CA1135099A - Manufacture of absorbent paper products - Google Patents
Manufacture of absorbent paper productsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1135099A CA1135099A CA000359249A CA359249A CA1135099A CA 1135099 A CA1135099 A CA 1135099A CA 000359249 A CA000359249 A CA 000359249A CA 359249 A CA359249 A CA 359249A CA 1135099 A CA1135099 A CA 1135099A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- web
- creping
- paper
- wet
- dry
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/025—Preparation or purification of gas mixtures for ammonia synthesis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/002—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal in combination with oil conversion- or refining processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/006—Combinations of processes provided in groups C10G1/02 - C10G1/08
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Machines For Manufacturing Corrugated Board In Mechanical Paper-Making Processes (AREA)
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
Hitherto, paper webs for absorbent paper products have been creped either when wet which gives the web bulk but results in a stiff and uncomfortable hand, or when dry, which creates a softer web but one lacking in bulk and absorbency. The process of the invention includes the steps of creping the web when wet, subsequently drying the web and then re-creping the previously wet creped web, in a dry state. This produces a web which is both bulky and soft.
Hitherto, paper webs for absorbent paper products have been creped either when wet which gives the web bulk but results in a stiff and uncomfortable hand, or when dry, which creates a softer web but one lacking in bulk and absorbency. The process of the invention includes the steps of creping the web when wet, subsequently drying the web and then re-creping the previously wet creped web, in a dry state. This produces a web which is both bulky and soft.
Description
- ~13S~
2( This invention relates to the manufacture of absorbent paper products and in particular to such products which are intended to be used for drying or wiping, e.g~ paper hand towels.
It is desirable for such paper products to be both bulky and relatively soft and ahsorbent whilst retaining sufficient strength for the intended use. Hand towels can be made of high quality cellulose wadding in multiple plies but this is a relatively expensive product and the general object of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for softening and bulkingJheavier paper materlal, e.g. that having a finished basis weight of, for example, from 3~ gm/m2 to 60 gm/m2.
It has been proposed to treat paper webs intended for such a product, by creping, to give the web additional bulk.
However, if the creping is done when the web is wet, the fibre bonds that are created as the web is dried~will result in paper which although retaining good bulk, is stiff and uncomfortable to the hands. If the web is creped when dry, the sheet will be softer but lacking in bulk, especially since when the sheet is subsequently wetted, the crepe in effect "falls out" resulting in a product having low wet bulk and low absorbency.
A process for treating a paper web in accordance wi~h this invention wherein the web has previously been creped when wet and subsequently dried, comprises re-creping the creped - web in a dry state.
:
~i , ~ ' .. .. .,, . .. , . . .. , . ~ , . _ _ 1~35~
.
)3 Such a process enables the bulk of the web to be increased by "wet" creping, the subsequent drying creating fibre bonds which stabilise the sheet structure. The softness of the web is enhanced by the dry creping without and absorbency causing loss of the bulk/created by the wet creping~.~d -~b~ n~
The dry creping step may be carried out by any known paper making apparatus and/or method, for example, the so-called "Micrex" apparatus, forming the subject inter alia of British Patent Specifications ~os. 1,032,083; 1,127,066;
1,364,601 and 1,364,602. Alternatively, the sheet can be dry creped by means of a doctor blade acting on a creping drum. In the latter case, adhesive is preferably applied either to one side of the web of material immediately prior to, or, at its point of contact with the drum, or adhesive may be applied to the drum surface before it is contacted - by the web.
The adhesive is preferably applied to the web and/or drum in random but regular fashion, e.g. by spraying or by use of a plain applicator roll.
The method of the invention may either be carried out as part of an "in-line" paper making operation where it forms an in~egral part of a paper machine or as an "off-line"
opera~ion using previously wet creped paper as the input material to an independent machine for performing the dry 1~3s~9 )4 creping operation.
When the method is carried out as part of a normal "in-line" paper making operation, the first "wet" creping step takes place when the paper web has a moisture content of above 50%, preferably in the range of 60 to 65%.
Wet creping of a paper web is normally carried out on a press roll immediately following formation of the web --on the paper machine wire without any intermediate drying process employing heat. At this stage the web moisture is usually between 60 and 65% and the web is in a very plastic condition. This has the advantage over other methods of creping, in that when the creped web has been dried the web structure becomes fully bonded and stable, so that the voids created by the creping operation are retained, the web has good strengthj bulk and absorbency characteristics, and much of the bulk is retained even when the web is rewetted in use, for example, when drying hands as a hand towel.
