CA1038560A

CA1038560A - Process and device for dyeing and/or finishing textile plane articles

Info

Publication number: CA1038560A
Application number: CA166,864A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Richard B. Wassner; Hans-Ulrich Von Der Eltz; Walter Gulden
Original assignee: Hoechst AG
Current assignee: Hoechst AG
Priority date: 1972-03-24
Filing date: 1973-03-23
Publication date: 1978-09-19
Also published as: IT982602B; DE2214377B2; DE2214377A1; ATA254273A; DD102423A5; NL7303813A; CH410373A4; JPS496268A; BE797349A; AR202456A1; AU5362773A; FR2177982A1; FR2177982B1; GB1430184A; SE391204B; BR7302118D0; CH578896B5; ZA731880B; AT355541B; JPS5928673B2

Abstract

Abstract of the disclosure:
Process for the dyeing and/or finishing textile of plane article made of synthetic or natural fibres or of mixtures of such fibres, by applying in a foamed form and at room temperature onto the goods with the aid of a gaseous propellant, a liquor containing at least one dyestuff and/or finishing agent suitable for the corresponding type of fibre, if required, chemical products necessary for their fixation as well as surface-active substances and subjecting the material thus treated for fixing the dyestuffs and/or finishing agents optionally after the decomposition or destruction of the foaming layer and if necessary by means of oxydating agents to the action of heat or subjecting it to a wet development operation by passing it through a bath consisting of an acid or an alkali, or dwelling it at room temperature or at a moderately raised temperature.

Description

038SÇ;~
The present invention relates to a process and to a device for the dyeing and/or finishing of textile plane articles.
When dyeing textile plane articles, especially woven piece~
^ goods, on the foulard, difficulties due to the material with regard to -~ the even application of the dyebath frequently arise. Even though some construction types of such apparatus make possible extremely high roller pressures which may be varied as to the width ~nd even though the . ,;~
~;,.'!.,' regular pressing of the squeezing rolls is taken into account by special mec~anical elements, the side-to-side tailing of shade cannot always be lo completely avoided~ It is known that the pressure of the rollers makes possible only to a limited extent ân adjustment to the quality of the : .
material. For example, textile materials with pile surfaces, such as ~-1 carpet piece goods, cannot be dyed continuously, in any case, on;~ conventional foulards with squee~iing rolls, on account of the pole defor-mation. Therefore, to avoid impregnation on the foulard~ some con-` structors of textile machines - looking for other methods - have passed to continuous exhaustion methods according to which for example a ~ -c~ polyamide or wool carpet material is continuously passed thro~gh a hot bath (multi-chambered roller vat) containing acid dyestuffs. With regard to the recent state of the art, however, it is still very difficult to obtain dyeings with completely even tails. Furthermore, -;' the technique by exhaustion mentioned could not be used hitherto for ~' wo~en and knitted fabrics, which is related to the capacity of liquor pick-up-From the journal ~1Textilveredelung 6 ~1971), No. 11, p. 708-711~l a process i5 known according to which ready-made ~;
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knitted ~extiles are dyed in a rotating drum with a finely vesicular, one-phase ~ ;
aqueous foam which is formed by special, anlonic or non-ionic auxiliaries and simultaneously contains dyestufs or chemical products for fixation. This ~ ;
method has been developed with the purpose to dye the dyeing goods in an ex-:,i :
~`, tremely short goods-to-liquor ratio; in SQ doing a small requirement of water . ~ .
and energy and a tolerable pollution of the waste water is aimed at. For this , purpose the liquid portion in the total volume of the foam is kept as small ; as possible. After distributing the foam with the aid of centrifugal force in the dyeing drum ~similar to that used in dry cleaning) a~ room temperature, ~ 10 the contents of the drum is heated to the dyestuff fixation temperature with ; steam or hot air, the material is treated for some time at this temperature, then cooled and centrifuged. Thus, this method of ope~ati~n is a discontlnu-. ;. ..
ous process which, furthermore, is not suitable for piece-goods but only for ~; finished products.
,.~
The present invention relates to a process for dyeing and/or finishing . ,:.
~ a flat textile article made of synthetic or natural fiber material or mixtures ~.. . .
, of such fibers, with at least one dyestuff and/or textile finishing agent ~
.;....................................................................... .
, suitable for thè type of fiber in said artlcle, and for the fixation of the dyestuff and the finishing agent, which comprises continuously applying to the article a liquor containing said dyestuff and/or finishing agent at room ,i::
temperature and in the form of a foam having a gaseous propellant, controlling the thickness of foamed material applied to the article according to the de-,`:."
' sired liquor pickup, and effecting decomposition of the foam either by means ` of the composition of the foam itself or by supplying foam-destroying agents.
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~: D -3- ~-.'. ~ .',,', The process has shown that a ready dyestuff solution - applied in foamed form onto the textile material - yield5 extremely even and regular dyeings. The dyebath may have the form of a real solution, `~ a colloid system, a dispersion or of a suspension. According to the ~
invention such dyestuff preparation is foamed with the aid of a gaseous ~;
propellant and applied onto the material as foam preferably having -1 an average vesicle size of 0.01 to 0~1 mm. It is no longer necessary , to squeeze off the dyebath; thus, the height of the foam determines -' the amount of dyestuff applied. Furthermore, the foam may be additionally .~ .
1', 10 distributed evenly on the fabric surface with a suitable device, for ~
example a straight or, if desired, sickle-shaped doctor knife, which may ~ ;
~ have a concave or convex cumber, or with a rotating roll fulfilling the ;
`, same purpose. This makes it possible to adjust the dyestuff application . ,: . :, to any fabric surface and any kind of fabric construction. The convex ;, shape of one foulard roll is better replaced by the doctor knife dis-;: tributing the foam.
', According to the new process the composition of the dyeing preparation, iee. the ratio of the propellant to the liquid portion containing dyestuffs and auxiliaries is important for the amount of foam to be applied, The distance between the scraping doctor knife or '1 . . ' `'1 the distribution roller and the surface of khe material is ad~usted in the way that the amount of foam desired is applied in any case. From that `~
derives the height of the foam and, thus, the amount of the liquor applied _ 4 _ `~
.:: ~, :: ,;~

