CA1144381A - Dams or barrages - Google Patents
Dams or barragesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1144381A CA1144381A CA000357260A CA357260A CA1144381A CA 1144381 A CA1144381 A CA 1144381A CA 000357260 A CA000357260 A CA 000357260A CA 357260 A CA357260 A CA 357260A CA 1144381 A CA1144381 A CA 1144381A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- barrage
- dam
- caissons
- caisson
- sub
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100234463 Caenorhabditis elegans kle-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000254173 Coleoptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001443588 Cottus gobio Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001527806 Iti Species 0.000 description 1
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N L-threonine Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CEJLBZWIKQJOAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloroisocyanuric acid Chemical compound ClN1C(=O)NC(=O)N(Cl)C1=O CEJLBZWIKQJOAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/04—Valves, slides, or the like; Arrangements therefor; Submerged sluice gates
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
- E02B7/02—Fixed barrages
- E02B7/04—Dams across valleys
- E02B7/08—Wall dams
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract Improvements in or relating to dams or barrages A dam or barrage provided by a modular receptacle stretched across the bed of a river, and a plurality of caissons in the receptacle in side adjacent relationship.
The receptacle may consist of a plurality of modules which are installed progressively across the river, the the caissons then being introduced into the receptacle.
The receptacle may consist of a plurality of modules which are installed progressively across the river, the the caissons then being introduced into the receptacle.
Description
Improvements;in or relating to dams or- barrages This invention relates to dams or barrages, for example, a tidal barrage in an estuary, and a method of constructing such dams or barrages.
According to one ~spect of the present invention, there is provided a dam or barrage comprising a plurality of caissons, and a receptacle comprising an open framework of modular form for locating the caissons in the dam or barrage, the framework comprising a plurality of modular frames in adjacent relationship 10 each having arms at the sides thereof adapted to engage an ad-jacent said modular frame.
Preferably, each modular frame has a rectangular por-tion thereof in a plane transverse to the dam or barrage, and the arms are at the corners at each side of said each modular frame 15 extending perpendicularly therefrom.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a plurality of feet extend downwardly from the modular frame. Furthermore, a respective ledge for supporting a said caisson extends along the lower portion of the rectangular portion at least at one 20 side thereof.
The caissons may be locatable about a lower portion of the open framework in a manner to inhibit movement of the caissons transverse to the dam or barrage.
Preferably, the portion of the open framework comprises adjacent said arms of adjacent said frames and the adjacent said arms are of trapezoidal section and locate in corresponding trapezoidal channels in the caissons.
During the construction for example of a barrage across an est~ary, an increasing velocity of water is experienced ~B
11~43~
tllrough the g~p l~e~ween the ~-o sides of ihe barrage as the gap n~rro~is, thus adding to the difficulties of con~pleti1l~ the f:irlAl stases of the barr;se.
Thc :invelltioll see1cs to avoid this dirriculty by arr.~ng:;n.S for at least part of the barrag~ to be constructed frotn, ~irst].y, a moclu].ar recep-tacle that ~rov-ides a rigid rcference without great]y obstructi.ns the ~ater flow and thus considerably reducing any increase i~ vclocity of the water in the estuary as the l~arrage is co-rstructed and.
~-0 secondly, a plurAlity of caissons receive~ iIl a successive manner in the modular receptacle where -th~y Call be controlled from the risid modular receptacle in the i.~lcreasing velocity o~ water.
The invention will now be further de~cribed by l~ay of example only with reference to the accomp~.nying drawings i n ihich ~ -Figure 1 shol~s a perspective reprcs~ntation of part of a tidal barrage in the course of construction;
Figure la shows a similar perspective~ representation of a modified form of the ~-idal oarrage o~
Figure 1, Figure 2 sho~s to an enlarged scale a sectional representa-tion of a base caisson OIl the line II-II of l~igure l;
Figure 3 sho~s to an enlarged scale a sectional representation of A sub-caisson on the llne -[II-III of ~igure l;
Figurc ll shows to an enlarsed scale ~ sect:ional 3 representation of a base caisson on the - . ....
~1~4.~
3.:ille t~r-I~r of r~igllre l;
I~`ig~lres 5 to 7 shol~ further stages of the ins-tallation of tl1e sub-caisso11 of Fisure 3 i.n the base Ccl:i.ssolt of Fi.$ure ~t;
~iSI~re ~ show~ to an en'l.arsec3 scal.e a .sectional represent:ation on the line VIlI-VIII of ~igure la;
Figllre 9 sho1is a perspecti~-e representation of part of a modular framelrork for a ti.dal barrage;
lo ~isure 1~ sho~s a partly CUt-al~a~ end view of par-t of a modu:Lar framework similar to the modular fralne1~ork of Fig~u^e 9 and having a sub-cais~o~ therein.
l~isur~ ll shows a sectional vie-~, on the 'lin~ Xl~XI
of l~igure lo;
Figure 12 shows a sectional ~-ie~i on the line XII-XII
of ~igure lO, and ~isure 13 shows a modification of the ~i.e~ of Fisure 12.
~.
