CA1165667A - Apparatus for cutting and splitting wood - Google Patents
Apparatus for cutting and splitting woodInfo
- Publication number
- CA1165667A CA1165667A CA000382249A CA382249A CA1165667A CA 1165667 A CA1165667 A CA 1165667A CA 000382249 A CA000382249 A CA 000382249A CA 382249 A CA382249 A CA 382249A CA 1165667 A CA1165667 A CA 1165667A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- wood
- severing
- severing means
- work support
- terized
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
- B27L7/00—Arrangements for splitting wood
- B27L7/06—Arrangements for splitting wood using wedges, knives or spreaders
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
- Scissors And Nippers (AREA)
Abstract
APPLICANT: THORDAB FINMEKANISKA AB
INVENTOR: SETH A. H?GGQVIST
TITLE: APPARATUS FOR CUTTING AND SPLITTING WOOD
Abstract of the Disclosure Apparatus for simultaneously cutting and splitting wood including a work support for the wood to be severed and a severing means having edges running across the grain of the wood and acting reciprocatorily relative to the work support.
The work support includes a support surface arrangement for the wood, extending in the longitudinal direction of the wood with sides placed against each other at least substantially in V-shape, The severing means is also at least substantially V-shaped, the vertex angle of the support surface arrangement being greater than the vertex angle of the severing means. The vertex angle of the support surface arrangement should lie between 90 and 160°, preferably about 120 , while the vertex angle of the severing means should lie-between 30 and 90°, preferably between 45 and 65° and particularly between 55 and 60°
INVENTOR: SETH A. H?GGQVIST
TITLE: APPARATUS FOR CUTTING AND SPLITTING WOOD
Abstract of the Disclosure Apparatus for simultaneously cutting and splitting wood including a work support for the wood to be severed and a severing means having edges running across the grain of the wood and acting reciprocatorily relative to the work support.
The work support includes a support surface arrangement for the wood, extending in the longitudinal direction of the wood with sides placed against each other at least substantially in V-shape, The severing means is also at least substantially V-shaped, the vertex angle of the support surface arrangement being greater than the vertex angle of the severing means. The vertex angle of the support surface arrangement should lie between 90 and 160°, preferably about 120 , while the vertex angle of the severing means should lie-between 30 and 90°, preferably between 45 and 65° and particularly between 55 and 60°
Description
1 3~656~3~
Appara tus for CuttinCJ and s~itting wood The present invention relates -to an appratus for simultaneously cuttin~ and splitting wood, including a work support on which to place wood intended for severing and an edged severing means reciprocally operating in relating to said support at right angles to the grain of the wood.
Although many different apparatuses for solely splitting wood already cut have been in use for a long while, only a few apparatuses for simultaneously cut-ting and splitting have so far been proposed, in spite of the cutting of the wood itself some-times being the most time and work-consuming operation, which is usually done with the aid of circular saws.
There appear to be several reasons for this. To obtain simultaneous cutting and splitting) the severing means must have a sufficiently effective severing capacity both across and with the length of the wood, while the apparatus in its entirety must have reasonable dimensions and such a compact construction tha-t it will be generally usa~le at all the working sites of very varying character where it is suit~-~le to chop up wood. Apart from being simple and easy to ~ook after, such an appratus must furthermore be easy to work with which not least requires a simple drive means which is not in ~ need of much supervision for providing the working movements of the severing means. Further to having the capacity of properly severing the wood, the severing means itself must finally be so designed that it does not require any great driving force.
The apparatuses so far proposed for simultaneously cutting and splitting wood appear to have been deficien-t ln , 5 6 G ~
most of these respects, however, and have therefore no-t had any appreciable practical importance. This is the case, for example, with the apparatus described in the U.S. pa-tent specification 1 041 014, illus-trating a voluminous and clumsy stationary apparatus which is generally reminiscent of a steam-driven drop hammer, which has been provided with a guided severing means having reciprocal operatin~ movements agains-t a chopping block-like work support for the wood which is to be severed in the apparatus.
Even if this apparatus were altered so radically, with retention of its severing tool with its crosswise arranged edges for simultaneous cutting and splitting, that its drop hammer-like arrangement were e~changed for one oE the more ..
simple and compact arrangements e.g. from one of the U.S.
15 patent specifications 899 328, 3 938 567 or ~ 103 724 asso-ciated with apparatuses for solely splitting wood already cut, this would indeed result in several importan-t advantages but not result in any effective and practically usable apparatus.
Its severing tool, providing both cutting and splitting, would namely still be ineffective and unnecessarily power-demanding.
The invention therefore has the objec-t of providing a new and improved apparatus of the kind mentioned in the intro-duction, which is not burdened with the disadvantages described here and which apply to the known apparatus~s.
An apparatus carried out in accordance with the inven-tiont which has been found in practical tests to meet this purpose~ is primarily characterized in that the work support includes a support surface arrangement for the wood extending in the longitudinal direction thereof with sldes a-t least ~ ~65~
substantially arranged in a V-shape, and tha-t the severing means also is at leas-t subs-tan-tially V-shaped, the ver-tex angle of the support sur~ace arrangemen-t being greater than the vertex angle of the severing means. By formillg -the support sur~ace arrangement in this manner, and with the edge severing means, there is achieved an ex-tremely effective severing of the wood along its length as well as transversely, combined to advantage with a comparatively minor power requirement. This also gives the necessary basic conditions for an appratus in accordance with the invention also being given such moderate dimensions and such a simple and compact structure in combina~
tion with a drive means which is simple and easy to look after that it can be given an embodiment, e.g. coupleable and l~n-coupleable to an ordinary agricultural tractor/wi-th a comfort-able working height and simple power supply from the tractor.
A really effective wood severing both lengthwise and transversely is obtained if the vertex angle of the support surface arrangement is between 90 and 160, and then preferably about 120, while the vertex angle of the severing means is between 30 and 90, and preEerably between 45 and 65. It is particularly advantageous if the latter vertex angle is between 55 and 60. By this combination of the V-shaped support sur~ace arrangement and the similarly V-shaped vertex angle si~es of the severing means, there is namely obtained, apart from a more or less automatic centering of round wood intended for severing, a suitable working position ~or the wood simultaneously as the severing means is given a really effective cutting and cleaving action on it.
In order to obtain cracks along the wood which facilitate 5 6 Ç~
splitting e.g. with wood which is knotty and dif~icult to split, the severing means can have at least one ~urther edge apart from the edges running across the grain of the wood, this edge running at right angles to the -transverse edges and with the grain of the wood. It is then particularly advantage-ous if the edge running with the grain is in front of the edges at right angles thereto, seen in the direc-tion of the active stroke of the severing means. The edges running with the grain will thereby contribute to centering the wood, as well as providing a crack which directly initiates the subsequent ac-tual cleavage.
An appratus in accordance with the invention is given a particularly advantageous embodiment from -the point o~ view of work if, seen in the feed direction through the apparatus, -the work support is situated between a feeding trough ~or -the wood intended for severing and a stop, suitably adjus-table as to its position, against which the wood is pushed and which determines the length of the firewood created by severing the wood. The stop is pre~erably infinitely variably adjusta~le and combined wi-th a signal-emitting means which gives -the-pertinent dri~e means order to impart to the severing means a stroke for severing the exposed length of wood with subsequent return to a readiness position.
If the work support is given the form of a trough, more or less automatic centering of the longer pieces of firewood intended for processing is obtained. Furthermore, the support can also be manufactured in an extremely simple and advantage-ous manner from bent heavy plate.
In a suitable embodiment of an app~atus in accordance ~ ~6S~
with the ini~ention -there are means which give yuidance to -the severing means during its movement, as well as acting as a scraper for the means. The latter func-tion is of value parti-cularly for preventing operational disturbances such as otherwise would occur if the firewood clung to the severing means thus jeopardizing the effect of its subsequent working s-troke. The guiding and scraping means is given a simple and reliable form if it is given the shape of a wishbone~ which is curved over at least a portion of the work support and against which the severing means during its motion ~ es against with the edges across the grain of the wood.
For use e.g. -together with a tractor, an appratus in accordance with the invention will have a suitable structure if its severing means is adapted on a head reciprocally displaceable along at least one guide, which at one end carries the work support and at the other end a driving means mounted between the support and the head, e.y. a pressure cylinder, for providing the reciprocal motion in relation to the work support of the head and thereby the severing means also. An apparatus
Appara tus for CuttinCJ and s~itting wood The present invention relates -to an appratus for simultaneously cuttin~ and splitting wood, including a work support on which to place wood intended for severing and an edged severing means reciprocally operating in relating to said support at right angles to the grain of the wood.