., i~,. , ::: ~: :

.., (liquid portion). It is advantageou~ to express or to ccilculate ~he amount of the foam by the weight incre ~e ~per surface unit) or per kg of material - (surface is the function of the square meter weight~ i.e. in analogous way ~ as the squeezing off effect ~liquor pick-up) in the case of paddings is, ~ .
expressed in % of the dry weight of the material. The weight of the propel- -lant may always be neglected. The homogeneous distribution of the foam is obtained by regulating the propellant pressure -and the nozzle and by mixing continuously the optionally two-phase liquid portion before the formation of the foam.
The foam obtained serves to apply and distribute the foamed liquor uniformly onto the material. Subsequently the foamed state of the bath is no more necessary and nas to be altered. According to the invention this proceeds either by a spontaneous decomposition due to the spec~al composition !,.I
~;~ of a temporarily solid foam in connection with a transport speed regulated .- , .
` accordingly or by destruction of the foam due to the supply of a defoaming , ~ agent((for example spraying a solution of a defoamer or contact of the foam `

surface with a roller which is suppliedwith such a solution). In the latter ~-.$
~ case the foam is destroyed directly behind the distribution device (roller'::,',, or doctor knife)~ so that the transport speed of the material is less 20 dependant on the composition of the foamed bath.
The preparation of foams which are used according to the present invention for the dyeing of textile material is always effected by mixing intimately the dyeing liquor with a gas, this one flowing into the l;quid ;~ under pressure by a specially shaped nozzle. The dyeing liquor must contain l i in any case a surface-active substance. The nozzle permits the leaving of the gas-~with high speed and makes by its shape that the individual gas vehicles are regularly distributed. According to the invention the nozzle ,... ...
~ will be c~lways adjusted in the way that the leaving of the gas is accompanied : ";, :~ .
~, by an intimate m¢xing of the dyeing liquor. Thus, suspensions which have .:-,:~, , ', ~;, ~ .
.: ~:
~ ~ - 5 -1~3~
settled or emulsions being demixed are immediately mixed intimately. Even if the dyeing liquor consists of several single components not mixable with : one another, these single components are very regularly distributed according ;~' ~.:
~ to the method described, as it has not been possible hitherto. ~
;`.~
For preparing foams according to the present process are used above all as propellants inert gases, preferably nitrogen~ furthermore airj carbon ~-~
.. ..
dioxide and dinitrogen monoxide. Further suitable propellants are simple ~1 -hydro~arbons, such as methane, ethane, propane, butane etc. Halogenated hydro~