; In addition, the equipment needed for a wet creping process is relatively simple and economical compared with the processes of dry creping or semi-creping, in which the ~ sheet is first dried either completely or partially by means - drying of a large steam heated/cylindersometlmes called a Yankee cylinder. In addition, such à wet creping process is relatively insensitive to the use of low grade recycled fibres unlike other methods of creping which require very 113S~9 )5 well cleaned recycled fibres of high quality and cost.
However, a wet creped web despite the advantages -j of strength and bulk is nevertheless very stiff and hard.
The bonding of the web which takes place in the drying process also reduces the web flexibility and extensibility. Attempts have been made to overcome this hardness and stiffness by embossing. Whilst embossing can produce some degree of improvement, it requires extensibility in the base web, otherwise it may be readily perfoxated or weakened.
The advantage of this invention is that it utilises the fundamental advantages of a wet creped web whilst improving the softness, feel and extensibility characteristics by means of re-creping the web in a dry state.
The web is substantially dried after the first wet creping step,e.g. until the web is from about 80% to 95%
dry, so as properly to set the crepe. The drying step may be carried out by a normal drying process, e.g. steam heated drying cylinders or with hot air using minimum compaction.
The sheet may be embossed after the second "dry" creping step.
It is believed that the step of "wet" creping creates a roughened corrugated sheet with some internal splitting apart of the fibre structure. Fibres when dried are set in their positions relative to one another due to the formation of hydrogen bonds. Such bonds are not formed )6 during dry creping as they requlre the presence of molsture.
The subsequent dry creping then produces a pleated or "broken"
crepe to produce a soft web.
The process is particularly useful for fairly coarse paper web material, e.g. that having a basis weight of 40 gm/m2 to 60 gm/m2 although sheets outside this range can be used. For example, if the web is to be used for a kitchen towel, the basis weight can be 30 gm/m2.
The invention will now be further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-Figure 1 is a diagram of one form of paper making machine adapted to carry out the method of the invention, and Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view of an "off-line"
apparatus for carrying out the method of the invention.
Referring to Figure l, the apparatus includes a head box 2 feeding stock onto a normal wire 4 from which the web of wet paper passes through a standard press 6. The paper web 8 leaving the press is still at a relatively high moisture percentage, e.g. 60 to 65% and is then fed around a creping drum 10 which may be one of the press rolls, against which a doctor blade 12 is applied so as to wet crepe the paper web as diagrammatically indicated at 14.
The creped paper web 14 is then fed into the standard drying section, generally indicated at 16, of the paper making machine at which the web is wound around a number of steam ~ ...... __ ._.. _.... ... . ............. . . ................. .. .. . ...
. .. ~
11~50~ , ~
heated cylinders (only some of which are shown in the drawings) to dry the web to a dryness of about 95~.
The dry web emerges from the dryer and then passes -around a guide roll 18 and onto the surface o a creping drum 20. Adhesive is sprayed, by means of a spray nozzle 22, onto the surface of the drum 20 immediately prior to the nip between the rolls 18 and 20 so that the dry web is caused to adhere to the surface of the drum 20. The adhesive is applied in a random fashion by the spray and and any convenient known type of adhesive may be used.
The creping drum is heated so as to set the adhesive as the web is carried around the roll 18 to a doctor blade 24 acting on the periphery of the drum.
The "dry" creping step is then carried out by the doctor blade 24 which dry crepes the paper web which has already been "wet" creped. The fully creped web product may then be fed between a pair of smoothing rollers 26 to a take-up roll 28.
The invention is also applicable to an "off-line"
apparatus as illustrated in Figure 2 in which an input roll 40 of paper material which has already been "wet" creped and subsequently dried, is fed around the periphery of a guide roll 42 into the nip between that roll and creping drum 44, adhesive being sprayed onto the periphery of the drum through a nozzle 46 immediately prior to the nip ; ' 113SO99 -~
..
)8 ~: J~, ....
between the rolls 42 and 44. The "wet" creped paper 15 ~;` then dry creped from the periphery of the drum 44 by means ; of a doctor blade 48 and the double creped web illustrated at 50 is then wound onto a take-up roll in a standard fashion.
As a further example of an "off-line" process, the dry creping step can be carried out using the "Micrex"
apparatus.