Referring now to Figure l, part of one side of a 'tidal barrase 10 i.s ShOI.~l in the course of construction across an ~
es1~al-y bed 1' and comprises a pl.urality of modular ij ' receptacles in -t.he form of reinforced concre-te base caissons 12 disposed in side adjacent relationship across the estuar~
ll, 1,he ~,irectio11 of in~ard tidal flow being shown by the arro~i~ The base caisson 12 at the left of Figure l has '.
a for1~clrd bulkhead 13 and a rear bulkhead lll and is sho~-n ~' floa1,:'.n~ aloltsside the end b~se caisson ~2. 1`he floating :
~11.4~381.
base ca; SSOII ~2 ~ii]l be flooded to sink it c~-c its intended pOsitiol1 adj~cerlt to the side Or i;he end base caisson 12, and the for~Yard lu:l1chead 13 and che rear bulkl1ead 11l will be relllovcd.
~ach base caisson ~2 comLrises a flat base 20 and five ~alls 21 llpst.ln.clin~ perpendicularly from che base 20 in equi-spaced pc~raL:l.cl relations11:ip to define four channe:Ls 22 therebet~Yeen. A sub-caisson 25 locate~ in each charn~-l 22 (only Sl.-.; are sho~n) ~nd is rece:ived into the respective chanjel 22 bv f~oating the sub-caisson 27, as sho~in at the. right of Pigure l, to~Yin~ i-t into the respective channel 22, and subsequent'y si~ing -the sub-caisson 25 so that i-t rests on the base 20.
In greater de~ail ~ d referring to Fi.gure 2, each base caisson 12 has a slide 26 to loca-te the for~ard bulkhead 13 and to define a duct 27, and has a number of rectan~ul.ar recesses 28a~ 2~b, 28c, 28d at the top of each wal] 21 (only one is shown in ~igure 2) to locate respective support beams (not shown). A detachable buo~rancy trim tanl~ 29 is attached to -ch~ forl~ard bulkhead l3, and another detachable trim tank 29 is attached to the rea.~ bullchead 14, In order to reduce the weight of the basc caisson 12, the forward bulkhead 13 and th~ rear bulkhead 14 are of hollol~- steel constrllction.
One of the sub-caissons 25 is shown in ~reater detaii in ~igure 3 c( ~hich reference is made, ~nd cornprises a reinforced concret:e body 34 of double-slcin construction to provide a number o:C ca~ities 36, 37, 38, 39 and 40 res~ectively therebet~Yeen and define a shaped duct 35 3 therethroug11, and has a turbirle ~2 mounted in the duct 35.
A bulkhead ~ate 45 ]oca'ces in a s]ide 46 at one side of the turb-r.e ls2t and ..~n er~d bulkhead 48 is fitted at that end of the sub.-cais30n ?.5 at the other side of tbe turbine 4'-'.
- 6 ~
3~11 r(~llovab~ lcl cover ~9 locates in a hatcll~ay 50 to al:lo~ acce.ss to the turb:i.ne IJ2, arlcl a deta~llable buoyancy tanlc 52 is attclcllecl to the ~al]. of the duct 35 be-t-reen *he l)u1khead sate ll5 and the respecti.ve end of the sub-cais.sorl 25~
The sta~.~es of the installation of the s~b-caisson 25 :into the base cai.ssoll 12 are sho-Yn i.n Fi~res 4 -to 7 to which referellce i.s n~;lde~ In ~isure ~, ol~ of the base caissorls 12 is sho-Yn resting on the estuary bed ~1 after the remo~al of the for-Yard bulkheacl 13, thf rear bull~heacl 14, and the tr.im tanks 29 of ~:ig~lre 2. In ~`igure 5, the rear bulhhead ~It has been replaced and ~ sub-caisson 25 i.s sholYn f].e.tlns in the channel. 22 of the base caisson l2 after beillg tc-:Yed l.herein. Fisure 6 shol~s the sub-cai.sson 25 rcsti.ng on the base Z0 of the base caisson 12 against a .;houl&er 55 after removal of tl~e buoyancy tank 52 and tl-e for~ard bu].khead 13 of Fisure 5 to allo-Y tidal flow throu~h -the channel 22. BealD members 31a~ 31b, 31c, 31d, exl:elld transversel~ over the channel 22 across the base cai.sson 1~ and are supported in respective rece~ses 28a, 2.8b, 28c, 28d, and a servlces housin~ 32 wl~ich e~ten~s across the top of all the base caissons 12 (see Figure 1) is supported by the beam 31e and an adjacent beam 31d Figure 7 sho~s the final stages of the installation of the sub-cais~son 25 and the ~ase caisson 12. ~ reinforced concrete end cluct member 60 is disposed adjacent to the end bu].khead ~8, and the end bullhead l~8 is connectecl to a ~YiIlCh 61 in a ~;lchine roc~m 62 at the top of the base caisson 120 steel forw~rd closure panel 71 is installed in the llpper portion of the slide 26 above -the sub-caissoll 25 to dirsct tidal flo-~ throu~h the duct 27. Pairs of closure panels 61~, 65 and G6, 67 re.spectively are disposed across the channel 22 al~o~e the sub-caisson 25 to isolate the bulkhead gate 45 anci -~he cnd bulkhead ~8 respectively when they are in ~5 the raised l~os:;t:i.on and to provide a dry space above the 7 ~
, ~ .. ..
1~43~
tul~b~ e il2, the bu:ll;]lead gate 45 beins control:Led from -che top of ~he ba.se caisson 12 by a ~ri.nch 60 in a machine ]-oo~
69. A garltry 73 supports a travelling hoist 7~ above the hatchway 5() of the sub-caissons 25 to al:Lo~Y removdl. and replacement of compollents of -the turbine 1l2, one end Or the gant:ry 73 bein~ Sllpp orted by the serv;.ces hou.sing 32 which has l;hree duc-ts 77, 78, 79 respectively in wllich service cables and pi~ing (not shown~ are installed. and has a service rocld 80 tllereon. A forward roof panel 83 and rear rQf pane]s 84, 85 co~nplete the protective cove~^inS at the top of the base caisson 12. The cavities 36 to ~0 of the sub--caisson 25 are L illed lrith a ballast such as lean ~i~
concrete or hydraulic sand, and to seal the space between t~le sides o:f the sub~cais.son 2~ and the walls 21 of the base caissoll 12, conventional grouting t:echniqlles are used, for ex~mple an inflatable bag grout type seal (not .sho~r~
The e~tent to which the base caisson 12 are installed be:fore the sub-caissons 25 are inserted -tilerein may be ~aried, and all the base caissons 12 may be instal.led before the procedur~ of inserting t;le sub-caissons 25 commences . It ~rill be understood that a tidal barrage may be cons-tructed from bas caissons having an alternative cross--section to that of the base caissons 12 of Figures 1 to 7, for example to b~lttress a sub-caisson both forlrardly and rearlrardly against the tidal flo~r a.s sho-~-n in Figure la and Fi.~ure 8 to ~rhich reference is madeO In I?igure la~ part of a tida.' bar-^age 1. n is sho~rn under con3tructi.on and is similar to the tidal barrage 10 of I?igure i in having a plurality of base caissons 112~
simi.lar in mally respec~s to the base caissons 12 of Fisure 1, receivinS sub-caissons 125 in channels 122 defined by adjacent ~ralls 121 of the base caissoris 112~ As shown in Fi.~ure 8, the base caisson 112 has a raised base 120 and a plura3.i~y o~ transveise ribs 123 depending from the lase !
! - 8 -;3bli 120 on-to th~, es,::uury bed 11, the spclce bet~reen the raised base 1?0 nnd tlle estuary bed 11 being filled with a grouti.ng material. ~ tapered for-irard step 155 ancl tapered rear step 156 pro~ject from the base 120 and locate corr~sponcling tapored portions of the sub-cai.sson 125 whicll is sho~rn ~ritll a forwarcl bul~head gate 11~5 in the raised position dnd an end bulkhead 148 in the lowered posit:i.on. A turbine 1l~2 is located in the sub-caisson 125 and t-ro renlovclble hatch covers 149, 150 respectively allow access to the turbine 142 from above. The 'base caisson 112 has a slide 126 for a temporary- for~rard bul~h~acl ~not sho-~n), and has si.de wa1.ls 121 at each side (only one i~.
sho~rn) of the base caisson 112 with an upstanding inter~
mediate portion 123 thereof ~rhicll supports three remo~able ~5 roof covers 12Ll and a service housing 32 identi.cal to the service housing 32 of T~`igure 6, and also has a for~rard closurc panel 171 and a rear closure panel 172 to enclose a space 176 above the sub-caisson 125~
Alternative modular receptacles may be used in 0 accordance with -the i.nventioll, for example, a n-odular open frar.ework as shown in ~igure 9 to rhich reference is no~i made, and lrhich shows a rein~orced concrete open frameliork 210 eonstrueted from a series of modules 21?. of reetilinear form. Each module 212 comprises a rectangular frame 213 having an arm 214 at each cor.ner of the frame 213 and ~ihich extends perpendicularly thereto, and t.wo feet ~15 depending from the frame 213. Each arm 21lJ at the left hand end thereof with respect to l~igure 9 has a square section spigot 216 and at the other end of the arm 214 hhs a eorresponding caviiy 217 so that the modules 212 can be assembled in a linear manner ~ri.th the spigots 216 of one module 212 locating in the eorresponding cavity 217 of the adjacent module 212. ~
~ub_cai.sson (not shown) may be located bet~-een t-ro frames 213 in a simil.ar manner to that described in relation to ~i~ures 1 to o, and the space about the sub-caisson closed in a similar m.anner (not sho~rn).
_ g _ . .... ~r - ~, 4;3~
]art of a spc~ific Illodular open frame~ork const.l^uction is xhowJI:in l~`i.sllr .Y 10 l-o 12, anc~ referring particularly i,o Fisures 10 an(l ~i, reiI1forced conc~ete modules 240 are sho-~,rl.
each hav.ing upl~er arn-s 21~1 ancl a rear lower arm 21l6 of square i:ubl,l1cr ~`o.rm ancl a forward lo;ier arm 2~7 o~
trape~o:icl-l tu~u.llr form, the modules 2'~0 havillg feet 215 resti.llS orl or pentr.t:in~ a~ estu~ry bed ll, ~ sub-caisson 255 in wllich a turbine 256 is mounte~ is sho~n floc~ting betweerl two rnodules 2'~0 an~ has a forward bullihead 258 a~d a rear bul1~ead 259 at eàch end of a duet 260 throush the sub eaisson 255, nnd hatch covers 261, 262 and 263 respecT.i~-ely to seal the duct 260. An inwardly directed ledg~, 270 projects C.rolll each module 240 between the rear lower arm
According to one ~spect of the present invention, there is provided a dam or barrage comprising a plurality of caissons, and a receptacle comprising an open framework of modular form for locating the caissons in the dam or barrage, the framework comprising a plurality of modular frames in adjacent relationship 10 each having arms at the sides thereof adapted to engage an ad-jacent said modular frame.