Although many different apparatuses for solely splitting wood already cut have been in use for a long while, only a few apparatuses for simultaneously cut-ting and splitting have so far been proposed, in spite of the cutting of the wood itself some-times being the most time and work-consuming operation, which is usually done with the aid of circular saws.
There appear to be several reasons for this. To obtain simultaneous cutting and splitting) the severing means must have a sufficiently effective severing capacity both across and with the length of the wood, while the apparatus in its entirety must have reasonable dimensions and such a compact construction tha-t it will be generally usa~le at all the working sites of very varying character where it is suit~-~le to chop up wood. Apart from being simple and easy to ~ook after, such an appratus must furthermore be easy to work with which not least requires a simple drive means which is not in ~ need of much supervision for providing the working movements of the severing means. Further to having the capacity of properly severing the wood, the severing means itself must finally be so designed that it does not require any great driving force.
The apparatuses so far proposed for simultaneously cutting and splitting wood appear to have been deficien-t ln , 5 6 G ~
most of these respects, however, and have therefore no-t had any appreciable practical importance. This is the case, for example, with the apparatus described in the U.S. pa-tent specification 1 041 014, illus-trating a voluminous and clumsy stationary apparatus which is generally reminiscent of a steam-driven drop hammer, which has been provided with a guided severing means having reciprocal operatin~ movements agains-t a chopping block-like work support for the wood which is to be severed in the apparatus.
Even if this apparatus were altered so radically, with retention of its severing tool with its crosswise arranged edges for simultaneous cutting and splitting, that its drop hammer-like arrangement were e~changed for one oE the more ..
simple and compact arrangements e.g. from one of the U.S.
15 patent specifications 899 328, 3 938 567 or ~ 103 724 asso-ciated with apparatuses for solely splitting wood already cut, this would indeed result in several importan-t advantages but not result in any effective and practically usable apparatus.
Its severing tool, providing both cutting and splitting, would namely still be ineffective and unnecessarily power-demanding.
The invention therefore has the objec-t of providing a new and improved apparatus of the kind mentioned in the intro-duction, which is not burdened with the disadvantages described here and which apply to the known apparatus~s.
An apparatus carried out in accordance with the inven-tiont which has been found in practical tests to meet this purpose~ is primarily characterized in that the work support includes a support surface arrangement for the wood extending in the longitudinal direction thereof with sldes a-t least ~ ~65~
substantially arranged in a V-shape, and tha-t the severing means also is at leas-t subs-tan-tially V-shaped, the ver-tex angle of the support sur~ace arrangemen-t being greater than the vertex angle of the severing means. By formillg -the support sur~ace arrangement in this manner, and with the edge severing means, there is achieved an ex-tremely effective severing of the wood along its length as well as transversely, combined to advantage with a comparatively minor power requirement. This also gives the necessary basic conditions for an appratus in accordance with the invention also being given such moderate dimensions and such a simple and compact structure in combina~
tion with a drive means which is simple and easy to look after that it can be given an embodiment, e.g. coupleable and l~n-coupleable to an ordinary agricultural tractor/wi-th a comfort-able working height and simple power supply from the tractor.
A really effective wood severing both lengthwise and transversely is obtained if the vertex angle of the support surface arrangement is between 90 and 160, and then preferably about 120, while the vertex angle of the severing means is between 30 and 90, and preEerably between 45 and 65. It is particularly advantageous if the latter vertex angle is between 55 and 60. By this combination of the V-shaped support sur~ace arrangement and the similarly V-shaped vertex angle si~es of the severing means, there is namely obtained, apart from a more or less automatic centering of round wood intended for severing, a suitable working position ~or the wood simultaneously as the severing means is given a really effective cutting and cleaving action on it.
In order to obtain cracks along the wood which facilitate 5 6 Ç~
splitting e.g. with wood which is knotty and dif~icult to split, the severing means can have at least one ~urther edge apart from the edges running across the grain of the wood, this edge running at right angles to the -transverse edges and with the grain of the wood. It is then particularly advantage-ous if the edge running with the grain is in front of the edges at right angles thereto, seen in the direc-tion of the active stroke of the severing means. The edges running with the grain will thereby contribute to centering the wood, as well as providing a crack which directly initiates the subsequent ac-tual cleavage.
