CA1178003A - Process for sizing textile materials - Google Patents
Process for sizing textile materialsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1178003A CA1178003A CA000401465A CA401465A CA1178003A CA 1178003 A CA1178003 A CA 1178003A CA 000401465 A CA000401465 A CA 000401465A CA 401465 A CA401465 A CA 401465A CA 1178003 A CA1178003 A CA 1178003A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- composition
- grams
- copolymer
- acrylamide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 alkyl methacrylate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940117913 acrylamide Drugs 0.000 claims 4
- SNVLJLYUUXKWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidenecarbene Chemical compound C=[C] SNVLJLYUUXKWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 10
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 8
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 229940001584 sodium metabisulfite Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940031098 ethanolamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 2
- BHMLFPOTZYRDKA-IRXDYDNUSA-N (2s)-2-[(s)-(2-iodophenoxy)-phenylmethyl]morpholine Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC=C1O[C@@H](C=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@H]1OCCNC1 BHMLFPOTZYRDKA-IRXDYDNUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKYRAXWYDRHWOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-hydroxydodecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C NKYRAXWYDRHWOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGVVEUNHYMQQPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-methoxydodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound COCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C OGVVEUNHYMQQPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UDELLVVWDCMVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 14-(dimethylamino)-2-methylidenetetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CN(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCC(=C)C(O)=O UDELLVVWDCMVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJIXRGNQPBQWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(diethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SJIXRGNQPBQWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPBJAVGHACCNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C=C DPBJAVGHACCNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOQXJLWJCHWBBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(ethylamino)octyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(NCC)COC(=O)C=C WOQXJLWJCHWBBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEWCNXNIQCLWHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(tert-butylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCNC(C)(C)C BEWCNXNIQCLWHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFCUBKYHMMPGBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound COCCOC(=O)C=C HFCUBKYHMMPGBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000521257 Hydrops Species 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010030113 Oedema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940048053 acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001485 poly(butyl acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002348 vinylic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/285—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acid amides or imides
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
Process for Sizing Textile Yarns This invention relates to a process for sizing textile yarns by treatment with copolymers, and/or multi-polymers, of acrylamide, and to the products thereby ob-tained.
Description
2~ 45 ~ ~780~33 Process for Sizing Textile Yarns In accordance with the invention, there is provided a process for sizing textile yarns by treatment of the same with copolymers, segmented copolymers, and/or multipolymers, of acrylamide, and at least one polymeriz-able monomer of formula (I) R2 o H2C=C- c_o~
wherein Rl represents hydrogen, Cl-Clg alkyl, or substi-tuted Cl-Clg alkyl wherein the substituents are hydroxy, Cl-Cg alkoxy, Cl-Cg alkylamino, or di(Cl-Cg alkyl)amino, and R2 represents Cl-C4 alkyl and hydrogen.
In accordance with the invention, there are also obtained abrasion-resistant products obtained by the sizing process of the invention.
The use of homopolymers of acrylamide as sizing ager.ts for warp yarns, to prevent breaking of the yarn during weaving, is well-known. They perform only slightly better than starch, a commonly employed textile size that imparts only minor protection to fibers durin~ weaving.
The moderate performance of polyacrylamide and starch is due to the brittleness of their films on the fiber.
Although random copolymers of acrylamide and other vinyl, or vinylidene monomers have also been used as sizes for warp yarns, almost invariably the acrylamide they contain is a minor component of the copolymer. Con-sequently, such sizes are, therefore, often water-in-soluble and difficult to desize.
~ ~78~3 The use of a random copolymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid, containing a minor amount of acrylic acid monomer, as a sizing agent, is disclosed by Petrov et al (see Chem. Abstracts 90:105488b). However, these sizes bave two components that are both polar and hydrop~ilic, whereas the sizes of this invention involve at least one hydrophobic and less polar component that can alter the properties of the product such as lubricity, adhesion, and film flexibility~
In the preparation of random copolymers of acrylamide, acrylamide and the comonomer, or ccmonomers, are well-mixed in a reaction vessel before initiating polymerization.
In the preparation of segmented copolymers, structures ln the form of grafts or blocks are achieved by the sequential addition of the monomers as the poly-merization progresses.
The segmented copolymers of the invention which may be a graft or a block copolymer, or a mixture of 20 both, generally produce more flexible films, especially at low relative humidities, and impart better abrasion resistance to warp yarns than random copolymers, or a mixture of a random copolymer and homopolymers having an identical monomer composition as the segmented copolymer.
25 For example, a blended mixture of a random copolymer of acrylamide and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, poly(n-butyl acryl-ate), and polyacrylamide does not perform as well as a segmented copolymer, having an identical monomer compo-sition, in terms of both film flexibility and abrasion 30 resistance.
Other advantages of segmented copolymers are as follows:
~ ~7 ~ 3 1. They impart better yarn-to-yarn and yarn-to-metal abrasion resis-tance for yarns than starch, or polyacrylamide sizes.
2. They can be applied from more con-centrated solutions ~han starch.
This permits an application with less water, thus saving drying time and energy.
wherein Rl represents hydrogen, Cl-Clg alkyl, or substi-tuted Cl-Clg alkyl wherein the substituents are hydroxy, Cl-Cg alkoxy, Cl-Cg alkylamino, or di(Cl-Cg alkyl)amino, and R2 represents Cl-C4 alkyl and hydrogen.
In accordance with the invention, there are also obtained abrasion-resistant products obtained by the sizing process of the invention.
