CA1062065A - Three dimensional photography using lenticulus screens - Google Patents
Three dimensional photography using lenticulus screensInfo
- Publication number
- CA1062065A CA1062065A CA248,965A CA248965A CA1062065A CA 1062065 A CA1062065 A CA 1062065A CA 248965 A CA248965 A CA 248965A CA 1062065 A CA1062065 A CA 1062065A
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- film
- developed
- image
- lenticular screen
- light
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940000425 combination drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002844 continuous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000887 face Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Stereoscopic And Panoramic Photography (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present invention provides a method of taking a three dimensional photograph which comprises, an exposing step including providing a camera having an objective lens, a shutter and a first film of light sensitive material, a lenticular screen stationarily located immediately in front of said first film, and exposing said first film to light from an object image through said lenticular screen to form on said first film a reversed three dimensional image, a processing step for developing said reversed image on said first film and fixing said developed image thereon, a sensitizing step including placing said developed first film adjacent a further lenticular screen identical to the lenticular screen in said camera, placing a second film of light sensitive material adjacent to said developed first film on a side thereof remote from said further lenticular screen, exposing said second film to a beam of light through said further screen and said developed first film, and moving said developed first film relative to said second film during the last mentioned expo-sure, and a developing step for developing a normal three dimen-sional image exposed on said second film and fixing said developed image thereon.
The present invention provides a method of taking a three dimensional photograph which comprises, an exposing step including providing a camera having an objective lens, a shutter and a first film of light sensitive material, a lenticular screen stationarily located immediately in front of said first film, and exposing said first film to light from an object image through said lenticular screen to form on said first film a reversed three dimensional image, a processing step for developing said reversed image on said first film and fixing said developed image thereon, a sensitizing step including placing said developed first film adjacent a further lenticular screen identical to the lenticular screen in said camera, placing a second film of light sensitive material adjacent to said developed first film on a side thereof remote from said further lenticular screen, exposing said second film to a beam of light through said further screen and said developed first film, and moving said developed first film relative to said second film during the last mentioned expo-sure, and a developing step for developing a normal three dimen-sional image exposed on said second film and fixing said developed image thereon.
Description
106~ 0~;5 The present invention relates to a method for taking a three dimensional photograph using lenticular screens and further to an apparatus for effecting this method.
A three dimensional photograph obtained using lenticular screens is in general distinguished from a three dimensional photograph comprising two photographic sheets which have been taken from two different viewing angles and are separately viewed by both eyes, and is defined as comprising a single photo-graphic sheet which may be three-dimensionally viewed directly by both eyes. To effect this, as is well known, the photograph (positive) itself has a lenticular screen covering the picture ~- surface thereof and the three dimensional viewing effect is ~; obtained by a function of said lenticular screen and the picture surface viewed through said lenticular screen. Thus the total image included in a photographing angle is sensitized into an image reversed both laterally and vertically as in conventional photography using a lenticular screen placed on a surface of sensitive material. In such a case, individual images formed by the lenticular screen to be three dimensionally viewed also present a laterally reversed position relationship in said reversed arrangement and, accordingly, can not be directly used as the images which may be three dimensionally viewed. The reasons for this will be described in detail later and the out-line thereof has been described in Japanese Patent Application No. 1971-20693 published December 1, 1972 in Japanese Official Gazette No. 1972-37637 and entitled "Apparatus for taking three dimensional photograph" filed by the applicant on April 6, 1971, particularly in reference with Fig. 8 thereof and in Japanese Patent Application No. 1971-20694 published on December 1, 1972 in Japanese Official Gazette No. 1972-37638 also entitled "Apparatus for taking three dimensional photograph" filed by the applicant on the same date, particularly in reference with Fig. 1 106;~06S
thereof. These patent applications disclose methods by which the desired three dimensional photograph is obtained by a single operation of photographing and respectively disclose, in association with said methods, apparatuses for taking a three dimensional photograph without formation of reversed three dimensional image. The apparatus according to the former is so arranged that a lenticular screen placed in front of a sensitive ", surface is moved synchronously with movement over a desired distance of a shutter or a slit adapted to move across an ! ~ 10 objective by a unit pitch of said shutter or slit in photograph-~;,'' ' ing and thereby an object image which would otherwise be pro-jected as the corresponding reversed three dimensional image is projected as the corresponding normal three dimensional image.
The apparatus according to the latter is so arranged that a mask (screen) provided with a slit interposed between a lenticular screen and sensitive material is moved relatively to said sensitive material for a time of a single shutter opening, where-in the amount of movement of each member is selected from mult-iples of a unit pitch of the lenticular screen, and thereby a reversed three dimensional image is converted into the correspond--ing normal three dimensional image.
These improved apparatuses according to said both applicationseliminate the inconvenientoperation usually essential to obtain a three dimensional photograph of directly visual type - in which an object to be photographed or a camera itself is rotatediha circulararc while same object is exposedmany timesand ; providesthe desired three dimensional photograph by asingle operation of photographing. These apparatuses require, however, the synchronou~ movement of the lenticular screen for each scanning during which the shutter is moved across the objective and the relative synchronous movement among said lenticular screen, the mask provided with the slit, and the sensitive material, and
A three dimensional photograph obtained using lenticular screens is in general distinguished from a three dimensional photograph comprising two photographic sheets which have been taken from two different viewing angles and are separately viewed by both eyes, and is defined as comprising a single photo-graphic sheet which may be three-dimensionally viewed directly by both eyes. To effect this, as is well known, the photograph (positive) itself has a lenticular screen covering the picture ~- surface thereof and the three dimensional viewing effect is ~; obtained by a function of said lenticular screen and the picture surface viewed through said lenticular screen. Thus the total image included in a photographing angle is sensitized into an image reversed both laterally and vertically as in conventional photography using a lenticular screen placed on a surface of sensitive material. In such a case, individual images formed by the lenticular screen to be three dimensionally viewed also present a laterally reversed position relationship in said reversed arrangement and, accordingly, can not be directly used as the images which may be three dimensionally viewed. The reasons for this will be described in detail later and the out-line thereof has been described in Japanese Patent Application No. 1971-20693 published December 1, 1972 in Japanese Official Gazette No. 1972-37637 and entitled "Apparatus for taking three dimensional photograph" filed by the applicant on April 6, 1971, particularly in reference with Fig. 8 thereof and in Japanese Patent Application No. 1971-20694 published on December 1, 1972 in Japanese Official Gazette No. 1972-37638 also entitled "Apparatus for taking three dimensional photograph" filed by the applicant on the same date, particularly in reference with Fig. 1 106;~06S
thereof. These patent applications disclose methods by which the desired three dimensional photograph is obtained by a single operation of photographing and respectively disclose, in association with said methods, apparatuses for taking a three dimensional photograph without formation of reversed three dimensional image. The apparatus according to the former is so arranged that a lenticular screen placed in front of a sensitive ", surface is moved synchronously with movement over a desired distance of a shutter or a slit adapted to move across an ! ~ 10 objective by a unit pitch of said shutter or slit in photograph-~;,'' ' ing and thereby an object image which would otherwise be pro-jected as the corresponding reversed three dimensional image is projected as the corresponding normal three dimensional image.
The apparatus according to the latter is so arranged that a mask (screen) provided with a slit interposed between a lenticular screen and sensitive material is moved relatively to said sensitive material for a time of a single shutter opening, where-in the amount of movement of each member is selected from mult-iples of a unit pitch of the lenticular screen, and thereby a reversed three dimensional image is converted into the correspond--ing normal three dimensional image.
These improved apparatuses according to said both applicationseliminate the inconvenientoperation usually essential to obtain a three dimensional photograph of directly visual type - in which an object to be photographed or a camera itself is rotatediha circulararc while same object is exposedmany timesand ; providesthe desired three dimensional photograph by asingle operation of photographing. These apparatuses require, however, the synchronou~ movement of the lenticular screen for each scanning during which the shutter is moved across the objective and the relative synchronous movement among said lenticular screen, the mask provided with the slit, and the sensitive material, and
-2-106~()65 : ~
thus these apparatuses can not be used for photographing of a ~ ~' moving object to be photographed, and particularly for momentary photographing under Strobo light as well as under flash light of ~ ' which the emission period is shorter than the period for which the movement of the respective members as mentioned above.
These disadvantages are effectively avoided, according to the present invention, by an improvement such that the desired three dimensional photograph is obtained independently of the manner of photographing such as those under the Strobo discharge light and the flash light from the flash bulb used as the illum-, ''-inating light for photographing, and even when a photographic object is moving.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a method ' and apparatus by which the desired three dimensional photograph of directly visual type is obtained independently of the photo-graphing requirements. The present invention also provides a camera mechanism to obtain said three dimensional photograph of directly visual type simplified such that anybody may take the ' three dimensional photograph of directly visual type with the camera at low cost and thus popularization of the three dimen- , sional photograph ~of directly visual type is achieved. The present invention also provides a method and the apparatus by which the image obtained by said camera mechanism at low cost may be reproduced as many times as desired.
The method according to the present invention does not involve the concept of the exposure of many times for the same object to be photographed being essential to obtain a three dimensional photograph of directly visual type and provides such a three dimensional photograph through a single exposure since this method enables photographing under the Strobo discharge light or the flash bulb light as well as momentarily photographing of even a moving object to be photographed. The'sensitizing image ~: obtained by said single exposure is formed as a reversed three .
i,, dimensional image, according to the present invention, and said ,, .
;, reversed three dimensional image is converted into the corres-, ponding normal three dimensional image in the process of making a print from a sensitized original which carries thereon said reversed three dimensional image. A critical feature of the ,~
present invention lies in this conversion from the reversed three dimensional image into the normal three dimensional image. One of problems encountered in the attempt to obtain a three dimen-sional photograph of directly visual type is how to project not a reversed three dimensional image but a normal three dimensional image on the sensitive material and various efforts have already '~
been made to solve this problem. The well known method of multi-exposure type is also one of the measures to solve said problem and the propositions as disclosed by the aforesaid patent publications by which the desired three dimensional photograph is obtained through a single exposure, also are the measures to solve said problem. With such a method of multi-exposure type, however, a troublesome operation such that successive photo-graphings with different viewing angles must be carried out for an object ,to be photographed, using one and same sensitive material, or successive photos must be done with the object itself being rotated around its own axis can not be avoided although the camera mechanism requires no special moving member included therein and the desired effect is obtained by placing a lenticular screen in front of the sensitive surface. To avoid said troublesome operation and thereby to obtain the desired photograph by a single exposure, it is necessary to use an , objective of large aperture and to effect synchronous movements of the respective members included in the camera mechanism itself over predetermined distances. However, this would result in an expensive camera, the cost of which could be too high to 106;~065 ., :......... . .
.. ..
`:: be generally used and it would be not easy for the user to carry , .r., the equipment parts and the material necessary for photographing - -~, wit;h him or her. The photo~raphic camera according to the present invention for effecting the method according to t~e .G:, :
present invention is arranged presupposing that a reversed three dimensional image is intentionally obtained on the sensitive material, so that it is not necessary to move the camera with ~- successively different viewing angles or to rotate the object .
itself around its own axis. Furthermore, the photographic .
camera according to the present invention is extremely advanta-geous also in that no special mechanism of which the members must be synchronously moved for predetermined distances, respectively, is required therein and the desired three dimensional photograph is obtained simply with the lenticular screen temporarily or permanently placed immediately in front of the sensitive material .
~~ in the conventional manner of photographing.
;. According to the present invention therefore there is . provided a method of taking a three dimensional photograph which .. comprises, an exposing step including producing a camera having .
an objective lens, a shutter and a first film of light sensitive material, a lenticular screen stationarily located immediately .;~ in front of said first film, and exposing said first film to ~ :.
light from an object image through said lenticular screen to form on said first film a reversed three dimensional image, a process-~;. ing step for developing said reversed image on said first film and fixing said developed image thereon, a sensitizing step including placing said developed first film adjacent a further lenticular screen identical to the lenticular screen in said camera, placing a second film of light sensitive material '. 30 adjacent to said developed first film on a side thereof remote from said further lenticular screen, exposing said second film : to a beam of light through said further screen and said developed ~A7 5 ~O~;~Of~5 .
first film, and moving said developed first film relative to said second film during the last mentioned exposure, and a developing step for developing a normal three dimensional image exposed on said second film and fixing said developed image thereon.
~- The present invention also provides an apparatus for ~, taking a three dimensional photograph comprising, a camera having i a shutter, an objective lens, means for retaining a first film ; of light sensitive material whereby said first film is exposed on opening said shutter to light from an image object passing 10 through said objective lens, and a lenticular screen stationarily placed immediately in front of said first film for passing light ; therethrough onto said first film to form a reversed three dimensional image thereon, a processing device including means : for developing said reversed image on said first film and fixing said developed image thereon, a sensitizing device including a further lenticular screen of the identical optical arrangement with said lenticular screen for holding said developed first film with one side thereof immediately adjacent one side of said further lenticular screen, means for holding a second film of light sensitive material immediately adjacent an opposite side ~ of said developed first film remote from said further lenticular ; screen, a light source adapted to project a beam of light through said further lenticular screen and said developed first film on said second film, and means to provide relative movement between said developed first film and said second film during passage of . said beam whereby to convert the reversed three dimensional image ` on said developed first film to a normal trivisional image on said second film, and a developing device for developing said normal three dimensional image exposed on said second film and fixing said developed image thereon.
The present invention will be described in more detail by way of the accompanying drawings in which, ,. ..
Fig. 1 partially shows a photographing optical system used in the method and the apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention, illustrating the manner in which a -~! reversed three dimensional image of an object to be photographed is projected by said optical system on a sensitive material;
Fig. 2 principally illustrates processes and a sensi- ~
tizing optical system serving to convert said reversed three -dimensional image into the corresponding normal three dimensional image in order to obtain a print used as a three dimensional . 10 photograph, using an original carrying thereon said reversed three dimensional image which has been obtained by the photo-graphing optical system as shown by Fig. l; and Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing by way of example ., . :
a lens system used in the apparatus of the present invention.
Rèferring to the drawings, Fig. 1 illustrates the mannér in which a picture appears when an object is photographed '; ":
by a photographic camera having a lenticular screen located ~- immediately in front of sensitive material. Referring to Fig. 1, X designates the position of the object to be photographed, Lo an objective, SO a shutter located behind said objective and adapted to be opened and closed transversely of the optical axis, ;; Mo the lenticular screen and Fo sensitive material. The objective Lo to be used for photographing is preferably the ;~ - objective as shown by Fig. 3, which is cut along planes extending in parallel to the main optical axis of said objective. Corres-."s~
pondingly, it is preferred that the shutter SO is adapted to be opened and closed transversely of the cutting planes of said objective Lo extending in parallel to each other and to form, as opened, a slit. In executing of the t /
~ -6A-i' ,. . .. . . .
, .
method according to the present invention, however, such a combin-ation of lens and shutter as mentioned just above is not critical.
It is well known that the lenticular screen Mo comprises a plural-ity of continuously arranged and assembled lens elements each having the shape of fine, vertically long semicylinder which has ~., a surface of circular arc in cross section and a uniform width as narrow as normally in order of 0.2mm to 5.0mm. Accordingly, the ~ boundary lines of adjacent lens elements corresponding to opposite r~ ends of each circular arc in cross section of the lenticular screen define a plurality of stripes extending in parallel to one another and transversely of the cutting planes of the objective as shown by Fig. 3, which extend, in turn, in parallel to each other. With such an optical system for sensitization, the light rays coming from an object to be photographed pass through, upon opening of the shutter, SO' the objective Lo to the lenticular ~; screen Mo and then pass through the latter to the sensitive material Fo. In this passage, the light rays are subjected to a refraction in said objective Lo and the lenticular screen Mo.
The manner of image formation will no~ be considered with respect to the portion of an object to be photograpned that lies between points P and Q in Figure 1. The light rays coming from the point P and being incident upon the objective Lo ,` are included within a beam ~1 covering the effective aperture of the objective Lo and the light rays coming from the point Q and . being incident upon the objective L are included within another i.
beam ~2~ f the light rays included within these beams, only the portion that passes through a particular lenticular element m2 of a plurality of lenticular elements ml, m2, m3 ...... serially ; arranged and assembled to form the image of said portion will be ' 30 considered. The light rays coming from the points P and Q, and centrally passing through the objective Lo, form the corresponding images at points P2 and Q2' respectively, on the sensitive surface 106~06S
, Fo. Such a mechanism of image formation is shown by solid lines for better understanding. Of the beam ~1 coming from the point P, the light rays which have been incident, not upon the lenticular element m2, but upon the lenticular element ml adjacent said lenticular element m2 are subjected to a refraction in passing through said element ml and then form the image of said point P at a point Pl on the sensitive material surface Fo while the light rays of the beam ~2 coming from the point Q which have been incident, not upon the lenticular element m2, but upon the lenticu- ~
; 1~ lar element m3 adjacent said lenticular element m2 are subjected - -to a refraction in passing through said element m3 and then form the image of said point Q at a point Q3 on the sensitive material surface Fo. Although it might be considered that all the light rays coming from the portion of the object to be photographed that lies between the points P and Q pass through only three lenticular elements consisting of the elements m1, m2 and m3, as shown by Fig. 1 in which each lenticular element is shown in a scale larger than it really is for convenience of illustration, these light rays coming from the portion of the object lying between the points P and Q really pass through, besides said three lenticular elements ml, m2 and m3, a plurality of successive lenticular elements arranged symmetrically of said lenticular element m2 to form the projected image of said portion including the projected images of said points P and Q in each element because each lenticu-lar element has, as previously mentioned, a width as small as in ... . ~ . . . . .
order of 2.0 mm to 5.0 mm. It is well known that the three dimensional photograph of the directly visual type is principall-r based on a plurality of projected images of the points P and Q
formed by such a plurality of lenticular elements. However, the projected image thus formed in every lenticular element is a reversed image which cannot be directly a desired three dimensional image. Now a condition of the image formed in each lenticular 106~06S
element will be considered again with respect only to the particular lenticular element m2. Images of surfaces B, B- and B+ of a three dimensional object Bo to be photographed which lies between the points P and Q are formed in the order of B'+, B' and B'- on the sensitive material surface Fo. Thus, the image of the surface B+ is formed near the image point Q2 and the image of the surface B- is formed near the image point P2. Such an image formation arrangement is true also with respect to an object Ao lying between a point L and the point P, of which the image is formed in the adjacent lenticular element ml and with respect to an object CO lying between the point Q and point R, of which the . . .
image is formed in the oppositely adjacent lenticular element m3.
From the fact that this image formation arrangement corresponds to the arrangement of surfaces of the object itself to be photo-graphed, it might be incorrectly considered as if the projected -image as mentioned above is three dimensionally viewed. When the projected image is viewed through the lenticular screen comprising a plurality of lenticular elements each having a semicylindrical configuration, however, the image can be never viewed as a three dimensional image. Namely, when viewed through such a lenticular screen, the left side surface B- of the object Bo to be photo-graphed is formed as a left image B'- and the right side surface ~.
B+ of said object Bo is formed as a right image B'~ so that the :-left image B'- is opposite through the semicylindric lenticular lenses to the right eye and the right image B'+ is similarly opposite to the left eye of a person who directly views the pro-jected images. Thus, the right eye views an enlarged image corresponding to the left image B'- and the left eye views an enlarged image corresponding to the right image B'+, respectively, ,. . .
through the lenticular screen. This relationship is true also with respect to the objects Ao and CO so that the image obtained by the operation of photographing as previously mentioned on the _ g _ "~' 10~065 sensitive material surface F is reversed three dimensional image.
According to the present invention, such a reversed -~
three dimensional image is intentionally obtained in photographing ;, so 1:hat using an original carrying thereon said reversed three ;
:: .
dimensional image as a picture, said reversed three dimensional ; image is converted in printing into the corresponding normal three dimensional image so as to be three dimensionally viewed.
The method and the apparatus ~or taking a three dimensional fi, photograph according to the present invention include, therefore, photographing means to obtain the reversed three dimenslonal image, and method and/or device to convert said reversed three dimensional image obtained by said photographing means, using the ' original carrying thereof said reversed three dimensional image, i into the corresponding normal three dimensional image in printing operation.
The step at which said reversed three dimensional image obtained by said photographing operation is converted into the corresponding normal three dimensional image will now be described with reference with Fig. 2. This step is accomplished by a printing for a certain time duration instead by a printing under momentary exposure. According to the present invention, many sheets of identical three dimensional photographs are obtained by the image reversion in operation of multi-printing and, accordingly, the original carrying thereon the reversed -three dimensional image obtained by said photographing operation is preferably a negative whether a monochromatic photograph or a color photograph is desired. Referring to Fig. 2, SL desig-nates a spot light serving as a light source for printing. An original Fo', carrying thereon an image projected as a laterally reversed image as shown by Fig. l is placed within a beam which is condensed and projected through a projector lens from said spot light and a lenticular screen M of the optical arrangement , vJ~' 10~ 065 `:
,, similar to the lenticular screen Mo as shown by Fig. 1 is located above said original Fol. Closely under this lenticular screen M, there is inserted fresh sensitive material F on which a normal three dimensional image will be printed. It is clear''that the '',; device of Fig. 2 including the fresh sensitive material F must ;~ be placed in perfect darkness or a situation in which said fresh ....
sensitive material F is not sensitized. With the device of the , arrangement as above mentioned, the reversed three dimensional ,, image may be'easily converted into the corresponding normal "
'~' 10 three dimensional image to be three dimensionally viewed and printed by moving relatively the original Fol and the fresh ','' sensitive material F with the spot light SL being lit trans-7'~ versely of the strips defined by the boundary lines of the semi-,, . ,:
cylindrical lenticular elements which constit~te the lenticular screen M. This aspect will be described further in detail. ,;' When the condensed beam coming from the spot light SL is directed to the lenticular screen M, the light rays passing through the individual lenticular elements of said lenticular screen M ~,, ~, converge on a line extending in parallel to said strips for each ,' ' 20 lenticular element. Each beam thus converging in a straight '' line is incident through the original Fol upon the fresh sensa- ' ~, tive material F placed immediately under said straight line and ' sensitization occurs there in accordance with the projected image of said original Fo'. Such a sensitization is effected succes- ' sively by the respective straight lines in which the respective beams converge as the original Fol and the fresh sensitive ',' ,~ material F undergo relative movement, until a desired photograph is obtained. The manner in which the projected image on the original Fo~ in the form of a reversed three dimensional image is converted into the corresponding normal three dimensional image will be apparant from the following description as given again with respect to the projected images of the respectiVe sur-; ~:
i, ~ 106~1)65 faces of the objects Ao, Bo and CO which are formed on the sensitive material F as shown by Fig. 1. On the original Fo', ~i with respect to each lenticular element, there are arranged from the left to the right the images in the order of the right image C'+, the middle image C' and the le~t image C'- of the object COI the right image B'+, the middle image B' and the left image B'- of the object Bo, the right image A'+, the middle -image A' and the left image A'- of the object Ao. Now it is assumed, for better understanding, that the sensitization of the fresh sensitive material F with respect to these images is effected for each object in three steps corresponding to three images, namely, the middle image, the left image and the right image of each object. At the first step of sensitization as shown by Fig. 2~I), three beams projected from the spot light SL in the form of straight lines serve to effect sénsitization of ~, the left images C'-, B'- and A'- on the fresh sensitive material F, converting the negative into the corresponding positive. Then ~ the original Fol and the fresh sensitive material F undergo i~ relative movement to the relative position as shown by Fig. 2(II) and beams are projected again from the spot light SL in three straight lines so that three images of the middle images C', B' and A' are printed on the fresh sensitive material F. Following i this second step of sensitization as shown by Fig. 2(II), the original Fol and the fresh sensitive material F undergo relative movement to the relative position of the third step as shown by Fig. 2(III) where the right images C'~, B'+ and A'+are printed on the fresh sensitive material F by beam projection as at the previous steps. After the process comprising the first step to the third step has been accomplished, the fresh sensitive
thus these apparatuses can not be used for photographing of a ~ ~' moving object to be photographed, and particularly for momentary photographing under Strobo light as well as under flash light of ~ ' which the emission period is shorter than the period for which the movement of the respective members as mentioned above.
These disadvantages are effectively avoided, according to the present invention, by an improvement such that the desired three dimensional photograph is obtained independently of the manner of photographing such as those under the Strobo discharge light and the flash light from the flash bulb used as the illum-, ''-inating light for photographing, and even when a photographic object is moving.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a method ' and apparatus by which the desired three dimensional photograph of directly visual type is obtained independently of the photo-graphing requirements. The present invention also provides a camera mechanism to obtain said three dimensional photograph of directly visual type simplified such that anybody may take the ' three dimensional photograph of directly visual type with the camera at low cost and thus popularization of the three dimen- , sional photograph ~of directly visual type is achieved. The present invention also provides a method and the apparatus by which the image obtained by said camera mechanism at low cost may be reproduced as many times as desired.
The method according to the present invention does not involve the concept of the exposure of many times for the same object to be photographed being essential to obtain a three dimensional photograph of directly visual type and provides such a three dimensional photograph through a single exposure since this method enables photographing under the Strobo discharge light or the flash bulb light as well as momentarily photographing of even a moving object to be photographed. The'sensitizing image ~: obtained by said single exposure is formed as a reversed three .
i,, dimensional image, according to the present invention, and said ,, .
;, reversed three dimensional image is converted into the corres-, ponding normal three dimensional image in the process of making a print from a sensitized original which carries thereon said reversed three dimensional image. A critical feature of the ,~
present invention lies in this conversion from the reversed three dimensional image into the normal three dimensional image. One of problems encountered in the attempt to obtain a three dimen-sional photograph of directly visual type is how to project not a reversed three dimensional image but a normal three dimensional image on the sensitive material and various efforts have already '~
been made to solve this problem. The well known method of multi-exposure type is also one of the measures to solve said problem and the propositions as disclosed by the aforesaid patent publications by which the desired three dimensional photograph is obtained through a single exposure, also are the measures to solve said problem. With such a method of multi-exposure type, however, a troublesome operation such that successive photo-graphings with different viewing angles must be carried out for an object ,to be photographed, using one and same sensitive material, or successive photos must be done with the object itself being rotated around its own axis can not be avoided although the camera mechanism requires no special moving member included therein and the desired effect is obtained by placing a lenticular screen in front of the sensitive surface. To avoid said troublesome operation and thereby to obtain the desired photograph by a single exposure, it is necessary to use an , objective of large aperture and to effect synchronous movements of the respective members included in the camera mechanism itself over predetermined distances. However, this would result in an expensive camera, the cost of which could be too high to 106;~065 ., :......... . .
.. ..
`:: be generally used and it would be not easy for the user to carry , .r., the equipment parts and the material necessary for photographing - -~, wit;h him or her. The photo~raphic camera according to the present invention for effecting the method according to t~e .G:, :
present invention is arranged presupposing that a reversed three dimensional image is intentionally obtained on the sensitive material, so that it is not necessary to move the camera with ~- successively different viewing angles or to rotate the object .
itself around its own axis. Furthermore, the photographic .
camera according to the present invention is extremely advanta-geous also in that no special mechanism of which the members must be synchronously moved for predetermined distances, respectively, is required therein and the desired three dimensional photograph is obtained simply with the lenticular screen temporarily or permanently placed immediately in front of the sensitive material .
~~ in the conventional manner of photographing.
;. According to the present invention therefore there is . provided a method of taking a three dimensional photograph which .. comprises, an exposing step including producing a camera having .
an objective lens, a shutter and a first film of light sensitive material, a lenticular screen stationarily located immediately .;~ in front of said first film, and exposing said first film to ~ :.
light from an object image through said lenticular screen to form on said first film a reversed three dimensional image, a process-~;. ing step for developing said reversed image on said first film and fixing said developed image thereon, a sensitizing step including placing said developed first film adjacent a further lenticular screen identical to the lenticular screen in said camera, placing a second film of light sensitive material '. 30 adjacent to said developed first film on a side thereof remote from said further lenticular screen, exposing said second film : to a beam of light through said further screen and said developed ~A7 5 ~O~;~Of~5 .
first film, and moving said developed first film relative to said second film during the last mentioned exposure, and a developing step for developing a normal three dimensional image exposed on said second film and fixing said developed image thereon.
~- The present invention also provides an apparatus for ~, taking a three dimensional photograph comprising, a camera having i a shutter, an objective lens, means for retaining a first film ; of light sensitive material whereby said first film is exposed on opening said shutter to light from an image object passing 10 through said objective lens, and a lenticular screen stationarily placed immediately in front of said first film for passing light ; therethrough onto said first film to form a reversed three dimensional image thereon, a processing device including means : for developing said reversed image on said first film and fixing said developed image thereon, a sensitizing device including a further lenticular screen of the identical optical arrangement with said lenticular screen for holding said developed first film with one side thereof immediately adjacent one side of said further lenticular screen, means for holding a second film of light sensitive material immediately adjacent an opposite side ~ of said developed first film remote from said further lenticular ; screen, a light source adapted to project a beam of light through said further lenticular screen and said developed first film on said second film, and means to provide relative movement between said developed first film and said second film during passage of . said beam whereby to convert the reversed three dimensional image ` on said developed first film to a normal trivisional image on said second film, and a developing device for developing said normal three dimensional image exposed on said second film and fixing said developed image thereon.
The present invention will be described in more detail by way of the accompanying drawings in which, ,. ..
Fig. 1 partially shows a photographing optical system used in the method and the apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention, illustrating the manner in which a -~! reversed three dimensional image of an object to be photographed is projected by said optical system on a sensitive material;
Fig. 2 principally illustrates processes and a sensi- ~
tizing optical system serving to convert said reversed three -dimensional image into the corresponding normal three dimensional image in order to obtain a print used as a three dimensional . 10 photograph, using an original carrying thereon said reversed three dimensional image which has been obtained by the photo-graphing optical system as shown by Fig. l; and Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing by way of example ., . :
a lens system used in the apparatus of the present invention.
Rèferring to the drawings, Fig. 1 illustrates the mannér in which a picture appears when an object is photographed '; ":
by a photographic camera having a lenticular screen located ~- immediately in front of sensitive material. Referring to Fig. 1, X designates the position of the object to be photographed, Lo an objective, SO a shutter located behind said objective and adapted to be opened and closed transversely of the optical axis, ;; Mo the lenticular screen and Fo sensitive material. The objective Lo to be used for photographing is preferably the ;~ - objective as shown by Fig. 3, which is cut along planes extending in parallel to the main optical axis of said objective. Corres-."s~
pondingly, it is preferred that the shutter SO is adapted to be opened and closed transversely of the cutting planes of said objective Lo extending in parallel to each other and to form, as opened, a slit. In executing of the t /
~ -6A-i' ,. . .. . . .
, .
method according to the present invention, however, such a combin-ation of lens and shutter as mentioned just above is not critical.
It is well known that the lenticular screen Mo comprises a plural-ity of continuously arranged and assembled lens elements each having the shape of fine, vertically long semicylinder which has ~., a surface of circular arc in cross section and a uniform width as narrow as normally in order of 0.2mm to 5.0mm. Accordingly, the ~ boundary lines of adjacent lens elements corresponding to opposite r~ ends of each circular arc in cross section of the lenticular screen define a plurality of stripes extending in parallel to one another and transversely of the cutting planes of the objective as shown by Fig. 3, which extend, in turn, in parallel to each other. With such an optical system for sensitization, the light rays coming from an object to be photographed pass through, upon opening of the shutter, SO' the objective Lo to the lenticular ~; screen Mo and then pass through the latter to the sensitive material Fo. In this passage, the light rays are subjected to a refraction in said objective Lo and the lenticular screen Mo.
The manner of image formation will no~ be considered with respect to the portion of an object to be photograpned that lies between points P and Q in Figure 1. The light rays coming from the point P and being incident upon the objective Lo ,` are included within a beam ~1 covering the effective aperture of the objective Lo and the light rays coming from the point Q and . being incident upon the objective L are included within another i.
beam ~2~ f the light rays included within these beams, only the portion that passes through a particular lenticular element m2 of a plurality of lenticular elements ml, m2, m3 ...... serially ; arranged and assembled to form the image of said portion will be ' 30 considered. The light rays coming from the points P and Q, and centrally passing through the objective Lo, form the corresponding images at points P2 and Q2' respectively, on the sensitive surface 106~06S
, Fo. Such a mechanism of image formation is shown by solid lines for better understanding. Of the beam ~1 coming from the point P, the light rays which have been incident, not upon the lenticular element m2, but upon the lenticular element ml adjacent said lenticular element m2 are subjected to a refraction in passing through said element ml and then form the image of said point P at a point Pl on the sensitive material surface Fo while the light rays of the beam ~2 coming from the point Q which have been incident, not upon the lenticular element m2, but upon the lenticu- ~
; 1~ lar element m3 adjacent said lenticular element m2 are subjected - -to a refraction in passing through said element m3 and then form the image of said point Q at a point Q3 on the sensitive material surface Fo. Although it might be considered that all the light rays coming from the portion of the object to be photographed that lies between the points P and Q pass through only three lenticular elements consisting of the elements m1, m2 and m3, as shown by Fig. 1 in which each lenticular element is shown in a scale larger than it really is for convenience of illustration, these light rays coming from the portion of the object lying between the points P and Q really pass through, besides said three lenticular elements ml, m2 and m3, a plurality of successive lenticular elements arranged symmetrically of said lenticular element m2 to form the projected image of said portion including the projected images of said points P and Q in each element because each lenticu-lar element has, as previously mentioned, a width as small as in ... . ~ . . . . .
order of 2.0 mm to 5.0 mm. It is well known that the three dimensional photograph of the directly visual type is principall-r based on a plurality of projected images of the points P and Q
formed by such a plurality of lenticular elements. However, the projected image thus formed in every lenticular element is a reversed image which cannot be directly a desired three dimensional image. Now a condition of the image formed in each lenticular 106~06S
element will be considered again with respect only to the particular lenticular element m2. Images of surfaces B, B- and B+ of a three dimensional object Bo to be photographed which lies between the points P and Q are formed in the order of B'+, B' and B'- on the sensitive material surface Fo. Thus, the image of the surface B+ is formed near the image point Q2 and the image of the surface B- is formed near the image point P2. Such an image formation arrangement is true also with respect to an object Ao lying between a point L and the point P, of which the image is formed in the adjacent lenticular element ml and with respect to an object CO lying between the point Q and point R, of which the . . .
image is formed in the oppositely adjacent lenticular element m3.
From the fact that this image formation arrangement corresponds to the arrangement of surfaces of the object itself to be photo-graphed, it might be incorrectly considered as if the projected -image as mentioned above is three dimensionally viewed. When the projected image is viewed through the lenticular screen comprising a plurality of lenticular elements each having a semicylindrical configuration, however, the image can be never viewed as a three dimensional image. Namely, when viewed through such a lenticular screen, the left side surface B- of the object Bo to be photo-graphed is formed as a left image B'- and the right side surface ~.
B+ of said object Bo is formed as a right image B'~ so that the :-left image B'- is opposite through the semicylindric lenticular lenses to the right eye and the right image B'+ is similarly opposite to the left eye of a person who directly views the pro-jected images. Thus, the right eye views an enlarged image corresponding to the left image B'- and the left eye views an enlarged image corresponding to the right image B'+, respectively, ,. . .
through the lenticular screen. This relationship is true also with respect to the objects Ao and CO so that the image obtained by the operation of photographing as previously mentioned on the _ g _ "~' 10~065 sensitive material surface F is reversed three dimensional image.
According to the present invention, such a reversed -~
three dimensional image is intentionally obtained in photographing ;, so 1:hat using an original carrying thereon said reversed three ;
:: .
dimensional image as a picture, said reversed three dimensional ; image is converted in printing into the corresponding normal three dimensional image so as to be three dimensionally viewed.
The method and the apparatus ~or taking a three dimensional fi, photograph according to the present invention include, therefore, photographing means to obtain the reversed three dimenslonal image, and method and/or device to convert said reversed three dimensional image obtained by said photographing means, using the ' original carrying thereof said reversed three dimensional image, i into the corresponding normal three dimensional image in printing operation.
The step at which said reversed three dimensional image obtained by said photographing operation is converted into the corresponding normal three dimensional image will now be described with reference with Fig. 2. This step is accomplished by a printing for a certain time duration instead by a printing under momentary exposure. According to the present invention, many sheets of identical three dimensional photographs are obtained by the image reversion in operation of multi-printing and, accordingly, the original carrying thereon the reversed -three dimensional image obtained by said photographing operation is preferably a negative whether a monochromatic photograph or a color photograph is desired. Referring to Fig. 2, SL desig-nates a spot light serving as a light source for printing. An original Fo', carrying thereon an image projected as a laterally reversed image as shown by Fig. l is placed within a beam which is condensed and projected through a projector lens from said spot light and a lenticular screen M of the optical arrangement , vJ~' 10~ 065 `:
,, similar to the lenticular screen Mo as shown by Fig. 1 is located above said original Fol. Closely under this lenticular screen M, there is inserted fresh sensitive material F on which a normal three dimensional image will be printed. It is clear''that the '',; device of Fig. 2 including the fresh sensitive material F must ;~ be placed in perfect darkness or a situation in which said fresh ....
sensitive material F is not sensitized. With the device of the , arrangement as above mentioned, the reversed three dimensional ,, image may be'easily converted into the corresponding normal "
'~' 10 three dimensional image to be three dimensionally viewed and printed by moving relatively the original Fol and the fresh ','' sensitive material F with the spot light SL being lit trans-7'~ versely of the strips defined by the boundary lines of the semi-,, . ,:
cylindrical lenticular elements which constit~te the lenticular screen M. This aspect will be described further in detail. ,;' When the condensed beam coming from the spot light SL is directed to the lenticular screen M, the light rays passing through the individual lenticular elements of said lenticular screen M ~,, ~, converge on a line extending in parallel to said strips for each ,' ' 20 lenticular element. Each beam thus converging in a straight '' line is incident through the original Fol upon the fresh sensa- ' ~, tive material F placed immediately under said straight line and ' sensitization occurs there in accordance with the projected image of said original Fo'. Such a sensitization is effected succes- ' sively by the respective straight lines in which the respective beams converge as the original Fol and the fresh sensitive ',' ,~ material F undergo relative movement, until a desired photograph is obtained. The manner in which the projected image on the original Fo~ in the form of a reversed three dimensional image is converted into the corresponding normal three dimensional image will be apparant from the following description as given again with respect to the projected images of the respectiVe sur-; ~:
i, ~ 106~1)65 faces of the objects Ao, Bo and CO which are formed on the sensitive material F as shown by Fig. 1. On the original Fo', ~i with respect to each lenticular element, there are arranged from the left to the right the images in the order of the right image C'+, the middle image C' and the le~t image C'- of the object COI the right image B'+, the middle image B' and the left image B'- of the object Bo, the right image A'+, the middle -image A' and the left image A'- of the object Ao. Now it is assumed, for better understanding, that the sensitization of the fresh sensitive material F with respect to these images is effected for each object in three steps corresponding to three images, namely, the middle image, the left image and the right image of each object. At the first step of sensitization as shown by Fig. 2~I), three beams projected from the spot light SL in the form of straight lines serve to effect sénsitization of ~, the left images C'-, B'- and A'- on the fresh sensitive material F, converting the negative into the corresponding positive. Then ~ the original Fol and the fresh sensitive material F undergo i~ relative movement to the relative position as shown by Fig. 2(II) and beams are projected again from the spot light SL in three straight lines so that three images of the middle images C', B' and A' are printed on the fresh sensitive material F. Following i this second step of sensitization as shown by Fig. 2(II), the original Fol and the fresh sensitive material F undergo relative movement to the relative position of the third step as shown by Fig. 2(III) where the right images C'~, B'+ and A'+are printed on the fresh sensitive material F by beam projection as at the previous steps. After the process comprising the first step to the third step has been accomplished, the fresh sensitive
3~ material F obtains, successively from the left hand, the left image C'-, the middle image C' and the right image C'+ of the object CO' the left image B'-, the middle image B' and the right image , . . . ~
.~.~
r~
106;~06S
B'+ of the object B and the left image A'-, the middle image A' :.; and the right image A'+ of the object A printed thereon with ,~ the relative position relationship of the object as a whole in lateral direction being maintained. As a photograph after develop-ed, the photograph is obtained in which the reversed three dimensional image has been reversed to the corresponding normal ' stereoscopic image adapted to be three dimensionally viewed.
'f~ '-'' ' '''' - 'lhe foregoing description has ~een made for s;mplifi~
,'i cation .of illustration and expeditious understanding. ~here -are -really present numerous reversed three dimensional images, namely, . :
one of such images for every lenticular element, on the sensitive :
material Fo so that the printing is actually effected by a contin-uous relative movement of the original Fo' and the fresh material ~.