An appratus in accordance with the invention is given a particularly advantageous embodiment from -the point o~ view of work if, seen in the feed direction through the apparatus, -the work support is situated between a feeding trough ~or -the wood intended for severing and a stop, suitably adjus-table as to its position, against which the wood is pushed and which determines the length of the firewood created by severing the wood. The stop is pre~erably infinitely variably adjusta~le and combined wi-th a signal-emitting means which gives -the-pertinent dri~e means order to impart to the severing means a stroke for severing the exposed length of wood with subsequent return to a readiness position.
If the work support is given the form of a trough, more or less automatic centering of the longer pieces of firewood intended for processing is obtained. Furthermore, the support can also be manufactured in an extremely simple and advantage-ous manner from bent heavy plate.
In a suitable embodiment of an app~atus in accordance ~ ~6S~
with the ini~ention -there are means which give yuidance to -the severing means during its movement, as well as acting as a scraper for the means. The latter func-tion is of value parti-cularly for preventing operational disturbances such as otherwise would occur if the firewood clung to the severing means thus jeopardizing the effect of its subsequent working s-troke. The guiding and scraping means is given a simple and reliable form if it is given the shape of a wishbone~ which is curved over at least a portion of the work support and against which the severing means during its motion ~ es against with the edges across the grain of the wood.
For use e.g. -together with a tractor, an appratus in accordance with the invention will have a suitable structure if its severing means is adapted on a head reciprocally displaceable along at least one guide, which at one end carries the work support and at the other end a driving means mounted between the support and the head, e.y. a pressure cylinder, for providing the reciprocal motion in relation to the work support of the head and thereby the severing means also. An apparatus
2~ designed in this way is narnely very easy to mount with the aid oE the conventional implement carrier of -the tractor, and the pressure oil system of the tractor can furthermore be used to drive the pressure cylinder of the apparatus.
The invention will now be described in the following, while referring -to an embodiment illustrated in the appended drawing, where Fig. l is a view of the input side, Fig. 2 is a view of the output side, and Fig. 3 finally is a view, seen from the right in Flg. l, ~ 5 --~ :165~6~
of an embodimen-t of an appra-tus ln accordance with the inven-tion.
An inventive apparatus can either be desiyned for stationary or mobile use. For stationary use, it is provided with a frame which can be made like a foot in order to give the necessary support agains-t the substructure, or it can also have the form of a vertical pillar or the like of su.itable stiffness, which is anchored in the substructure. For mobile use, the apparatus is provided with such aids, on the other hand, that it can easily be connected to the implement carriers of a conven-tional tractor, for example, when required. The embodiment selected here relates to such a trac-tor-carried embodiment.
As will be seen from the drawingr an apparatus in accordance with the invention for simultaneously cutting and splitting wood includes a work support 1 for the wood intended for severing, and a severing means 2 reciprocatory in relation to said support.
The work support 1 can be formed in many differen-t ways and in the embodiment illustrated here it has an appearance most closely reminiscent of a trough. ~t is made from bent heavy plate and its cross section is that of a V wi-th a vertex angle sufficiently small for good centering of the wood intended for processing, simultaneously as it is large enough not to hinder the cleavage of the wood, which the severing means 2 achieves during its working stroke in a direction towards the wood lying in the work support or trough lo The support or trough 1 furthermore has a length such that proper support is yiven to a length of wood intended for severing ~ 1~5~7 and resting in the trou~h. Dangerous tipping movements of the opposite end of the wood ln conjuncti.on with the working stroke of the apparatus are thus inhibited.
A feeding trough 3 should also be arranged in line with the work support or trough 1. The trough 3 can also be designed in many different ways, but has to advantage the V-shaped cross section shown here, which should have a somewhat smaller vertex angle than the similarly trough-shaped work support 1, so that the wood is really centered. In the embodiment shown here, the feeding trough 3 is made from bent heavy plate, similarly to the trough-shaped work support 1.
Both the work support 1 for the wood and the feeding trough 3 aligned therewith are welded to a pair of brackets ~,5 in the embodiment shown, said brackets in turn being attached to either side of the lower end of a more or less vertically orien-ted guide 6, which can have the form of a box section or the like to provide guidance for the reciprocal motion relative to the work support 1 of the severing mean~ 2 for the wood which is to be severed.