As a specific example, a web of paper material having 10 a basis weight of between 43 gm/m2 and 44 gm/m2 is first wet creped to give 5% to 6% stretch. The wet bulk is then about 0.08. After secondary dry creping, the stretch is increased to 14 to 17%,the basis weight to 47 to 50 gm/m2.
~ The dry bulk is 0.12 to 0.15~ The bulk when wet is 0.079 ; 15 to 0.085.
; As a comparison a similar sheet web having a basis ,. .
weight of 43 gm/m and which has not been wet creped but only dry creped has a finished basis weight of 49 gm/m2, 14 to 15% stretch and a dry bulk of 0.085 and a wet bulk 20 of 0.062 to 0.066.
It will be appreciated that instead of applying adhesive to the creping drum by spraying, the adhesive could be applied directly to the web whilst on the rolls 18, 42 or the adhesive could be applied to the surface of 25 the drums 20, 44 or indeed on the roll 18 by means of a . ~
~'`'';
~.
, .
.
ll3sass -,~
)9 plain applicator roll, the plain surface of which has been provlded with adhesive posslbly by dipping lnto a tank.
~ .
It is desirable for such paper products to be both bulky and relatively soft and ahsorbent whilst retaining sufficient strength for the intended use. Hand towels can be made of high quality cellulose wadding in multiple plies but this is a relatively expensive product and the general object of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for softening and bulkingJheavier paper materlal, e.g. that having a finished basis weight of, for example, from 3~ gm/m2 to 60 gm/m2.
It has been proposed to treat paper webs intended for such a product, by creping, to give the web additional bulk.
However, if the creping is done when the web is wet, the fibre bonds that are created as the web is dried~will result in paper which although retaining good bulk, is stiff and uncomfortable to the hands. If the web is creped when dry, the sheet will be softer but lacking in bulk, especially since when the sheet is subsequently wetted, the crepe in effect "falls out" resulting in a product having low wet bulk and low absorbency.
A process for treating a paper web in accordance wi~h this invention wherein the web has previously been creped when wet and subsequently dried, comprises re-creping the creped - web in a dry state.
:
~i , ~ ' .. .. .,, . .. , . . .. , . ~ , . _ _ 1~35~
.
)3 Such a process enables the bulk of the web to be increased by "wet" creping, the subsequent drying creating fibre bonds which stabilise the sheet structure. The softness of the web is enhanced by the dry creping without and absorbency causing loss of the bulk/created by the wet creping~.~d -~b~ n~
The dry creping step may be carried out by any known paper making apparatus and/or method, for example, the so-called "Micrex" apparatus, forming the subject inter alia of British Patent Specifications ~os. 1,032,083; 1,127,066;
1,364,601 and 1,364,602. Alternatively, the sheet can be dry creped by means of a doctor blade acting on a creping drum. In the latter case, adhesive is preferably applied either to one side of the web of material immediately prior to, or, at its point of contact with the drum, or adhesive may be applied to the drum surface before it is contacted - by the web.
The adhesive is preferably applied to the web and/or drum in random but regular fashion, e.g. by spraying or by use of a plain applicator roll.
The method of the invention may either be carried out as part of an "in-line" paper making operation where it forms an in~egral part of a paper machine or as an "off-line"
opera~ion using previously wet creped paper as the input material to an independent machine for performing the dry 1~3s~9 )4 creping operation.
When the method is carried out as part of a normal "in-line" paper making operation, the first "wet" creping step takes place when the paper web has a moisture content of above 50%, preferably in the range of 60 to 65%.
Wet creping of a paper web is normally carried out on a press roll immediately following formation of the web --on the paper machine wire without any intermediate drying process employing heat. At this stage the web moisture is usually between 60 and 65% and the web is in a very plastic condition. This has the advantage over other methods of creping, in that when the creped web has been dried the web structure becomes fully bonded and stable, so that the voids created by the creping operation are retained, the web has good strengthj bulk and absorbency characteristics, and much of the bulk is retained even when the web is rewetted in use, for example, when drying hands as a hand towel.
; In addition, the equipment needed for a wet creping process is relatively simple and economical compared with the processes of dry creping or semi-creping, in which the ~ sheet is first dried either completely or partially by means - drying of a large steam heated/cylindersometlmes called a Yankee cylinder. In addition, such à wet creping process is relatively insensitive to the use of low grade recycled fibres unlike other methods of creping which require very 113S~9 )5 well cleaned recycled fibres of high quality and cost.
