BRPI0904564A2 - bean harvesting equipment and similar - Google Patents

Abstract

EQUIPMENT FOR CEIFAR BEANS AND SIMILARS is a constructive arrangement of the component elements to proceed with the phases of harvesting beans and the like: harvesting, harvesting, driving and swathing. Harvesting is done by a pair of rotating discs parallel to each other in the same plane arranged for each planting line to be harvested simultaneously. The material is lifted by the retractable rods, due to the movement of the Receiving Track Set and driven to the Track Set. conductors that make the lateral winding. The semi-pantographic combination with the telescopic arrangement, by trigger, in the mowing set allows adjustments and operational adjustments. The structural arrangement and the number of harvesting lines make possible the size and propulsion in modalities: 1 - motorcycle and similar type vehicles - small to meet the small producer and family production; 2 - vehicle type agricultural tractors - with different size, propulsion and operability due to the combination of horizontal and vertical movements that allow the work on the left / right of the conditioned tractor in the harvest, always through the same border of the field; 3 - self-propelled vehicle - then conditioned to a harvesting platform; 4 - special modality - corn tracker - which is an altered arrangement of the elements: discs to mow drag cones, rods, mats, carcass and auxiliary structures, which by repositioning these allows adjustments of spacing from the dense to the conventional, giving functionality and performance ; it has a telescopic nose that prevents impacts, directs and captures bedding corn by adjusting the tilt.

Description

EQUIPMENT TO CEIFARE BEAN AND SIMILAR

Equipment for agricultural mechanization in bean harvesting operations and similar crops. Able to perform the operations of: 1 - harvesting - by mechanical means that favor and provide the subsequent phases: 2 - treading - by driving and dragging the harvested material; 3 - flattening - deposition of the material carried laterally in relation to the harvesting direction, forming strips on the ground. Getting the material (from agricultural farming) in favorable conditions to the grain stripping and other required actions, in specific equipment. The common practice for the harvesting of beans is the uprooting of the plants, when considered with adequate maturation and humidity, deposition and waiting for the drying of the material and, later, the threshing. Typically, these operations are done manually by people in hard work, unfavorable working conditions and low performance. The mechanical processes available for these purposes are fouling equipment and related actions, but large and specific equipment is available for pulling out, basically consisting of a treadmill formed by cutting blades that perform alternating back and forth movements requiring flat (ground) work surfaces. free from ripples and obstacles. Therefore, the available equipment is specific, one for each harvest work step. In the proposal of the Equipment for Harvesting Beans and the like, the pull-out operation has the equivalence by harvesting (cutting) the material, that is, with the same purpose as the pull-out, only by different actions and mechanical means; It also performs other operations such as: trolling, rowing, overturning and re-rowing, all in one simultaneous and sequential set.

The Equipment for Harvesting Beans and Similar Beans under analysis aims to perform the harvesting stages of beans and the like, by: 1 - harvesting by mechanical means of the plants, at the base of the stem near the ground, due to the rotation mechanisms, arranged individually for each row of plants; 2 - trailing and; 3 - rowing, by the specific devices for this purpose. All these operations are performed by a single piece of equipment, by means of specific devices, assembled in one set. Advantages obtained with the Harvester and Similar Equipment: a - the process replaces the manual work; b - there is no requirement for special conditions of the solocom without irregularities, undulations and obstacles; c - by the structure, assembly, size, spatial disposition and propulsion, d - by providing additional improvements with the complementary phases, such as deposition in piles; and - enable the sorting and rolling of the material, parallel to the previous deposition, which facilitates drying; f - air drying, sun heat exposure, promoting acceleration of moisture loss; g - anticipating, by reducing the time required, the threshing of the grains, in proper equipment for this purpose; h - all these actions and or phases of operation (harvesting, trimming, rowing, overturning and rowing) in a single equipment; i - therefore, it adds to operational performance and efficiency.

BASIC COMPONENTS

I - Harvesting Set - formed by a structure and cutting elements with the main purpose of secondary harvesting and guiding the material to the following steps. 1 - Cutting elements formed by a pair of harvesting discs (or variants), driven by degiro cables (similar to the tachometer of vehicles that promote opposite turns in order to conduct the partecentral harvesting between them; 2 - the guide structure with elementotelescopic which avoids damage in the event of an impact and also allows its lengthening / shortening adjustments; 3 - demographic guides, formed by the sucking guide wheel elements, which, together with their simultaneous actuation, regulate the harvesting height and allow positional adjustments and depth damping, as well as damping. vertical oscillations; 4 - adjustable fitting at the base of the chassis allows adjustments of line distances and alignment with work lines, ie plants.

For each harvesting line there is a harvesting set with the function of collecting the material, that is, the bean plants, harvesting them, hoisting them and taking them to the following steps of the harvesting operation.

II - Set of Receiving and Conducting Conveyors - with the function of receiving and tracing (conducting) the stored material and transporting it to the later phases. It consists of rollers, rollers, shafts, tensioners, conveyor belts and accessories. The treadmills make the triage due to their constructive spatial geometric format, composed of flat belts forming two distinct acting surfaces: one involving and one involved, both acting simultaneously.

The belts involved contain perpendicular rods or different relative angles, which depending on the perimeter point and the geometric arrangement and the simultaneous action with the other belts make the rods retractable or not, to meet the need for this function. Wrap belts have the complementary function of guiding, aligning and wrapping. The simultaneous action of this joint disposition promotes the main action which is the transport of the harvested material. The activation of these sets will be effected by belts, or by cardan, or by chain, or by other means and even by combinations of these, so as to allow tension adjustments, distances of the constituent elements.

III - Set of Depositing Conveyors - with the function of receiving and renewing the material, as well as diverting it and changing it of direction and direction of flow, promoting the fit and the rowing laterally to the advancing direction of the Bean and Similar Harvesting Equipment. This Set is basically composed of the same elements as the previous Set (Receiver and Conductor Track Set) varying only in the dimensions and spatial constructive geometry to meet their specific functionality.