- carbons, for example difluoro-dichloro-methane as such or in mixture with lo tetrafluoro-dichloro-ethane are also sufficiently known as propellants. 1 r.' , ~ : ~
;~ Dimethyl ether or methyl chloride or ethyl chloride may also be used. ~ ~ ~
.j., ~
In accordance with the above-described surface-acti~e substanoes .. , j,, make possible the formation of foam according to the process described. Such ; foam-producing products are for example polyalkylene-oxide compounds such as ~ `;
alkyl polyglycol ethers, nonyl-phenol polyglycolethers having 4 to 30 ethylene oxide units, fatty acid polyglycol esters, isotridecanol-polyglycol ethers and fatty acid alkylol amide polyglycol ethers, quarternary ammonium compounds .j.j . . "
~s of straight-cha~neddand branched, saturated and unsaturated alkyl carboxylic ;~ ~
-~.'s ` `
acids and alkyldimethyl-aryl-ammonium chlorides as well as mixtures of such substances, futhermorejalkyl su~fonates (mersolates), alkyl arylsulfonates, .:,:, : , fatty alcohol sulfonates and anionic fatty acid condensation products. These foam-producing auxiliaries simultaneously have a marked wetting effect.
The solidity and the consistance of the foam can be regulated by 1:. . : ., suitable additives. The way of how the fQam is decomposed, whether quickly or slowly, as well as the state, if the fo~ is finely porous or medium porous, or whether its contains solvents therein, everything can be adjusted to the ~ corresponding dyeing process and the dyestuff used. ~;
..
All known products which are usually t~ken into account for the dyeing ~`. '",of the corresponding fibre types are suitable as dyestuffs for the new process, ~ -,, .,;.i~
., ~
~ - 6 - - ~
,:
,`~.:, ~-, for example anionic direct dyestuffs, acid dyestuffs, 1 : 2 metal complex dyestuffs, 1 : 1 metal complex dyestuffs, mordant dyestuffs, reactire dye- ~;
,:
- stuffs and cationic dyestuffsg furthermore pigment dyestuffs ~also together ;
with pigment binding agents3, disperse dyestuffs, disperse dyestuffs soluble ,:
~ in solvents, dispersed metcil complex dyestuffs~ vat dyestuffs, leuco esters ~ .
of vat dyestuffs, sulfur dyestuffs and polycondensation dyestuffs, furthermore the developing dyeskuffs produced on the fibre from two component systems ,. :.., ~;^ from the naphthol or metal phthalocyanine series. Instead of dyes~uffs which absorb in the visi~le range, other dyestuffs which absorb in the ultraviolet ,, ~
;~ 10 range, i.e. optical brightneners are also suitable. Thus, the invention provides the use of dyestuffs or optical brighteners soluble in water, solvents and unsoluble (capa~le of being dispersed) according to the fibre matericil ... .
;1 available. The fixation process or the solvent system independently Prom i',~, its chemicall, constitution (as for example azo-or anthraquinone derivatives).
Apart from these dyestuffs synthetic resins of each type or antistatic agents : ,. ~ . ~
ii, may be appl~ied by spraying onto the textiles used.
While carrying out the process of the invention the ~oam is applied i from nozzles being shaped as a point or as a slot die. Such nozzles can also ;~ be attached at an excenter, whereby ~he nozzles - for imitating determined dyeing techniques - are controlled by programs~ the foam being applied onto ;~ the fabric for example in a rotating or elliptical movement. Nowever, such measure always includes the full width of the mat~rial.
The foams applied by spraying may also contain organic solvents or `~
i ~ said mi~tures or consist completely of said solvents. In most cases azeotropic -~
` ~ water-containing mixtures are concerned.
:::
, .
It is furthermore possible to achieve on the basis of the foam spraying i' technique according to the present invention multi-color effects without any further expenditure. Polychromatic processes, flowing effects and multi-color "1 .
-; processes can be easily realized with the aid of color foams. By using ~;. .,~