The severing means 2 itself is suitably removably attached by means of bolts or the like to a head 7 ylidably mounted on the guide 6, the head being provided in the embodi-ment illustrat~d here with two projecting lugs ~,9 for this purpose. Between the two lugs 8,9 of the head which is glidable on the guide, there is furthermore attached the piston rod end 11 projecting from a pressure cylinder 10 provided with a piston, while the cylinder is attached at its other end between two brackets 12,13 fastened on either side of the upper end of the guide 6. The severing means 2 will -thus obtain a movement ~5~t~
towards the work support 1 when the cylinder 10 is filled with pressure medium, and a return movement away from the work support when the cylinder is emptied. The necessary pressure medium is obtained from the oil pressure system of the -tractor intended for carrying the apparatus.
The severing means 2, which is active across the grain of the wood, has in all essentials the appearance of a V-shaped plate provided with edges 14 at its sides. In accordance with the invention, the vertex angle of -this plate shall be less than the vertex angle of the support surface arrangement afforded by the V-shaped trough cons-tituting the work support 1. More precisely, -the angurlarly arranged support surfaces of the work support 1 shall be between gO and 160 in accordance with the invention, and preferably about 120, whereas the vertex angle oE the severing means 2 shall be between 30 and 90, preferably between 45 and 65, and particularly between 55 and 60. With these vertex angle quantity values of the work support and severing means there is ob-tained, apar-t frorn a good and uninhibiting cleavage centering of the wood in the work support, an extremely good cutting and simultaneous splitting effect on -the wood for -the severing means also.
To provide crack formation initiating cleavage, it can be suitable, particularly with wood which is ~notty and difficult to split, to provide the severing means 2 with at least one fur-ther edge 15 in addition to the edges 1~ extending across the grain of the wood, said further edge then extending at right angles to the two other edges. Said further edge 15 will thus lie in the direction or grain of the wood and lL 16~66~
furthermore, to be really ef~ective, it must come before the two edges 14 which are moun-ted across the grain of the wood, as seen in the direction o~ the ac-tive s-troke of the severing means 2. The main function of sa:id edge 15 is to provide a crack in the wood, since the major splitting work is carried out in prac-tice by -the two edges 14 across the grain of the wood, by the wedging forces generated by said edges when -they are forced down into the wood to cut it.
As is par-ticularly well apparent from Fig. 3, the work support 1, seen in the feed direction of the wood through the apparatus, is situated between the feeding trough 3 for the wood and a stop 16, suitably adjus-ted as to its posl-tion, against which the wood is pushed and which determines the length of the firewood produced. Said stop is suitably in-finitely variably adjustable for cutting lengths up to 90 cm.In the embodiment shown here, it is a pad mounted on a central shaf-t displaceable in an arm-like bracket 17 projecting from the guide 6. The setting position can suitably be provided by an easily operable clamping means 18 about the cen-tral sh-aft 19 of -the flat stop. It is suitable and labour-saving for- the stop 16 to be provided with an operating means, not shwon here, which emits a signal to the drive means when the end of a piece of wood comes into contact with the stop, to provide a reciprocating stroke of the severing means 2 with the aid of the pressure cylinder 10 against the wood fed forward into the severing position. Simple automatic control of the operating movements of the apparatus is achieved hereby.
Partly to give guidance to the severing means 2 during its motion, and partLy to act as a scraper for the -two edges 6 ~ ~
14 of said means, which are placed across the wood grain, there is a member 20 having the form of an inver-ted U in cross section, which is arched over at least a portion of the work support l and possibly also over the feeding trough 3, the severlng means 2 gliding with its edges 14 against said member 20. Apart Erom actin~ as a guide for the severing element in its entirety and as a scraper for the two edges 14 of the means, the member 20 also serves as protection against flying-up of -the wood processed in the appara-tus.
For mounting on the implement carriers of a conventional agricultural tractor, the embodiment shown here of an apparatus in accordance with the invention is provided with a rigid vertical support 21 attached to the guide 6, said support 21 having a plurality of attachment holes 22. At the lower end of this vertical support there is attached a carryi.ng beam 23 projecting out on either side of said support, stub shafts 24 being mounted on the two free ends of said beam. Said stub shafts are directly adapted for coaction wi-th the tractor implement carrier. With sui-table anchoring, the apparatus shown here can also be used for stationary operation. The pressure cylinder 10 is then suitably fed by a separa-te pump unit, or some form of drive means other than a pressure cylinder can be used, in which case such means must be capable of giving the severing means 2 the necessary reciprocating motion.