IV - Structural Chassis - with the function of serving support, union, junction and connection between the Sets; to obtain the spatial and structural geometric arrangement necessary to ensure the functionality of all Bean and Bean Harvesting Equipment. The Structural Chassis is complemented by the Auxiliary Structure which depends on the characteristics of the propulsion vehicles for which they are intended.

V- Auxiliary Structures - are formed by the essential and complementary elements to make the interconnection between the Set and the propulsion vehicle. Thus it depends mutually on this junction.

FUNCTIONALITY

The Bean Harvesting and Similar Equipment works as a processor from the bean harvesting (and similar crops) steps from the till to the preparation for the threshing of the grain, speeding up the drying process of the material, reducing the operational expenses and the necessary time, adding quality. the product obtained (ogres). The Deposition and Rowing of harvested material increases the contact of the pods with the air and reduces the contact with the soil favoring the aeration and exposure to the heat of the sun, thus reducing the exposure time for material loss of moisture (stems, branches, leaves and seeds). and grain) ensuring grain quality. To further enhance these advantages and in the event that there is an increase in ambient humidity (due to high relative humidity, or weather) the Bean and Similar Harvesting Equipment allows you to perform a new operation - slanting, while turning the depositing material it in another position forming Ieiras parallel to the previous position. The high humidity of the environment and plants tends to degrade grain quality: it changes color, consistency, texture, tends to rot and germinate the grains. Climatic and environmental conditions cannot be controlled by the farmer, but it is up to the farmer to take advantage or to be careful by carrying out the harvesting operations at the right time and at the right time in a practical and efficient manner.

For the Rowing operation it is only necessary to remove part of the Bean and Similar Harvesting Equipment, detaching from the chassis, the support bar that contains the Harvest Sets or just the Harvest Sets themselves. Positioning Equipment for Harvesting Beans and the like at the end of the letter begins the process, that is, the receiving and conducting mats, which, in case, the function of hoists and rollers leading the material for the Set of Depositing Conveyors, which acquire , in this case, the function of Conveyor and Rowing Racks.

The presented Modalities or Versions of Bean Harvesting Equipment and the like, regarding propulsion, open up a range of options for growers as to their size and operability, adjusting them to their growing needs and realities. The cost-benefit ratio is favored for each case and for the reality of the producer depending on its area of cultivation and on the versions of equipment presented. Equipment for Harvesting Beans and Similar: 1 - for motorcycle and similar propelled vehicles; 2 -for agricultural tractor type propelled vehicles; 3 - for self-propelled vehicles; 4 - for grain-propelled thrusters.

The propulsion vehicle has the motor function, that is, to move the moving components, to transport and operate the Equipment for Harvesting Beans and Similar. The connection between propellant and propellant is made by grab bars, disassembly / drive wheels, drive cardan, relative connection elements and adapted to the specific conditions of each mode.

Modality for Propulsion by Small Motorcycle and Similar Vehicles - as it is small the Equipment for Harvesting Beans and Similar is intended for the producer with lower purchasing power and for smaller cultivated areas; Its auxiliary structural elements are also simpler: transport, transmission, support, coupling or connection. A variant would be wheel / tire traction. The Harvesting Equipment similar in size is smaller because it has a smaller number of Harvest Sets (one or two), has a lower weight which allows the propulsion by smaller vehicles (power).

Propulsion Mode by Tractor vehicles - o Bean Harvesting Equipment and the like is characterized by having larger dimensions, therefore, with larger number of Harvesting Sets, it can be propelled by agricultural tractor. The propulsion vehicle (external) has the basic function of mobility, traction, operation by means of auxiliary devices such as coupling structure, and operation, making the Bean Harvesting Equipment and Similar versatile. In addition to the specific propulsion function, this Modality or Version promotes and changes the design of the Bean Harvesting Equipment and Similar equipment, that is, gives a new conception of operation and use in a new special arrangement with new options to perform the work. The Auxiliary Structure consists of two basic parts interconnected and complementary to each other with special functions: 1 - Auxiliary Structure that includes the hydraulic and mechanical mechanisms of connection to the tractor; 2 - the Auxiliary Structure composed by the specific forming elements of the Equipment for Harvesting Beans and Similar. These are different from the Motorcycle Propelled Equipment and similar and other modalities because: a - they are connected to the tractor; b- for having a larger number of reapers; c - because there are horizontal and vertical displacements, to suit the work procedure; d - because they have larger dimensions and require structural parts suitable for both size and efforts as the new operability provision. The new spatial arrangement allows for the reversal of the rowing direction (left side reversed laterality to the right of the tractor and vice versa), to adjust to the working arrangement (mowing) by the same border, requiring the displacement of the Harvesting Equipment and Similar to the right / left of the deal respectively. These inversions add to the Equipment greater versatility and performance.

Self-propelled mode - a vehicle specifically designed for this purpose, together forming a single self-propelled agricultural vehicle type Bean harvester and the like. Then the Bean Harvesting and Similar Equipment becomes a Bean Harvesting Platform and the like, and there are auxiliary dimensional and structural adjustments.

Grain Harvester Propulsion Modality - in this case the Harvester and Bean Harvesting Equipment becomes a similar Bean Harvesting Platform, with appropriate ancillary structural adjustments for the relevant connections.

Special mode - for maize harvesting - maize thresher - due to the characteristics of maize cultivation requires a spatial structural arrangement and specific functionality to make the harvest. The objective of the spatial and structural arrangement presented is to fulfill the specific needs and innovate in the corn harvesting process regarding the arrangement of the constituent elements that allow the regulation of the spacing between harvesting lines, from a dense system of planting to conventional planting. The mode for maize harvesting is intended to go through the maize harvesting stages of: harvesting, tearing and earning for subsequent threshing on specific equipment for this purpose, ie the equipment works as a harvesting platform. Plant height, upright size, and spike grains (not pods like beans) imply that the harvesting takes place by removing the spikes, shedding the queen cover and protecting the grains, and removing the grains from the cob. Usually this is done mechanically by pressure, stress and shear that cause the protecordal spikes to rupture and consequently disintegration of the grains and subsequent separation of these.