However, a wet creped web despite the advantages -j of strength and bulk is nevertheless very stiff and hard.
The bonding of the web which takes place in the drying process also reduces the web flexibility and extensibility. Attempts have been made to overcome this hardness and stiffness by embossing. Whilst embossing can produce some degree of improvement, it requires extensibility in the base web, otherwise it may be readily perfoxated or weakened.
The advantage of this invention is that it utilises the fundamental advantages of a wet creped web whilst improving the softness, feel and extensibility characteristics by means of re-creping the web in a dry state.
The web is substantially dried after the first wet creping step,e.g. until the web is from about 80% to 95%
dry, so as properly to set the crepe. The drying step may be carried out by a normal drying process, e.g. steam heated drying cylinders or with hot air using minimum compaction.
The sheet may be embossed after the second "dry" creping step.
It is believed that the step of "wet" creping creates a roughened corrugated sheet with some internal splitting apart of the fibre structure. Fibres when dried are set in their positions relative to one another due to the formation of hydrogen bonds. Such bonds are not formed )6 during dry creping as they requlre the presence of molsture.
The subsequent dry creping then produces a pleated or "broken"
crepe to produce a soft web.
The process is particularly useful for fairly coarse paper web material, e.g. that having a basis weight of 40 gm/m2 to 60 gm/m2 although sheets outside this range can be used. For example, if the web is to be used for a kitchen towel, the basis weight can be 30 gm/m2.
The invention will now be further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-Figure 1 is a diagram of one form of paper making machine adapted to carry out the method of the invention, and Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view of an "off-line"
apparatus for carrying out the method of the invention.
Referring to Figure l, the apparatus includes a head box 2 feeding stock onto a normal wire 4 from which the web of wet paper passes through a standard press 6. The paper web 8 leaving the press is still at a relatively high moisture percentage, e.g. 60 to 65% and is then fed around a creping drum 10 which may be one of the press rolls, against which a doctor blade 12 is applied so as to wet crepe the paper web as diagrammatically indicated at 14.
The creped paper web 14 is then fed into the standard drying section, generally indicated at 16, of the paper making machine at which the web is wound around a number of steam ~ ...... __ ._.. _.... ... . ............. . . ................. .. .. . ...
. .. ~
11~50~ , ~
heated cylinders (only some of which are shown in the drawings) to dry the web to a dryness of about 95~.
The dry web emerges from the dryer and then passes -around a guide roll 18 and onto the surface o a creping drum 20. Adhesive is sprayed, by means of a spray nozzle 22, onto the surface of the drum 20 immediately prior to the nip between the rolls 18 and 20 so that the dry web is caused to adhere to the surface of the drum 20. The adhesive is applied in a random fashion by the spray and and any convenient known type of adhesive may be used.
The creping drum is heated so as to set the adhesive as the web is carried around the roll 18 to a doctor blade 24 acting on the periphery of the drum.
The "dry" creping step is then carried out by the doctor blade 24 which dry crepes the paper web which has already been "wet" creped. The fully creped web product may then be fed between a pair of smoothing rollers 26 to a take-up roll 28.
The invention is also applicable to an "off-line"
apparatus as illustrated in Figure 2 in which an input roll 40 of paper material which has already been "wet" creped and subsequently dried, is fed around the periphery of a guide roll 42 into the nip between that roll and creping drum 44, adhesive being sprayed onto the periphery of the drum through a nozzle 46 immediately prior to the nip ; ' 113SO99 -~
..
)8 ~: J~, ....
between the rolls 42 and 44. The "wet" creped paper 15 ~;` then dry creped from the periphery of the drum 44 by means ; of a doctor blade 48 and the double creped web illustrated at 50 is then wound onto a take-up roll in a standard fashion.
As a further example of an "off-line" process, the dry creping step can be carried out using the "Micrex"
apparatus.
As a specific example, a web of paper material having 10 a basis weight of between 43 gm/m2 and 44 gm/m2 is first wet creped to give 5% to 6% stretch. The wet bulk is then about 0.08. After secondary dry creping, the stretch is increased to 14 to 17%,the basis weight to 47 to 50 gm/m2.
~ The dry bulk is 0.12 to 0.15~ The bulk when wet is 0.079 ; 15 to 0.085.
; As a comparison a similar sheet web having a basis ,. .
weight of 43 gm/m and which has not been wet creped but only dry creped has a finished basis weight of 49 gm/m2, 14 to 15% stretch and a dry bulk of 0.085 and a wet bulk 20 of 0.062 to 0.066.