The use of homopolymers of acrylamide as sizing ager.ts for warp yarns, to prevent breaking of the yarn during weaving, is well-known. They perform only slightly better than starch, a commonly employed textile size that imparts only minor protection to fibers durin~ weaving.
The moderate performance of polyacrylamide and starch is due to the brittleness of their films on the fiber.
Although random copolymers of acrylamide and other vinyl, or vinylidene monomers have also been used as sizes for warp yarns, almost invariably the acrylamide they contain is a minor component of the copolymer. Con-sequently, such sizes are, therefore, often water-in-soluble and difficult to desize.
~ ~78~3 The use of a random copolymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid, containing a minor amount of acrylic acid monomer, as a sizing agent, is disclosed by Petrov et al (see Chem. Abstracts 90:105488b). However, these sizes bave two components that are both polar and hydrop~ilic, whereas the sizes of this invention involve at least one hydrophobic and less polar component that can alter the properties of the product such as lubricity, adhesion, and film flexibility~
In the preparation of random copolymers of acrylamide, acrylamide and the comonomer, or ccmonomers, are well-mixed in a reaction vessel before initiating polymerization.
In the preparation of segmented copolymers, structures ln the form of grafts or blocks are achieved by the sequential addition of the monomers as the poly-merization progresses.
The segmented copolymers of the invention which may be a graft or a block copolymer, or a mixture of 20 both, generally produce more flexible films, especially at low relative humidities, and impart better abrasion resistance to warp yarns than random copolymers, or a mixture of a random copolymer and homopolymers having an identical monomer composition as the segmented copolymer.
25 For example, a blended mixture of a random copolymer of acrylamide and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, poly(n-butyl acryl-ate), and polyacrylamide does not perform as well as a segmented copolymer, having an identical monomer compo-sition, in terms of both film flexibility and abrasion 30 resistance.
Other advantages of segmented copolymers are as follows:
~ ~7 ~ 3 1. They impart better yarn-to-yarn and yarn-to-metal abrasion resis-tance for yarns than starch, or polyacrylamide sizes.
2. They can be applied from more con-centrated solutions ~han starch.
This permits an application with less water, thus saving drying time and energy.
3. The pad baths are more easily pre-pared because of the high solubility of the size in water.
4. The application solutions are stable, and do not retrograde like those containing starch.
5. The polymeric sizing agent is readily removed from the textile substrate by rinsing with cold water.
6. The treated yarns do not have any dry splitting difficulty during slashing.
In preparing the composition to be applied in the segmented copolymer process of this invention, 30-99%
by weight of acrylamide, and about 0-20% by weight of a polymerizable monomer of formula (I), or mixture of these monomers, is polymerized randomly in an aqueous medium, under an inert atmosphere, in the presence of a surface-active agent and a catalytic amount of a free-radical source, such as ammonium persulfate, ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite, and the like. A second charge ot 1-20G/o by weight of a polymerizable monomer, or mixture of monomers, of formula (I), based on the total weight of polymer, is added from 5 minutes to 5 hours after the addition of the catalyst, and the reaction mixture is stirred for 10-60 minutes. Preferably, the second charge is added at the peak of the ensuing exotherm, after the 7B~3 addition of the catalyst, when very little monomer remains.
Optionally, 1-30% by weight of a water-soluble vinylic monomer, such as acrylamide, acrylic acid, or methacrylic acid, based on the total weight of polymer, may be added as a third charge. The reaction mixture is stirred under the inert atmosphere until the copolymerization is essen-tially completed. The product is a semi-viscous solution that can be applied directly to the textile substrate.
Suitable polymerizable monomers of formula (I) include the Eollowing:
methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-methoxyethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, n-dodecyl methacrylate, n-octadecyl methacrylate, N,N-dimethyl-12-aminododecylacrylate, 12-hydroxydodecyl acrylate, 12-methoxydodecyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, N-2-ethylhexyl-2-aminoethyl acrylate, N-tert-butyl-2-aminoethyl methacrylate, N,N-dimethyl-2-aminoethyl acrylate, N,N-diethyl-2-aminoethyl methacrylate, and the like.
The preferred comonomers are n-butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
Optionally, starch or other sizes may be blended with the product and other conventional additives, such as plasticizers, may be added to the solution before application. Suitable plasticizers include glycerol, ethanolamine, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, urea, sugar, sorbitol, and the like.
~ ~7~aO(33 In preparing the solution to be applied in the copolymer process of this invention, acrylamide and about 1-40%, preferably about 5-20%, by weight of a polymeriz-able vinyl, or vinylidene monomer, or mixture of mono-mers, based on the weight of acrylamide, are copoly-merized in an aqueous medium, under an inert atmosphere, in the presence of a surface-active agent and a catalytic amount of a free-radical source such as ammonium persul-fate, ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite, and the like. The reaction mixture is stirred under the iner~
atmosphere until the copolymerization is essentially completed. The product is a semi-viscous solution that can be applied directly to the textiie substrate. Op-tionally, starch or other sizes may be blended with the product, and other conventional additives, such as plasticizers, may be added to the solution before appli-cation. Suitable plasticizers include glycerol, ethanol-amine, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, urea, sugar, sorbitol, and the like.
Suitable vinyl and vinylidene comonomers include the same polymerizable monomers of formula I, listed, above.
The preferred comonomer for the copolymer process is a C4-Clg alkyl acrylate or methacrylate.