Preferably, each modular frame has a rectangular por-tion thereof in a plane transverse to the dam or barrage, and the arms are at the corners at each side of said each modular frame 15 extending perpendicularly therefrom.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a plurality of feet extend downwardly from the modular frame. Furthermore, a respective ledge for supporting a said caisson extends along the lower portion of the rectangular portion at least at one 20 side thereof.
The caissons may be locatable about a lower portion of the open framework in a manner to inhibit movement of the caissons transverse to the dam or barrage.
Preferably, the portion of the open framework comprises adjacent said arms of adjacent said frames and the adjacent said arms are of trapezoidal section and locate in corresponding trapezoidal channels in the caissons.
During the construction for example of a barrage across an est~ary, an increasing velocity of water is experienced ~B
11~43~
tllrough the g~p l~e~ween the ~-o sides of ihe barrage as the gap n~rro~is, thus adding to the difficulties of con~pleti1l~ the f:irlAl stases of the barr;se.
Thc :invelltioll see1cs to avoid this dirriculty by arr.~ng:;n.S for at least part of the barrag~ to be constructed frotn, ~irst].y, a moclu].ar recep-tacle that ~rov-ides a rigid rcference without great]y obstructi.ns the ~ater flow and thus considerably reducing any increase i~ vclocity of the water in the estuary as the l~arrage is co-rstructed and.
~-0 secondly, a plurAlity of caissons receive~ iIl a successive manner in the modular receptacle where -th~y Call be controlled from the risid modular receptacle in the i.~lcreasing velocity o~ water.
The invention will now be further de~cribed by l~ay of example only with reference to the accomp~.nying drawings i n ihich ~ -Figure 1 shol~s a perspective reprcs~ntation of part of a tidal barrage in the course of construction;
Figure la shows a similar perspective~ representation of a modified form of the ~-idal oarrage o~
Figure 1, Figure 2 sho~s to an enlarged scale a sectional representa-tion of a base caisson OIl the line II-II of l~igure l;
Figure 3 sho~s to an enlarged scale a sectional representation of A sub-caisson on the llne -[II-III of ~igure l;
Figurc ll shows to an enlarsed scale ~ sect:ional 3 representation of a base caisson on the - . ....
~1~4.~
3.:ille t~r-I~r of r~igllre l;
I~`ig~lres 5 to 7 shol~ further stages of the ins-tallation of tl1e sub-caisso11 of Fisure 3 i.n the base Ccl:i.ssolt of Fi.$ure ~t;
~iSI~re ~ show~ to an en'l.arsec3 scal.e a .sectional represent:ation on the line VIlI-VIII of ~igure la;
Figllre 9 sho1is a perspecti~-e representation of part of a modular framelrork for a ti.dal barrage;
lo ~isure 1~ sho~s a partly CUt-al~a~ end view of par-t of a modu:Lar framework similar to the modular fralne1~ork of Fig~u^e 9 and having a sub-cais~o~ therein.
l~isur~ ll shows a sectional vie-~, on the 'lin~ Xl~XI
of l~igure lo;
Figure 12 shows a sectional ~-ie~i on the line XII-XII
of ~igure lO, and ~isure 13 shows a modification of the ~i.e~ of Fisure 12.
~.
Referring now to Figure l, part of one side of a 'tidal barrase 10 i.s ShOI.~l in the course of construction across an ~
es1~al-y bed 1' and comprises a pl.urality of modular ij ' receptacles in -t.he form of reinforced concre-te base caissons 12 disposed in side adjacent relationship across the estuar~
ll, 1,he ~,irectio11 of in~ard tidal flow being shown by the arro~i~ The base caisson 12 at the left of Figure l has '.
a for1~clrd bulkhead 13 and a rear bulkhead lll and is sho~-n ~' floa1,:'.n~ aloltsside the end b~se caisson ~2. 1`he floating :
~11.4~381.
base ca; SSOII ~2 ~ii]l be flooded to sink it c~-c its intended pOsitiol1 adj~cerlt to the side Or i;he end base caisson 12, and the for~Yard lu:l1chead 13 and che rear bulkl1ead 11l will be relllovcd.
~ach base caisson ~2 comLrises a flat base 20 and five ~alls 21 llpst.ln.clin~ perpendicularly from che base 20 in equi-spaced pc~raL:l.cl relations11:ip to define four channe:Ls 22 therebet~Yeen. A sub-caisson 25 locate~ in each charn~-l 22 (only Sl.-.; are sho~n) ~nd is rece:ived into the respective chanjel 22 bv f~oating the sub-caisson 27, as sho~in at the. right of Pigure l, to~Yin~ i-t into the respective channel 22, and subsequent'y si~ing -the sub-caisson 25 so that i-t rests on the base 20.