The Corn Tracking Equipment is different from the equipment available in the market by the structural and spatial arrangement and the way it makes the harvesting, trimming and handling of the ears. It is a platform that opens the harvesting operation and that, coupled to a threshing machine, complements it, in a different way of collecting the ears leading them to the other actions that complete the harvesting.

ILLUSTRATIONS AND DRAWINGS

The illustrations and drawings presented below are without scale. Joining elements such as screws, rivets, welding and others are not shown.

The structures and mechanical elements component are steel, otherwise they are spelled out for each case.

Fig. 01 - 00 - represents the Harvesting Set and its basic component elements to ensure functionality and performance in the Harvesting and Lifting operation of plants (beans) for this material for subsequent operations. Acting on a plant line, for two plant lines it is then necessary to set two Head Sets, and so on. They are interchangeable elements consisting of the material resistant to the stresses to which they are subjected (tension, compression, flexion and shear).

Constructive variations for the harvesting set are replacements or alterations of elements or parts of these with other forms while maintaining the same backbone of the function. Mowing discs may be provided with teeth on their edges or overlapping, or by replacing the pair of discs with a sturdy, flexible material-like whip element similar to those used in small garden brushcutters; Another possibility is to replace the mowing disc pair with a mowing blade with the same function.

Other elements may be replaced by others in different forms with slightly altered functions such as the telescopic rod being replaced by a simple linkage and support plate of the harvesting discs, and the deminer mechanism and guide wheel exchanged by a yongerine attaching the crop to the harvesting discs having, therefore, loss of the respective functional characteristics of the elements

replaced:

01 - harvesting disc;

02 - telescopic rod;

03 - support bar;

04 - articulation;

05 - supinator element;

06 - guide wheel;

07 - setting and fixing;

08 - tensor trigger;

09 - drive cable;

10 - adjustable length;

11 - cavity;

Attached to the chassis by the drawbar (03) and drawbar (07) allowing relative repositioning of the spacing / approximation between harvesting lines by changing the position in the holes (by screws) of the drawbar (03).

The simultaneous action between the joint (04), supinator (05), guide wheel (06) gives the Mowing Set motifantographic movements. These elements allow adjustments and calibration for working conditions such as cutting height, ground obstacles and surface irregularities. Also indicates independent acting for mowing dog. Guide wheel (06) and supinator (05) also act as shock absorbers and cutting height limiter.

The details, fig. 01 - 01 and 01 - 02 illustrate, in section, the tension trigger (08). At 01 - 02, the trigger (08) is disposed by the center. In 01 - 01 (a variant) the trigger (08) disposes sideways and externally, which assign the triggering function to the telescopic rod (02) when triggering.

The length (10) is adjustable by repositioning the triggers (08) and cavities (11) and or by the safety telescopic actuation caused by longitudinal impacts during the advance of the Harvesting Set in operation.

Rotational movement of the harvesting discs (01) is effected by cables (09) similar to vehicle detacometer cables, interconnected to specific differential outputs (25).

FIG. 02 - 00 - shines an arrangement of the Receiver and Conveyor Belt Set into its constituent elements that act simultaneously to perform the lifting functions (complemented by the mowing action), crawling and driving the harvested material, depositing them onto the Depositing Belt Set.

12 - hoist / driver roll;

13 - motor roller;

14 - main tensioner roller (external);

15 - tensioner roller (internal);

16 - internal or wrapped mats;

17 - external or surrounding mats;

18 - retractable rods (fingers);

19 - distance between centers (13) and (14);

20 - distance between centers (12) and (13);

OC- position or adjustment angle;

The pivoting motion causes the outer tracks (17) overlapping the inner tracks (16) which contain the retractable rods (18) whose spacing permits the retractable rods (18) to slide making the course (perimeter) while lifting and driving the harvested material. The outer tracks (17) distributed and spaced between the rows of rods (18) complement the driving and support function (material deposition) while rotating it by dragging it over the upper part. Each inner belt (16) contains a row (row) of rods (18). The rods (18) are retracted (in the lower part of the Set) due to the relative spatial arrangement of the main tensioning rod (14). The main tensioner roller (14) has the function of promoting the spacing between the surfaces of the tracks (16) and (17) by the distance or spacing (19) creating the retraction space of the retractable rods (18); detecting the external tracks (17); and angularly adjusting (OC) the deposit face of the material. The inner tensioner roller (15) has the function of tensioning the inner belts (16) and the domestic belt in adjusting the distance between centers (19). The internal partitions (16) are surrounded by the outer part (17) making a set of mutual and functional action.

In fig. 02 - 02 - the main tensioner roller (14) is made of steel core and externally by rubber roller or the like permeated with cavities, or coated entirely with rubber as in fig. 02 - 01. It has the function of promoting the distance between the internal (16) and external (17) belts, promoting the retraction of the rods (18), making them retractable by the distance (19). The axis illustrated in fig. 02 - 02 is a constructive variant for the main tensioning axle (14), improves the function by reducing the clearance (19), its cavities allow the passage of the rods (18) between them without mutual interference.

In fig. 02 - 03 - there is the representation of the simultaneous actuation of the external belts (17) on the main tensioner roller (14), in this case it is segmented, whose cavities allow the passage of the retractable rods (18) without causing mutual interference, altering the adjustment (19) to the smaller, and also the simultaneous actuation of the internal tracks (16) with their retractable rod lines (18) on the drive roller (13).

In fig. 02 - 04 - there is the representation of the overlapping of the external belts (17) on the internal belts (16), without mutual interference, acting together on the hoisting roller (12). In this situation the simultaneous action of enveloping / involved occurs completely. In the event of misalignment or slipping or to maintain parallelism between tracks and rods, grooves, grooves, or roughness allocated to the tracks on the faces of the contacting surfaces solve the problem.