The application of the sizing composition to the textile material may be by padding (conventional, or high pressure) a foaming, spraying, knife-coating, and the like, to deposit thereon about 3-15%, preferably 6-12%, by weight of real solids from the aforementioned reaction mixture. Suitable textile materials include filaments, spun yarns, or fabrics of natural or synthetic fibers, or blends thereof. The preferred substrate material is cotton, or cotton/polyester warp yarn.
The treated textile substrate is then dried by heating at 80-120C for a period of about 15 to 0.25 minutes, preferably at 95-105C for a period of about 2 to 0.5 minutes. Optionally, the treated substrate may be ~78C303 dried at a lower temperature, such as by standing at room temperature until dry.
The process of this invention produces a size coating on the textile substrate which is characterized by easy removal by subsequent washing. The treated tex-tile substrate is characterized by excellent abrasion resistance.
The following examples illustrate the process of the segmented copolymer invention. All parts and 0 percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
Example 1 A mixture of 152 grams of an aqueous solution of acrylamide (50% real solids), 4.0 grams of 2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate, 1.0 gram of AEROSOL~ OT-75% (American Cyanamid Company), and 272 grams of water is stirred under nitrogen for 20 minutes at 30-35C. Solutions of 0.4 gram of ammonium persulfate in 5 grams of water, and 0.4 gram of sodium metabisulfite in 5 grams of water are added thereto and the temperature is allowed to rise spontaneously. At the peak of the resulting exotherm, 10 grams of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate is added. The reac-tion mixture is stirred for one hour, and then cooled to 25C to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 340 centipoises, and a polymer content of 20% by weight.
Example 2 A mixture of 174.7 grams of an aqueous solu-tion of acrylamide (50% .eal solids), 3.5 grams of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 1.2 grams of AEROSOL~ OT-75%, and 194 grams of water is stirred under nitrogen for 20 min-utes at 30-35C. Solutions of 0.5 gram of ammonium per-sulfate in 6 grams of water, and 0.5 gram of sodium metabisulfite in 6 grams of water are added thereto and the temperature is allowed to rise spontaneously. At the peak of the exotherm, 9.2 grams of n-butyl acrylate is added. The reaction mixture is stirred for one and a half hours, then cooled to 25C to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 600 centipoises, and a polymer ~ L7~ 3 content of 25~1o by weight.
Example 3 A mixture of 152 grams of an aqueous solution of acrylamide (50% real solids), 4.0 grams of 2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate, 1.0 grams of AEROSOL~ OT-75%, and 332 grams of water is stirred under nitrogen for 20 minutes at 30-35C. Solutions of 0.4 gram of ammonium persulfate in 5 grams of water, and 0.4 gram of sodium metabisulfite in 5 grams of water are added thereto and the temperature is allowed to rise spontaneously. At the peak of the exotherm, 10 grams of styrene is added. The mixture is stirred for 30 minutes, and 40 grams of 50% aqueous acrylamide is then added thereto. After one hour of continued stirring, the reaction mixture is cooled to 25C to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 400 centipoises and a polymer content of 20% by weight.
Example 4 A mixture of 152 grams of an aqueous solution of acrylamide (50% real solids), 4.0 grams of 2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate, 1.0 gram of AEROSOL~ OT-75%, and 260 grams of water is stirred under nitrogen for 20 minutes at 30-35C. Solutions of 0.4 gram of ammonium persulfate in 5 grams of water, and 0.4 gram of sodium metabisulfite in 5 grams of water are added thereto, and the tempera-ture is allowed to rise spontaneously. At the peak of the exotherm, 10 grams of n-butyl acrylate is added.
The reaction mixture is stirred for 30 minutes, and 10 grams of acrylic acid is then added to the reaction mix-ture. After one hour of continued stirring, the reaction mixture is cooled to 25C to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 220 centipoises and a polymer content of 20% by weight.
Example 5 A mixture of 2165 grams of an aqueous solution of acrylamide (50% real solids), 32.7 grams of 2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate, 8.2 grams of AEROSOL~ OT-75%, and 500 grams of water is stirred under nitrogen for 20 minutes ~ 0 3 at 20-25C. Solutions of 2.9 grams of ammonium persul-fate in 43 grams of water, and 2.9 grams of sodium meta-bisulfite in 43 grams of water are added thereto, and the temperature is allowed to rise spontaneously. At the peak of the exotherm, 81.8 grams of n-butyl acrylate is added. The reaction mixture is stirred for 20 minutes, and 327 grams of 50% aqueous acrylamide is then added.
After one hour of continued stirring, the reaction mix-ture is cooled to 25C to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 720 centipoises, and a polymer content of 20% by weight.
Example 6 A mixture of 152 grams of an aqueous solution of acrylamide (50% real solids), 4.0 grams of n-butyl acrylate, 1.0 gram of AEROSOL~ OT-75%, and 332 grams of water is stirred under nitrogen for 20 minutes at 30-35C. Solutions of 0.6 gram of ammonium persulfate in 5 grams of water, and 0.6 gram of sodium metabisulfite in 5 grams of water are added thereto and the temperature is allowed to rise spontaneously. At the peak of the exotherm, 10 grams of n-butyl acrylate is added. The reaction mixture is stirred for 20 minutes, and 40 grams of 50% aqueous acrylamide is then added. After one hour of continued stirring, the reaction mixture is cooled to 25C to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 720 centipoises, and a polymer content of 20% by weight.