In greater de~ail ~ d referring to Fi.gure 2, each base caisson 12 has a slide 26 to loca-te the for~ard bulkhead 13 and to define a duct 27, and has a number of rectan~ul.ar recesses 28a~ 2~b, 28c, 28d at the top of each wal] 21 (only one is shown in ~igure 2) to locate respective support beams (not shown). A detachable buo~rancy trim tanl~ 29 is attached to -ch~ forl~ard bulkhead l3, and another detachable trim tank 29 is attached to the rea.~ bullchead 14, In order to reduce the weight of the basc caisson 12, the forward bulkhead 13 and th~ rear bulkhead 14 are of hollol~- steel constrllction.
One of the sub-caissons 25 is shown in ~reater detaii in ~igure 3 c( ~hich reference is made, ~nd cornprises a reinforced concret:e body 34 of double-slcin construction to provide a number o:C ca~ities 36, 37, 38, 39 and 40 res~ectively therebet~Yeen and define a shaped duct 35 3 therethroug11, and has a turbirle ~2 mounted in the duct 35.
A bulkhead ~ate 45 ]oca'ces in a s]ide 46 at one side of the turb-r.e ls2t and ..~n er~d bulkhead 48 is fitted at that end of the sub.-cais30n ?.5 at the other side of tbe turbine 4'-'.
- 6 ~
3~11 r(~llovab~ lcl cover ~9 locates in a hatcll~ay 50 to al:lo~ acce.ss to the turb:i.ne IJ2, arlcl a deta~llable buoyancy tanlc 52 is attclcllecl to the ~al]. of the duct 35 be-t-reen *he l)u1khead sate ll5 and the respecti.ve end of the sub-cais.sorl 25~
The sta~.~es of the installation of the s~b-caisson 25 :into the base cai.ssoll 12 are sho-Yn i.n Fi~res 4 -to 7 to which referellce i.s n~;lde~ In ~isure ~, ol~ of the base caissorls 12 is sho-Yn resting on the estuary bed ~1 after the remo~al of the for-Yard bulkheacl 13, thf rear bull~heacl 14, and the tr.im tanks 29 of ~:ig~lre 2. In ~`igure 5, the rear bulhhead ~It has been replaced and ~ sub-caisson 25 i.s sholYn f].e.tlns in the channel. 22 of the base caisson l2 after beillg tc-:Yed l.herein. Fisure 6 shol~s the sub-cai.sson 25 rcsti.ng on the base Z0 of the base caisson 12 against a .;houl&er 55 after removal of tl~e buoyancy tank 52 and tl-e for~ard bu].khead 13 of Fisure 5 to allo-Y tidal flow throu~h -the channel 22. BealD members 31a~ 31b, 31c, 31d, exl:elld transversel~ over the channel 22 across the base cai.sson 1~ and are supported in respective rece~ses 28a, 2.8b, 28c, 28d, and a servlces housin~ 32 wl~ich e~ten~s across the top of all the base caissons 12 (see Figure 1) is supported by the beam 31e and an adjacent beam 31d Figure 7 sho~s the final stages of the installation of the sub-cais~son 25 and the ~ase caisson 12. ~ reinforced concrete end cluct member 60 is disposed adjacent to the end bu].khead ~8, and the end bullhead l~8 is connectecl to a ~YiIlCh 61 in a ~;lchine roc~m 62 at the top of the base caisson 120 steel forw~rd closure panel 71 is installed in the llpper portion of the slide 26 above -the sub-caissoll 25 to dirsct tidal flo-~ throu~h the duct 27. Pairs of closure panels 61~, 65 and G6, 67 re.spectively are disposed across the channel 22 al~o~e the sub-caisson 25 to isolate the bulkhead gate 45 anci -~he cnd bulkhead ~8 respectively when they are in ~5 the raised l~os:;t:i.on and to provide a dry space above the 7 ~
, ~ .. ..
1~43~
tul~b~ e il2, the bu:ll;]lead gate 45 beins control:Led from -che top of ~he ba.se caisson 12 by a ~ri.nch 60 in a machine ]-oo~
69. A garltry 73 supports a travelling hoist 7~ above the hatchway 5() of the sub-caissons 25 to al:Lo~Y removdl. and replacement of compollents of -the turbine 1l2, one end Or the gant:ry 73 bein~ Sllpp orted by the serv;.ces hou.sing 32 which has l;hree duc-ts 77, 78, 79 respectively in wllich service cables and pi~ing (not shown~ are installed. and has a service rocld 80 tllereon. A forward roof panel 83 and rear rQf pane]s 84, 85 co~nplete the protective cove~^inS at the top of the base caisson 12. The cavities 36 to ~0 of the sub--caisson 25 are L illed lrith a ballast such as lean ~i~
concrete or hydraulic sand, and to seal the space between t~le sides o:f the sub~cais.son 2~ and the walls 21 of the base caissoll 12, conventional grouting t:echniqlles are used, for ex~mple an inflatable bag grout type seal (not .sho~r~
The e~tent to which the base caisson 12 are installed be:fore the sub-caissons 25 are inserted -tilerein may be ~aried, and all the base caissons 12 may be instal.led before the procedur~ of inserting t;le sub-caissons 25 commences . It ~rill be understood that a tidal barrage may be cons-tructed from bas caissons having an alternative cross--section to that of the base caissons 12 of Figures 1 to 7, for example to b~lttress a sub-caisson both forlrardly and rearlrardly against the tidal flo~r a.s sho-~-n in Figure la and Fi.~ure 8 to ~rhich reference is madeO In I?igure la~ part of a tida.' bar-^age 1. n is sho~rn under con3tructi.on and is similar to the tidal barrage 10 of I?igure i in having a plurality of base caissons 112~
simi.lar in mally respec~s to the base caissons 12 of Fisure 1, receivinS sub-caissons 125 in channels 122 defined by adjacent ~ralls 121 of the base caissoris 112~ As shown in Fi.~ure 8, the base caisson 112 has a raised base 120 and a plura3.i~y o~ transveise ribs 123 depending from the lase !