F at a uniform velocity and thereby every reversed image in each i lenticular element is reversed or converted into the correspond-I ing normal three dimensional image, instead by said stepwise process. Although the relative movement of the original Fo' and the fresh sensitive material F has been described as the relative .
movement of these components in mutually opposite directions , 20` which is the most preferable form for best understanding, the ~ -! original Fo~ may be moved synchronously with the lenticularscreen M in the same direction as the latter at a velocity twice as high as the lenticular screen M with the fresh sensitive material F being fixed or the fresh sensitive material F may be moved synchronously with the lenticular screen M in the same direction as the latter at a velocity twice as high as the lenti- `~
cular screen M with the original Fo' being fixed.
As another method for reversion and printing, the fresh sensitive material F to be sensitized may be moved and synchron-ously the spot light SL serving as a light source may be moved linearly or in a circular arc with the original Fol carrying 106Z(~65 ~,".
,~ thereon a reversed three dimensional image being fixed so that each beam projected on the original Fol in parallel to the ,';' strips defined by the boundary lines of lenticular elements is moved in the direction opposite to the direction in which the spot light is moved and the movement of said fresh sensitive ~,, material relative thereto effects conversion of said reversed three dimensional image into the corresponding normal three ~' dimensional image and printing thereof. This means that, instead of moving the spot light SL in circular arc, three components ~, 10 of the lenticular screen M, the original Fol and the fresh ~' sensitive material F may be inclined around an axis correspond-i,' ing to the centre of said circular arc so that the beams pro-jected on the original Fo' in straight lines be moved from one "~', end to another end of each lenticular element and synchronously ', " .
`i the fresh sensitive material F be moved in the direction opposite `'-~' to the direction in which each beam projected in a straight line is moved. Furthermore with respect to the direction in which the ~ beams projected in straight lines for sensitization and the ;' movement of the fresh sensitive material F in the direction , 20 opposite thereto, every measure which enables such a relative ,~
,; movement of these components in the opposite directions may be - employed as the case demands and a measure by which, with the ' original Fo' being fixed, the fresh sensitive material F is , moved relative to movement of the lenticular screen M and a ,i,: , ', relative movement between the beams projected in straight lines '' "' and the fresh sensitive material in opposite directions in order , i,:, . . .
~, to effect the desiredi,printing.
' Although the'spot light SL is used as the light ~i~
, source in the arrangement as shown since it is convenient for ,, 30 operation in a dark room there may be more preferably provided a '' light source adapted to be projected through the lenticular ' screen M and to provide parallel beams transversely of said 106'~065 . . .
lenticular screen M.
It will thus be seen from the above, that the present invention provides a simple photographic camera comprising a ~ sensitive material and a lenticular screen located immediately in ; front of said sensitive material, by which a reversed three ~
dimensional image is obtained by an operation similar to that for ~ -normal photography. In such photography, the desired photograph may be taken by a single exposure and at any high shutter speed.
' Thus not only three dimensional photography of a moving object ~- 10 but also photography using a flash light is possible. Thus the ; photographing synchronous with flash light and the photographing ,:', , ':
u of a moving object are now included in the objects to be three dimensionally photographed. Besides the functional enlargement of three dimensional photographing as mentioned above, the present invention provides the photographic camera itself well `
simplified at a low cost, promoting a popularization of the three .
dimensional photograph and facilitating it to obtain a plurality of same prints by repeating a treatment in dark room from an original which was obtained by a single photographing. Further-.
more, the present invention requires neither a scanning mechanism i for image conversion in the camera itself nor a mechanism serving to effect a synchronous operation of the slit above the sensitive material surface and the sensitive material itself, so that the image conversion during the treatment in the dark room is far easier with respect to the versatility in design of the dark room equipment compared to the inventions concerning these ! aspects as previously identified and a same dark room equipment ,~ meets VarioUs demands of the user, providing a three dimensional photograph at a low cost, .
.....
.~.~
r~
106;~06S
B'+ of the object B and the left image A'-, the middle image A' :.; and the right image A'+ of the object A printed thereon with ,~ the relative position relationship of the object as a whole in lateral direction being maintained. As a photograph after develop-ed, the photograph is obtained in which the reversed three dimensional image has been reversed to the corresponding normal ' stereoscopic image adapted to be three dimensionally viewed.
'f~ '-'' ' '''' - 'lhe foregoing description has ~een made for s;mplifi~
,'i cation .of illustration and expeditious understanding. ~here -are -really present numerous reversed three dimensional images, namely, . :
one of such images for every lenticular element, on the sensitive :
material Fo so that the printing is actually effected by a contin-uous relative movement of the original Fo' and the fresh material ~.
F at a uniform velocity and thereby every reversed image in each i lenticular element is reversed or converted into the correspond-I ing normal three dimensional image, instead by said stepwise process. Although the relative movement of the original Fo' and the fresh sensitive material F has been described as the relative .
movement of these components in mutually opposite directions , 20` which is the most preferable form for best understanding, the ~ -! original Fo~ may be moved synchronously with the lenticularscreen M in the same direction as the latter at a velocity twice as high as the lenticular screen M with the fresh sensitive material F being fixed or the fresh sensitive material F may be moved synchronously with the lenticular screen M in the same direction as the latter at a velocity twice as high as the lenti- `~
cular screen M with the original Fo' being fixed.
As another method for reversion and printing, the fresh sensitive material F to be sensitized may be moved and synchron-ously the spot light SL serving as a light source may be moved linearly or in a circular arc with the original Fol carrying 106Z(~65 ~,".
,~ thereon a reversed three dimensional image being fixed so that each beam projected on the original Fol in parallel to the ,';' strips defined by the boundary lines of lenticular elements is moved in the direction opposite to the direction in which the spot light is moved and the movement of said fresh sensitive ~,, material relative thereto effects conversion of said reversed three dimensional image into the corresponding normal three ~' dimensional image and printing thereof. This means that, instead of moving the spot light SL in circular arc, three components ~, 10 of the lenticular screen M, the original Fol and the fresh ~' sensitive material F may be inclined around an axis correspond-i,' ing to the centre of said circular arc so that the beams pro-jected on the original Fo' in straight lines be moved from one "~', end to another end of each lenticular element and synchronously ', " .
`i the fresh sensitive material F be moved in the direction opposite `'-~' to the direction in which each beam projected in a straight line is moved. Furthermore with respect to the direction in which the ~ beams projected in straight lines for sensitization and the ;' movement of the fresh sensitive material F in the direction , 20 opposite thereto, every measure which enables such a relative ,~
,; movement of these components in the opposite directions may be - employed as the case demands and a measure by which, with the ' original Fo' being fixed, the fresh sensitive material F is , moved relative to movement of the lenticular screen M and a ,i,: , ', relative movement between the beams projected in straight lines '' "' and the fresh sensitive material in opposite directions in order , i,:, . . .
~, to effect the desiredi,printing.
' Although the'spot light SL is used as the light ~i~
, source in the arrangement as shown since it is convenient for ,, 30 operation in a dark room there may be more preferably provided a '' light source adapted to be projected through the lenticular ' screen M and to provide parallel beams transversely of said 106'~065 . . .
lenticular screen M.
It will thus be seen from the above, that the present invention provides a simple photographic camera comprising a ~ sensitive material and a lenticular screen located immediately in ; front of said sensitive material, by which a reversed three ~
dimensional image is obtained by an operation similar to that for ~ -normal photography. In such photography, the desired photograph may be taken by a single exposure and at any high shutter speed.
' Thus not only three dimensional photography of a moving object ~- 10 but also photography using a flash light is possible. Thus the ; photographing synchronous with flash light and the photographing ,:', , ':
u of a moving object are now included in the objects to be three dimensionally photographed. Besides the functional enlargement of three dimensional photographing as mentioned above, the present invention provides the photographic camera itself well `
simplified at a low cost, promoting a popularization of the three .
dimensional photograph and facilitating it to obtain a plurality of same prints by repeating a treatment in dark room from an original which was obtained by a single photographing. Further-.
more, the present invention requires neither a scanning mechanism i for image conversion in the camera itself nor a mechanism serving to effect a synchronous operation of the slit above the sensitive material surface and the sensitive material itself, so that the image conversion during the treatment in the dark room is far easier with respect to the versatility in design of the dark room equipment compared to the inventions concerning these ! aspects as previously identified and a same dark room equipment ,~ meets VarioUs demands of the user, providing a three dimensional photograph at a low cost, .
.....
Claims (15)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of taking a three dimensional photograph which comprises an exposing step including providing a camera having an objective lens, a shutter and a first film of light sensitive material, a lenticular screen stationarily located immediately in front of said first film, and exposing said first film to light from an object image through said lenticular screen to form on said first film a reversed three dimensional image, a processing step for developing said reversed image on said first film and fixing said developed image thereon, a sensitizing step including placing said developed first film adjacent a further lenticular screen identical to the lenticular screen in said camera, placing a second film of light sensitive material adja-cent to said developed first film on a side thereof remote from said further lenticular screen, exposing said second film to a beam of light through said further screen and said developed first film, and moving said developed first film relative to said second film during the last mentioned exposure, and a developing step for developing a normal three dimensional image exposed on said second film and fixing said developed image thereon.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 in which in said sensitizing step the further lenticular screen is maintained stationary and said developed first film and said second film are moved in mutually opposite directions.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 in which in said sensitizing step said developed first film and said further lenti-cular screen are moved synchronously in the same direction, said screen being moved at half the velocity of said developed first film with said second film being maintained stationary.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1 in which in said sensitizing step the developed first film is maintained stationary and said further lenticular screen and the second film are moved synchronously in the same direction, the lenticular screen being moved at twice the velocity of the second film.
5. A method as claimed in claim 1 in which in said sensitizing step the beam of light is passed from a spot light through said further lenticular screen, said second film being moved synchronously with the spot light and said developed first film being maintained stationary.
6. A method as claimed in claim 5 in which the spot light is moved in a circular arcuate path.
7. A method as claimed in claim 6 in which the further lenticular screen, developed first film and second film are inclined around an axis corresponding to the center of the arcu-ate path.
8. An apparatus for taking a three dimensional photo-graph comprising, a camera having a shutter, an objective lens, means for retaining a first film of light sensitive material whereby said first film is exposed on opening said shutter to light from an image object passing through said objective lens, and a lenticular screen stationarily placed immediately in front of said first film for passing light therethrough onto said first film to form a reversed three dimensional image thereon, a pro-cessing device including means for developing said reversed image on said first film and fixing said developed image thereon, a sensitizing device including a further lenticular screen of the identical optical arrangement with said lenticular screen for holding said developed first film with one side thereof immedi-ately adjacent one side of said further lenticular screen, means for holding a second film of light sensitive material immediately adjacent an opposite side of said developed first film remote from said further lenticular screen, a light source adapted to project a beam of light through said further lenticular screen and said developed first film on said second film, and means to provide relative movement between said developed first film and said second film during passage of said beam whereby to convert the reversed three dimensional image on said developed first film to a normal trivisional image on said second film, and a develop-ing device for developing said normal three dimensional image exposed on said second film and fixing said developed image thereon.
9. An apparatus as claimed in claim 8 in which the objective lens, as a compound lens, comprises a pair of convex lenses on either side of a concave lens, said objective lens being traversed along planes extending in parallel to the main optical axis of the objective lens.
10, An apparatus as claimed in claim 9 in which the shutter is adapted to be opened and closed transversely of the traversed planes of the objective lens extending in parallel to each other and to form a slit when opened.
11. An apparatus as claimed in claim 8, 9 or 10 in which each lenticular screen comprises a plurality of continuously arranged and assembled lens elements, each having the shape of a narrow, vertically long semi-cylinder which has the surface of a circular arc in cross-section and a uniform width of 0.2 to 5.0 mm.
12. An apparatus as claimed in claim 8, 9 or 10 in which the further lenticular screen is adapted to be maintained stationary and said developed first film and second film are adapted to be moved in mutually opposite directions.
13. An apparatus as claimed in claim 8, 9 or 10 in which the developed first film and further lenticular screen are adapted to be moved synchronously in the same direction, said lenticular screen is adapted to be moved at half the speed of the developed first film, and said second film is adapted to be maintained stationary.
14. An apparatus as claimed in claim 8, 9 or 10 in which the developed first film is adapted to be maintained stationary, and the further lenticular screen and the second film are adapted to be moved synchronously in the same direction, said further lenticular screen being adapted to be moved at half the speed of the second film.
15. An apparatus as claimed in claim 8, 9 or 10 in which the light source is adapted to be moved synchronously with said second film, and said developed first film is adapted to be maintained stationary.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3764475A JPS5854375B2 (en) | 1975-03-28 | 1975-03-28 | Ritsutaishiyashinsatsueihouhou Oyobi Sonosouchi |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1062065A true CA1062065A (en) | 1979-09-11 |
Family
ID=12503347
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA248,965A Expired CA1062065A (en) | 1975-03-28 | 1976-03-26 | Three dimensional photography using lenticulus screens |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5854375B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU505438B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1062065A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2520518A1 (en) * | 1982-01-22 | 1983-07-29 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | OPTICAL APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR INSTANTLY RECORDING OR VISUALIZING ENLARGED AND STEREOSCOPIC IMAGES OF OBJECTS |
| US4800407A (en) * | 1988-02-01 | 1989-01-24 | Wah Lo Allen K | Total focus 3-D camera and 3-D image structure |
-
1975
- 1975-03-28 JP JP3764475A patent/JPS5854375B2/en not_active Expired
-
1976
- 1976-03-22 AU AU12220/76A patent/AU505438B2/en not_active Expired
- 1976-03-26 CA CA248,965A patent/CA1062065A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5854375B2 (en) | 1983-12-05 |
| AU505438B2 (en) | 1979-11-22 |
| AU1222076A (en) | 1977-09-29 |
| JPS51142326A (en) | 1976-12-07 |
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