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particularly formed doctor knives which can be handled in a longitudinal and transverse sense to the direction of the material the height of the foam layer . ~ , .
can be varied to achieve shade dyeings and, thus, further possibilities of design. By chemical products contained in the different foams, such as alkalis or acids, printing effects can be imitated. According to the present ... . . ..
process a "differential dyeing technique" or "space dyeing technique" can be - carried out without different fibre qualities available. Foams having ;i.
different physical properties are simply sprayed simultaneously close together or according to a special design. The differential-dyeing-technique is -~
o realized by varying the height of the foam. Effect dyeings can also be :'''.~ , ~, ~ achieved by the different size of the foam visicles in the foams applied, i.e. ~
,...
by adding determined suface-action substances. A large field for possibilities of design is opened by using simultaneously foams flowing into one another, or by combining a flowing or dissociating foam with one or several solid foams ; ;
applied simultaneously or subse~uently. A kind of printing effect is obtained . ~, . .
with adjacent solid foams.
i~ The dyeing process claimed proce~ds as follows: In a preferred embodiment, the material is passed through a spraying device or in the simplest case a trough filled with foam, with a speed taking into account the decom-position of the foam. Subsequently, the foam is brought to an equal level by ~`,~ , .
,.''rl a doctor knife or a roller. A squeezing device or a similar device is not ;~
.. ~ ;-~ necessary. After a few seconds the foam is either decomposed on account of .~ i.~! . . ~
its composition or it is destroyed by spraying with foam-reducing or foam-~;~ destroying solvents. It is also possible for this purpose to touch the foam-~-;' layer with a roller impregnated with a defoamer. In accordance with the type ~;; -of dyestuffs applied and for fixing them on the corresponding type of fibres ~ ~ -the material thus treated is then either wound up and dwelled in the moist ~
.:~, . .
~ state or it is introduced into a steamer, hot flue or into a thermosol:
~ plantj where it is subjected to the action of heat. A ~et fi~ation or a short-.,.

. , 1 time exhaustion process with and without solvents is also possible for the ;~
development of the dyestuffs. An intermediate drying is expediently effected only if large amounts of foam have been applied.
~ According to the process described, the po~;sibilities of migration - are excluded, since the liquid portion contained in the foiam can be kept ab a lower~degree than hi~herto possible. Therefore, the dyestuff has no .
~ possibility of migrating with the liquid phase. ~i ~
The new dyeing process may also be carried out in a vacuum device;
the material is first evacuated and then passed through a further chamber -` 10 filled with foam so that the material absorbs in this case a very finelyporous foamO It is also possible to apply the foam on a sieve drum or a ~, sieve belt plant: An equally finely porous foam, i.e. a foam having visicles i as fine as possible is absorbed thro~ugh the fabric. For vacuum and suction application solid foams are preferably used. After an application process of this type however, the foam willc~ways have to be destroyed.
. ,~
With regard to the technical process achieved according to the present invention7 it has to be pointed out that the process of foaming always cor-responds according to its principle to a padding impregnation without foulard or to ian immersion without trough. Furthermore, the application of the foam `

20 has the advantage that the dyestuff application is more uniform.
The device used in the process claimed for applying dyestuffs and/or ~"r finishing agents simultaneously with the chemical products necessary for their i .,, i ~i fixation, essentii~lly consists of at least one propellant tank, one or several ~ ~ ~
~":"! ': ~'`
~i pressure vessels, wherein are stored the dissolved or dispersed dyestuffs ;,;, .. .
~ and/or finishing agents, wash-active substances, water and/or solvents,, " j , emulsifiers and chemical products to adjust suitable pH-conditions for dyei g, as well as at least one nozzle to spray the filling of the pressure vessel;
the afore-mentioned attachments of the device are connected ~ith ~ne another ::~

