CA1058378A - Methods of adding reactive metals - Google Patents
Methods of adding reactive metalsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1058378A CA1058378A CA229,837A CA229837A CA1058378A CA 1058378 A CA1058378 A CA 1058378A CA 229837 A CA229837 A CA 229837A CA 1058378 A CA1058378 A CA 1058378A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- reactive metal
- metal
- mold
- molten
- reactive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000946 Y alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 229910000858 La alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018250 LaSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 lanthanum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/20—Measures not previously mentioned for influencing the grain structure or texture; Selection of compositions therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/12—Appurtenances, e.g. for sintering, for preventing splashing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A method is provided for adding reactive metals to a molten metal bath by forming said reactive metal into an elongated member, suspending said member generally lengthwise vertically of a mold and pouring metal to be treated into said mold, to make said formed member an integral part of the molten metal as it rises in the mold and is cooled. This method will reduce oxide inclusions and reactive metal losses together with improvements in reactive metal distribution and the control of the alloying agents commonly associated with reactive metals.
A method is provided for adding reactive metals to a molten metal bath by forming said reactive metal into an elongated member, suspending said member generally lengthwise vertically of a mold and pouring metal to be treated into said mold, to make said formed member an integral part of the molten metal as it rises in the mold and is cooled. This method will reduce oxide inclusions and reactive metal losses together with improvements in reactive metal distribution and the control of the alloying agents commonly associated with reactive metals.
Description
los8378 This invention relates to improvement~ in methods of adding reactive metals.
This invention relates to methods of adding reactive metals to molten baths and particularly to a method of adding reactive metals to a molten metal ingot or casting such as an electrode for electroslag remelting (ESR), vacuum arc remelt- t ing, plasma arc remelting, electron beam remelting or similar remelting techniques.
The problems which are common to present day methods 10of adding reactive metals to molten baths are well known and long recognized. It is well known that large proportions of added reactive metals are lost in normal practice by contact with refractory linings, with slag and with air. It is also known that there is frequently a marked difference from one ingot to another in a series of ingots cast from melts to which a reactive metal has been added and that this is parti-cularly true from first to last ingot.
We have found a method of adding reactive metals, such as lanthanum, which eliminates these problems.
According to the invention there is provided a ~ -method of forming a remelting electrode containing reactive metal to be remelted subsequently which comprises forming the reactive metal into an elongated member having a length ~ .
substantially equal to the length of the remelting electrode, positioning the formed reactive metal in a mold having a height at least equal to the length of the remelting elec-trode; and pouring the molten metal to be treated around the formed reactive metal in the mold to form the remelting electrode.
~' .
q~ ' r~ ,O -- 1 --, .: : . ~ : :
Preferably, we provide an elongated member containing the reactive metal extending vertically generally from top to bottom of a mold and proportioned to feed the metal uniformly into the mold as the mold is filled with molten metal to be treated. Preferably, we suspend a tube filled with the reactive metal or an alloy thereof axial of the mold so that as the metal rises in the mold, the tube melts off in the molten metal re-leasing the reactive metal into the molten mass.
In some instances it may be desirable to encapsulate the reactive metal in the cast electrode as an integral but distinct core so that it is released during subsequent remelting of the electrode rather than during casting of the electrode as just described. In such event, we provide a tube or member e.g.
' . , :.
, ~058378 t of thick walled construction, such that the member is not dis-tributed into the molten metal but is encapsulated as the metal cools as an elongated core and is then subsequently melted during the remelting operation. Prior to filling the mold with molten alloy we have found it to be good practice to purge the mold with an inert gas such as argon.
In the foregoing general description, we have outlined certain objects, purposes and advantages of this invention. Other objects, purposes and advantages will be apparent from a considera-tion of the following description and the accompanying drawings in which:
FIGURE 1 is a vertical section through an apparatus for practicing this invention, and FIGURE 2 is a section on the line II-II of Figure 1.
Referring to the drawings, we have illustrated an ESR
electrode mold 10 on a stool 11, both of conventional form. A
tube 12 filled with LaSi 13 (or other reactive metal or alloy) is suspended by a chain 14 from the bottom of a tundish 15 into which molten metal is poured and delivered through nozzle 16 into mold 10. The mold 10 is purged with inert gas. As the molten metal 17 rises in mold 10, the tube 12 is melted off and the reactive metal is dissolved into the metal.
It is, of course, obvious that the a~ial member need not be a tube filled with reactive metal but may be an elongated formed member of the reactive metal in a compatible matrix.
The tube 12 may be restricted along its length so as to compartment the reactive metal and prevent its flowing out of the end when the end is melted off as pouring beings. This restriction may be accomplished by pinching, crimping or otherwise constricting or compartmenting the tube at spaced intervals along its length.
This restriction will also provide, in effect, successive metered charges of reactive metal as the molten metal to be treated rises _ 3 ;,. . .
. - , ,: . . . .. . .
in the mold.
Inherent in this invention are a number of advantages not available in present methods. These are: A) the lanthanum or other reactive metal addition is distributed uniformly from top to bottom of the cast electrode, B3 there is no loss of the reactive metal by reaction with refractories such as those found in ladles, furnaces, or tundishes because the molds are not lined with ceramic and solidification at the mold metal interface is almost instantaneous, C) because slag is not present, with the reactive metal, there is no loss of the addition via slag addition interaction, D) reaction of the reactive metal with air is minimal because the addition melts after it is submerged in molten alloy and because the mold represents a near closed system from which air can be purged by argon or other inert gas, E) because losses due to reactions with air and refractory is minimal the amount of undesirable oxide inclusions in the electrode are minimal, F) because reactive metal recovery is high, less of it need be added and therefore costs are reduced especially when the more expensive elements such as yttrium or lanthanum are added, G) because less of the reactive metal need be added, less of the alloying agents such as Fe, Ni, Cr, Si, Al, etc. often commonly associated with reactive elements are added to the system resulting in easier control of these elements.
In the foregoing specification, applicant has described certain preferred practices of the invention, however, it will be understood that this invention may be otherwise embodied within the scope of the following claims. -~
This invention relates to methods of adding reactive metals to molten baths and particularly to a method of adding reactive metals to a molten metal ingot or casting such as an electrode for electroslag remelting (ESR), vacuum arc remelt- t ing, plasma arc remelting, electron beam remelting or similar remelting techniques.
The problems which are common to present day methods 10of adding reactive metals to molten baths are well known and long recognized. It is well known that large proportions of added reactive metals are lost in normal practice by contact with refractory linings, with slag and with air. It is also known that there is frequently a marked difference from one ingot to another in a series of ingots cast from melts to which a reactive metal has been added and that this is parti-cularly true from first to last ingot.
We have found a method of adding reactive metals, such as lanthanum, which eliminates these problems.
According to the invention there is provided a ~ -method of forming a remelting electrode containing reactive metal to be remelted subsequently which comprises forming the reactive metal into an elongated member having a length ~ .
substantially equal to the length of the remelting electrode, positioning the formed reactive metal in a mold having a height at least equal to the length of the remelting elec-trode; and pouring the molten metal to be treated around the formed reactive metal in the mold to form the remelting electrode.
~' .
q~ ' r~ ,O -- 1 --, .: : . ~ : :
Preferably, we provide an elongated member containing the reactive metal extending vertically generally from top to bottom of a mold and proportioned to feed the metal uniformly into the mold as the mold is filled with molten metal to be treated. Preferably, we suspend a tube filled with the reactive metal or an alloy thereof axial of the mold so that as the metal rises in the mold, the tube melts off in the molten metal re-leasing the reactive metal into the molten mass.
In some instances it may be desirable to encapsulate the reactive metal in the cast electrode as an integral but distinct core so that it is released during subsequent remelting of the electrode rather than during casting of the electrode as just described. In such event, we provide a tube or member e.g.
' . , :.
, ~058378 t of thick walled construction, such that the member is not dis-tributed into the molten metal but is encapsulated as the metal cools as an elongated core and is then subsequently melted during the remelting operation. Prior to filling the mold with molten alloy we have found it to be good practice to purge the mold with an inert gas such as argon.