In fig. 02 - 05, 06 and 07 - Constructive and assembling variants of the Receiving and Conducting Track Set1 have been shown to drive different materials (similar or not). In these arrangements there is no tensioner roller with the same function as the tensioner (14), not represented in these illustrations, but of belt tensioner roller (s). In the arrangement of fig. 02 - 05 - the retractable rods (18) are not by the track overlap arrangement, but by the opposite face of the rollers (12) and (13), since the rods are arranged on the rollers. The tracks would only be free guides to allow free rotation of the rods. The arrangement of fig.02 - 06 - differs from the arrangement of fig. 02 05 - by having rods and only one of the rollers. The arrangement of fig. 02 - 07 - disposes the rods on the tracks, which could only be ribs arranged in the transverse direction of movement.

Fig. 03 - 00 - shows, in detail, the simultaneous action of harvesting and lifting caused by the forward movements of the Bean Harvesting Equipment and the like, the rotary harvesting and upward movements of the retractable (which at this point are not retractable) hoist rollers and racks.

Fig. 04 - 00 - represents the arrangement for the Depositor Belt Set. This spatial arrangement is a constructive variation of the arrangement shown in fig. 02 -00 (Receiving and Conducting Track Set). Due to this arrangement the components acquire differentiated special functions. It is a different combination, due to the peculiar function of the use, that is, to receive, divert and deposit the material, coming from the previous Set, in Ieiras by one end.

Fig. 05 - 00 - there is schematically the simultaneous arrangement of the action of the forming elements of the Bean Harvesting Equipment and the like, also indicating the path taken by the material collected from the entrance (harvesting) to the lateral deposition (rowing).

Fig. 06 - 00 - presents an exploded view of the Bean Harvesting and Similar Equipment in its essential components. The spatial arrangement allows visualizing and relating the spaces occupied by each element and the relative interactions with each other:

25 - differential;

21 - lateral support bar (left and right);

23 - intermediate table;

24 - posterior frame;

26 - wheels and tires;

22 - axis;

Fig. 06 - 01 - illustrates a flowchart, a summary that relates the mutual interrelationships between the actions performed by the respective functional elements that form the Bean Harvesting and Similar Equipment. It establishes the complementarity of the main and secondary movements represented by their actions. 07 - OO - presents a simplified scheme of Bean Harvesting Equipment and similar, connected to a Motorcycle type propulsion vehicle.

Fig. 08 - 00 - simply illustrates a speed transmission device connected to a motorcycle type vehicle. It is a device consisting basically of a speed transmission cable, toothed pinion that adjusts to the vehicle chain, control mechanism driven by steel cable to engage / disengage the pinion, similar to the control of bicycle gears, and wear. The speed transmission cable has the profiled end through which it will be fitted to the corresponding orifice of the sprocket and counterbalanced to prevent unintentional release:

27 - set / wear set;

28 - toothed sprocket;

29 - speed transmission cable;

Fig. 09 - 00 - presents an exploded view of the Equipment for Harvesting Beans and Similar, with the auxiliary structures for the propulsion and connection operation with the tractor type vehicle. In A, it details the forming elements of the Base Cart Assembly that connects the tractor to Bean Harvesting Equipment and the like. In B, the Bean Harvesting Equipment and Similar with its Auxiliary Elements for Complementary Joining is illustrated.

These Auxiliary Elements allow the operation and propulsion by hoisting and horizontal rotation of Bean Harvesting Equipment and the like to one side of the tractor to perform the work. Not shown: hydraulic actuators such as pistons, motor, hoses and controls that allow lateral movement, lifting and other necessary movements.

Variants of construction and operation may serve as alternatives such as coupling the Equipment directly to the tractor while giving up innovative operation to always work on the same side of the field as this coupling does not allow left / right tractor positioning. Or replace the hydraulic circuit with mechanical means such as cardan in sequential steps up to Bean Harvesting Equipment and the like. The hydraulic motor will be driven by tractor power cardan, the controls arranged at the operator's reach from the same point where the tractor operates, ergonomically:

In A: Base Car:

35 - castle I;

34 - base of castle I;

33 - table I;

30 - actuator (piston) fittings;

31 - three points of coupling to the three points of the tractor's hydraulic lift;

40 - arm;

In B: Connection Table and Harvest EquipmentBeans and Similar:

30 - actuator (piston) fittings;

36 - table II;

38 - base of castle II;

37 - castle II;

41 - spear;

39 - auxiliary bars;

OPERABILITY

Fig. 10 - 00 - schematically shows one of the operational movements: the hoisting movement of the Equipment for Harvesting Beans and Similar. This vertical movement is due to the hydraulic actuators around the articulated points (42), (43) and (44) and points (31) of engagement with the three points of the tractor's hydraulic lift; (a) - indicates the direction of advance obtained by moving the tractor.

Fig. 11 - 00 - shows another operational movement: the left or right partial rotation horizontal movement of the Tractor forming the angle that

allows efficiency in the harvesting operation, always on the same side of the field.

Fig. 12 - 00 - illustrates the harvesting operation with the Motorcycle Propelling and Bean Harvesting Equipment. Coupling to the side. Detail C: one way and in detail D: return. The operation is cyclical in that the field (49) is centrally, ie the continuous feed (50) proceeds from the opposite faces (edges) of the field (49):

46 - entrance face of the harvested material;

47 - exit face of harvested material; 48 - windrows;

49 - field;

50 - continuous or resulting advance;

Fig. 13 - 00 - illustrates the harvesting operation with the Tractor Propelled Bean Harvesting Equipment and the like. Demonstrates the innovation of always operating the same face (edge) of field (49) by continuous forward (transverse) forward and return, respectively, in the details EeF; This was achieved by lateral movement (horizontal rotation) and the inversion of rotation of the Receiving and Depositing Conveyors, so that it always deposits the material collected from the opposite side to the continuous advance (50), forming the loops (48). When going out, it operates on the right hand side of the Tractor, on the way back, it operates on the left side of the tractor and vice versa.

The right / left lateral inversion, always on the same side of the cultivated area and avoids trampling over unharvested plants and no-maneuvering for agility and operational versatility.

Fig. 14 - 00 - schematically illustrates the operation in case there is no left / right side inversion of the Bean and Similar Harvesting Equipment. The operation is carried out by the edges of the field, creating a problem of initial entry in the field, because there will be passage of part of the Equipment for Harvesting Beans and Similar on the rows of plants not yet harvested, promoting trampling and losses, if not an initial preventive arrangement.

Fig. 15 - 00 - illustrates a spatial arrangement for the elements forming the structure of a CORN TRAILER - differentiated by the way in which their elements interact to harvest, track and conduct the ears and harvested material for the rotor. The harvesting, tracking and driving happen almost simultaneously through the joint action of all the component elements and the advance donation of the equipment. The width adjustment between harvesting lines is made by an innovative mechanism, because there is a tendency for the densified corn cultivation and the disposition of the elements allows the adjustment for this spacing. Adjustment adds versatility by arranging the equipment to work at different widths or planting spaces from thickened to conventional maize cultivation. Dorsal fins made of flexible, rubberized or composite canvas material act as "hinges" to allow each part of the carcase to adjust to the widening / narrowing of the other elements; in addition to joining the parts of the carcass (if desired with respect to each other). The lateral dorsal keel, between the front nozzle part and the rear body, must be fixed in one part and loose in another and have articulations that allow the adjustment between the triangular and rectangular spatial geometric shapes respectively, keeping the interactions without interference in the movable and adjustable parts. An alternative would be a dorsal yongarine, from chassis to front tip end, properly adjusted to the spaces and with the necessary joints to allow all moving parts and body adjustments without mutual interference:

55 - front nozzle or body;

56 - posterior body;

58 - front keels;

59 - telescopic nose;

60 - dorsal fins;

57 - housing (guide and protection);

61 - trailing cones;

01 - harvesting discs;

18 - retractable rods;

62 - conductive mats;

63 - rotor;

64 - chassis;

65 - gutter;

30 66 - profiled shaft;

67 - harvesting line;

69 - harvesting entrance;

68 - distance between harvesting lines (adjustable);

Fig. 15 - 01 - illustrates the Harvesting Set. The advance of the equipment and the simultaneous action of turns of the pair of harvesting discs (01) capture the corn stalks and by pressure (due to their recesses) shears them by crushing, aided by the drag cones (61) and retractable stems (18). ) which pinch and separate the spikes as they are trimmed by the conductive mats (62) which guide them (and also the stem parts) to the rotor (63). The arrangement and the alternate undercuts allow for position adjustment between the spacing / approach discrepancies that allow to calibrate the degree of crushing / shearing / dragging / harvesting actions (cornstalks). Retractable rods acquire this (retracting) function when moving and tearing the carcass. Mounted in pairs in parallel.

Fig. 15 - 02 - illustrates a variant for the pair of harvesting discs without the use of trailing cones. The teeth (70) have the function of capturing and driving the material for shearing:

70 - harvesting teeth;

Fig. 15 - 03 - shows, schematically, a conductive belt (62) which has the function of guiding and guiding the trailed material, mainly the spikes for the rotor (63). The bushes (73) with their shape, geometric and arrangement are fixed the chain (74) facilitate and allow the horizontal conduction of the harvested material and the time they conform to the curvature of the crowns (66 and 72) during the rotation movement:

71 - motor crown;

72 - crown moved;

73 - bushes;

Fig. -15 - 04 - details the composition of the conductor belt in its geometric form and in the interaction of the bushings with the current:

74 - current;

Fig. 15-05 - illustrates a vertical projection (plan) detailing the elements that make up each harvesting line:

75 - support bar;

Fig. 15 - 06 - illustrates a front projection detailing the elements that make up each harvest line.

Fig. 15 - 07 - illustrates a side view of a mowing line.

Fig. 15 - 08 - Provides arrangements for the transmission of movements for harvesting assemblies: belts and by means of rotating cables. It also illustrates a joining sleeve for profiled shaft parts which facilitates the maintenance and replacement of axle mounted components:

77 - motor pulleys;

78 - driven pulleys;

40 79 - straps;

76 - union gloves; 15 - 09 - presents a front view with the devices involved in the spacing adjustment, by the approach / departure displacement of the components, including the line set protection housing. The adjustment devices formed by the horizontal and vertical sliding regulators that act together with the support bar, harvesting cones, driving mats and carcass, configured in such a way that the simultaneous displacement of these elements results in the distance / approximation of the distance of the harvesting lines, which is by their very nature. instead depending on planting spacing. The dorsal keel has the function of allowing relative movements between the faces of the carcass to function as a hinge joint, which allows the spatial arrangement of the carcass to "tune" to the adjustment of the other elements; The material must be such as to permit elasticity, plasticity and mechanical strength such as rubber, tarpaulin and composites which give these characteristics. The offset / approach adjustment determines a variation between the distance between harvesting lines to values between maximum and minimum, respectively. The backbones in conjunction with the sliding devices have their use extended to other applications such as volume or angle variators in capsular or shell structures, wedge shapes and other similar spatial geometric shapes for guiding, driving material or the like. The same principle applies to the front part, ie nozzle or front body:

80 - vertical sliding regulator;

85 - support rod;

86 - articulation;

90 - horizontal slider regulator;

Fig. 15 - 10 - illustrates two versions of vertical sliding regulators (80), an essential component that allows the mobility of the carcass and consequently the calibration adjustments of the distances between harvesting lines. The clamping screw maintains the horizontal direction for housing shifts while the adjusting screw forces the housing to close / open horizontally. The joints facilitate these movements and are complemented by the fins and horizontal slider. The threaded sleeve is an alternative to the support rods where it allows a particular adjustment to vary its length and consequently the corresponding positioning independently of the others, ie, locally changes the proportions. The left (right / right) glove allows point adjustments relative to that of the set for particular specifics such as a single-sided slope or distinct dimensional variations, making the length variable:

81 - adjusting screw;

89 - threaded glove;

82 - fixing screw;

83 - movable or sliding rod;

84 - fixed rod;

Fig. 15 - 11 - illustrates two versions for the horizontal slider (90). It complements the actions assigned to the vertical device, while providing stability and allowing the spacing / approaching of the support bars and consequently of the entire set of lines:

87 - sliding bar;

88 - guide bar;

Fig. 15 - 12 - illustrates, in section, the set called NARIZ TELESCÓPICO - which has the task of serving as a guide, starting point of the cropping process, helping to raise fallen or fallen plants, redirecting them. Telescopic movement is due to the elasticity of the component material, the pressure springs, the pins, the geometric shape. The combination of these properties gives the device performance in absorbing undesirable impacts and stresses that may arise during harvesting. The elasticity of the material that makes up the elements forming the structure (body) and the springs, the relative and successive displacements of the segments (due to the guide pins, springs, guides, splines and geometry) allows the relative longitudinal movement by partial deformation, by overlap, summation, as well as the return to the initial position, ie the longitudinal telescopic movement absorbing impacts and other efforts resulting from the harvesting process. The splines, the pins and the geometric shape, give orientation to the telescopic movement and the springs, the elasticity of the material gives the energy of absorption and return to the point of origin. The adjustment of each segment allows the sequential cascading effect of the telescopic movement. The material should contain the characteristics of elasticity, plasticity and mechanical strength such as rubber or composites with these properties to allow the necessary elastic deformations. Each capsule can be formed by two closed parts (shells) that complement each other and thereby allow the internal components to be assembled. The semicircular trigger, attached to the housing by a properly articulated device, further enhances performance by allowing adjustments according to use and the conditions of the work environment and also as a joint protection mechanism, which in the case of an unwanted acting force intervening vertically, the trigger fires allowing the displacement (the jump) to another position avoiding possible damage; In addition, angled adjustment can be made using the Telescopic Nose. If necessary, to prevent foreign material from entering the moving parts of the capsules, the edges shall be lined with flexible material such as tarpaulins:

91 - front capsule;

92 - intermediate capsule;

93 - posterior capsule;

94 - reinforcing ribs and guides;

95 - tensioning springs;

96 - support pin;

97 - guide pin;

98 - semicircular trigger;

Fig. 15 - 13 - illustrates a variant for the Telescopic Nose - TELESCOPIC LEME - with similar attributes to the Telescopic Nose, but enhanced in some respects for purpose and use, as its geometric shape is more laminar (in the cross section) acquiring closer properties. those of a navigational (nautical) rudder, that is, to break structures like tangle of cultivated plants, or weeds, or crop weeds, as in the case of bean plants. Positioned at the ends of harvesting equipment, gives them protection (telescoping and damping effect) and adds the assignment of opening paths and guides. In the case of bean harvesting, it would be allocated parallel to the Head Set (01) for the main purpose of making way (unraveling, untangling, guiding) for the harvest to proceed properly. For protection, in the vertical direction, the crimping device is fitted with a torsion coil spring, which allows the rotation of partial (vertical) and return to the initial position, works similarly to the semicircular trigger (98):

99 - torsion crimping;

100 - guide; 15 - 14 - illustrates the relative positions that the Telescopic Nose semicircular trigger wear allows to adjust working conditions: tip down, horizontal tip, tip up (upturned). The mechanism also acts as a preventive device for any accidental efforts that force the joint, ie it triggers the semicircular hook to another position, preventing caused damage.

PROGRESSIVE DAMPER

Figs. 16 - xx illustrate construction variants of the telescopic rod, consisting of fusible elements with the hook. Being the fuse triggers, the set is thus protected against vehicle or equipment crashes to which they are inserted. It does not return to its original position and does not allow adjustments or calibration after the triggers are attached to the telescopic rod (Progressive Damper), ie it has permanent plastic deformation. The protection of the vehicle or equipment that is inserted occurs by the gradual deformation proportional to the impact and the displacement (shortening) of the telescopic rod, that is, it is a permanent deformation that absorbs the impact energy in a previously calculated and established way in the trigger arrangement. Progressive Bumper.

The trigger is formed of a crimped capsule with the fuse element that can be in different shapes such as: half moon, sphere, roller, rectangular, flat, circular, or ovoid. It is material that has tensile strength proportional to stress. Each fuse element has a differentiated absorption calibration than the others, so that the energy absorption of the impact energy occurs gradually. Grouped and spatially arranged according to the material characteristics and the resulting shear stress.

Progressive shock absorber built as a safety item to be inserted into the structure of vehicles and engines or equipment such as rims, ouchassi, or attached to the traditional bumper in series or parallel, sandwich-type schemes, at the edges, across in schemes such as carcass, ballast, ceiling or floor. Intended for the protection of drivers and passengers in the event of accidental or unintended impacts. 16 - OO - illustrates a telescopic rod with no trigger device, only an interference fit between the guide-rod contact faces:

02 - telescopic rod;

11- cavity;

105 - guide;

106 - fuse element;

107 - clamp;

108 - undercut;

109 - tear;

110 - channel;

Fig. 16 - 01 - illustrates a construction of the Progressive Damper with seam-like triggers along the center strip of the guide. The trigger is a ruptured seal. Longitudinal stress on the shank causes the interference of the adjustment to begin to act by dampening the energy absorption due to friction until (if the force is greater) the feed reaches a seal, breaking it in proportion to the available energy at which each seal is calibrated, and thus successively in sequential advance effect (relative shortening) and progressive absorption of energy. While the energy is higher the displacement will reach the successive seals in cascade and sequential effect in which the energy is decreasing. For the case, the triggering happens by pressure and rupture of the seal.

Fig. 16 - 02 - illustrates a Progressive Damper comb in which triggering occurs by pressure rupture and displacement of the seal. The trigger is formed by a sequence of cavities and shoulders in which they are set, and they have sealed seals that can have half moon, cylinder, etc. shapes.

Fig. 16 - 03 - illustrates a grouping of externally encapsulated triggers that are properly allocated to the guide according to the characteristics of each fuse element. In this case, the fuse element is in the shape of a recessed insert clamp that fits into the guide holes (slots). Triggering occurs by displacement and pressure that expels the clamp as it advances. The trigger is the clamp itself because of its shape and the elasticity of the material plus the insertion in the guide and that the rod upon reaching it presses it and the cock ejecting it out. 16-04 illustrates a grouping of triggers by staples that are allocated by the guide edges. The trigger is formed by clamp and fuse element (ball type, moon roller, etc.) which is fitted in the side cavity and by the clamp and this is crimped by pressure and shape and longitudinal groove of the guide. Triggering occurs by dislocation and pressure that "ejects" the clamp as it advances. At each obstacle there is a decrease in energy, and at each step the energy gradient required for the "break" will be higher than the previous one, since each clamp is calibrated with a higher resistance than the previous one, that is, there is a gradual and sequential and progressive absorption. system power.

Fig. 16 - 05 - illustrates a guillotine type trigger grouping consisting of fuse pins that are inserted into the guide. Triggering occurs by pressure and shear as the rod moves and reaches the pins promoting shear losing energy.

Fig. 16 -06 - graphically illustrates the relationships between the energy required to promote fuse element rupture and stem displacement (with relative shortening occurring). In order to displace it is necessary to have more energy than necessary to break the fuse elements of the first level and if energy is left to break the second level, it goes on to the next level and so on, interrupting the sequence when the energy is less than the rupture energy. When there is a grouping of fusible elements the curve becomes steeper and the higher the energy that each fuse element absorbs in relation to the previous one, the stronger the curve becomes:

E + = energy required to advance;

d = relative stem displacement (shortening);

Fig. 16 - 07 - graphically illustrates the energy absorption ratio and the displacement (relative shortening), that is, due to the energy absorption of the fuse elements successively as the stem displacement reaches the fuse elements. The initial energy on each blown fuse loses the amount of energy it has and the remaining energy will be absorbed in the following until the blown fuse energy is interrupted, interrupting the sequence. It is the energy-absorbing ripple effect. Soon to reach the "destination" it is necessary to have a very large initial energy amount:

E = energy absorbed;

d = relative stem displacement (shortening);

Claims (46)

1. - Bean Harvesting Equipment and the like characterized by having its basic components arranged in a spatial structural arrangement to obtain the principal actions of harvesting, threshing, driving, rowing or re-rowing the bean, allowing adjustments of its component elements, row spacing, resulting in their size (size) and type of propulsion, maintained the mutual relations between their forming elements and reciprocal actions. 2. - A harvesting assembly characterized by being formed by a pair of partially overlapping, or not overlapping, harvesting discs driven by the rotary cables, which make the harvesting of the material, together with a telescopic rod, supinador and rotor that protects the assembly and that allows adjustments and that of the joint action of the supinator and the guide wheel give character of movements emptantographic. 3. Telescopic shank characterized by having a tensioning bar that provides adjustment of the lengthening / shortening of the harvester set to position it to the material and work place conditions by rotating it and consequently the Bean and Bean Harvester. 4. - Trigger trigger characterized by having a geometric arrangement with shoulders, cavities, pins and pins that trigger by relative linear displacement to protect and allows voluntary adjustment of the telescopic rod to which it is inserted. 5. -Mowing set characterized by being a constructive variant of the mowing set by having mowing blades in place of the mowing discs. 6. -Mowing set characterized in that it is a variant of the mowing set because it does not have a detent rod in place of the telescopic rod in the mowing set. 7. -The harvesting assembly characterized by being a variant of the harvesting assembly by having a long stem type connecting the harvesting discs to the crimping in place of the semi-panographic movement device performed by the supinator, guide wheel and articulation. 8. -Receiver and Conveyor Belt Set is characterized by having a spatial composition of overlapping belts, retractable rods, rollers, rollers interacting to promote rotary movements to complement the lifting, lifting and guiding the material. 9. - Depositor Belt Set characterized by being a constructive variant of the Receiver and Conductor Track Set with the same components adjusted for receiving, directing and depositing the material in Rails laterally to the direction of advance. 10. Track assembly characterized by being a variant of the Receiving and Conducting Track Set for diversified use and in a new combination of elementose and its retractable rods attached to one of the rollers making them retractable by geometry and movement. 11. Overlapping mats characterized by their engaging / wrapped interactive spatial arrangement composing an interference fit between the contact faces and which will have grooves or striations to maintain parallelism between the rods making them retractable at specific points of the perimeter by the relative spacing between the mates. wraps / wraps promoted by the tensioner roller and its position clearance. 12. Slotted idler roller characterized by transverse circular grooves or channels that allow the rows of retractable rods to freely interpose between these channels during the rotary movement of the track assembly, reducing the space between the surrounding tracks and those involved in the perimeter portions to be retracted. and by the geometric arrangement. 13. -Retractable rods characterized by having discontinuous retraction by the arrangement between the distance promoted by the rollers and the overlap of the tracks due to the spatial geometric arrangement. 14. Modality for propulsion by similar motorcycles characterized by having a suitable constructive arrangement to this propulsion, of small size and with one or two mowing lines, with its auxiliary structures or complementary elements to obtain the driving, traction, and operation. 15. -Mechanical speed transmission arrangement characterized by having toothed pinion and pinion in the motorcycle transmission chain, cabogiratory speed transmission for Bean Harvesting Equipment and the like. 16. - Propulsion mode for similar motorcycles characterized by being a constructive variant to obtain independent wheel / tire traction. 17. - Tractor propulsion mode characterized by having a constructive spatial arrangement for the conditions of propulsion with its auxiliary and specific components for driving, traction and operation by means of ergonomic hydraulic actuator (circuit) controls, two-jointed joints one coupling to the tractor and give it to the Bean Harvesting and Similar Equipment itself to allow vertical and horizontal movements of operation through the same boundary of the field. 18. - Type of tractor propulsion characterized by being a cardan-driven construction variant from the tractor to the equipment in place of the hydraulic circuit. 19. - Type of tractor propulsion characterized by being a constructive variant for Bean Harvesting Equipment and the like, set to the tractor operating laterally on one side and replacing its operation by the same border of the tractor. 20. Self-propulsion mode characterized by having a constructive arrangement of the Bean and Similar Harvesting Equipment in the form of a platform attached to a conventional cereal harvester with its complementary structures to fit this condition. 21. -Operationality characterized by performing the work by the same boundary of the field due to the constructive dispositions of the auxiliary and complementary elements and the hydraulic circuit and have the economic controls for the tractor and that allows the vertical (lifting) and horizontal (angular) movements to reverse left / right and to reverse the sense of rowing or rowing. 22. Maize harvester characterized by being a constructive and geometric spatial arrangement to meet maize harvesting conditions with one or more mowing lines and the trailing cone elements, mowing discs, adjustable carcass, retractable stems, mats and accessories for harvesting, pick and drive the corn. 23.Mowing set characterized by being a constructive variant of the mowing set with trailing cones, retractable stems, support bar and mowing discs with countersinks and thickness bumps for mowing pressure and shearing stems. 24.The harvester set is a constructive variant of the harvester set with the cams discs with knurls and recesses and teeth on one on the upper faces and the other on the underside, replacing the drag and retractable stems. 25. Conductive belts characterized by being formed in a constructive arrangement with chain, bushings, crowns and accessories that conduct the material after firing. 26.The harvesting line body characterized by the constructive spatial arrangement of the structural elements such as the casing, keel, and harvesting assembly, driving mats, sliding adjusters, and spatially adjustable shape all of these elements for thickened to conventional (widening / shortening) progressive spacings. 27.Mowing harvester body characterized by being a constructive variant by having shapes adjustable by hydraulic, pneumatic, or electronic mechanisms. 28.Quites characterized by being flexible, elastic, resilient, such as a hinge or hinge to allow for the necessary adjustments of the carcass widening / shortening and consequently the harvester body. 29. -Sliding regulators characterized by allowing the adjustments of the elements of the harvester line body interact with each other. 30. - Sliding regulators characterized by being a constructive variant of the vertical sliding regulator with a support rod adjustable by the threaded sleeve that is locally and punctually the size of the unbutton rod and consequently of the harvesting line body to which it is inserted. 31. - Retractable rods characterized by being a constructive variant for retraction by the openings or slots of the carcass and by being fixed to the drag cone. 32. -Housing or protective body consisting of a material different from steel to plastic and / or similar, with keels, sliding adjusters and support bars or structural yongarine for use in guiding or deflecting, guiding materials, with variable and adjustable body dimensionally, in volumes, shapes with wedges, hollows, boxes, and casings, in different uses as in transport vehicles and various agricultural machinery. 33. -Housing or protective body characterized by being a constructive variant in which adjustments and control are driven by hydraulic, pneumatic and electronic means. 34.-Telescopic nose characterized in that it is a constructive variant of the telescopic rod, composed of capsules, pins and springs in a terminal geometric arrangement of elastic material, flexible and resistant to cushion, deform and return to the original position to protect it, having three positions. vertically due to the semicircular trigger. 35. Telescopic nose, characterized in that it is adjustable in variant construction or adapted for use on other equipment and / or vehicles having the same or similar duties as a safety item, for individual use or in groups arranged in parallel or series arrangements. 36.-Telescopic rudder characterized by being a simplified constructive variant of the telescopic nose, with its attributions and having a wedge or dancer's shape to break and open paths in situations of overgrowth, weed or crop such as beans, and have trigger trigger. 37.-Semicircular trigger characterized by being a constructive variant of the tension trigger having the shape of semicircular wear with angular damping action and displacement around a fixed point (axis) and angular deposition adjustment (vertical inclination) for working conditions. 38.-Torsion trigger characterized by being a constructive variant of the tensioning trigger by having a torsion spring crimping that imposes an angular damping action around one axis and returning to the original position. 39. Progressive shock absorber characterized in that it is a variant of the telescopic rod in a constructive arrangement by having fuse triggers, in place of the tensioning trigger, arranged and distributed so as to absorb energy from accidental impacts protecting the vehicle or equipment to which it is inserted. 40.-Progressive shock absorber characterized by being a constructive variant in which fuse triggers are grouped in parallel or series actuation in vehicle parts and the like to protect them by energy absorption. 41.-Fuse trigger characterized in that it is a constructive variant of the tension trigger by having fusible elements in a "seam" arrangement, that is, fuse seals distributed centrally in the guide and by triggering by pressure and bursting tension. 42. Fuse type "comb" trigger characterized in that it is a constructive variant by having ball or half moon fuse seals or rollers disposed laterally to the guide in cavities and lugs which snap under pressure and rupture voltage. 43.Fuse clamp type fuse characterized in that it is a constructional variant whose fuses are clamped by insertion to the guide and which snap and release. 44.Fuse-type fuse clip characterized in that it is a constructional variant in which the fuses are ball-type seals, half-moon or ovoid rollers attached to the clamp and snapped to the guide and which trigger by displacement, pressure and expulsion of the clamp. 45. "Guillotine" fuse pin, characterized in that it is a constructional variant with fuse pins inserted into the guide and which shear. 46.Fusible ferrule characterized in that it is a constructive variant in which each fuse element or seal is designed so that there is a gradient of energy dissipation in relation to that of the previous position in sequence and progressively.