It will be appreciated that instead of applying adhesive to the creping drum by spraying, the adhesive could be applied directly to the web whilst on the rolls 18, 42 or the adhesive could be applied to the surface of 25 the drums 20, 44 or indeed on the roll 18 by means of a . ~
~'`'';
~.
, .
.
ll3sass -,~
)9 plain applicator roll, the plain surface of which has been provlded with adhesive posslbly by dipping lnto a tank.
~ .
Claims (12)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A process for manufacturing an absorbent paper product comprising forming a paper web, creping the web whilst it has a moisture content of above 50%, drying the creped web until it is at least 80% dry so as to set the crepe, and re-creping the web whilst in its dry state to produce a product having a finished basis weight of from 30 gm/m2 to 60 gm/m2.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the steps of forming the web, wet creping, drying and re-creping, take place as part of an integral paper making operation on a single apparatus.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the web is produced, and the wet creping operation carried out on a first paper making apparatus, the web is then dried and subsequently re-creped on a second separate apparatus.
4. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the dry re-creping is carried out by a "doctor" blade acting as a creping drum, adhesive being applied to stick the web to the drum prior to creping by the blade.
5. A process as claimed in claim 4 in which the adhesive is applied to the surface of the web and/or drum in a random distribution.
6. A process as claimed in claim 5 wherein the adhesive is applied to the surface of the drum through a spray nozzle.
7. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the "wet"
creping takes place when the web has a moisture content of from 60% to 65%.
creping takes place when the web has a moisture content of from 60% to 65%.
8. A process as claimed in claim 7 wherein the web is dried subsequently to the wet creping to a dryness of from 80% to 95%.
9. A process for manufacturing an absorbent paper product comprising:
forming a paper web;
creping the web at a time it has sufficient moisture content to be plastic;
drying the creped web until it has lost its plasticity, and re-creping the web while in the last mentioned state.
forming a paper web;
creping the web at a time it has sufficient moisture content to be plastic;
drying the creped web until it has lost its plasticity, and re-creping the web while in the last mentioned state.
10. The process according to claim 9 wherein the paper web in the plastic state has a moisture content of greater than approximately 50 percent.
11. The process according to claim 9 wherein the paper web in the plastic state has a moisture content of greater than approximately 60-65 percent.
12. A process for manufacturing an absorbent paper product comprising forming a paper web;
creping the paper web while it is still sufficiently moist to form substantial numbers of hydrogen bonds in the paper after creping;
drying the paper, and creping the paper after drying.
creping the paper web while it is still sufficiently moist to form substantial numbers of hydrogen bonds in the paper after creping;
drying the paper, and creping the paper after drying.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7929958 | 1979-08-29 | ||
| GB7929958 | 1979-08-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1135099A true CA1135099A (en) | 1982-11-09 |
Family
ID=10507482
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000359249A Expired CA1135099A (en) | 1979-08-29 | 1980-08-29 | Manufacture of absorbent paper products |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5640539A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU531485B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1135099A (en) |
| MX (1) | MX156404A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA805269B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4651227A (en) * | 1982-08-20 | 1987-03-17 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Video signal recording apparatus with A/D conversion |
| JPS6327239A (en) * | 1986-07-18 | 1988-02-04 | 新王子製紙株式会社 | Manufacture of crepe paper |
| JPH01228282A (en) * | 1988-03-08 | 1989-09-12 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Video signal recording and reproducing device |
| JP2705438B2 (en) * | 1992-02-21 | 1998-01-28 | 王子製紙株式会社 | Crepe paper manufacturing method |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1504374A (en) * | 1974-06-21 | 1978-03-22 | Kimberly Clark Co | Creped laminar tissue and process and machine for the manufacture thereof |
-
1980
- 1980-08-26 ZA ZA00805269A patent/ZA805269B/en unknown
- 1980-08-28 AU AU61845/80A patent/AU531485B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1980-08-29 JP JP12057380A patent/JPS5640539A/en active Pending
- 1980-08-29 CA CA000359249A patent/CA1135099A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-08-29 MX MX183763A patent/MX156404A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA805269B (en) | 1981-08-26 |
| AU6184580A (en) | 1981-03-05 |
| MX156404A (en) | 1988-08-19 |
| AU531485B2 (en) | 1983-08-25 |
| JPS5640539A (en) | 1981-04-16 |
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