titanium dioxide, wherein said titanium dioxide has an average particle size of from 0.05 to 3.0 microns.
2. The outermost seed coating composition of claim 1 wherein said titanium dioxide has an average particle size of from about 0.1 - 1 microns.
3. The outermost seed coating composition of claim 1 wherein said titanium dioxide has an average particle size of from about 0.15 to 0.3 microns.
4. A method for providing an outermost covering having an opacity rating of 30 or less to seed com-prising applying to such seed an effective amount of the coating composition of claim 1.
5. Seed with an outermost covering comprising the coating composition of claim 1.
6. The outermost seed coating of claim 2 wherein the agricultural chemical is present from about 25 to 80 weight percent; the colourant from about 0.1 to 6 weight percent; and the titanium dioxide from about 2 to 25 weight percent, all based on the total coating weight.
7. The outermost seed coating of claim 3 wherein the agricultural chemical is present from about 50 to 75 weight percent; the colourant from about 0.5 to 2.5 weight percent; and titanium dioxide from about 3 to 10 weight percent, all based on the total coating weight.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000480051A CA1251653A (en) | 1985-04-25 | 1985-04-25 | Coating for seed |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000480051A CA1251653A (en) | 1985-04-25 | 1985-04-25 | Coating for seed |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1251653A true CA1251653A (en) | 1989-03-28 |
Family
ID=4130357
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000480051A Expired CA1251653A (en) | 1985-04-25 | 1985-04-25 | Coating for seed |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1251653A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5717129A (en) * | 1995-02-16 | 1998-02-10 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Methods for maintaining sterility in plants |
| EP1103173A1 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2001-05-30 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Solid pigment preparations for colouring seeds and liquid-treated seeds |
| CN102273480A (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2011-12-14 | 李爱华 | Composite seed coating agent containing thiacloprid component |
-
1985
- 1985-04-25 CA CA000480051A patent/CA1251653A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5717129A (en) * | 1995-02-16 | 1998-02-10 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Methods for maintaining sterility in plants |
| EP1103173A1 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2001-05-30 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Solid pigment preparations for colouring seeds and liquid-treated seeds |
| US6646023B1 (en) | 1999-11-12 | 2003-11-11 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Solid pigment preparation for coloring seed/seed-dressing materials |
| CN102273480A (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2011-12-14 | 李爱华 | Composite seed coating agent containing thiacloprid component |
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