~1 in the order indicated, if desired, via a pipe line. The vessel itself con-'.'., ~:
~ _ 9 _ :

' ~03~,560 `
sists of a material resistant to pressure and may be provided with a special internal layer in order to be protected against aggressive or corroding -..
products. The pressure ve~sels used according to the invention have a cap-, ::
acity of 1 to 500 kg, preferably lo to loo kg. ~ ;
It is known from lacquer spray containers that they contain little balls to mix the contents, which makes it easier to disperse again a pigment which has settled. However, as soon as the filling of such vessels and thus, .
the vessels required reach a determined size, such balls can no longer be used as mixing auxiliaries. Therefore, the pressure vessel accorcling to the ]o invention contains a double sieve plate, a flat blade or a magnetic agitating means shaped accordlngly for mixing the dyeing preparation thoroughly. The -~ mixing proceeds~i~ohanically or directly by the propellant flowing into the ~; vessel. Such vessels, in which above all systems consisting of different ;ij phases can be transported, may addition~illy contain a vortex chamber. In ~;~ this chamber the various liquids and solutions or dispersions are thoroughly ~; ;
mixed or emulsified before being foamed, passing in this state to the foam ;; ;, noz~le. Thus, a very homogeneous and even distribution of the pressure vessel, ~' filling is insured. m e mixing and fQaming of dyestuffs, preparations, i~ compositions and auxiliaries is effected with the aid of tanks which contain ~i 20 the propellant.
.: . . , The special advantage of separate and interchangeable dyestuff vessels is that a completely ready dyestuff composition is available which yields - ~ ;
when being applied - a determined color build-up. For dyeing small material ;~
lots, single ready-deliverable dyestuff preparations are particularly ;~
interesting. In the case of large lotsg stationary devices or the container -~ principle will be mainly used.
i~ A concrete example for a pressure vessel according to the device of ,.. -.. , ~ .
t~ the present invention is given in the annexed scheme in cross section- The :; .~.~
.`,~ reference numbers used have the following meaning:
:,..
",, _ 10 - `"
:.
, .:~i ~ .
' '! . . ..

, .,.. ,. , . . , . , ., . ,, , , . . ~ , ..

1. channel from the propellant tank

2. wall of the pressure vessel , .

3. connection with the spraying nozzle

4. sieve plate mixer

5. dyeing liquoriwith a surface~active substance

6. mixture of difluoro-dichloromethane and tetrafluoro~
dichloroethane (gaseous) .~ 7. mixture of difluoro~dichloromethane and tetrafluoro- ;~
'; dichloroethane (liquified) ~ 10 The Color Index Numbers mentioned in the Examples are taken from the '`~J second edition 1956 and from the supplementary volume 1963. ;~
.;3 The following Examples illustrate the invention.
E X A M P L E 1:
., f , ~ , :
~ 2 Grams of the cationic dyestuff of the formula ,f _ _ , , .

N C - N=N ~ -N ~ 2 5 0 / CH
. ~ \S / ~ c~2-cn2-~ \ C~

were dissolved in 50 g of hot water with addition of 0.5 g of a 60% acetic !,:' acid. After cooling 24 g of isopropanol and 5 g of the reaction product of ;
'l ;;i 1 mol of nonylphenol and 10 mols of ethylene oxide were added and this solution was filled up to a liquor volume of 100 g by adding water of roo~
temperature.
90 Percent of this solution was mixed in a spraying Yessel resistant :J . I
to pressure with 10% of difluoro-dichloromethane. Then the solution was -:t" ' ~
sprayed through a slot die aS a finely ~esicular foam with a liquid portion of 2% and applied in a 3 cm layer ~nto a fabric of 100% polyacrylic fibres, -~
,~, . :

moving in warp directi~n in the horizontal sense, which corresponds ~o a ~`
liquor pick-up of 200% per kg of material. Then the foam layer was limited ~ ;

'.. ' -- 11 --'~' , lQ3~56~ ~, ~ to the adjusted height by a doctor knife or roller ~ttached directly behind l.
the foaming no~zle and uniformly spread over the full width of the material.
In the case of the above-mentioned composition of the liquor and the propel-lant mixture the foam had spontaneously decomposed after 10 seconds and the ,, .
liquor (liquid portion of the foam~ had uniformly penetrated the material. ~ -~ Subsequently, the textile material thus treated was continuously steamed for ; 10 minutes with saturated steam of 105C without intermediate drying, then . ~. . . .
~ rinsed and after a washing process dried and worked up. ~ ~
.. . . . .. ..
;; A completely uniform, intense red dyeing was obtained over the full width of the material and the fastness properties thereof correspond to those of a comparable dyeing obtained according to a padding process.
. ;~ . . ..
Equally ~ood dyeing results were obtained when up to 20% of .;'`'!~
tetraPluoro-dichloroethane were added to the above-mentioned propellant difluoro-dichloromethane. ;~
~ hen replacing in the above Example 5 g of the reaction product of 1 mol of nonyl phenol and lo mols of ethylene oxide as foaming substance by a ~l mixture of 2 g of dodecyl-dimethyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride and 3 g of ;~ octadecyl-dimethyl-benzyl ammonium chloride equally good results with regard " .. ,i.,, .: j:
~j to color yield and fastness properties were obtained. -.:i E X A M P L E 2:
~j~ To prepare the dyeing on a plane fabric of 100% polyacrylic ~ibres - ~ the operation was carried out as indicated in Example 1, but a combination of ~ 1.5 g of the cationic dyestuff of the formula L~ I ` 3 ~ ~

, CH3 H3C C~N

and 0.5 g of the cationic dyestuff of the formula .. , ~, ~
. .-~ ~ .
:

:.','.,` :

-. ,.,., .. -: ,.. , ~ . . , . - , . - : .

-- ~

H C ~ ~0 ~ -- N ~ 2 ZnC13 ~3 was used.
4.5 Grams of the reaction product of 1 mol of ~oconut fat amine and 8 mols of ethylene oxide were used as wash-active substance in this dyeing.
The height of the foam (liquor pick-up~ was adjusted to the color intensity desired. An even green dyeing was obtained.

1 Gram of the acid dyestuff Acid Blue 40 - C.J. No. 62 125 was dis~
solved in 70 g of hot water with addition of 0.5 g of a 60% acetic acid; after cooling this solution 18 g o~ isopropanol and 5 g of the reaction product op 1 mol of nonyl phenol and 10 mol9 o~ ethylene oxide were added and the batch was filled up to a liquor volume of 100 g by adding water of room temperature.
90 Pèrcent of this solution~was mixed in a~spraylng vesssl fast to pressure with 10% of dlfluoro-dichloromethane and applied as~a~finely vesicular foam with a liquid portion of 2% onto a web of tuf~ed carpet ~ , material of polyamide fibres with a backing material of polypropylene strips~
in a 5 cm layer through foaming slot dies. The total weight of the material was 400 g/m , the po b a~ide portion 160% of the welght of the material con~
sisted of 50% of light-d~eing and 50% of de~p-dyeing dlffsrential yarns. A
foam having this composition~and the 5 cm amount applied had a liquid portion of l l/m , which corresponds to a liquor~-plck-up of~ 250%~ calculated on the ;~
total weight of the material~ While being foamed, thematerial was passed on ths horizontal level in ths longitudinal sense~ the foam was knife-coated to a S cm height and thus e~enly spread over the whole mater web. After pass~
ing a short distance the material entered the~steamer. The material thus ... . .
;;~ ., `' ,~"'.:':

10385~ ;,~
treated was steamed for 20 minutes at 105C with saturated steam without intermediate drying; then the dyeing was rinsed, washed continuously, squeezed off and dried.
On the dyed carpet a well-differentiated blue tone-in-tone effect -was obtained. The surface with different color intensities showed- when considered separately - completely uniform dyeings and are free from frosting ~--effect.
Similar dyeing effects were obtained when a textile material consist~-ing completely of medium-dyeing fibres was covered with the above-mentioned dyeing foam and this one was partly removed from determined spots with the aid of a doctor knife of grated form.
E X A M P L E 4:
4 Grams of a disperse dyestuff consisting of a mixture of different diaminodihydroxyanthraquinones brominated with less than 1 mol of bromine per ~ ``
molecule of dyestuff, were dispersed in 50 g of hot water with addition of 0.5 g of a 60% acetic acid. After cooling 20 g of isopropanol and 5 g of a polymerization product of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide having a content ~ -of 40% by weight of polymerized ethylene and this solution was filled up to a liquor volume of 100 g by adding water of room temperature.
90 Percent of this~solution was mixed in a spraying vessel fast to pressure with 10% of difluoro-dichloromethane. Then the solution was sprayed through a slot die as a finely vesicular foam with a l;quid portion of 2%
and applied in a 1 cm layer onto a fabric of 100% polyester fibres ~texturized network) moving in warp direction in the horizontal sense, which corresponds to a liquor pick-up of about 200% per kg of material. Then the foam layer was limited to the adjusted height by a doctor knife or a~roller attached directly behind the foaming nozzle and uniformly spread over the full width ~ ;
of the material. In the case of the above-mentioned composition of the liquor and the propellant mixture the foam had decomposed after 30 seconds and the - 14 - ';

liquor (liquid portion of the foam) had uniforn~y penetrated the material.
Subsequently, the textile material th~s treated was intermediately dried with infrared radiation without being touched and continuously thermosolated for 5 minutes at 165 C, then rinsed and after a reductive cleaning at 85C with ;
an aqueous bath of 3 cc/l of sodium hydroxide solution 38 Bé~ 2 g/l of -hydrosulfite and 0.5 g/l of the reaction product of 1 mol of non~l phenol ~ -and 9 mols of ethylene oxide and a washing process the material was dried and ~
worked up. ;;
The full width of the material showed a completely even intense blue lo dyeing, the properties of which correspond to those of a dyeing obtainedaccording to a padding process. The fabric showed an excellent penetration of the dye.
Equally good tinctorial results were obtc~ined when up to 20% of tetrafluoro-dichloroethane were added to the above-mentioned propellant difluoro-dichloromethane. ~ `
The following summary lists a series of possibilities for dyeing ;
textile plane articles. The dyestuffs were dissolved in water or dispersed -as described in the prec~ding ~xamples, mixed with the chemical products and auxiliaries indicated in the table and then fixed according to the processes of development mentioned. The amounts by weight of the dyestuff etc. refer to a llquor volume of 100 g. In all Examples the development of the dyestuff or the condensation of the finishing agents was followed by a rinsing and ~ `washing process~
E X A M P L E 5~
Substratum: polyester/cotton (67:33) Dyestuffs 6 g of Disperse Yellow 5 - C.I. No. 12790 4 g of Reactive Yellow 17 - C.I. N0. 18852 Additives: 0-5 g of acetic acid (60%~
3 g of the reaction product of 1 mol of stearyl cilcohol and -~
25-mo`ls of ethylene oxide , Development: Thermosoling for 1 min. at 210 C; then cross- ~
..
padding with an aqueous liquor of 200 g/l of NaCl and 30 cc/l of NaOH 38 ~é.
E X A M P L E 6: ;;
Substratum~l polyester/~iscose fibres Dyestuffs: 4 g of the disperse dyestuff of the formula 02N ~ N N ~ N~

2 g of Vat Red 15 - C.I. No- 71100 Additives: 0-5 g of acetic acid (60%~
4 g of the addition oompound of 8 mols of ethylene oxide and 1 mol o~ ~sotridecyl alcohol Development: thermosoling for 1 min at 200C; then paddlng with an aqueous bath of 35 cc/l of NaOHg 38 C~
and 30 gll of hydrosulfite;
then steaming for 30 sec. at 103 C. '~

3~
Substratum: polyester/polynosic cellulose Dyestuffs: 8 g of the disperse dyestuff of the formula ;~
: .

~C2~40~

5 g of Solubilised Sulphur Red 6 - C.I. No- 53720 ;~ ;
l Additi~es: 0.5 g of acetic acid (60%~
;3 5 g of sodium octadecyl sulfonate ;
~`1 Development: thermosoling for 1 min. at 210 C; then padding ~ --with an aqueous bath o~ 8 g/l of Na2C03 and 10 g/l /,~ of NaSH; then steaming for 45 seconds at 105 C.

.~ . .

~038s6~
E X A M P L E 8: . :
Substratum: Polyamide Dyestuff: 3 g of Acid Orange 19 - C.I. No. 14690 -~Additives: o.6 g of acetic acid ~60%~
2 g of the condensation product of formaldehyde and 8-naphthalene-sulfonic acid.
3 g of an addition product of 1 mol of dodecyl phenol and 20 mols of ethylene oxide Development: steaming for 6 min. at 102 C.
E X A M P L E 9:
Substratum: cotton Dyestuff: 1 g of Solubilised Vat Orange 1 - C.I. No. 59106 Additives: 2 g/l of sodi~m nitrite 1 g of 2,5-dibutylnaphthalene-sulfonic acid sodi~
Development: passage with an aqueous bath of 20 cc/l of f' .
~2so4(g5%)-E X A M P L E 10: ~ :
Substratum: cotton Dyestuff: 3 g of Reactive Blue 19 - C.I. No. 61200 ~:~
Additives: 3.8 g of sodium salt of the N-methylamino-ethyl- :~
; ,~
sulfonic acid Development: Padding with an aqueous bath of 20 cc/l NaOH
38 Bé and 250 g/l of NaCl; then steaming for 20 seconds at 101 C. ~ ~;
., .
E X A M P L E 11~
: :
Substratum: polyester/viscose Finish: 30 g of dimethylol urea Additive: 3.5 g of triethanolamine dodecylsulfate ~03~56G~
Development: Spraying of an aqueous bath of lQ g/l of i~
MgC12; Drying at 100 C; condensing ~t 150 C
during 5 min.
E X A M P L E 12- . -~
Substratum: polypropylene Dyestuff: 4 g of Pigment Yellow 1 - C.I. No. 11680 Additives: aqueous self-reactive, copolymeric dispersion -~n acryl basis 6 g of the reaction product of 1,4-butanediol-monostearic acid ester and 7 mols of ethylene oxide Development, Drying at 100 C.
Condensing at 145 C during 5 min.
E X A M P L E 13:
Substratum: polypropylene Dyestuff: 4 g of Pigment Yellow 1 - C.I. No. 11680 i -~
Additives: aqueous plastics dispersion of polyvinyl chloride and/or polyvinyl-acetate ;
6 g of a reaction product of 1,4-butanediol-monostearic acid ester and ' 7 mols of ethylene oxide ! Development: Drying at 100 C, Condensing at 145 C for 5 min.

- 1~ -

Claims

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:

1. In a process for dyeing and/or textile finishing a flat article made of synthetic or natural fiber material or mixtures of such fibers, with at least one dyestuff and/or textile finishing agent suitable for the type of fiber in said article, and for the fixation of the dyestuff and the finishing agent, the improvement which comprises continuously applying to the article a liquor containing said dyestuff and/or finishing agent at room temperature and in the form of a foam having a gaseous propellant, controlling the thick-ness of foamed material applied to the article according to the desired liquor pickup, and effecting decomposition of the foam either by means of the composi-tion of the foam itself or by supplying foam-destroying agents.

2. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dyestuff and/or finishing agent liquor comprises a solution in a pure organic solvent or mixture of or-ganic solvents or an azeotropic water-containing mixture with organic solvents.

3. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vesicle size of the foam is on the average 0.01 to 0.1 mm.

4. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein multicolor effects according to the type of shadow dyeings are obtained by a different doctoring.

5. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein multicolor effects are obtain-ed by applying mixable and unmixable foams and/or by applying color foams of different durability or consistence in the form of designs.

6. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application of the foam is controlled by shutting and opening foam nozzles at predetermined time-inter-vals for imitating known dyeing techniques.