In the foregoing general description, we have outlined certain objects, purposes and advantages of this invention. Other objects, purposes and advantages will be apparent from a considera-tion of the following description and the accompanying drawings in which:
FIGURE 1 is a vertical section through an apparatus for practicing this invention, and FIGURE 2 is a section on the line II-II of Figure 1.
Referring to the drawings, we have illustrated an ESR
electrode mold 10 on a stool 11, both of conventional form. A
tube 12 filled with LaSi 13 (or other reactive metal or alloy) is suspended by a chain 14 from the bottom of a tundish 15 into which molten metal is poured and delivered through nozzle 16 into mold 10. The mold 10 is purged with inert gas. As the molten metal 17 rises in mold 10, the tube 12 is melted off and the reactive metal is dissolved into the metal.
It is, of course, obvious that the a~ial member need not be a tube filled with reactive metal but may be an elongated formed member of the reactive metal in a compatible matrix.
The tube 12 may be restricted along its length so as to compartment the reactive metal and prevent its flowing out of the end when the end is melted off as pouring beings. This restriction may be accomplished by pinching, crimping or otherwise constricting or compartmenting the tube at spaced intervals along its length.
This restriction will also provide, in effect, successive metered charges of reactive metal as the molten metal to be treated rises _ 3 ;,. . .
. - , ,: . . . .. . .
in the mold.
Inherent in this invention are a number of advantages not available in present methods. These are: A) the lanthanum or other reactive metal addition is distributed uniformly from top to bottom of the cast electrode, B3 there is no loss of the reactive metal by reaction with refractories such as those found in ladles, furnaces, or tundishes because the molds are not lined with ceramic and solidification at the mold metal interface is almost instantaneous, C) because slag is not present, with the reactive metal, there is no loss of the addition via slag addition interaction, D) reaction of the reactive metal with air is minimal because the addition melts after it is submerged in molten alloy and because the mold represents a near closed system from which air can be purged by argon or other inert gas, E) because losses due to reactions with air and refractory is minimal the amount of undesirable oxide inclusions in the electrode are minimal, F) because reactive metal recovery is high, less of it need be added and therefore costs are reduced especially when the more expensive elements such as yttrium or lanthanum are added, G) because less of the reactive metal need be added, less of the alloying agents such as Fe, Ni, Cr, Si, Al, etc. often commonly associated with reactive elements are added to the system resulting in easier control of these elements.
In the foregoing specification, applicant has described certain preferred practices of the invention, however, it will be understood that this invention may be otherwise embodied within the scope of the following claims. -~
Claims (19)
1. The method of forming a remelting electrode containing reactive metal to be subsequently remelted comprising the steps of:
(a) forming said reactive metal to be added into an elongated member having a length substantially equal to the length of the remelting electrode;
(b) positioning said formed reactive metal in a mold having a height at least equal to the length of the remelting electrode; and (c) pouring the molten metal to be treated around said formed reactive metal in said mold, whereby said reactive metal becomes an integral part of the formed remelting electrode for subsequent remelting.
(a) forming said reactive metal to be added into an elongated member having a length substantially equal to the length of the remelting electrode;
(b) positioning said formed reactive metal in a mold having a height at least equal to the length of the remelting electrode; and (c) pouring the molten metal to be treated around said formed reactive metal in said mold, whereby said reactive metal becomes an integral part of the formed remelting electrode for subsequent remelting.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formed reactive metal is suspended in said mold.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the formed reactive metal is dissolved into the molten metal to be treated as said molten metal is poured into the mold.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the molten metal is solidified around the formed reactive metal leaving the reactive metal as an integral core.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the formed reactive metal is in the form of a tube filled with an alloy of said reactive metal.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the mold is purged with an inert gas prior to filling with molten alloy.
7. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the mold is purged with argon prior to filling with molten alloy.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the reactive metal is lanthanum or an alloy of lanthanum.
9. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the reactive metal is yttrium or an alloy of yttrium.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the reactive metal is formed into an elongated rod in a compatible matrix.
11. A method of forming a remelting electrode comprising a first metal and reactive metal to be remelted subsequently, said method comprising:
(a) forming said reactive metal into an elongated member having a length substantially equal to the length of the remelting electrode;
(b) positioning said formed reactive metal in a mold having a height at least equal to the height of the remelting electrode;
(c) pouring molten first metal into said mold around said formed reactive metal;
(d) solidifying said molten first metal in said mold around said formed reactive metal thereby to form said remelt-ing electrode.
(a) forming said reactive metal into an elongated member having a length substantially equal to the length of the remelting electrode;
(b) positioning said formed reactive metal in a mold having a height at least equal to the height of the remelting electrode;
(c) pouring molten first metal into said mold around said formed reactive metal;
(d) solidifying said molten first metal in said mold around said formed reactive metal thereby to form said remelt-ing electrode.
12. A method as in claim 11, wherein said formed reactive metal is positioned in said mold with its longitudinal axis substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the mold.
13. A method as in claim 12, wherein the longitudinal axis of the formed reactive metal is substantially coincident with the longitudinal axis of the mold.
14. A method as in claim 11, wherein during the perform-ance of step (c), portions of said formed reactive metal are dissolved in said molten first metal.
15. A method as in claim 11, wherein after completion of step (d), said reactive metal remains as an integral core of the remelting electrode.
16. A method as in claim 11, wherein, in performing step (a), said reactive metal is inserted into a tube.
17. A method as in claim 11, further comprising:
(e) prior to performing step (c), purging said mold with an inert gas.
(e) prior to performing step (c), purging said mold with an inert gas.
18. A method as in claim 11, wherein the reactive metal is selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, alloys of lanthanum, yttrium and alloys of yttrium.
19. A method as in claim 11, wherein, in performing step (a), said reactive metal is combined with a compatible matrix.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US482062A US3910341A (en) | 1974-06-24 | 1974-06-24 | Methods of adding reactive metals to form a remelting electrode |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1058378A true CA1058378A (en) | 1979-07-17 |
Family
ID=23914493
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA229,837A Expired CA1058378A (en) | 1974-06-24 | 1975-06-20 | Methods of adding reactive metals |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3910341A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5148723A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1058378A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2527953A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2276124A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1519783A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1036360B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE412711B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5130535A (en) * | 1974-09-09 | 1976-03-15 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | Gan y konoseizoho |
| JPS54141334A (en) * | 1978-04-26 | 1979-11-02 | Kawasaki Steel Co | Metal addition into molten metal in cast mold |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1703417A (en) * | 1929-02-26 | oxi hamilton | ||
| US1166167A (en) * | 1912-04-13 | 1915-12-28 | Leonard G Woods | Forming castings. |
| US1180248A (en) * | 1914-04-07 | 1916-04-18 | Otto H De Lapotterie | Process of producing compound metal bodies. |
| JPS4532100Y1 (en) * | 1967-08-09 | 1970-12-09 | ||
| BE795689A (en) * | 1972-03-06 | 1973-06-18 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | MANUFACTURE OF METAL ARTICLES |
-
1974
- 1974-06-24 US US482062A patent/US3910341A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1975
- 1975-06-20 CA CA229,837A patent/CA1058378A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-06-23 FR FR7519609A patent/FR2276124A1/en active Granted
- 1975-06-23 DE DE19752527953 patent/DE2527953A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1975-06-24 JP JP50078584A patent/JPS5148723A/ja active Pending
- 1975-06-24 GB GB26667/75A patent/GB1519783A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-06-24 IT IT68621/75A patent/IT1036360B/en active
- 1975-06-24 SE SE7507258A patent/SE412711B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2276124B1 (en) | 1981-09-18 |
| DE2527953A1 (en) | 1976-01-15 |
| SE412711B (en) | 1980-03-17 |
| IT1036360B (en) | 1979-10-30 |
| GB1519783A (en) | 1978-08-02 |
| SE7507258L (en) | 1975-12-29 |
| FR2276124A1 (en) | 1976-01-23 |
| US3910341A (en) | 1975-10-07 |
| JPS5148723A (en) | 1976-04-27 |
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