Examples 7-12 The solutions from Examples 1-6 are diluted with water to obtain a polymer content of 10% by weight and applied separately, by padding, to single-end 100%
cotton yarns to obtain a 60% pickup based on the weight of the untreated yarn. The treated yarns are dried at 105C for one minute and tested for abrasion resistance using a modified Stoll flex abrader. In this test five strands of the treated yarns are attached to a Stoll flex abrader so that all are flexed over a stainless steel blade at a 90 angle using an attached 20-gram ~7~ 3 weight as a pulling force. The motor is started and the number of cycles needed to break each yarn is determined.
This procedure is repeated three times for similarly treated yarns and an average is taken. The larger the number of cycles, the better the abrasion resistance imparted to the yarn.
The results obtained are shown in Table I.
780C~3 - io -U~
C ~
o _, U~
.
~ _, D ~ C:l ~ Lt~ ~ u~ C~l ~; ~ ~r o tJ .
~ O~
e~
Q~
~:o c ~ c~ a. c ~ ~ ~ E :i EEi ~ O
0~ ~ ~ ~O n~
X X X :~ X X ~
o C~
~: ~ ~ 4 o o o o o o N a~
v~ 'J ~' a a~
O O G O O C JJ
s~ C
I_ ~ ~ O ~ C`~
X
~ 8~3 Examples 13-15 Solutions containing 10% by weight, respec-tively. of starch; a random terpolymer of acrylamide, n-butyl acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate having the same monomer composition as in Example 5; and a blended mix-ture of a copolymer of acrylamide and 2-e~hylhexyl acrylate, poly(n-butyl acrylate), and poly(acrylamide) having the same monomer composition as in Example 5, are prepared and applied to single-end 100% cotton yarns as described in Examples 7-12.
The results obtained are shown in Table II.
~7~ 3 -C ~
o _ C~
U~ ;, ~ t.
Ll _ C`~
~:
C~
C
~o ~ tq ,.. .,..
..
~1 ~
,1 ~ c Q~ ~ O
~: ~ ~ ., E~ ~: ~ o ~o X C.
C ~ .
~, aJ F ~
N E ~11 :~
U~
cJ o ~ a~
~ ~ _I C
_I
~ ~ ~ U~
~7~3003 Comparison of the results obtained in E~ample 14 and 15 with that obcained in Example 11 shows that superior abrasion resistance is obtained with the seg-menced copolymer of Example 5.
;1~713~ 3 The following examples illustrate the copolymer process of the invention. All parts are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
Example 16 A mixture of 30.9 grams of acrylamide (97%
real), 3.0 grams of n-butyl acrylate, 0.3 gram of ammonium persulfate, 1.5 grams of a nonionic surfactant (DECERESOL~
Surfactant NI Conc.; American Cyanamid Co.), and 3.0 grams of isopropanol, is blended under nitrogen, and diluted with water to a total weight of 330 grams. The diluted mixture is heated to 70C to initiate polymerization.
The heating is discontinued when the temperature reaches 85C. The mixture is then stirred at 35-40C for 2 hours and cooled to room temperature. The final solution has a viscosity of 1875 centipoises.
Example 17 A mixture of 240 grams of an aqueous solution of acrylamide (50% real solids), 6.0 grams of 2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate, 0.3 gram of ammonium persulfate, 2.0 grams of DECERESOL~ Surfactant NI Conc., 6.0 grams of isopropanol, and 473.7 grams of water is mixed under nitrogen, and heated to 70C. The temperature is allowed to rise to 92C. and then maintained at 85-90C for one hour while stirring the reaction mixture. The mixture is then cooled to room temperature to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 640 centipoises.
Example 18 A mixture of 240 grams of acrylamide (50% real), 6.0 grams of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 6.0 grams of methyl methacrylate, 0.3 gram of ammonium persulfate, 2.0 grams of DECERESOL Surfactant NI Conc., 4.0 grams of isopropanol, and 527.7 grams of water is mixed under nitrogen, and heated to 70C. The temperature is allowed to rise to ~3C and then maintained at 87-93C for 2 hours while stirring the reaction mixture. The mixture is then cooled to room temperature to obtain a solution having a vis-cosity of 600 centipoises.
~ ~7~ ~ 3 Example 19 A mixture of 152 grams of an aqueous solution of acrylamide (50% real solids), 4.0 grams oL ~-ethyl-hexyl acrylate, l.S grams of AEROSOL'~ OT-75U/o~ and ~3~.4 grams of water is stirred under nitrogen ~-or ~0 minutes at ambient temperature. Solutions of 0.3 gram of ammonium persulfate in 5 grams oE water, and 0.3 gram of sodium bisulfite in 5 grams of water are added thereto and the temperature is allowed to rise spontaneously. The re-action mixture is stirred for one hour, then cooled to25C to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 540 centipoises.
Example 20 A mixture of 1.5 grams of AEROSOL~ OT-75U/o and 237.3 grams of water is heated to dissolve the surfactant, then cooled to room temperature. The solution is stirred under nitrogen and 120 grams of an aqueous solution of acrylamide (50% real solids), 4.0 grams of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and 16.2 grams of acrylic acid are added thereto.
Solutions of 0.5 gram of ammonium persulfate in 10 grams of water, and 0.5 gram of sodium metabisulfite in 10 grams of water, are added thereto while allowing the temperature to rise. After stirring for 1.5 hours, the reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 620 centipoises, and a pH of 2.5. Before application the pH of the material is adjusted to 5-7 with sodium hydroxide.
Examples 21-27 The solutions from Examples 16-20 are diluted with water to obtain a solids content oE 7.5U/ù by weight and applied separately, by padding, to single-end 100U/o cotton yarns to obtain an 80V/o wet pickup based on the weight of the untreated yarn. Solutions containing 7.5~/O
by weight of polyacrylamide in water, and starch in water, are also prepared and applied to single-end 100U/o cotton yarns in a similar manner. The treated yarns are dried at 105C for one minute and tested for abrasion ;1 ~Lr7BOU3 resistance using a modified Stoll flex abrader. In this test five strands of the treated yarns are attached to a - Stoll flex brader so that all are flexed over a stainless steel blade at gO angle using an attached 20-gram weight as a pulling force. The motor is started and the number of cycles needed to break each yarn is determined.
This procedure is repeated three times for similarly-treated yarns and an average is taken. The larger the average, the better the abrasion resistance imparted to 10 the yard.
The results obtained are shown in Table III.
TABLE III
Average Abrasion Example Sizing Agent _ Resistance (cycles) 21 Product of Example 16 105 22 Product of Example 17 119 23 Product of Example 18 113 24 Product of Example 19 113 Product of Example 20 106 26 Polyacrylamide 89 27 Starch 92 Untreated cotton yarn 62
In preparing the composition to be applied in the segmented copolymer process of this invention, 30-99%
by weight of acrylamide, and about 0-20% by weight of a polymerizable monomer of formula (I), or mixture of these monomers, is polymerized randomly in an aqueous medium, under an inert atmosphere, in the presence of a surface-active agent and a catalytic amount of a free-radical source, such as ammonium persulfate, ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite, and the like. A second charge ot 1-20G/o by weight of a polymerizable monomer, or mixture of monomers, of formula (I), based on the total weight of polymer, is added from 5 minutes to 5 hours after the addition of the catalyst, and the reaction mixture is stirred for 10-60 minutes. Preferably, the second charge is added at the peak of the ensuing exotherm, after the 7B~3 addition of the catalyst, when very little monomer remains.
Optionally, 1-30% by weight of a water-soluble vinylic monomer, such as acrylamide, acrylic acid, or methacrylic acid, based on the total weight of polymer, may be added as a third charge. The reaction mixture is stirred under the inert atmosphere until the copolymerization is essen-tially completed. The product is a semi-viscous solution that can be applied directly to the textile substrate.
Suitable polymerizable monomers of formula (I) include the Eollowing:
methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-methoxyethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, n-dodecyl methacrylate, n-octadecyl methacrylate, N,N-dimethyl-12-aminododecylacrylate, 12-hydroxydodecyl acrylate, 12-methoxydodecyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, N-2-ethylhexyl-2-aminoethyl acrylate, N-tert-butyl-2-aminoethyl methacrylate, N,N-dimethyl-2-aminoethyl acrylate, N,N-diethyl-2-aminoethyl methacrylate, and the like.
The preferred comonomers are n-butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
Optionally, starch or other sizes may be blended with the product and other conventional additives, such as plasticizers, may be added to the solution before application. Suitable plasticizers include glycerol, ethanolamine, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, urea, sugar, sorbitol, and the like.
~ ~7~aO(33 In preparing the solution to be applied in the copolymer process of this invention, acrylamide and about 1-40%, preferably about 5-20%, by weight of a polymeriz-able vinyl, or vinylidene monomer, or mixture of mono-mers, based on the weight of acrylamide, are copoly-merized in an aqueous medium, under an inert atmosphere, in the presence of a surface-active agent and a catalytic amount of a free-radical source such as ammonium persul-fate, ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite, and the like. The reaction mixture is stirred under the iner~
atmosphere until the copolymerization is essentially completed. The product is a semi-viscous solution that can be applied directly to the textiie substrate. Op-tionally, starch or other sizes may be blended with the product, and other conventional additives, such as plasticizers, may be added to the solution before appli-cation. Suitable plasticizers include glycerol, ethanol-amine, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, urea, sugar, sorbitol, and the like.
Suitable vinyl and vinylidene comonomers include the same polymerizable monomers of formula I, listed, above.
The preferred comonomer for the copolymer process is a C4-Clg alkyl acrylate or methacrylate.
The application of the sizing composition to the textile material may be by padding (conventional, or high pressure) a foaming, spraying, knife-coating, and the like, to deposit thereon about 3-15%, preferably 6-12%, by weight of real solids from the aforementioned reaction mixture. Suitable textile materials include filaments, spun yarns, or fabrics of natural or synthetic fibers, or blends thereof. The preferred substrate material is cotton, or cotton/polyester warp yarn.
The treated textile substrate is then dried by heating at 80-120C for a period of about 15 to 0.25 minutes, preferably at 95-105C for a period of about 2 to 0.5 minutes. Optionally, the treated substrate may be ~78C303 dried at a lower temperature, such as by standing at room temperature until dry.
The process of this invention produces a size coating on the textile substrate which is characterized by easy removal by subsequent washing. The treated tex-tile substrate is characterized by excellent abrasion resistance.
The following examples illustrate the process of the segmented copolymer invention. All parts and 0 percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
Example 1 A mixture of 152 grams of an aqueous solution of acrylamide (50% real solids), 4.0 grams of 2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate, 1.0 gram of AEROSOL~ OT-75% (American Cyanamid Company), and 272 grams of water is stirred under nitrogen for 20 minutes at 30-35C. Solutions of 0.4 gram of ammonium persulfate in 5 grams of water, and 0.4 gram of sodium metabisulfite in 5 grams of water are added thereto and the temperature is allowed to rise spontaneously. At the peak of the resulting exotherm, 10 grams of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate is added. The reac-tion mixture is stirred for one hour, and then cooled to 25C to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 340 centipoises, and a polymer content of 20% by weight.
Example 2 A mixture of 174.7 grams of an aqueous solu-tion of acrylamide (50% .eal solids), 3.5 grams of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 1.2 grams of AEROSOL~ OT-75%, and 194 grams of water is stirred under nitrogen for 20 min-utes at 30-35C. Solutions of 0.5 gram of ammonium per-sulfate in 6 grams of water, and 0.5 gram of sodium metabisulfite in 6 grams of water are added thereto and the temperature is allowed to rise spontaneously. At the peak of the exotherm, 9.2 grams of n-butyl acrylate is added. The reaction mixture is stirred for one and a half hours, then cooled to 25C to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 600 centipoises, and a polymer ~ L7~ 3 content of 25~1o by weight.
Example 3 A mixture of 152 grams of an aqueous solution of acrylamide (50% real solids), 4.0 grams of 2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate, 1.0 grams of AEROSOL~ OT-75%, and 332 grams of water is stirred under nitrogen for 20 minutes at 30-35C. Solutions of 0.4 gram of ammonium persulfate in 5 grams of water, and 0.4 gram of sodium metabisulfite in 5 grams of water are added thereto and the temperature is allowed to rise spontaneously. At the peak of the exotherm, 10 grams of styrene is added. The mixture is stirred for 30 minutes, and 40 grams of 50% aqueous acrylamide is then added thereto. After one hour of continued stirring, the reaction mixture is cooled to 25C to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 400 centipoises and a polymer content of 20% by weight.
Example 4 A mixture of 152 grams of an aqueous solution of acrylamide (50% real solids), 4.0 grams of 2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate, 1.0 gram of AEROSOL~ OT-75%, and 260 grams of water is stirred under nitrogen for 20 minutes at 30-35C. Solutions of 0.4 gram of ammonium persulfate in 5 grams of water, and 0.4 gram of sodium metabisulfite in 5 grams of water are added thereto, and the tempera-ture is allowed to rise spontaneously. At the peak of the exotherm, 10 grams of n-butyl acrylate is added.
The reaction mixture is stirred for 30 minutes, and 10 grams of acrylic acid is then added to the reaction mix-ture. After one hour of continued stirring, the reaction mixture is cooled to 25C to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 220 centipoises and a polymer content of 20% by weight.
Example 5 A mixture of 2165 grams of an aqueous solution of acrylamide (50% real solids), 32.7 grams of 2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate, 8.2 grams of AEROSOL~ OT-75%, and 500 grams of water is stirred under nitrogen for 20 minutes ~ 0 3 at 20-25C. Solutions of 2.9 grams of ammonium persul-fate in 43 grams of water, and 2.9 grams of sodium meta-bisulfite in 43 grams of water are added thereto, and the temperature is allowed to rise spontaneously. At the peak of the exotherm, 81.8 grams of n-butyl acrylate is added. The reaction mixture is stirred for 20 minutes, and 327 grams of 50% aqueous acrylamide is then added.
After one hour of continued stirring, the reaction mix-ture is cooled to 25C to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 720 centipoises, and a polymer content of 20% by weight.
Example 6 A mixture of 152 grams of an aqueous solution of acrylamide (50% real solids), 4.0 grams of n-butyl acrylate, 1.0 gram of AEROSOL~ OT-75%, and 332 grams of water is stirred under nitrogen for 20 minutes at 30-35C. Solutions of 0.6 gram of ammonium persulfate in 5 grams of water, and 0.6 gram of sodium metabisulfite in 5 grams of water are added thereto and the temperature is allowed to rise spontaneously. At the peak of the exotherm, 10 grams of n-butyl acrylate is added. The reaction mixture is stirred for 20 minutes, and 40 grams of 50% aqueous acrylamide is then added. After one hour of continued stirring, the reaction mixture is cooled to 25C to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 720 centipoises, and a polymer content of 20% by weight.
Examples 7-12 The solutions from Examples 1-6 are diluted with water to obtain a polymer content of 10% by weight and applied separately, by padding, to single-end 100%
cotton yarns to obtain a 60% pickup based on the weight of the untreated yarn. The treated yarns are dried at 105C for one minute and tested for abrasion resistance using a modified Stoll flex abrader. In this test five strands of the treated yarns are attached to a Stoll flex abrader so that all are flexed over a stainless steel blade at a 90 angle using an attached 20-gram ~7~ 3 weight as a pulling force. The motor is started and the number of cycles needed to break each yarn is determined.
This procedure is repeated three times for similarly treated yarns and an average is taken. The larger the number of cycles, the better the abrasion resistance imparted to the yarn.
The results obtained are shown in Table I.
780C~3 - io -U~
C ~
o _, U~
.
~ _, D ~ C:l ~ Lt~ ~ u~ C~l ~; ~ ~r o tJ .
~ O~
e~
Q~
~:o c ~ c~ a. c ~ ~ ~ E :i EEi ~ O
0~ ~ ~ ~O n~
X X X :~ X X ~
o C~
~: ~ ~ 4 o o o o o o N a~
v~ 'J ~' a a~
O O G O O C JJ
s~ C
I_ ~ ~ O ~ C`~
X
~ 8~3 Examples 13-15 Solutions containing 10% by weight, respec-tively. of starch; a random terpolymer of acrylamide, n-butyl acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate having the same monomer composition as in Example 5; and a blended mix-ture of a copolymer of acrylamide and 2-e~hylhexyl acrylate, poly(n-butyl acrylate), and poly(acrylamide) having the same monomer composition as in Example 5, are prepared and applied to single-end 100% cotton yarns as described in Examples 7-12.
The results obtained are shown in Table II.
~7~ 3 -C ~
o _ C~
U~ ;, ~ t.
Ll _ C`~
~:
C~
C
~o ~ tq ,.. .,..
..
~1 ~
,1 ~ c Q~ ~ O
~: ~ ~ ., E~ ~: ~ o ~o X C.
C ~ .
~, aJ F ~
N E ~11 :~
U~
cJ o ~ a~
~ ~ _I C
_I
~ ~ ~ U~
~7~3003 Comparison of the results obtained in E~ample 14 and 15 with that obcained in Example 11 shows that superior abrasion resistance is obtained with the seg-menced copolymer of Example 5.
;1~713~ 3 The following examples illustrate the copolymer process of the invention. All parts are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
Example 16 A mixture of 30.9 grams of acrylamide (97%
real), 3.0 grams of n-butyl acrylate, 0.3 gram of ammonium persulfate, 1.5 grams of a nonionic surfactant (DECERESOL~
Surfactant NI Conc.; American Cyanamid Co.), and 3.0 grams of isopropanol, is blended under nitrogen, and diluted with water to a total weight of 330 grams. The diluted mixture is heated to 70C to initiate polymerization.
The heating is discontinued when the temperature reaches 85C. The mixture is then stirred at 35-40C for 2 hours and cooled to room temperature. The final solution has a viscosity of 1875 centipoises.
Example 17 A mixture of 240 grams of an aqueous solution of acrylamide (50% real solids), 6.0 grams of 2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate, 0.3 gram of ammonium persulfate, 2.0 grams of DECERESOL~ Surfactant NI Conc., 6.0 grams of isopropanol, and 473.7 grams of water is mixed under nitrogen, and heated to 70C. The temperature is allowed to rise to 92C. and then maintained at 85-90C for one hour while stirring the reaction mixture. The mixture is then cooled to room temperature to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 640 centipoises.
Example 18 A mixture of 240 grams of acrylamide (50% real), 6.0 grams of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 6.0 grams of methyl methacrylate, 0.3 gram of ammonium persulfate, 2.0 grams of DECERESOL Surfactant NI Conc., 4.0 grams of isopropanol, and 527.7 grams of water is mixed under nitrogen, and heated to 70C. The temperature is allowed to rise to ~3C and then maintained at 87-93C for 2 hours while stirring the reaction mixture. The mixture is then cooled to room temperature to obtain a solution having a vis-cosity of 600 centipoises.
~ ~7~ ~ 3 Example 19 A mixture of 152 grams of an aqueous solution of acrylamide (50% real solids), 4.0 grams oL ~-ethyl-hexyl acrylate, l.S grams of AEROSOL'~ OT-75U/o~ and ~3~.4 grams of water is stirred under nitrogen ~-or ~0 minutes at ambient temperature. Solutions of 0.3 gram of ammonium persulfate in 5 grams oE water, and 0.3 gram of sodium bisulfite in 5 grams of water are added thereto and the temperature is allowed to rise spontaneously. The re-action mixture is stirred for one hour, then cooled to25C to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 540 centipoises.
Example 20 A mixture of 1.5 grams of AEROSOL~ OT-75U/o and 237.3 grams of water is heated to dissolve the surfactant, then cooled to room temperature. The solution is stirred under nitrogen and 120 grams of an aqueous solution of acrylamide (50% real solids), 4.0 grams of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and 16.2 grams of acrylic acid are added thereto.
Solutions of 0.5 gram of ammonium persulfate in 10 grams of water, and 0.5 gram of sodium metabisulfite in 10 grams of water, are added thereto while allowing the temperature to rise. After stirring for 1.5 hours, the reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature to obtain a solution having a viscosity of 620 centipoises, and a pH of 2.5. Before application the pH of the material is adjusted to 5-7 with sodium hydroxide.
Examples 21-27 The solutions from Examples 16-20 are diluted with water to obtain a solids content oE 7.5U/ù by weight and applied separately, by padding, to single-end 100U/o cotton yarns to obtain an 80V/o wet pickup based on the weight of the untreated yarn. Solutions containing 7.5~/O
by weight of polyacrylamide in water, and starch in water, are also prepared and applied to single-end 100U/o cotton yarns in a similar manner. The treated yarns are dried at 105C for one minute and tested for abrasion ;1 ~Lr7BOU3 resistance using a modified Stoll flex abrader. In this test five strands of the treated yarns are attached to a - Stoll flex brader so that all are flexed over a stainless steel blade at gO angle using an attached 20-gram weight as a pulling force. The motor is started and the number of cycles needed to break each yarn is determined.
This procedure is repeated three times for similarly-treated yarns and an average is taken. The larger the average, the better the abrasion resistance imparted to 10 the yard.
The results obtained are shown in Table III.
TABLE III
Average Abrasion Example Sizing Agent _ Resistance (cycles) 21 Product of Example 16 105 22 Product of Example 17 119 23 Product of Example 18 113 24 Product of Example 19 113 Product of Example 20 106 26 Polyacrylamide 89 27 Starch 92 Untreated cotton yarn 62
Claims (10)
1. A process for sizing a textile substrate material comprising applying to the textile material a composition comprising an aqueous solution of at least 3% by weight solids content of a copolymer or a segmented copolymer of acrylamide and at least one vinyl, or vinyl-idene, polymerizable monomer, the amount of the polymer-izable monomer in the composition being at a concentration from about 1% to about 40%, based on the weight of acryl-amide in the composition, and thereafter drying the treated substrate, the composition being applied in an amount and the drying being at a temperature, respectively, sufficiently high to impart a high order of abrasion resistance to the textile material.
2. The process according to Claim 1 wherein the composition comprises a solution in water of a seg-mented copolymer of Claim 1 at a concentration from about 5% to about 30% by weight of the segmented copoly-mer, based on the weight of the composition, the composi-tion being applied to the textile material to deposit the copolymer in an amount from about 3% to about 15% by weight, based on the weight of the material, and drying the same at a temperature ranging from about 80°C to about 120°C for about 15-0.25 minutes.
3. The process according to Claim 1 wherein the composition comprises a solution in water of a co-polymer of Claim 1 at a concentration from about 5% to about 30% by weight of the copolymer, based on the weight of the composition, the composition being applied to the textile material to deposit the copolymer in an amount from about 3% to about 15% by weight based on the weight of the material, and drying the same at a temperature ranging from about 80°C to about 120°C for about 15-0.25 minutes.
4. The process according to Claim 2 wherein the amount of segmented copolymer deposited on the tex-tile material is from about 6% to about 12% by weight, based on the weight of the material, and drying the same at a temperature from about 95°C to about 105°C for about 2-0.5 minutes.
5. The process according to Claim 1 wherein the textile material is a cotton yarn, cotton/polyester yarn or polyester yarn.
6. The process according to Claim 2 wherein the vinyl polymerizable monomer is a C4-C18 alkyl acry-late, or a C4-C18 alkyl methacrylate.
7. The process according to Claim 6 wherein the C4-C18 alkyl acrylate is a mixture of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and n-butyl acrylate.
8. The process according to Claim 7 wherein the C4-C18 alkyl acrylate is n-butyl acrylate.
9. The treated textile material of Claim 5.
10. A textile sizing composition comprising an aqueous solution of at least 3% by weight solids content of a segmented copolymer of acrylamide and at least one vinyl, or vinylidene, polymerizable monomer, the amount of the polymerizable monomer in the composition being at a concentration from about 1% to about 40%, based on the weight of acrylamide in the composition.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US26892481A | 1981-06-01 | 1981-06-01 | |
| US268,925 | 1981-06-01 | ||
| US268,924 | 1981-06-01 | ||
| US06/268,925 US4410588A (en) | 1981-06-01 | 1981-06-01 | Process for sizing textile yarns |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1178003A true CA1178003A (en) | 1984-11-20 |
Family
ID=26953412
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000401465A Expired CA1178003A (en) | 1981-06-01 | 1982-04-22 | Process for sizing textile materials |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0066078B1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8202900A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1178003A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3277539D1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX159154A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5626952A (en) * | 1995-12-15 | 1997-05-06 | Callaway Corporation | Process for sizing spun yarns |
| FR2879630B1 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2007-02-23 | Emz Trek | NEW COMPOSITION FOR STITCHING TEXTILE YARNS |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB467492A (en) * | 1935-11-11 | 1937-06-11 | Roehm & Haas Ag | Condensation products of methacrylamide and formaldehyde |
| DE1037128B (en) * | 1956-03-17 | 1958-08-21 | Basf Ag | Process for the preparation of copolymers containing amide and ester groups which are soluble in water |
| US3114651A (en) * | 1960-07-22 | 1963-12-17 | American Cyanamid Co | Water insolubilization of acrylamido polymers with a salt of trivalent chromium |
| DE1277801B (en) * | 1964-07-04 | 1968-09-19 | Basf Ag | Use of flocculant-stable mixtures of polyacrylic acid amide solutions and aqueous dispersions of water repellants for finishing textiles |
| GB1126120A (en) * | 1966-05-16 | 1968-09-05 | Dow Chemical Co | Sizing composition for siliceous fibres |
| US3525723A (en) * | 1967-11-03 | 1970-08-25 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Sizing agent for textile fibers derived from methanolysis of a vinyl acetate acrylamide copolymer |
| DE2527804A1 (en) * | 1975-06-21 | 1976-12-30 | Hans Prof Dipl Chem Dr Wilhelm | Aq. textile treatment compsns. contg. acrylamide polymers - prepd. in presence of mercaptans with basic gps. and radical initiators |
| US4098987A (en) * | 1976-07-14 | 1978-07-04 | American Cyanamid Company | Non-ionic surfactants from water soluble copolymers of acrylamide with hydrophobic monomers |
-
1982
- 1982-04-22 EP EP19820103397 patent/EP0066078B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-04-22 CA CA000401465A patent/CA1178003A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-04-22 DE DE8282103397T patent/DE3277539D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-05-19 BR BR8202900A patent/BR8202900A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-06-01 MX MX19296082A patent/MX159154A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0066078A2 (en) | 1982-12-08 |
| EP0066078B1 (en) | 1987-10-28 |
| EP0066078A3 (en) | 1985-03-20 |
| BR8202900A (en) | 1983-05-03 |
| DE3277539D1 (en) | 1987-12-03 |
| MX159154A (en) | 1989-04-26 |
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