An apparatus in accordance with the invention appears primarily suited to the production of split wood in lengths of up to 90 cm, from round timber with diame-ters up to about 20 cm. However, it is also suitable for processing demolishion timber, waste r~ood after building operations and the llke, ~ ~566~
where cutting with a circular saw or mo-tor-saw is not suit-able because of nails, sand and the like in the wood. Further-more, the apparatus can naturally be used solely for spli-t-ting wood already sawn, or also solely for cut-ting, the severing means in the ~irst case having -the form of a splitting wedge and the work support the form of a slab. In the second case the wood is preferably smaller with diameters of less -than 6-8 cm, when several tree trunks can be simultaneously placed in the feeding trough, cutting-off only ta]cing place since the tip of the tool does not then meet any trunk causing it to split.
A severing means 2 with a more acute angle re~uires longer strokes than one with a more obtuse angle for cuttiny the same wood dimension. In return there is obtained be-tter cutting force and more advantageous wedgin~ action, even if a greater stroke causes the apparatus to work more slowly at the same time. The reverse situation wi-th a more obtuse angle of the severing means 2 gives a shorter stroke and increased production rate but poorer cutting and splittiny effect at -the 2~ same time.
The invention is not limited to -the embodiment described here and illustra-ted in the drawing, but can be modified in many ways within the scope of the claims.
The invention will now be described in the following, while referring -to an embodiment illustrated in the appended drawing, where Fig. l is a view of the input side, Fig. 2 is a view of the output side, and Fig. 3 finally is a view, seen from the right in Flg. l, ~ 5 --~ :165~6~
of an embodimen-t of an appra-tus ln accordance with the inven-tion.
An inventive apparatus can either be desiyned for stationary or mobile use. For stationary use, it is provided with a frame which can be made like a foot in order to give the necessary support agains-t the substructure, or it can also have the form of a vertical pillar or the like of su.itable stiffness, which is anchored in the substructure. For mobile use, the apparatus is provided with such aids, on the other hand, that it can easily be connected to the implement carriers of a conven-tional tractor, for example, when required. The embodiment selected here relates to such a trac-tor-carried embodiment.
As will be seen from the drawingr an apparatus in accordance with the invention for simultaneously cutting and splitting wood includes a work support 1 for the wood intended for severing, and a severing means 2 reciprocatory in relation to said support.
The work support 1 can be formed in many differen-t ways and in the embodiment illustrated here it has an appearance most closely reminiscent of a trough. ~t is made from bent heavy plate and its cross section is that of a V wi-th a vertex angle sufficiently small for good centering of the wood intended for processing, simultaneously as it is large enough not to hinder the cleavage of the wood, which the severing means 2 achieves during its working stroke in a direction towards the wood lying in the work support or trough lo The support or trough 1 furthermore has a length such that proper support is yiven to a length of wood intended for severing ~ 1~5~7 and resting in the trou~h. Dangerous tipping movements of the opposite end of the wood ln conjuncti.on with the working stroke of the apparatus are thus inhibited.
A feeding trough 3 should also be arranged in line with the work support or trough 1. The trough 3 can also be designed in many different ways, but has to advantage the V-shaped cross section shown here, which should have a somewhat smaller vertex angle than the similarly trough-shaped work support 1, so that the wood is really centered. In the embodiment shown here, the feeding trough 3 is made from bent heavy plate, similarly to the trough-shaped work support 1.
Both the work support 1 for the wood and the feeding trough 3 aligned therewith are welded to a pair of brackets ~,5 in the embodiment shown, said brackets in turn being attached to either side of the lower end of a more or less vertically orien-ted guide 6, which can have the form of a box section or the like to provide guidance for the reciprocal motion relative to the work support 1 of the severing mean~ 2 for the wood which is to be severed.