! - 8 -;3bli 120 on-to th~, es,::uury bed 11, the spclce bet~reen the raised base 1?0 nnd tlle estuary bed 11 being filled with a grouti.ng material. ~ tapered for-irard step 155 ancl tapered rear step 156 pro~ject from the base 120 and locate corr~sponcling tapored portions of the sub-cai.sson 125 whicll is sho~rn ~ritll a forwarcl bul~head gate 11~5 in the raised position dnd an end bulkhead 148 in the lowered posit:i.on. A turbine 1l~2 is located in the sub-caisson 125 and t-ro renlovclble hatch covers 149, 150 respectively allow access to the turbine 142 from above. The 'base caisson 112 has a slide 126 for a temporary- for~rard bul~h~acl ~not sho-~n), and has si.de wa1.ls 121 at each side (only one i~.
sho~rn) of the base caisson 112 with an upstanding inter~
mediate portion 123 thereof ~rhicll supports three remo~able ~5 roof covers 12Ll and a service housing 32 identi.cal to the service housing 32 of T~`igure 6, and also has a for~rard closurc panel 171 and a rear closure panel 172 to enclose a space 176 above the sub-caisson 125~
Alternative modular receptacles may be used in 0 accordance with -the i.nventioll, for example, a n-odular open frar.ework as shown in ~igure 9 to rhich reference is no~i made, and lrhich shows a rein~orced concrete open frameliork 210 eonstrueted from a series of modules 21?. of reetilinear form. Each module 212 comprises a rectangular frame 213 having an arm 214 at each cor.ner of the frame 213 and ~ihich extends perpendicularly thereto, and t.wo feet ~15 depending from the frame 213. Each arm 21lJ at the left hand end thereof with respect to l~igure 9 has a square section spigot 216 and at the other end of the arm 214 hhs a eorresponding caviiy 217 so that the modules 212 can be assembled in a linear manner ~ri.th the spigots 216 of one module 212 locating in the eorresponding cavity 217 of the adjacent module 212. ~
~ub_cai.sson (not shown) may be located bet~-een t-ro frames 213 in a simil.ar manner to that described in relation to ~i~ures 1 to o, and the space about the sub-caisson closed in a similar m.anner (not sho~rn).
_ g _ . .... ~r - ~, 4;3~
]art of a spc~ific Illodular open frame~ork const.l^uction is xhowJI:in l~`i.sllr .Y 10 l-o 12, anc~ referring particularly i,o Fisures 10 an(l ~i, reiI1forced conc~ete modules 240 are sho-~,rl.
each hav.ing upl~er arn-s 21~1 ancl a rear lower arm 21l6 of square i:ubl,l1cr ~`o.rm ancl a forward lo;ier arm 2~7 o~
trape~o:icl-l tu~u.llr form, the modules 2'~0 havillg feet 215 resti.llS orl or pentr.t:in~ a~ estu~ry bed ll, ~ sub-caisson 255 in wllich a turbine 256 is mounte~ is sho~n floc~ting betweerl two rnodules 2'~0 an~ has a forward bullihead 258 a~d a rear bul1~ead 259 at eàch end of a duet 260 throush the sub eaisson 255, nnd hatch covers 261, 262 and 263 respecT.i~-ely to seal the duct 260. An inwardly directed ledg~, 270 projects C.rolll each module 240 between the rear lower arm
2'~6 and -the I`orward lower arm 247 thereof.
Referring now to Fi.gure 10 and F:igure 12, another sub-cai.sson 255 i.s show}l resting on t~-o ledges 270 and has a trapezoidal channel 272 that is loeated about the forward lower arills 247 and at its other end abu~s the .rear lo~Yer arms 246 so as to be buttressed for~-ar~ly and rearwardly against the tidal flow. A ~ropgate 275 is installed in a slide 276 ~shown in the raised posit~on) after removal of the hatch cover 263 of Figure 11 and the rear bulkhead of Figu.e 11. Thre~ be~ms 2SQ and t-~-o beams 281 of reinforced concrete extend ~ransversely from the mo~l~le 240 and support an end closure panel 282, three inner closure panels 283, a ser~ices housing 32 identic~l to the serviees housin$ 32 of Figures 7 and o8, and a for-Yard closure panel 284. A fo~~ward grouting sl;irt 290 and a rear grouting s~irt 291 are attached a- respecti~e lower ends of the sub-eaisson 255, an~l the space bet~een the respecti~e ski.rt 290, 291 and the underside of the sub-cai.sson 255 :i.s filled Yi.th a grou-cing compound (no~
sho~Yn)~ Cavities in the sub-caisson 255 are similarly filled wi.th a suitable ballast as described in relation to the sub-caisson 25 sho;-n in Figure 7~
l~` ' ' - - - ~. _.
11~4~131 ~ r~3:l bc under:t:ood l:h.lt a turbine may be :installecl ilt a suh-c.Z:issoll a:Ct~.r the s~lb-caissoll has beetl installed .in . modu.~e 2t~0 as sho-~n in l~`isure 13. ln Fisure 13, a sub-cai.~sol~ ~.55a s~ ilar .in moit respects to the sub-cai;~on 'S5 .-r ~ sures 11 arld 12 is sho-~~n but has a larse cluct 303 to allol~ a tulb:kle 2~2 to be ]o~ered.by a ~inch 274 onto a p]intll 301~ in tlle sub-caisson 255a~ or to be sim:Llarly reinotred ~rhere necessary for maintenance purposes after rcmova] of an upper portion (not shown) of the 10 sub-caisson 255~t~ A ~orward closure-panel 305 and a rear closure panel 306 exteI1d transverse3y from the tnodule 21l0 to excluclc the tidal ~ater from a s~ace 308 above the sub-caisson 255a~
-Althousll the inven~ion has l~een described in relation S to a sub-caisson lla~ins, or intended to have, a turbine mounted iherein, alternative sub-caissons ma~ be used, for e~amp3e, a slb~caisson incorporating a slui.e sate.
Fu~therrnore, o.3ternative modular receptacles ma~r be usecl.
It will lle appreciated tha* alihough a tidal b--rra~e ha.~ been aforedescribed, the invention may be incorporated and used in ol:her hydraulic installations.
Referring now to Fi.gure 10 and F:igure 12, another sub-cai.sson 255 i.s show}l resting on t~-o ledges 270 and has a trapezoidal channel 272 that is loeated about the forward lower arills 247 and at its other end abu~s the .rear lo~Yer arms 246 so as to be buttressed for~-ar~ly and rearwardly against the tidal flow. A ~ropgate 275 is installed in a slide 276 ~shown in the raised posit~on) after removal of the hatch cover 263 of Figure 11 and the rear bulkhead of Figu.e 11. Thre~ be~ms 2SQ and t-~-o beams 281 of reinforced concrete extend ~ransversely from the mo~l~le 240 and support an end closure panel 282, three inner closure panels 283, a ser~ices housing 32 identic~l to the serviees housin$ 32 of Figures 7 and o8, and a for-Yard closure panel 284. A fo~~ward grouting sl;irt 290 and a rear grouting s~irt 291 are attached a- respecti~e lower ends of the sub-eaisson 255, an~l the space bet~een the respecti~e ski.rt 290, 291 and the underside of the sub-cai.sson 255 :i.s filled Yi.th a grou-cing compound (no~
sho~Yn)~ Cavities in the sub-caisson 255 are similarly filled wi.th a suitable ballast as described in relation to the sub-caisson 25 sho;-n in Figure 7~
l~` ' ' - - - ~. _.
11~4~131 ~ r~3:l bc under:t:ood l:h.lt a turbine may be :installecl ilt a suh-c.Z:issoll a:Ct~.r the s~lb-caissoll has beetl installed .in . modu.~e 2t~0 as sho-~n in l~`isure 13. ln Fisure 13, a sub-cai.~sol~ ~.55a s~ ilar .in moit respects to the sub-cai;~on 'S5 .-r ~ sures 11 arld 12 is sho-~~n but has a larse cluct 303 to allol~ a tulb:kle 2~2 to be ]o~ered.by a ~inch 274 onto a p]intll 301~ in tlle sub-caisson 255a~ or to be sim:Llarly reinotred ~rhere necessary for maintenance purposes after rcmova] of an upper portion (not shown) of the 10 sub-caisson 255~t~ A ~orward closure-panel 305 and a rear closure panel 306 exteI1d transverse3y from the tnodule 21l0 to excluclc the tidal ~ater from a s~ace 308 above the sub-caisson 255a~
-Althousll the inven~ion has l~een described in relation S to a sub-caisson lla~ins, or intended to have, a turbine mounted iherein, alternative sub-caissons ma~ be used, for e~amp3e, a slb~caisson incorporating a slui.e sate.
Fu~therrnore, o.3ternative modular receptacles ma~r be usecl.
It will lle appreciated tha* alihough a tidal b--rra~e ha.~ been aforedescribed, the invention may be incorporated and used in ol:her hydraulic installations.
Claims (7)
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A dam or barrage comprising a plurality of cais-sons, and a receptacle comprising an open framework of modular form for locating the caissons in the dam or barrage, the frame-work comprising a plurality of modular frames in adjacent relationship each having arms at the sides thereof adapted to engage an adjacent said modular frame.
2. A dam or barrage as claimed in Claim 1, wherein each modular frame has a rectangular portion thereof in a plane transverse to the dam or barrage, and the arms are at the corners at each side of said each modular frame extending perpendicularly therefrom.
3. A dam or barrage as claimed in Claim 2, wherein a plurality of feet extend downwardly from the modular frame.
4. A dam or barrage as claimed in Claim 2, wherein a respective ledge for supporting a said caisson extends along the lower portion of the rectangular portion at least at one side thereof.
5. A dam or barrage as claimed in any one of Claims 1, 2 or 4, wherein the caissons are locatable about a lower portion of the open framework in a manner to inhibit movement of the caissons transverse to the dam or barrage.
6. A dam or barrage as claimed in any one of Claims 1, 2 or 4, wherein the caissons are locatable about a lower portion of the open framework in a manner to inhibit movement of the caissons transverse to the dam or barrage, and wherein the portion of the open framework comprises adjacent said arms of adjacent said frames.
7. A dam or barrage as claimed in any one of Claims 1.
2 or 4, wherein the caissons are locatable about a lower portion of the open framework in a manner to inhibit movement of the caissons transverse to the dam or barrage, and wherein the portion of the open framework comprises adjacent said arms of adjacent said frames, and wherein the adjacent said arms are of trapezoidal section and locate in corresponding trapezoidal channels in the caissons.
2 or 4, wherein the caissons are locatable about a lower portion of the open framework in a manner to inhibit movement of the caissons transverse to the dam or barrage, and wherein the portion of the open framework comprises adjacent said arms of adjacent said frames, and wherein the adjacent said arms are of trapezoidal section and locate in corresponding trapezoidal channels in the caissons.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7927515 | 1979-08-07 | ||
| GB7927515 | 1979-08-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1144381A true CA1144381A (en) | 1983-04-12 |
Family
ID=10507050
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000357260A Expired CA1144381A (en) | 1979-08-07 | 1980-07-29 | Dams or barrages |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1144381A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2470195A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8500364B2 (en) | 2008-09-16 | 2013-08-06 | Verderg Limited | Method and apparatus for installing tidal barrages |
| US9194361B2 (en) | 2010-03-16 | 2015-11-24 | Verderg Ltd | Apparatus for generating power from fluid flow |
| US9752549B2 (en) | 2012-06-20 | 2017-09-05 | Verderg Ltd | Apparatus for converting energy from fluid flow |
| US10876513B2 (en) | 2014-04-02 | 2020-12-29 | Verderg Ltd | Turbine assembly |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1053418B (en) * | 1955-02-24 | 1959-03-19 | Nl Heidemij | Fixed weir |
-
1980
- 1980-07-29 CA CA000357260A patent/CA1144381A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-08-06 FR FR8017379A patent/FR2470195A1/en active Granted
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8500364B2 (en) | 2008-09-16 | 2013-08-06 | Verderg Limited | Method and apparatus for installing tidal barrages |
| US9194361B2 (en) | 2010-03-16 | 2015-11-24 | Verderg Ltd | Apparatus for generating power from fluid flow |
| US9752549B2 (en) | 2012-06-20 | 2017-09-05 | Verderg Ltd | Apparatus for converting energy from fluid flow |
| US10876513B2 (en) | 2014-04-02 | 2020-12-29 | Verderg Ltd | Turbine assembly |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2470195A1 (en) | 1981-05-29 |
| FR2470195B1 (en) | 1985-03-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US3760754A (en) | Modular unit for a floating dock system | |
| US3448709A (en) | Marine float construction | |
| CN102086634B (en) | Marine underwater assembled water intake and construction method thereof | |
| US10443574B2 (en) | Gravity foundation for the installation of offshore wind turbines | |
| KR101118734B1 (en) | Built-up type temporary cofferdam | |
| CA1144381A (en) | Dams or barrages | |
| US3613382A (en) | Sea wall construction | |
| SE466858B (en) | OFFSHORE HARBOR | |
| CN201520954U (en) | Caisson platform for pier construction | |
| CN107023070A (en) | Building, foundation key, residential development, building system and method of construction thereof | |
| GB2055933A (en) | Improvements in or relating to dams or barrages | |
| CN216194608U (en) | Water surface floating construction structure of box-type water intake structure | |
| GB2456394A (en) | Flood defence system | |
| US4881848A (en) | Method of forming an immersed dam foundation and a dam structure thereon | |
| CN113914366A (en) | Water surface floating construction method of box-type water intake structure | |
| JPS63181805A (en) | Breakwater and its construction and concrete caisson therefor | |
| JPS63181804A (en) | Breakwater and its construction and concrete caisson therefor | |
| CN223738564U (en) | A type of inclined floating tide gate | |
| US2677934A (en) | Apparatus for rendering and keeping ports, harbors, river mouths, and the like silt free | |
| CN112267437A (en) | A shock-resistant split hydraulic lifting dam that can prevent turbulence | |
| KR900000268B1 (en) | Structure of Prefab Tidal Dam | |
| US1047604A (en) | Fishway. | |
| CN115506300B (en) | Multifunctional mixed high pile wharf structure under complex flow state | |
| CN205894009U (en) | Brick | |
| CN215758835U (en) | Open caisson river course shore protection |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |