CA1046540A - Balance for determining weight percentage of extracted component with respect to the total weight of material - Google Patents

Abstract

BALANCE FOR DETERMINING WEIGHT PERCENTAGE
OF EXTRACTED COMPONENT WITH RESPECT TO THE
TOTAL WEIGHT OF MATERIAL
Abstract of the Disclosure The balance for determining weight percentage of an extracted component with respect to the total weight of a given material has the load-receiving units and two movable rigidly connected balanceweights interconnected by flexible ties that embrace a drum; as the drum rotates, the load-receiving units and the balanceweights move simultaneously along the beam in the opposite direction until the beam is set in equilibrium at which the vernier position on a linear scale reads the sought percentage.

Description

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BALANCE FOR DETERMINING WEIGHT PERCENTAGE OF
FXTRACTED CCMPONENT WITH RESPECT TO THE TOTAL
WEIGHT OF MATERIAL

The lnven-tion relates to balances, and more particularly to a balance for determining weight percentage of an extracted component with respect to the total weight oE material in question~
Known in the prior art is a balance for determining weight percentage of an extracted component with respect to the -total weight of material, comprising a stand, a beam with non-uniform scale, resting against a stand on a knife-edge, a station-ary pan, suspended from the beam and located on one side of the stand, a movable pan located on the other side that can be moved along the beam, adjusting weights located on the beam on the side of the fixed pan and an arrester located on the other side of the beam.
The balance cannot ensure high accuracy of determining the weight percentage of fibre in cotton, which is due to non-uniformity of the scale and ignorance of the mass of the statiGnary pan. Moreover, the non-uniform scale increases the dimensions ~ ~
of the balance. -j :
Known in the prior art is also a balance with direct reading of the weight percentage of material components, having a base plate mounting a stand with an edge, a beam resting ~
against the edge, said beam being provided with a percentage ~;
reading scale on its longer arm, a compensating unit comprising a length~

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wise threaded rod fastened in the upper part of the beam, a counterweight that can move along the rod and is actually a washer whose inner diameter is larger than that of the rod and having thread in its upper part and a flat base in its lower part, a fixed pan fastened on -the short arm of the beam, a moving pan that can be moved along the lon~er arm of the beam;
and pointer fixed on the beam.
The balance error arising due to the mass of the moving pan is compensated manually, the accuracy of the determination is low due to non-linearity of the reading scale, Moreover, the non-linear scale is difficult to manufacture (complexity of graduation) and increase the total weight of the balance.
Known also is an apparatus for determining percentage yield of cotton fibre, having a housing, a swivel beam mounting a hook to suspend cotton on one end, and a scoop on the other, and -a rotary and load scale.
The apparatus can only be used to determine percentage ;~"
content of sought components in certain limited portions of material. Its accuracy with 100 g samples is maximum + 0.25 per cent. The scale readings are limited to 15-60 per cent.
The object of this invention is to provide a balance of higher accuracy that can give direct readings of the weight percentage of sough~ components and obviating any additional calculations, the balance should be easy to manufacture and ~;
convenient in use. -`
The object has been attained in that a balance for deter-.

rnining weight percen-tage of an extracted component with respect to the total wei~ht of test material, comprising a beam, load-receiving units, and balanceweights located on the beam, has, according to the invention a linear scale on the beam, two load~
receiving units connected by a rigid rod provided with a vernier, -two balanceweights interconnected by a rigid rod, flex-ible ties interconnecting,the movable load-receiving units and the balanceweights, that embrace the drum, as the drum rotates, the load-receiving units and the balanceweights move simultan-eously along the beam in the opposite direction until the beam is set in equilibrium, at which the vernier gives direct readings of the weight percentage.
The balance of the proposed design ensures linearity of the reading scale, and makes it possible to use a vernier to read weight percentage of the sought component in any portion of material to an accuracy of 0.1 per cent.
For a better understanding of the invention, it will be illustrated by a detailed description of its exemplary embodiment with reference to the appended drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a general view of the balance according to the invention' and Fig. 2 is a diagram of flexible ties in the balance according to the invention.
The balance for determining weight percentage of a sought component in the test material comprises a stand 1 (Fig. 1) fixed on a base plate 2.~ The base plate has pressed-in threaded bushes - ~41~ji54~
3 throuqh which legs 4 are passed. The legs have -threaded axles 5 fixed rings 6 and locking nuts 7. In the lower part of the axle there are supports 8. Housing 9 is supported on the stand 1 It has a base 10 w.ith two longitudinal slots 11 for suspensions 12 of movable pans 13 and 14.
The base 10 mounts a stand 15 with cradles 16 and limit stops 17. The stand 15 has a hole to pass an axle 18 of the drum 19. The base 10 mounts also a level 20 which is in a trans-parent sealed vessel filled with liquid, stand 21 is intended to fix a maynetic damper 22 provided with a scale 23 of the ~ ~
equilibrium indicator, arrester 24 has movable supports 25, springs ~ .
26 shock absorber 27, a cam 28 with a handle 29 mounted on axle 30 is hinge-connected to the arrester 24, a beam 31 is made as a rectangular frame, and has four rollers 32 on each of its angles. The frame consists of the upper horizontal plate 33 with a reading scale 34 and a bearing knife-edge 35; a lower horizontal plate 36 with a bush 37 pressed into it and intended to accept an axle 18 of the drum 19; a connecting plate 38 mounting side ~ :
plates 39, threaded axle 40 and calibrating weights 41. a left~
.: , hand vertical plate 42 bearing two calibrating members, a - ~
vertical member 43 and a horizontal member 44; a right-hand . .
vertical plate 45 bearing two calibrating members 43 and 44 and ~; . .
an index 46 located between the damper 22 poles provided with an -~
equilibrium index 47. The beam 31 mounts the first movable .~ ... - .
load-receiving unit 48 that can be moved along the upper horizontal .,; .
plate 33. It comprises weight 49 with a ' -~
. ::

4~) load-receiving knife-edge 50 pressed into i-t, a shakle 51 wlth cradles 52 and cup 13, the second movable load-receiving unit 53 moves along the upper horizontal plate 33, it is connected with the first movable load-receiving unit 48 by a rigid rod 54 having a vernier 55; a left-hand balanceweight 56 and right-hand weight 57 move along the lower horizontal plate 36 con-nected through a rigid rod 58. The axle 18 of the drum 19 has a handle 59.
The load-receiving unit 48 is connected by a flexible tie 60 with the balanceweight 56 by the flexible tie 60 (Fig. 2) passing through the rollers 32. The load-receiving unit 53 is connected with the balanceweight 57 by a flexible tie 61 passing through the rollers 32. The balanceweight 56 is connected with ~ ;
the balanceweight 57 by a flexible tie embracing the drum 19.
The balance operates as this.
When in the idle (arrested) position, the handle 29 iq turned downwards and the beam 31 rests against shock absorbers 27. The knife-edge 35 is lifted over the bearing cradles 16.
To set the balance in the working position, ring 6 is turned to adjuæt the height of support legs 4 so that the level 20 indicates the horizontal position of the balance. The lock-nuts 7 serve to fix the support legs in the required position.
Now the handle 29 is turned upwards to rotate a cam 28. The movable support 25 moves downwards by the action of the spring 26 the beam 31 is lowered, and the bearing knife~
edge 35 of the beam is set against the cradle 16 of the stand 15.

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4659~0 It l'hc ecluili.bri~n o~ unloaded bca~, i8 checlccd a~, rollo~/~. Ihe cquilibri~ in~l2x 47 should read zero at the ~cale 23. I~ l~
otllcr~Yi3e the be~un 31 i calibrated with mcmbers 43 and 44i~ !5 and ci.130 by moving the ~alibrating WeightE 41 along the axle 40.
By rotatin,g hanrlle 59 (Fig.2) the load-receiving unitiC~
,'x 48 and 53 are rnoYed along -the reading scale 34. As the handle 59 ~ .
~ .:
i9 turned, the a~le 18 and -the dr~lm-19 are turned too, and the ,~
flexible tle 62 is wound on one side of -the drum and ur~wound from its other side. This moves the balanceweight, 56 and 57 along the horizontal plate 36. The flexible ties 60 and 61 move the load-receiving unit3 ~8 and 53, Thuci, the system o~ flexible -tie,~ 60, 61 and 6Z ~n,~,ure~ ~imultaneou~ mo~ement o~ the wei~hts 56 and 57 on one side of the load-receiving Ulliti~i 48 and 53 . ~ ~ :
on the other side in the opposite directions to equal distance0 If pans 13 and 14 are empty, the mass o~ th~ moving element~
on one horizontal pla~e 33 is equal to the ma~ of -thc weights 5~:and 57 on the other horizontal plate 36. The beam 31 remain, in equilibrium at any position o~ the load-receivi~g unit,s 48 znd 58 and the weight,s, 56 and 57.
~8 soon a~ the ~quilibrium o~ the beam 31 ha~ been checked, ~ :~
the balance is arre~ted again by turning the handle 29 do~mwards. ~
I'he cam 28 i~ tuxned, it puE~he~s the moving re,-,t 25 which o~er- I ..~: ;
comes the re~i~tance of the spring 26 to move upward, and to lift (through shock absorber 27) th~ bearing edge 35 from the cradles 16.
In order to determine weight percentaOe of an extracted ... ,.... . . , P
", ~ ' ... , .,,~

F

component, it is placed on the pan 13 while the reMaining material is placed on the pan 1~. The balance arres-ter is released and the load-receiving units 48 and 53 and the balance-weights 56 and 57 are moved by turning the handle 59 until the beam 31 is set in~equilibrium. Now the result is read off the scale 34 and the vernier. The accuracy of the scale reading is 1 per cent and the vernier reading 0.1 per cent. The balance is then arrested.
The high accuracy reading of weight percentage is attalned by the linear design of the scale 34, which makes it possible to use the vernier 55 for ta]cing off readings. The uniformity of the scale is attained by simultaneous movement of the load-receiving units 48 and 53 to equal distances. The equation of the force moment with respect to the bearing knife-edge is as follows (Fig.l) P(a-l) = Q(b+l) (1) where P is the weight of the component whose weight percentage is determined, Q is the weight of the remaining material;
a is the distance from the axis of the left pan 13 to the axis of the bearing knife-edge 35, corresponding to the starting position b is the distance from the right pan 14 to the axis of the bearing knife-edge 35, corresponding to the starting position, 1 is~ the displacement of the load-receiving units 48 and .
: ., .

53 from the starting positi.on to the equilibrium position of th~ beam 31 with the pans 13 and 14 loaded with P and Q.
The beginning of the scale corresponds to the axis of the bearing knife-edge 35. Then 1 = nx - b (2) where x i9 the distance between two neighbouring divisions of the reading scale 34, and n is the number of divisions correspond-iny to the per cent content of the components p P Q ,~

substituting (2) intb ~1? we have P(a-nx+b)=Q(b~nx-b) (3) ~
Since a = c-b (4), where c is the distance between ~ `
the axis of the left pan 13 and the axis of the right pan 14 ~ ~ ~
(constant) we have ~ -. ~ .
P(c-nx) = Qnx (5) whence nx~= p + Q C (6) Thus, the length of the reading scale from its -beginning to the read off division is proportional -to the per- ;
centage content of the components p P Q , which proves uniformity of the reading scale.
The distance between the divisions is determined from the equation X = ~ C (7) -For example, for the percentage contents of the compon-ents of 50 per cent (Q=P and p P Q = 0.5), and for the value of the divi~ion of the reading scale 34 of 1 per cent, the number `: ~ :,, , ". ..
.~ . . .. ~

f divisions n = 50, and the distance between the divisions is x = 0.5 C50 ~ 0.01 C
The proposed balance makes it possible to determine percentage ratio of the extracted component to the total weight of any test material within a wide range of percentage ratios to hiyh accuracy, the readinys beiny taken clirectly from the scale without any additional calculations.
The balance is simple to manufacture and convenient ; .
in use. ` :
: :`

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Claims

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:-

1. A balance for determining weight percentage of an extracted component with respect to the total weight of a test material having a first moving load-receiving unit intended to accept the extracted component, the weight percentage of which is to be determined; a second moving load-receiving unit intended to accept the remaining mass of the material; a beam made as a rectangular frame of two horizontal plates connected by two vertical plates; a support bearing said beam; a linear scale to read off weight percentage made on one of the horizontal plates of said beam; said load-receiving units located on the same said horizontal plate; said two load-receiving units, one at each side of said support; a first rigid tie-rod rigidly connecting said load-receiving units; a vernier on said first rigid tie-rod; two movable balance weights on the other said horizontal plate of said beam, one weight at each side of said support; a second rigid tie-rod connecting rigidly said balance weights; a drum;
an axle of the drum fixed in said beam; flexible ties connecting said drum with said load-receiving units and said balance weights; said load-receiving units and said balance weights moving simultaneously along said beam in the opposite direction as the drum is turned, until said beam is set in equilibrium, at which the position of the vernier is used to read off the percentage ratio.