The severing means 2 itself is suitably removably attached by means of bolts or the like to a head 7 ylidably mounted on the guide 6, the head being provided in the embodi-ment illustrat~d here with two projecting lugs ~,9 for this purpose. Between the two lugs 8,9 of the head which is glidable on the guide, there is furthermore attached the piston rod end 11 projecting from a pressure cylinder 10 provided with a piston, while the cylinder is attached at its other end between two brackets 12,13 fastened on either side of the upper end of the guide 6. The severing means 2 will -thus obtain a movement ~5~t~
towards the work support 1 when the cylinder 10 is filled with pressure medium, and a return movement away from the work support when the cylinder is emptied. The necessary pressure medium is obtained from the oil pressure system of the -tractor intended for carrying the apparatus.
The severing means 2, which is active across the grain of the wood, has in all essentials the appearance of a V-shaped plate provided with edges 14 at its sides. In accordance with the invention, the vertex angle of -this plate shall be less than the vertex angle of the support surface arrangement afforded by the V-shaped trough cons-tituting the work support 1. More precisely, -the angurlarly arranged support surfaces of the work support 1 shall be between gO and 160 in accordance with the invention, and preferably about 120, whereas the vertex angle oE the severing means 2 shall be between 30 and 90, preferably between 45 and 65, and particularly between 55 and 60. With these vertex angle quantity values of the work support and severing means there is ob-tained, apar-t frorn a good and uninhibiting cleavage centering of the wood in the work support, an extremely good cutting and simultaneous splitting effect on -the wood for -the severing means also.
To provide crack formation initiating cleavage, it can be suitable, particularly with wood which is ~notty and difficult to split, to provide the severing means 2 with at least one fur-ther edge 15 in addition to the edges 1~ extending across the grain of the wood, said further edge then extending at right angles to the two other edges. Said further edge 15 will thus lie in the direction or grain of the wood and lL 16~66~
furthermore, to be really ef~ective, it must come before the two edges 14 which are moun-ted across the grain of the wood, as seen in the direction o~ the ac-tive s-troke of the severing means 2. The main function of sa:id edge 15 is to provide a crack in the wood, since the major splitting work is carried out in prac-tice by -the two edges 14 across the grain of the wood, by the wedging forces generated by said edges when -they are forced down into the wood to cut it.
As is par-ticularly well apparent from Fig. 3, the work support 1, seen in the feed direction of the wood through the apparatus, is situated between the feeding trough 3 for the wood and a stop 16, suitably adjus-ted as to its posl-tion, against which the wood is pushed and which determines the length of the firewood produced. Said stop is suitably in-finitely variably adjustable for cutting lengths up to 90 cm.In the embodiment shown here, it is a pad mounted on a central shaf-t displaceable in an arm-like bracket 17 projecting from the guide 6. The setting position can suitably be provided by an easily operable clamping means 18 about the cen-tral sh-aft 19 of -the flat stop. It is suitable and labour-saving for- the stop 16 to be provided with an operating means, not shwon here, which emits a signal to the drive means when the end of a piece of wood comes into contact with the stop, to provide a reciprocating stroke of the severing means 2 with the aid of the pressure cylinder 10 against the wood fed forward into the severing position. Simple automatic control of the operating movements of the apparatus is achieved hereby.
Partly to give guidance to the severing means 2 during its motion, and partLy to act as a scraper for the -two edges 6 ~ ~
14 of said means, which are placed across the wood grain, there is a member 20 having the form of an inver-ted U in cross section, which is arched over at least a portion of the work support l and possibly also over the feeding trough 3, the severlng means 2 gliding with its edges 14 against said member 20. Apart Erom actin~ as a guide for the severing element in its entirety and as a scraper for the two edges 14 of the means, the member 20 also serves as protection against flying-up of -the wood processed in the appara-tus.
For mounting on the implement carriers of a conventional agricultural tractor, the embodiment shown here of an apparatus in accordance with the invention is provided with a rigid vertical support 21 attached to the guide 6, said support 21 having a plurality of attachment holes 22. At the lower end of this vertical support there is attached a carryi.ng beam 23 projecting out on either side of said support, stub shafts 24 being mounted on the two free ends of said beam. Said stub shafts are directly adapted for coaction wi-th the tractor implement carrier. With sui-table anchoring, the apparatus shown here can also be used for stationary operation. The pressure cylinder 10 is then suitably fed by a separa-te pump unit, or some form of drive means other than a pressure cylinder can be used, in which case such means must be capable of giving the severing means 2 the necessary reciprocating motion.
An apparatus in accordance with the invention appears primarily suited to the production of split wood in lengths of up to 90 cm, from round timber with diame-ters up to about 20 cm. However, it is also suitable for processing demolishion timber, waste r~ood after building operations and the llke, ~ ~566~
where cutting with a circular saw or mo-tor-saw is not suit-able because of nails, sand and the like in the wood. Further-more, the apparatus can naturally be used solely for spli-t-ting wood already sawn, or also solely for cut-ting, the severing means in the ~irst case having -the form of a splitting wedge and the work support the form of a slab. In the second case the wood is preferably smaller with diameters of less -than 6-8 cm, when several tree trunks can be simultaneously placed in the feeding trough, cutting-off only ta]cing place since the tip of the tool does not then meet any trunk causing it to split.
A severing means 2 with a more acute angle re~uires longer strokes than one with a more obtuse angle for cuttiny the same wood dimension. In return there is obtained be-tter cutting force and more advantageous wedgin~ action, even if a greater stroke causes the apparatus to work more slowly at the same time. The reverse situation wi-th a more obtuse angle of the severing means 2 gives a shorter stroke and increased production rate but poorer cutting and splittiny effect at -the 2~ same time.
The invention is not limited to -the embodiment described here and illustra-ted in the drawing, but can be modified in many ways within the scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. An apparatus intended for simultaneously cutting and splitting wood, including a work support for the wood intended for severing, and a severing means operating reciprocally in relation to said support and provided with edges acting across the grain of the wood, characterized in that the work support includes a sup-port surface arrangement intended for the wood and extending in the longitudinal direction of the wood with sides having a position towards each other which is sub-stantially in the shape of a V, and in that the severing means is at least substantially V-shaped, the vertex angle of the support surface arrangement being greater than the vertex angle of the severing means.
2. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, charac-terized in that the vertex angle of the support surface arrangement is between 90 and 160° and preferably about 120°, while the vertex angle of the severing means is between 30 and 90° and preferably between 45 and 65°, and in particular between 55 and 60°.
3. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, charac-terized in that the severing means has, further to the edges running across the grain of the wood, at least one additional edge extending at right angles to the transverse edges and with the grain of the wood.
4. An apparatus as claimed in claim 3, charac-terized in that the edge extending along the grain of the wood is in front of the edges extending across the grain of the wood, as seen in the direction of the active stroke of the severing means.
5. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, charac-terized in that the work support, seen in the direction of the wood feed through the apparatus, is situated between a feeding trough for the wood intended for severing, and a stop suitably adjustable as to its posi-tion, against which stop the wood is pushed and which determines the length of the firewood produced by severing the wood.
6. An apparatus as claimed in claim 5, charac-terized in that the work support also has the form of a trough.
7. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, charac-terized in that there is a means giving guidance to the severing means during its motion, and also acting as a scraper for said severing means.
8. An apparatus as claimed in claim 7, charac-terized in that the guiding and scraping means has the form of a U-shaped member which is arched over at least a portion of the work support and against which the severing means glides during its motion with the edges extending across the grain of the wood.
9. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, charac-terized in that the severing means is adapted on a head displaceable reciprocatingly along at least one guide, said guide at one end carrying the work support and at the other end a driving means mounted between the head and said other end, e.g. a pressure cylinder for providing reciprocatory motion in relation to the work support of the head and thereby also the severing means.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE8005370-5 | 1980-07-24 | ||
| SE8005370A SE440039B (en) | 1980-07-24 | 1980-07-24 | Device for chopping and splitting of wood |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1165667A true CA1165667A (en) | 1984-04-17 |
Family
ID=20341480
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000382249A Expired CA1165667A (en) | 1980-07-24 | 1981-07-22 | Apparatus for cutting and splitting wood |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1165667A (en) |
| FI (1) | FI812249A7 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO152593C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE440039B (en) |
-
1980
- 1980-07-24 SE SE8005370A patent/SE440039B/en unknown
-
1981
- 1981-07-17 FI FI812249A patent/FI812249A7/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1981-07-22 CA CA000382249A patent/CA1165667A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-07-23 NO NO812535A patent/NO152593C/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE440039B (en) | 1985-07-15 |
| NO152593B (en) | 1985-07-15 |
| SE8005370L (en) | 1982-01-25 |
| NO152593C (en) | 1985-10-23 |
| NO812535L (en) | 1982-01-25 |
| FI812249L (en) | 1982-01-25 |
| FI812249A7 (en) | 1982-01-25 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |