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CA1075025A - Cooling tower - Google Patents

Cooling tower

Info

Publication number
CA1075025A
CA1075025A CA301,305A CA301305A CA1075025A CA 1075025 A CA1075025 A CA 1075025A CA 301305 A CA301305 A CA 301305A CA 1075025 A CA1075025 A CA 1075025A
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
tower
heat exchanger
cooling tower
air
ring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CA301,305A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Geerard J. Kosten
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lummus Technology LLC
Original Assignee
Lummus Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lummus Co filed Critical Lummus Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1075025A publication Critical patent/CA1075025A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28BSTEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/06Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

COOLING TOWER
Abstract of the Disclosure A cooling tower in which the heat exchangers are arranged to form radially spaced concentric vertical cylinder walls, with air shields being positioned between the concentric cylinder walls to direct air flow through the exchangers. The air shields are upwardly inclined toward the tower center to approximate natural air flow.

Description

~ 1075025 ~ ','-.
This invention relates to cooling towers, and more particularly to cooling towers in which tubular heat exchangers are arranged whereby fluid - flowing through the tubes is indirectly cooled by air flow through the tower. -In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a hollow cooling tower having a plurality of heat exchangers within the tower.
Each heat exchanger includes a tubular heat transfer surface with the heat exchangers being inwardly spaced from the tower wall and circumferentially positioned to form at least oné heat exchanger ring, with the heat transfer surfaces thereof forming ring walls. The heat exchangers are preferably arranged to provide at least two radially spaced rings. m e heat exchangers of each ring are preferably arranged whereby the heat transfer surfaces thereof form concentrio cylindrical heat transfer walls.
The spacing between the rings and/or the height of the exchangers are coordinated to provide the required ratio of heat transfer surface to ~-air flow area and sufficient area for airflow to the heat transfer surface.
e heat exchangers are provided with suitable air directing means for directing air which is introduced into the tower through the-heat exchangers. The air directing means is generally in the form of a plur-ality of air shields which extend between adjacent rings of heat exchangers, with the shields being upwardly inclined from the tower periphery to the tower center. The air shields extend from the bottom of the exchanger of one .

. . --1--. , ring to the top of the exchanger of the next inner ring. The exchangers and shields are arranged so that the air shield inclination corresponds to the tangent to the average direction of air flow through the tower to thereby reduce parasitic losses.
The invention will be further described with respect to the accompanying drawings; wherein:
Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a partial section in elevation of the embodiment of Figure l;
Figure 3 is a top sectional view taken along line 3-3 of Figure l;
Figure 4 is a partial section along line 4-4 of Figure 2;
Figures 5a, 5b, and 5c are schematic representations of various ring configurations; and Figure 6 is a schematic representation of an embodiment including a modified air directing shield.
Referring to the drawings, there is shown a hollow cooling tower in the form of a natural draft hyperbolic cooling tower 10, having inlets 11 through which cooling air flows, by natural draft, from the surrounding atmosphere. It is to be understood that the tower-could be of the forced air type or could be a natural draft tower with a shape other than hyperbolic, i.e., cylindrical or flared.
The lower interior of the cooling tower 10 is provided with a plur-ality of heat exchangers 21; each of which has a heat exchanger surface 22 in the form of a tube bundle having a plurality of tubes 23. The tubes 23 may be horizontalor vertical tubes, and as particularly shown, the tubes arehorizontal.

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''-' ~ ~

As ~nown in the art, the tubes 23 of each exchanger are suitably arranged to permit air flow through the exchanger whereby fluid flowing through the tubes is cooled by such air flow.
The heat exchangers 21 are circumferentially arranged to ~rm radially spaced rings 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d, and 24e, with the heat transfer surfaces 22 thereof forming substantially vertical ring walls.
As particularly shown, the heat exchanger surfaces or bundles 22 are arranged along tangent planes of concentric vertical cylinders whereby the heat exchanger surfaces define concentric generally vertical cylindrical heat transfer walls.
Air directing means in the form of a plurality of flat shields 26 are provided for each ring of heat exchangers to prevent air from flowing upwardly through the spaces between theheat exchanger rings and thereby direct air through the heat exchangers of each ring. The air shields for each ring are tapered in width from bottom to top and are arranged around the ring coextensive with the heat exchanger surfaces of the ring. The shields 26 interconnect adjacent heat exchanger rings and are downwardly inclined from the top of the heat exchanger of a ring, to the bottom of the heat exchangers of the next-outer ring. Each heat exchanger of a ring is preferably indi-vidually provided with an air shield 26, although it is possible to provideindividual air shields which act as air directing means for two or more ex-changers of a ring, or to provide a plurality of shields for each exchanger in the ring. The air shields 26 forthe outer ring ofexchangers extend downwardly from the top of the exchangers of the outer ring 24e to the tower wall.
The air shields are positioned at an angle to approximate the direction of air flow which occurs in the cooling tower 10 to reduce parasitic losses. The proper inclination of the shields such that they approximate the tangent to the average direction of air flow which occurs in tower 10 can be obtained b'y proper arrangement of the elevation of the cylindrical heat transfer walls with respect to each other, the diameters of the heat exchanger rings and/or the height of the heat exchangers. m e air shields 26 for the outer ring of heat exchangers eliminates the ineffective zone at the lintel of the tower by guiding the air which is normally detached at the lintel through the outer ring of heat exchangers.
The heat exchangers 21 generally have a rectangular shape and are positioned with the longer dimension as the height, i.e., the height of each exchanger 21 is greater than its width. It is to be understood, how-ever, that the arrangement could be otherwise, although such an arrangement is preferred.
me overall geometry for arranging the concentric cylindrical heat exchanger surfaces can vary. m us, the respective concentric heat exchange ring elevations can be arranged to provide a hyperbolic bundle geometry (Fig. 5a), a paraboli~bundle geometry (Fig. 5b),or a single level bundle geometry (Fig. 5c). It is to be understood that other geometries are also possible.
Similarly, in accordance with the present invention, it is possible to select an economic tube bundle height and appropriately adjust the number of rings and distances therebetween to provide a required total bundle surface for a given tower diameter.
Similarly, the required ratio of bundle surface to airflow area can be maintained over the entire tower cross-section by increasing the distance between heat exchanger rings toward the tower center while keeping the height of each bundle constant, or by decreasing the bundle height towards the tower center while maintaining a constant distance between rings.
The heat exchangers of each ring 24a, 24b, 24c, etc. are conven-iently supported within the tower on ringbeams 31 which are supported by suitable circumferentially spaced columns 32.
The heat exchangers 21 of each ring can be conveniently provided with a fluid to be cooled or condensed through a ring manifold 41 for the heat exchanger ring, which is appropriately connected to a vertical inlet manifold 42 for each heat exchanger 21 of the heat exchanger ring. Similarly, cooled fluid can be withdrawn from each heat exchanger of a heat exchanger ring through an outlet ring manifold 43 which is appropriately connected to the outlet manifold 44 of each exchanger.
A fluid inlet pipe 45 is connected to each ring manifold through suitable interconnecting piping S6 which preferably includes suitable valving 47 whereby one or more rings can be taken out of operation, while main-taining a symmetrical air flow pattern through the remaining rings of heat exchangers. ~uitable outlet piping (not shown) and interconnecting piping (not shown) are provided for withdrawing fluid from the outlet manifold rings 43. -Air flow can be controlled through the heat exchanger rings byproviding for movable air shield means which can be moved between a position which directs air flow through the exchanger and a position which prevents air from flowing through the exchanger. An example of such an embodiment is schematically illustrated in Figure 6.
Referring to Figure 6, the air shield 51 is divided intoastationary upper part 52 and a movable part 53, with the lower part having a length sufficient to cover the distance between two rings of heat exchangers.
The lower part 53 is suitably hinged to the supporting ringbea~ 31 and can be moved by a suitable hinge actuator 54, which can be a hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical-electric actuator. In the lower position, the lower portion 53 of air shields 51 effectively blocks air flow to its ring of exchangers 21.
In the upper position, the air shields function to direct air to their re-spective ring of exchangers.
The movable air shield can be employed to take one or more rings of exchangers or one or more exchangers of a ring out of operation by block-ing air flow thereto. In addition, the shields can be effectively employed to - control air flow under freezing conditions. Thus, air flow can be stopped to the heat exchangers of a ring by lowering the lower portions of the air shields for that ring, whereby the heat exchangers of that ring are in the warm-airside of the tower and the hot fluids in the tube do not dissipate heat a~d do not freeze.
Although the invention has been described with respect to a specific embodiment thereof, the scope of the invention is not to be limited thereby.
mus~ for example, although the heat exchanger ring walls are preferably in the form of a cylinder, such ring walls could have another form. Thus, for 20 example, the ring walls could have a generally conical shape with the walls ~ -being downwardly inclined from the tower wall to the tower center.
Similarly, although the tubes of the exchangers are shown as U-shaped tubes, straight tubes could be employed. Similarly, the tubes may be vertical rather than horizontal.
The above modifications and others should be apparent to those skilled in the art from the teachings herein.

.

~07502S

me fluid cooled or condensed in the exchangers can be a gas, such as steam, which is condensed by passage through the exchanger tubes, or a liquid, such as water, which is cooled in the tubes. Steam conden-sation is preferably effected in hori~ontal tubes connected between vertical inlet and outlet manifolding, and water cooling in vertical tubes; however, -the invention is not limited to such preferred operations.
The exchangers are preferably arranged, as hereinabove described, in a manner such that there is an increase in heat transfer area surface from the center of the tower to the periphery thereof in that there is an increase in airflow from the tower center to the tower periphery. In accordance with the present invention, such an increase in area can be provided by increasing the height of the exchangers or by changing the distance between exchanger rings. In addition, the present invention provides for stable operation under reduced load and cross-wind conditions `~ and for varying load-conditions.
mese and other advantages should be apparent from the teachings herein.

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Claims (16)

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE PROPERTY
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A cooling tower, comprising;
a hollow tower comprising air inlet means for intro-ducing air at the lower peripheral wall of the tower and means for withdrawing air from the top of the tower;
a plurality of heat exchangers comprising tubular heat exchanger surfaces positioned within said tower and disposed in-wardly from the tower wall whereby said air inlet means is free of heat exchanger surfaces, said heat exchangers being circum-ferentially arranged to form at least two radially spaced heat exchanger rings with the heat exchanger surfaces thereof forming ring walls, said rings extending to a progressively higher eleva-tion from the inner ring to the outer ring; and air directing means for directing air introduced into the tower through the heat exchangers.
2. The cooling tower of Claim 1 wherein said heat exchanger surfaces form smooth ring walls.
3. The cooling tower of Claim2 wherein there are more than two rings of heat exchangers.
4. The cooling tower of Claim 3 wherein the heat ex-changers are arranged to form concentric cylindrical heat ex-changer surface ring walls.
5. The cooling tower of Claim 4 wherein the air directing means is comprised of flat air shields for each heat exchanger ring which are downwardly inclined from the tower center and extend between adjacent heat exchanger rings, with the air shields for the outer heat exchanger ring extending to the tower wall.
6. The cooling tower of Claim 5 wherein the air shields are inclined at an angle to approximate natural air flow through the tower.
7. The cooling tower of Claim 6 wherein the heat exchangers have a greater height than width.
8. The cooling tower of Claim 7 wherein each heat exchanger surface is formed from a plurality of tubes.
9. The cooling tower of Claim 8 wherein the plurality of tubes are vertical tubes.
10. The cooling tower of Claim 8 wherein the plurality of tubes are horizontal tubes.
11. The cooling tower of Claim 7 wherein the heat exchangers are arranged along tangent planes of concentric ver-tical cylinders to form said cylindrical heat exchanger surface ring walls.
12. The cooling tower of Claim 6 wherein the air shields are tapered in width from bottom to top.
13. The cooling tower of Claim 6 wherein said air shields are comprised of a fixed upper part and a movable lower part, said lower part having a length to cover the distance between heat exchanger rings, said movable lower part being movable be-tween an open position which directs air through the heat changers and a closed position which blocks air flow to the heat exchangers.
14. The cooling tower of Claim 6 wherein the cooling tower is a natural draft tower.
15. The cooling tower of Claim 6 wherein there is a plurality of heat exchanger rings with the spacing between heat exchanger rings increasing towards the center of the tower.
16. The cooling tower of Claim 6 wherein there is a plurality of heat exchanger rings with the heat exchanger height of each ring decreasing toward the tower center.
CA301,305A 1977-04-18 1978-04-17 Cooling tower Expired CA1075025A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US78861077A 1977-04-18 1977-04-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1075025A true CA1075025A (en) 1980-04-08

Family

ID=25145016

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA301,305A Expired CA1075025A (en) 1977-04-18 1978-04-17 Cooling tower

Country Status (11)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS53131551A (en)
BR (1) BR7802262A (en)
CA (1) CA1075025A (en)
DE (1) DE2816293C2 (en)
FI (1) FI65377C (en)
FR (1) FR2388235A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1600521A (en)
HU (1) HU184162B (en)
IT (1) IT1104110B (en)
NL (1) NL7802825A (en)
ZA (1) ZA781028B (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2449258A1 (en) * 1979-02-16 1980-09-12 Cem Comp Electro Mec Cooling tower with internal, central heat exchanger - has peripheral cooler at base with cavity under it equipped with shutters
CH669990A5 (en) * 1986-03-08 1989-04-28 Colenco Ag
DE9404370U1 (en) * 1994-03-16 1994-12-22 Hamon Kühltürme und Apparatebau GmbH, 44805 Bochum Reinforced concrete shell cooling tower with clean gas discharge through its exhaust air flow
CN102305555B (en) * 2011-08-01 2012-10-10 山西省电力勘测设计院 Parameter determination method of indirect air cooling tower with horizontally arranged radiator
CN103940254B (en) * 2014-04-29 2015-12-30 华北电力大学 Air apparatus for deivation in a kind of indirect cool tower

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1091084B (en) * 1959-05-21 1960-10-20 Gea Luftkuehler Ges M B H Air-cooled condenser for the top product of a distillation or rectification column
FR1277977A (en) * 1959-05-21 1961-12-08 Gea Luftkuehler Happel Gmbh Improvements to air-cooled condensers for distillation or rectification columns
DE1271129B (en) * 1963-03-30 1968-06-27 Siemens Ag Heat exchanger for air condensation systems of steam engines
FR1371857A (en) * 1963-07-01 1964-09-11 Gea Luftkuehler Happel Gmbh Improvements to air-cooled heat exchangers
GB1141831A (en) * 1965-02-23 1969-02-05 Central Electr Generat Board Improvements in or relating to cooling towers
DE1263035B (en) * 1965-11-05 1968-03-14 Guenter Schoell Dr Ing Air-cooled large heat exchanger with a fan and a large number of heat exchange elements arranged on a circumference
FR1528063A (en) * 1967-04-28 1968-06-07 Installation of contact and heat exchange between a liquid and a gas
DE2108615B2 (en) * 1971-02-24 1978-03-02 Kraftwerk Union Ag, 4330 Muelheim Air-cooled condensation device
DE2242058B2 (en) * 1972-08-26 1980-06-19 Balcke-Duerr Ag, 4030 Ratingen Cooling tower with a tubular, vertical jacket
DE2248895C3 (en) * 1972-10-05 1979-07-26 The Marley Co., Mission, Kan. (V.St.A.) Cooling tower
DE2405999C3 (en) * 1974-02-08 1981-06-04 GEA Luftkühlergesellschaft Happel GmbH & Co KG, 4630 Bochum Natural draft dry cooling tower
DE2424059C3 (en) * 1974-05-17 1979-04-26 Gea-Luftkuehlergesellschaft Happel Gmbh & Co Kg, 4630 Bochum Cooling tower
US3942588A (en) * 1974-11-04 1976-03-09 The Lummus Company Cooling tower
FR2300313A1 (en) * 1975-02-04 1976-09-03 Cem Comp Electro Mec Twin cooling circuit for cooling tower - has pumping and control valve system for independent or series operation
CH596528A5 (en) * 1975-08-29 1978-03-15 Escher Wyss Gmbh

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI65377B (en) 1984-01-31
IT1104110B (en) 1985-10-14
DE2816293A1 (en) 1978-10-19
HU184162B (en) 1984-07-30
GB1600521A (en) 1981-10-14
BR7802262A (en) 1978-12-05
DE2816293C2 (en) 1983-01-27
FR2388235A1 (en) 1978-11-17
FI780630A7 (en) 1978-10-19
FR2388235B1 (en) 1984-04-20
FI65377C (en) 1984-05-10
ZA781028B (en) 1979-02-28
JPS5624189B2 (en) 1981-06-04
NL7802825A (en) 1978-10-20
IT7848445A0 (en) 1978-03-15
JPS53131551A (en) 1978-11-16

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