CA1170291A - Clamp-type pipe coupling - Google Patents
Clamp-type pipe couplingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1170291A CA1170291A CA000384907A CA384907A CA1170291A CA 1170291 A CA1170291 A CA 1170291A CA 000384907 A CA000384907 A CA 000384907A CA 384907 A CA384907 A CA 384907A CA 1170291 A CA1170291 A CA 1170291A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- sleeve
- coupling means
- piping
- plastic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001263323 Maclura tinctoria Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002990 reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012858 resilient material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A means for adapting the end of a plastic pipe for coupling to another pipe is provided. The coupling means is a pair of fittings each of which comprises a reinforcing metal sleeve and a pipe stub which is interconnected to the sleeve. Each metal sleeve has a plurality of perforations into which the plastic material flows so as to form interconnecting elements which lock the sleeve in place on the plastic pipe section.
Description
0~ ~
CLAMP-TYPE PIPE COUPLING
Background of the Invention This invention relates to plastic piping. In one of its aspects this invention relates to the joining of plastic piping. In another of its aspects this invention relates to the quick coupling of piping. In another of its aspects this invention relates to the fitting of plastic pipe with interconnected metal sleeves suitable for use in coupling operations.
~1 10 The use of plastic pipe has been greatly increased in recentyears finding application in many of the uses formerly confined to metal pipe. Plastic pipe now is used for conveying fluids, both gases and liquids, and even for electrical-duct work.
Plastic pipe is normally manufactured in an extrusion plant.
Small diameter pipe is usually coiled on a coiler in long lengths such as several hundred feet and shipped in strapped or wrapped coils.
Small diameters can be fused t~ogether in long lengths or clamped together as in the instant invention. ~arger diameter thick walled pipe which cannot be coiled is usually manufactured in lengths that can be shipped in a truck such as lengths of~about 39 feet. This pipe when ~shipped to a~field location is fused together to make long lengths of pipe~without any ~1ttings. Thls requires that a~fusion machine be available at~the remote or field lacation. ~`
Advantages of the-Invention ~ ~
The instant invention~is made in a plurality of pipe diameters and lengths. The reinfo~ced fittings can be shipped separately, fused to pipe ends in the~field, then clamped together.
Another advantage i8 that the~pipe~fittings can be fused on to the ends of pipe lengths in the manufacturing plant and sent to tke field for , :
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CLAMP-TYPE PIPE COUPLING
Background of the Invention This invention relates to plastic piping. In one of its aspects this invention relates to the joining of plastic piping. In another of its aspects this invention relates to the quick coupling of piping. In another of its aspects this invention relates to the fitting of plastic pipe with interconnected metal sleeves suitable for use in coupling operations.
~1 10 The use of plastic pipe has been greatly increased in recentyears finding application in many of the uses formerly confined to metal pipe. Plastic pipe now is used for conveying fluids, both gases and liquids, and even for electrical-duct work.
Plastic pipe is normally manufactured in an extrusion plant.
Small diameter pipe is usually coiled on a coiler in long lengths such as several hundred feet and shipped in strapped or wrapped coils.
Small diameters can be fused t~ogether in long lengths or clamped together as in the instant invention. ~arger diameter thick walled pipe which cannot be coiled is usually manufactured in lengths that can be shipped in a truck such as lengths of~about 39 feet. This pipe when ~shipped to a~field location is fused together to make long lengths of pipe~without any ~1ttings. Thls requires that a~fusion machine be available at~the remote or field lacation. ~`
Advantages of the-Invention ~ ~
The instant invention~is made in a plurality of pipe diameters and lengths. The reinfo~ced fittings can be shipped separately, fused to pipe ends in the~field, then clamped together.
Another advantage i8 that the~pipe~fittings can be fused on to the ends of pipe lengths in the manufacturing plant and sent to tke field for , :
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joining by clamping thereby avoiding the need of a fusion machine in remote locations. This invention encompasses the use of a pair of reinforced plastic pipe fittings which can be connected to the ends of two pieces of plastic pipe which are to be joined and then clamped into a pressure tight leak proof relationship using a hinged and bolted clamp itting. The legs of the clamp align with grooves or ridges of the metal reinforcing element of the pipe fittings. The clamp can also be of the segmented type which is attached to the pipe ends by two or more sets of bolts as desired.
10Among the most advantageous of the quick-coupling methods developed up until now is the coupling set forth in U.S. Patent No.
joining by clamping thereby avoiding the need of a fusion machine in remote locations. This invention encompasses the use of a pair of reinforced plastic pipe fittings which can be connected to the ends of two pieces of plastic pipe which are to be joined and then clamped into a pressure tight leak proof relationship using a hinged and bolted clamp itting. The legs of the clamp align with grooves or ridges of the metal reinforcing element of the pipe fittings. The clamp can also be of the segmented type which is attached to the pipe ends by two or more sets of bolts as desired.
10Among the most advantageous of the quick-coupling methods developed up until now is the coupling set forth in U.S. Patent No.
3,695,63~ ~issued October 3, 1972 to James Blakeley~, utilizing a mechanical clamp-type coupling that keys into circumferential grooves at the end of the pipes to be coupled holding a gasket between the keys and against the abuttment of the coupled pipes. Such a coupling provides a pressure-tight seal and is at the same time resistant to being pulled apart by shrinkage and expansion of the piping.
The present invention provides for adapting plastic pipe with ~ a metal sleeve so that an even more secure coupling can be obtained ;~ 20 using a mechanical clamp coupling device of the type set forth in U,S.
Patent No. 3,695,638.
U.S. Patent 4,039,210 ~issued August 2, l91Z -to Roy F. Wood and Ralph A. Wynne~, discloses a coupling adapter for plastic pipe which utili~es a metal sleeve having an outer groove such that a mechanical clamp can be used therewith. The metal sleeve in ~.S.
The present invention provides for adapting plastic pipe with ~ a metal sleeve so that an even more secure coupling can be obtained ;~ 20 using a mechanical clamp coupling device of the type set forth in U,S.
Patent No. 3,695,638.
U.S. Patent 4,039,210 ~issued August 2, l91Z -to Roy F. Wood and Ralph A. Wynne~, discloses a coupling adapter for plastic pipe which utili~es a metal sleeve having an outer groove such that a mechanical clamp can be used therewith. The metal sleeve in ~.S.
4,039,210 is held in place by a second smaller metal sleeve which is mechanically fastened there around and which secures the first sleeve -~ into place on the end of a plastic pipe. The pipe end must be adapted to receive the first and second sleeves by molding or cutting a series of grooves in its outer surface. In contrast to the system used in U.S. Patent 4,039,210, the plastic pipe used in the instant invention need not be molded or cut to put a groove therein. The instant ~; invention is advantageous in that the metal sleeve alone or the metal ~^ ~ sleeve/plastic stub combination can be directly at-tached to the end of a plastic pipe without a separate operation--e.g., putting a groove therein--to prepare the tube fo~ attachment of the sleeve or sleeve/stub combination.
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Objects of the Invention It is therefore an object of this invention to provide plastic pipe adapted for coupling with mechanical clamp-type coupling devices. It is another object of this inven-tion to provide a method for producing pipes adapted for coupling with mechanical clamp-type coupling devices. It is still another object of the invention to provide means for adapting plastic pipe to be coupled with pipes of the other materials of construction.
Other aspects, objects and the various advantages of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the specification, the appended claims and the drawing.
Statement of the Invention This invention provides a fitting for coupling the ends of plastic pipes. The coupling means can be either a metal sleeve or a reinforcing sleeve/plastic stub combination which has at least one means for engaging wi-th a mechanical clamp at one end and means for ;
securing it to a pipe at the other. Generally, the pipe or stub employed will be circular and of larger, smaller, or about equal ~`~`` diameter compared to the sleeve. The sleeve and the pipe sections are preferably coaxial. Preferably, the metal sleeve has a peripheral or ~;~ circumferen-tial groove or shoulder on its outer surface to permit its . -:
~ use with a mechanical clamp-type coupling. The metal sleeve also has a :
plurality of perforations or holes therein such that when -the end of ` ~ the plastic pipe is molded in close proximity thereto--e.g., by injection molding or extrusion--the fused plastic flows into the perforations, forming interlocking elements between the pipe section and the sleeve. The interlocking elements are an integral part of the plastic pipe.
In one embodiment of the invention, the coupling means can be made by injection molding. This is done by placing the sleeve having holes therein into the mold and injecting the plastic material around it.
In another embodiment, the finished pipe ends, with sleeves ~; in place are coupled utilizing a mechanical clamp which keys into the ; shoulders or grooves in the finished couplers at the ends of the pipes.
In yet another embodiment, a metal sleeve is pre-coupled to a small section of pipe. The small section or s-tub, is anchored in place ,, , ..
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_~ 4 within or around the metal sleeve using methods useful for securing pipe ends therein. The sleeve/stub couple can then be fusion welded to a plastic pipe at the stub end. The grooved sleeve can then be fastened to another grooved sleeve with a mechanical clamp.
Alternatively, two sleevetstub sections can be mechanically joined using the grooved ends and subsequently fusion welded to plastic pipes.
The sleeve and sleeve/stub coupling combinations of this invention are suitable for use with any pipe of plastic or other flexible material whose properties render it troublesome to couple by clamping grooved pipe ends. The metal sleeves are intended to give sufficient strength to the coupling end of the pipe to provide a pressure-tight coupling using a gasketed mechanical clamp-type coupling that is resistant to pulling apart due -to shrinkage and expansion of the pipe. The materials from which the coupling means and pipes are made include plastics. A~ong such ma-terials are various grades of polyethylene, such as Narlex ~Trademark~ TR-438, T~-418 and TR-480 ; ~products of Phillips Petroleum Company, Bartlesville, Oklahoma~; other polyolefins, polyvinylchloride and nylon. ~s noted before, adapted piping of different materials of construction can be joined by the - 20 method of this invention.
If the pipe coupling stub and the pipe are made of the same plastic, they can be joined by solvent welding or butt fusion. In ~- adapting piping, according to this invention, the sleeves can be fitted into place by heating -the pipe to a formable temperature, such as near the softening point, and swagging -the piping to cause sufficient shrinkage to allow the metal sleeves to be slid into place on the pipe or stub. The material from which the pipe or stub is made then is i expanded by forcing a mandrel therethrough so that the material flows `~ into the perforations in the sleeve. Once in place, the sleeve/pipe or sleeve/stub combination can be brought to ambient temperature, so that ~; the pipe or stub material sets in place in the perforations of the sleeve. The combination thus produced can be used with a like combination or other grooved sleeve or pipe end to couple pipes. The grooves or shoulders present in the sleeves or pipes serve to facilitate the positioning of a lock ring on the pipe ends. Instead of ~` grooves, rims, lips, or other clamp-engaging structures can be used.
, .
~ The lock ring can be of the type commonIy employed in Victaulic ,~ .
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~Trademark~ coupling systems. Any type of mechanical clamp which will engage the grooves or shoulders in the sleeves and which can be locked into place is suitable.
The lock ring used in this invention is a metallic ring sized to fit the lock ring groove and cut into a plurality of pieces for easy fi-tting into the groove. The clamp and bolts are made of metal, preferably steel.
The resilient gasket will be a ring type of sufficient size and compressibility to substantially fill the gaske-t groove. Any resilient material of construction is appropriate that is compatible for use with the piping. Neoprenes or other rubbers are among the suitable materials.
Various metals and alloys of metals can be used in fashioning the metal sleeves used in this invention. The metal can be suited to --the end use service of the plastic pipe so that upon contacting spillage metal corrosion will be minimized. The sleeves will usually be made of steel. The sleeves can be made from steel tubing by machining grooves or shoulders therein and drilling holes therein.
It has been stated that the plas-tic pipe is adapted according to this invention to be used with a mechanical clamp-type coupling as ~ set forth in U.S. Patent No. 3,6~5,638. This coupling can be described .~ as a cylindrical segmented coupling housing comprising internal circumferentially keyed sections designed to match external circumferential grooves in piping ends paired for coupling. The ~` coupling housings overlie a resilien-t gasket that is forced into ;~ pressure~tight relationship wi-th the juxtaposed pipe ends by tightening of the plurality of coupling sections togethe~ to form a clamping ring.
The plurality of coupling sections are usually brought together and fixed in a cylindrical position using bolts passed through complementary ears on the coupling sections and fixed in position by - nuts.
The coupling means of the invention may be positioned on the ends of fittings such as tees, ells, wyes, and the Iike, by which a plurality of pipes or conduits can be joined.
The invention is useful for piping of various sizes. Pipe ~` diameters of I/2 inch to 4~ inches are preferred.
' ; ' , l ~ ~0~9 1 The size of the perforations in the reinforcing sleeve depends upon the dimensions of the piping to be adap-ted. In most cases, the diameter of the perforations, if circular, will range from about 1/4 up to 3/4 inch for small diameter pipes and from about 1/2 up to several inches for larger diameter pipes.
The number of perforations, like the size of the ; perforations, depends on the dimensions of the piping which is to be` adapted. There are usually a plurality of perforations; and theyshould be evenly distributed around the circumference of the sleeve and spaced so that they are 10 to ~5 degrees apart along its circumference.
The number of perforations will usually coincide with the number of interlocking elements. I~owever, it is possible to have additional interlocking structures such as hooks, lips or other functional equivalents in or on the reinforcing sleeve.
The perforations will usually be arranged in rows. It is preferred that the rows be staggered so that the stress points in the interlocking region of the coupling are about evenly distributed. A
~` suitable array is shown in the accompanying drawings.
The shape of the perforations is not critical. Elliptical or rectangular openings are operable, but shapes having curves or rounded corners are preferred. ~ircular openings are most preferred.
While the terms "perforations" and "holes" are used throughout the specification, it should be noted that other operably similar features can be employed. For instance, the reinforcing sleeve may have dimples, indentations, or warts in place of one or mor~ of the perforations or holes. Any hollowed or recessed area in -the sleeve will function as a potential site for an interlocking protrusion of plastic, so long as its shape, size and location make i-t possible for the plastic material to flow thereinto.
The Drawings The invention may be better understood by reference to the drawings.
~ igure 1 is an elevational view partly in cross section of the assembled fittings wherein the steel reinforcing element or sleeve is substantially encapsulated in the sidewall and illustrates the relationship of the clamp and gasket.
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Figure 2 is an isometric view of the fittings and clamp of ~igure 1.
Figure 3 is an isometric view and partial cross section of another embodiment of the invention wherein the reinforcing element or sleeve is embedded in the outer surface of the pipe fittings and shows the assembled fittings as they would be fused to the ends of plastic yipe to be joined by clamping.
Now referring to Figure 1 the assembled pipe fittings and clamp l are comprised of a first portion 3 having a side thickness 5 of plastic, preferably polyethylene, a plain end 6 and grooved connecting end 27. Substantially encapsulated in thickness 5 is a steel sleeve or reinforcing element 7 in a ring or bandlike shape and having a plurality of circular openings 9 extending through the tubular portion 10 of the reinforcing element 7. Plastic material fills said openings 9 forming interlocking elements 11 therein and substantially encapsulating that portion of the reinforcing element 7. Groove 12 of reinforcing element 7 is exposed via an opening in the surface of thîckness 5. Groove 12 is formed by upstanding portion 13 of thickness and upstanding portion 15 of reinforcing element 7. ~he metallic portion of groove 12 extends ou-t of sidewall material 5 to provide a metal contact surface for clamp 19. Portion 1~ is identical to portion 3. Clamp 19 has ringlike portions 21 fitting into groove 12 for holding the two sections 3 and 17 -together and preventing movement.
Gasket member 23 is compressed in the circular groove 25 against the grooved pipe connecting ends 27 and 29 to form a seal. Bolt member 31 is used to hold the matching portions 33 and 35 together at parting line 37 to form a pressure tight assembled fitting. By substantially encapsulating the reinforcing element 7 in the plastic and with the plastic extending through holes 9 interlocking elements 11 are formed and a fitting resistant to pullout is obtained. An isometric view of the fitting of Figure 1 is shown in Figure 2.
Now referring to Figure 3, another embodiment of the invention is shown in which part of the plastic of thickness 5' of section 3' extends through ~he holes 9' of the reinforcing element 7' forming interlocking elements ll' whose outer surfaces are substantially flush with -the outs1de surface 10' thereof. Eigure 3 .
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~ 3 ~29 .1 also illustrates the relationship of the complete fitting when welded to pipe end sections 14' and 16' by fusion.
The preferred embodiment is that of Figure 1 in which the reinforcing band is substantially encapsulated into thickness 5. This diminishes the danger of corrosion of the reinforcing element 7 and provides high pullout strength.
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Objects of the Invention It is therefore an object of this invention to provide plastic pipe adapted for coupling with mechanical clamp-type coupling devices. It is another object of this inven-tion to provide a method for producing pipes adapted for coupling with mechanical clamp-type coupling devices. It is still another object of the invention to provide means for adapting plastic pipe to be coupled with pipes of the other materials of construction.
Other aspects, objects and the various advantages of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the specification, the appended claims and the drawing.
Statement of the Invention This invention provides a fitting for coupling the ends of plastic pipes. The coupling means can be either a metal sleeve or a reinforcing sleeve/plastic stub combination which has at least one means for engaging wi-th a mechanical clamp at one end and means for ;
securing it to a pipe at the other. Generally, the pipe or stub employed will be circular and of larger, smaller, or about equal ~`~`` diameter compared to the sleeve. The sleeve and the pipe sections are preferably coaxial. Preferably, the metal sleeve has a peripheral or ~;~ circumferen-tial groove or shoulder on its outer surface to permit its . -:
~ use with a mechanical clamp-type coupling. The metal sleeve also has a :
plurality of perforations or holes therein such that when -the end of ` ~ the plastic pipe is molded in close proximity thereto--e.g., by injection molding or extrusion--the fused plastic flows into the perforations, forming interlocking elements between the pipe section and the sleeve. The interlocking elements are an integral part of the plastic pipe.
In one embodiment of the invention, the coupling means can be made by injection molding. This is done by placing the sleeve having holes therein into the mold and injecting the plastic material around it.
In another embodiment, the finished pipe ends, with sleeves ~; in place are coupled utilizing a mechanical clamp which keys into the ; shoulders or grooves in the finished couplers at the ends of the pipes.
In yet another embodiment, a metal sleeve is pre-coupled to a small section of pipe. The small section or s-tub, is anchored in place ,, , ..
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_~ 4 within or around the metal sleeve using methods useful for securing pipe ends therein. The sleeve/stub couple can then be fusion welded to a plastic pipe at the stub end. The grooved sleeve can then be fastened to another grooved sleeve with a mechanical clamp.
Alternatively, two sleevetstub sections can be mechanically joined using the grooved ends and subsequently fusion welded to plastic pipes.
The sleeve and sleeve/stub coupling combinations of this invention are suitable for use with any pipe of plastic or other flexible material whose properties render it troublesome to couple by clamping grooved pipe ends. The metal sleeves are intended to give sufficient strength to the coupling end of the pipe to provide a pressure-tight coupling using a gasketed mechanical clamp-type coupling that is resistant to pulling apart due -to shrinkage and expansion of the pipe. The materials from which the coupling means and pipes are made include plastics. A~ong such ma-terials are various grades of polyethylene, such as Narlex ~Trademark~ TR-438, T~-418 and TR-480 ; ~products of Phillips Petroleum Company, Bartlesville, Oklahoma~; other polyolefins, polyvinylchloride and nylon. ~s noted before, adapted piping of different materials of construction can be joined by the - 20 method of this invention.
If the pipe coupling stub and the pipe are made of the same plastic, they can be joined by solvent welding or butt fusion. In ~- adapting piping, according to this invention, the sleeves can be fitted into place by heating -the pipe to a formable temperature, such as near the softening point, and swagging -the piping to cause sufficient shrinkage to allow the metal sleeves to be slid into place on the pipe or stub. The material from which the pipe or stub is made then is i expanded by forcing a mandrel therethrough so that the material flows `~ into the perforations in the sleeve. Once in place, the sleeve/pipe or sleeve/stub combination can be brought to ambient temperature, so that ~; the pipe or stub material sets in place in the perforations of the sleeve. The combination thus produced can be used with a like combination or other grooved sleeve or pipe end to couple pipes. The grooves or shoulders present in the sleeves or pipes serve to facilitate the positioning of a lock ring on the pipe ends. Instead of ~` grooves, rims, lips, or other clamp-engaging structures can be used.
, .
~ The lock ring can be of the type commonIy employed in Victaulic ,~ .
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.
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~Trademark~ coupling systems. Any type of mechanical clamp which will engage the grooves or shoulders in the sleeves and which can be locked into place is suitable.
The lock ring used in this invention is a metallic ring sized to fit the lock ring groove and cut into a plurality of pieces for easy fi-tting into the groove. The clamp and bolts are made of metal, preferably steel.
The resilient gasket will be a ring type of sufficient size and compressibility to substantially fill the gaske-t groove. Any resilient material of construction is appropriate that is compatible for use with the piping. Neoprenes or other rubbers are among the suitable materials.
Various metals and alloys of metals can be used in fashioning the metal sleeves used in this invention. The metal can be suited to --the end use service of the plastic pipe so that upon contacting spillage metal corrosion will be minimized. The sleeves will usually be made of steel. The sleeves can be made from steel tubing by machining grooves or shoulders therein and drilling holes therein.
It has been stated that the plas-tic pipe is adapted according to this invention to be used with a mechanical clamp-type coupling as ~ set forth in U.S. Patent No. 3,6~5,638. This coupling can be described .~ as a cylindrical segmented coupling housing comprising internal circumferentially keyed sections designed to match external circumferential grooves in piping ends paired for coupling. The ~` coupling housings overlie a resilien-t gasket that is forced into ;~ pressure~tight relationship wi-th the juxtaposed pipe ends by tightening of the plurality of coupling sections togethe~ to form a clamping ring.
The plurality of coupling sections are usually brought together and fixed in a cylindrical position using bolts passed through complementary ears on the coupling sections and fixed in position by - nuts.
The coupling means of the invention may be positioned on the ends of fittings such as tees, ells, wyes, and the Iike, by which a plurality of pipes or conduits can be joined.
The invention is useful for piping of various sizes. Pipe ~` diameters of I/2 inch to 4~ inches are preferred.
' ; ' , l ~ ~0~9 1 The size of the perforations in the reinforcing sleeve depends upon the dimensions of the piping to be adap-ted. In most cases, the diameter of the perforations, if circular, will range from about 1/4 up to 3/4 inch for small diameter pipes and from about 1/2 up to several inches for larger diameter pipes.
The number of perforations, like the size of the ; perforations, depends on the dimensions of the piping which is to be` adapted. There are usually a plurality of perforations; and theyshould be evenly distributed around the circumference of the sleeve and spaced so that they are 10 to ~5 degrees apart along its circumference.
The number of perforations will usually coincide with the number of interlocking elements. I~owever, it is possible to have additional interlocking structures such as hooks, lips or other functional equivalents in or on the reinforcing sleeve.
The perforations will usually be arranged in rows. It is preferred that the rows be staggered so that the stress points in the interlocking region of the coupling are about evenly distributed. A
~` suitable array is shown in the accompanying drawings.
The shape of the perforations is not critical. Elliptical or rectangular openings are operable, but shapes having curves or rounded corners are preferred. ~ircular openings are most preferred.
While the terms "perforations" and "holes" are used throughout the specification, it should be noted that other operably similar features can be employed. For instance, the reinforcing sleeve may have dimples, indentations, or warts in place of one or mor~ of the perforations or holes. Any hollowed or recessed area in -the sleeve will function as a potential site for an interlocking protrusion of plastic, so long as its shape, size and location make i-t possible for the plastic material to flow thereinto.
The Drawings The invention may be better understood by reference to the drawings.
~ igure 1 is an elevational view partly in cross section of the assembled fittings wherein the steel reinforcing element or sleeve is substantially encapsulated in the sidewall and illustrates the relationship of the clamp and gasket.
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Figure 2 is an isometric view of the fittings and clamp of ~igure 1.
Figure 3 is an isometric view and partial cross section of another embodiment of the invention wherein the reinforcing element or sleeve is embedded in the outer surface of the pipe fittings and shows the assembled fittings as they would be fused to the ends of plastic yipe to be joined by clamping.
Now referring to Figure 1 the assembled pipe fittings and clamp l are comprised of a first portion 3 having a side thickness 5 of plastic, preferably polyethylene, a plain end 6 and grooved connecting end 27. Substantially encapsulated in thickness 5 is a steel sleeve or reinforcing element 7 in a ring or bandlike shape and having a plurality of circular openings 9 extending through the tubular portion 10 of the reinforcing element 7. Plastic material fills said openings 9 forming interlocking elements 11 therein and substantially encapsulating that portion of the reinforcing element 7. Groove 12 of reinforcing element 7 is exposed via an opening in the surface of thîckness 5. Groove 12 is formed by upstanding portion 13 of thickness and upstanding portion 15 of reinforcing element 7. ~he metallic portion of groove 12 extends ou-t of sidewall material 5 to provide a metal contact surface for clamp 19. Portion 1~ is identical to portion 3. Clamp 19 has ringlike portions 21 fitting into groove 12 for holding the two sections 3 and 17 -together and preventing movement.
Gasket member 23 is compressed in the circular groove 25 against the grooved pipe connecting ends 27 and 29 to form a seal. Bolt member 31 is used to hold the matching portions 33 and 35 together at parting line 37 to form a pressure tight assembled fitting. By substantially encapsulating the reinforcing element 7 in the plastic and with the plastic extending through holes 9 interlocking elements 11 are formed and a fitting resistant to pullout is obtained. An isometric view of the fitting of Figure 1 is shown in Figure 2.
Now referring to Figure 3, another embodiment of the invention is shown in which part of the plastic of thickness 5' of section 3' extends through ~he holes 9' of the reinforcing element 7' forming interlocking elements ll' whose outer surfaces are substantially flush with -the outs1de surface 10' thereof. Eigure 3 .
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~ 3 ~29 .1 also illustrates the relationship of the complete fitting when welded to pipe end sections 14' and 16' by fusion.
The preferred embodiment is that of Figure 1 in which the reinforcing band is substantially encapsulated into thickness 5. This diminishes the danger of corrosion of the reinforcing element 7 and provides high pullout strength.
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Claims (26)
1. A coupling means for plastic pipe comprising:
(a) a plastic pipe section;
(b) coaxial thereto, a rigid sleeve having a peripheral external shoulder; and (c) a plurality of openings in the sleeve which are filled with plastic interlocking elements, which elements are an integral part of the plastic pipe section.
(a) a plastic pipe section;
(b) coaxial thereto, a rigid sleeve having a peripheral external shoulder; and (c) a plurality of openings in the sleeve which are filled with plastic interlocking elements, which elements are an integral part of the plastic pipe section.
2. The coupling means of claim 1 wherein a portion of the plastic pipe extends beyond the sleeve and forms at least one terminal edge of the coupling means.
3. The coupling means of claim 1 wherein the sleeve is made of metal.
4. The coupling means of claim 2 wherein the sleeve is made of steel.
5. A method of adapting the end of a pipe so that it may be coupled to another pipe, comprising the steps of:
(a) inserting the end section of the pipe into a rigid sleeve, which sleeve has a groove at the end section farthest from the end section at which the tubing is inserted and a plurality of perforations at the other end section;
(b) treating the pipe so that it expands within the sleeve and part of the plastic material fills the perforations in the sleeve;
(c) further treating the sleeve/pipe combination so that the plastic pipe is anchored in the sleeve by the portion thereof which fills the perforations in the sleeve.
(a) inserting the end section of the pipe into a rigid sleeve, which sleeve has a groove at the end section farthest from the end section at which the tubing is inserted and a plurality of perforations at the other end section;
(b) treating the pipe so that it expands within the sleeve and part of the plastic material fills the perforations in the sleeve;
(c) further treating the sleeve/pipe combination so that the plastic pipe is anchored in the sleeve by the portion thereof which fills the perforations in the sleeve.
6. A pipe having at least one end adapted by the process of claim 5.
7. A method of coupling two pipes comprising the steps of:
(a) adapting the ends of two pipes via the method of claim 5;
(b) fastening the adapted pipe ends together with a mechanical clamp.
(a) adapting the ends of two pipes via the method of claim 5;
(b) fastening the adapted pipe ends together with a mechanical clamp.
8. A pipe coupling produced by the method of claim 7.
9. A method of adapting the end of a pipe so that it may be coupled to another pipe, comprising the steps of:
(a) placing a rigid reinforcing element having perforations and an external shoulder as an insert in an injection mold, (b) injecting a plastic material around the reinforcing element so that the plastic flows into the perforations in the reinforcing element and leaves the shoulder exposed, (c) shaping the unreinforced portion of the plastic material so as to form a pipe section.
(a) placing a rigid reinforcing element having perforations and an external shoulder as an insert in an injection mold, (b) injecting a plastic material around the reinforcing element so that the plastic flows into the perforations in the reinforcing element and leaves the shoulder exposed, (c) shaping the unreinforced portion of the plastic material so as to form a pipe section.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the reinforcing element is a metal sleeve.
11. The method of claim 9 or 10 wherein the reinforcing element is a metal sleeve.
12. A method of coupling two pipes comprising the steps of:
(a) adapting the ends of two pipes via the method of claim 9;
(b) fastening the adapted pipe ends together with a mechanical clamp.
(a) adapting the ends of two pipes via the method of claim 9;
(b) fastening the adapted pipe ends together with a mechanical clamp.
13. A pipe coupling produced by the method of claim 12.
14. A piping tee having the coupling means of claim 1 on at least one end thereof.
15. A piping tee connector having the coupling means of claim 3 on at least one end thereof.
16. A piping cross having the coupling means of claim 1 on at least one end thereof.
17. A piping cross having the coupling means of claim 3 on at least one end thereof.
18. A piping ell having the coupling means of claim 1 on at least one end thereof.
19. A piping ell having the coupling means of claim 3 on at least one end thereof.
20. A piping wye having the coupling means of claim 1 on at least one end thereof.
21. A piping wye having the coupling means of claim 3 on at least one end thereof.
22. A pipe connector for two or more sections of pipe having the coupling means of claims 8 or 13 on at least one end thereof.
23. A piping tee connector having the coupling means of claim 4 on at least one end thereof.
24. A piping cross having the coupling means of claim 4 on at least one end thereof.
25. A piping ell having the coupling means of claim 4 on at least one end thereof.
26. A piping wye having the coupling means of claim 4 on at least one end thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US19054380A | 1980-09-24 | 1980-09-24 | |
| US190,543 | 1980-09-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1170291A true CA1170291A (en) | 1984-07-03 |
Family
ID=22701772
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000384907A Expired CA1170291A (en) | 1980-09-24 | 1981-08-31 | Clamp-type pipe coupling |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1170291A (en) |
| MX (1) | MX154558A (en) |
-
1981
- 1981-08-31 CA CA000384907A patent/CA1170291A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-09-23 MX MX18927881A patent/MX154558A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX154558A (en) | 1987-09-25 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20010703 |