CA1054784A - Method for improving pipeline transmission characteristics of aqueous slurries of non-argillaceous minerals - Google Patents
Method for improving pipeline transmission characteristics of aqueous slurries of non-argillaceous mineralsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1054784A CA1054784A CA230,916A CA230916A CA1054784A CA 1054784 A CA1054784 A CA 1054784A CA 230916 A CA230916 A CA 230916A CA 1054784 A CA1054784 A CA 1054784A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- water
- slurries
- polymers
- weight
- transmission characteristics
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- RNIHAPSVIGPAFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide-acrylic acid resin Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C RNIHAPSVIGPAFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- ORGHESHFQPYLAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl radical Chemical class C=[CH] ORGHESHFQPYLAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003250 coal slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 diallyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002367 phosphate rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011970 polystyrene sulfonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
Abstract
HERBERT H. BECK
DONALD G. ROBINSON
METHOD FOR IMPROVING PIPELINE
TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF
AQUEOUS SLURRIES OF NON-ARGILLACEOUS
MINERALS
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Aqueous slurries of non-argillaceous minerals can be more efficiently transmitted through pipelines by adding directly to such slurries while they are being pumped through pipelines water-in-oil emulsions of water-soluble vinyl addition polymers.
DONALD G. ROBINSON
METHOD FOR IMPROVING PIPELINE
TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF
AQUEOUS SLURRIES OF NON-ARGILLACEOUS
MINERALS
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Aqueous slurries of non-argillaceous minerals can be more efficiently transmitted through pipelines by adding directly to such slurries while they are being pumped through pipelines water-in-oil emulsions of water-soluble vinyl addition polymers.
Description
~ 1054784 INTRODUCTION
A variety of non-argillaceous minerals are transported in the form of aqueous slurries through pipelines. Typical are aqueous slurries which contain coal, taconite feldspar and phosphate rock. The concentration of these slurries vary from as little as 5% by weight to as much as 50% by weight. The ¦particles of the suspended non-argillaceous minerals is also s~bject to variation insofar as it may vary between -325 to +28 mesh (Tyler). .
Slurries of the above type are frequently pumped through large diameter pipelines for great distances. To inc~ease the ef,ficiency of such pipeline operations, it would be desirable if the flow rate of the slurry could be increased as it passes through the pipeline. Also, it would be beneficial if the slurries could be rendered less abrasive to the interior of the pipelines to be able to reduce frictional wear.
If it were possible to add small amounts of a chemical to slurries of the above type where they could be pumped at higher flow rates and at the same time rendered less abrasive, a valuable contribution in the art of handling slurries of non-argillaceous minerals would be afforded.
¦ THE INVENT I ON
In accordance with the invention it has been found that the pipeline transmission of aqueous slurries of non-argillaceous minerals may be improved by directly adding to such slurries, while they are moving through a pipeline, a water-in-oil emulsion of a water-soluble vinyl addition polymer in an amount sufficient to li provide at least 0.001% by weight of said polymer based on the weight of the aqueous slurries.
THE WATER-IN-OIL EMUSLION
OF THE WATER-SOLUBLE VINYL ADDITION POLYMERS
It is now known that water-soluble vinyl addition polymers may be prepared in the form of water-in-oil emulsions. These emulsions contain three basic components, e.g., oil, water and the water-soluble vinyl addition polymers. The method of preparing emulsions of this type are described in United States 3,734,873 and United States 3,284,393.
The amount of water-soluble polymers contained in these emulsions may vary between 5 to 75% by weight.
THE WATER-SOLUBLE
VINYL ADDITION POLYMERS
These polymers are well-known to the art and have been described in numerous publications and patents. The polymers most commonly available are acrylamide polymers which include poly-acrylamide and its water-soluble copolymeric derivatives such as, for instance, acrylamide-acrylic acid, and acrylamide-acrylic acid salt copolymers which contain from about 95 to 5%
by weight of acrylamideO Also useful are copolymers of acrylamide with other vinyl monomers such as maleic anhydride, acrylonitrile, styrene and the like. It is preferred in the practice of this invention to use acrylamide polymers which are water-soluble and which contain at least 5%
by weight of acrylamide.
Other water-soluble vinyl polymers are described in detail in the following U. S. Patent Nos. 3,418,237, 3,259,570 and 3,171,805.
In examining the disclosures of these patents it will be seen that the water-soluble polymers may be either cationic or anionic and, in some instances, the ionic charges are sufficiently ¦slight so that the polymers may be considered as nonionic.
¦ For example, water-soluble polymers and copolymers of allyl, diallyl amines, or dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate are cationic. Polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol are nonionic and polymers such as polyacrylic acid or polystyrene sulfonates are anionic. All of these polymers may be used in the practice of the invention.
The molecular weight of the polymers described about may vary over a wide range, e.g. 10,000 to 25,000,000.
~ he invention is predicated on using the water-in-oil emulsion of the water-soluble vinyl addition polymers by adding such emulsions directly to the pipelines which are used to trans-port the various non-argillaceous slurries. Surprisingly the emulsion upon addition directly to the pipeline in the quantities hereinafter specified tends to undergo inversion thereby releasing the water-soluble polymers'aqueous phase of the slurry.
The amount of polymers used to treat the slurries may be as little as .001% by weight based upon the weight of the slurry ' to be treated. Other amounts may be used so as to provide polymers to the slurries in amounts ranging between 005 up to as much as 3% by weight. In most instances amounts r~ ging between 0.1 to 1% by weight give good results.
_3_ The particular amount of polymer used will depend upon several factors, e.g., the type of slurry treated, its concentration and viscosity.
Also, the particular polymers or copolymers used as well as the molecular weight of the polymer or copolymer employed must be taken into consideration.
When fed directly into the pipeline and inverted the polymers materially reduce the frictional characteristics of the slurry thereby allowing more slurry to be transported utilizing existing pumping equipment.
Also the polymers tend to coat the particles contained in the slurry thereby tending to reduce the abrasiveness which materially reduces wear of the 1~ pipeline used to transport the slurryO
The water-in-oil emulsions of the water-soluble vinyl addition polymers may have incorporated therewith or added separately to the aqueous mineral slurries small amounts of surfactants to allow the emulsion to more readily invert and release ~he polymers in a soluble form into the aqueous phase of the slurry. This technique is set forth in United States 3,734,873~
It is to be understood that the polymers, due to the presence of the suspended non-argillaceous minerals in the aqueous phase, will tend to invert and dissolve without necessitating the use of surfactants or other means of inversion.
EXAMPLE
To illustrate the invention the following is given by way of example:
~' A coal slurry which contains 25% by weight of -325 mesh coal particles would be pumped through an eight inch diameter black cast iron pipe, If .10% by weight based on the weight of the slurry of a water-in-oil emulsion having the following makeup were used, improved results would be noted.
WATER-IN-OIL EMULSION
INGREDIENTS PERCENTAGE BY WEIGHT
Mineral Oil 33 Water 33 .
Acrylamide - Acrylic Acid (20%) 33 Copolymer (Av. Mol. Wt.
A variety of non-argillaceous minerals are transported in the form of aqueous slurries through pipelines. Typical are aqueous slurries which contain coal, taconite feldspar and phosphate rock. The concentration of these slurries vary from as little as 5% by weight to as much as 50% by weight. The ¦particles of the suspended non-argillaceous minerals is also s~bject to variation insofar as it may vary between -325 to +28 mesh (Tyler). .
Slurries of the above type are frequently pumped through large diameter pipelines for great distances. To inc~ease the ef,ficiency of such pipeline operations, it would be desirable if the flow rate of the slurry could be increased as it passes through the pipeline. Also, it would be beneficial if the slurries could be rendered less abrasive to the interior of the pipelines to be able to reduce frictional wear.
If it were possible to add small amounts of a chemical to slurries of the above type where they could be pumped at higher flow rates and at the same time rendered less abrasive, a valuable contribution in the art of handling slurries of non-argillaceous minerals would be afforded.
¦ THE INVENT I ON
In accordance with the invention it has been found that the pipeline transmission of aqueous slurries of non-argillaceous minerals may be improved by directly adding to such slurries, while they are moving through a pipeline, a water-in-oil emulsion of a water-soluble vinyl addition polymer in an amount sufficient to li provide at least 0.001% by weight of said polymer based on the weight of the aqueous slurries.
THE WATER-IN-OIL EMUSLION
OF THE WATER-SOLUBLE VINYL ADDITION POLYMERS
It is now known that water-soluble vinyl addition polymers may be prepared in the form of water-in-oil emulsions. These emulsions contain three basic components, e.g., oil, water and the water-soluble vinyl addition polymers. The method of preparing emulsions of this type are described in United States 3,734,873 and United States 3,284,393.
The amount of water-soluble polymers contained in these emulsions may vary between 5 to 75% by weight.
THE WATER-SOLUBLE
VINYL ADDITION POLYMERS
These polymers are well-known to the art and have been described in numerous publications and patents. The polymers most commonly available are acrylamide polymers which include poly-acrylamide and its water-soluble copolymeric derivatives such as, for instance, acrylamide-acrylic acid, and acrylamide-acrylic acid salt copolymers which contain from about 95 to 5%
by weight of acrylamideO Also useful are copolymers of acrylamide with other vinyl monomers such as maleic anhydride, acrylonitrile, styrene and the like. It is preferred in the practice of this invention to use acrylamide polymers which are water-soluble and which contain at least 5%
by weight of acrylamide.
Other water-soluble vinyl polymers are described in detail in the following U. S. Patent Nos. 3,418,237, 3,259,570 and 3,171,805.
In examining the disclosures of these patents it will be seen that the water-soluble polymers may be either cationic or anionic and, in some instances, the ionic charges are sufficiently ¦slight so that the polymers may be considered as nonionic.
¦ For example, water-soluble polymers and copolymers of allyl, diallyl amines, or dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate are cationic. Polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol are nonionic and polymers such as polyacrylic acid or polystyrene sulfonates are anionic. All of these polymers may be used in the practice of the invention.
The molecular weight of the polymers described about may vary over a wide range, e.g. 10,000 to 25,000,000.
~ he invention is predicated on using the water-in-oil emulsion of the water-soluble vinyl addition polymers by adding such emulsions directly to the pipelines which are used to trans-port the various non-argillaceous slurries. Surprisingly the emulsion upon addition directly to the pipeline in the quantities hereinafter specified tends to undergo inversion thereby releasing the water-soluble polymers'aqueous phase of the slurry.
The amount of polymers used to treat the slurries may be as little as .001% by weight based upon the weight of the slurry ' to be treated. Other amounts may be used so as to provide polymers to the slurries in amounts ranging between 005 up to as much as 3% by weight. In most instances amounts r~ ging between 0.1 to 1% by weight give good results.
_3_ The particular amount of polymer used will depend upon several factors, e.g., the type of slurry treated, its concentration and viscosity.
Also, the particular polymers or copolymers used as well as the molecular weight of the polymer or copolymer employed must be taken into consideration.
When fed directly into the pipeline and inverted the polymers materially reduce the frictional characteristics of the slurry thereby allowing more slurry to be transported utilizing existing pumping equipment.
Also the polymers tend to coat the particles contained in the slurry thereby tending to reduce the abrasiveness which materially reduces wear of the 1~ pipeline used to transport the slurryO
The water-in-oil emulsions of the water-soluble vinyl addition polymers may have incorporated therewith or added separately to the aqueous mineral slurries small amounts of surfactants to allow the emulsion to more readily invert and release ~he polymers in a soluble form into the aqueous phase of the slurry. This technique is set forth in United States 3,734,873~
It is to be understood that the polymers, due to the presence of the suspended non-argillaceous minerals in the aqueous phase, will tend to invert and dissolve without necessitating the use of surfactants or other means of inversion.
EXAMPLE
To illustrate the invention the following is given by way of example:
~' A coal slurry which contains 25% by weight of -325 mesh coal particles would be pumped through an eight inch diameter black cast iron pipe, If .10% by weight based on the weight of the slurry of a water-in-oil emulsion having the following makeup were used, improved results would be noted.
WATER-IN-OIL EMULSION
INGREDIENTS PERCENTAGE BY WEIGHT
Mineral Oil 33 Water 33 .
Acrylamide - Acrylic Acid (20%) 33 Copolymer (Av. Mol. Wt.
2.8 million) After feeding the copolymer for several hours of operation, it would be observed that pressure drop throughout the system would improve an average of about 15%. If the copolymer were used for a period of several months and an inspection were made of the interior of this pipeline, abrasive wear would be substantially reduced.
PRIOR ART
U. S. 3,102,548
PRIOR ART
U. S. 3,102,548
Claims (3)
1. A method for improving the pipeline transmission characteristics of aqueous slurries of non-argillaceous minerals which comprise adding directly to said slurries while they are being transported in pipelines a water-in-oil emulsion which contains distributed therein a finely divided water-soluble vinyl addition polymer in an amount sufficient to provide at least 0.001% by weight of said polymers based on the weight of said slurries.
2. The method of Claim 1 where the water-soluble vinyl addition polymer is an acrylamide polymer.
3. The method of Claim 2 where the acrylamide polymer is a copolymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US53869575A | 1975-01-06 | 1975-01-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1054784A true CA1054784A (en) | 1979-05-22 |
Family
ID=24148023
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA230,916A Expired CA1054784A (en) | 1975-01-06 | 1975-07-07 | Method for improving pipeline transmission characteristics of aqueous slurries of non-argillaceous minerals |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1054784A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4440543A (en) * | 1980-05-21 | 1984-04-03 | Conoco Inc. | Method for stabilizing a slurry of finely divided particulate solids in a liquid |
| US4489180A (en) * | 1983-12-12 | 1984-12-18 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Drag reduction agent utilizing water soluble interpolymer complexes |
| US4536539A (en) * | 1983-12-12 | 1985-08-20 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Dilatant behavior of interpolymer complexes in aqueous solution |
-
1975
- 1975-07-07 CA CA230,916A patent/CA1054784A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4440543A (en) * | 1980-05-21 | 1984-04-03 | Conoco Inc. | Method for stabilizing a slurry of finely divided particulate solids in a liquid |
| US4489180A (en) * | 1983-12-12 | 1984-12-18 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Drag reduction agent utilizing water soluble interpolymer complexes |
| US4536539A (en) * | 1983-12-12 | 1985-08-20 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Dilatant behavior of interpolymer complexes in aqueous solution |
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