BRPI0802009A2 - aloe vera based pharmaceutical formulation for direct capping on dental pulp and as a matrix for drug and / or cell transport - Google Patents
aloe vera based pharmaceutical formulation for direct capping on dental pulp and as a matrix for drug and / or cell transport Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- BRPI0802009A2 BRPI0802009A2 BRPI0802009A BRPI0802009A2 BR PI0802009 A2 BRPI0802009 A2 BR PI0802009A2 BR PI0802009 A BRPI0802009 A BR PI0802009A BR PI0802009 A2 BRPI0802009 A2 BR PI0802009A2
- Authority
- BR
- Brazil
- Prior art keywords
- aloe vera
- pulp
- pharmaceutical composition
- tissue
- composition according
- Prior art date
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- 235000011399 aloe vera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 235000002961 Aloe barbadensis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 210000003074 dental pulp Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 244000186892 Aloe vera Species 0.000 title claims abstract 26
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 230000004656 cell transport Effects 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 210000004268 dentin Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
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- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lidocaine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
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Abstract
FORMULAçãO FARMACêUTICA à BASE DE ALOE VERA PARA CAPEAMENTO DIRETO EM POLPA DENTáRIA E COMO MATRIZ PARA TRANSPORTE DE FáRMACOS EIOU CéLULAS. A presente invenção diz respeito a uma formulação farmacêutica de AIoe vera para capeamento direto em polpa dentária para a indução do tecido pulpar e/ou regeneração do tecido dentinário e como matriz para transporte de fármacos e/ou células. Essas formulações podem estar na forma de pó, pastas, géis, cremes, suspensões, solução, comprimidos, pomadas, e suas misturas e/ou podem estar associadas ou não a outros fármacos e com a adição ou não de vitaminas, ciclodextrinas, polímeros biodegradáveis e/ou minerais. Os diversos materiais usados para o capeamento pulpar direto em polpa dentária apresentam múltiplas deficiências, dentre elas: a necrose superficial por coagulação, ponte dentinária neoformada irregular, alterações do tecido pulpar a nível sangúíneo, falta de controle sobre os efeitos, citotóxicidade. Em razão disso, a busca por um biomaterial mais próximo do ideal torna se numa necessidade crescente. A presente invenção sobre uma formulação de Aloe vera é uma excelente opção para a regeneração tecidual devido às suas propriedades regeneradoras, antiinflamatórias, analgésicas e antimicrobianas e especialmente, para induzir a regeneração tecidual pela migração de células mesenquimais indiferenciadas, induzindo à formação de dentina terciária no complexo dentino-pulpar.ALOE VERA PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION FOR DIRECT CAPTURE IN DENTAL PULP AND AS A MATRIX FOR TRANSPORT OF DRUGS AND EIOU CELLS. The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical formulation of Aloe vera for direct dental pulp capping for pulp tissue induction and / or denture tissue regeneration and as a matrix for drug and / or cell transport. Such formulations may be in the form of powders, pastes, gels, creams, suspensions, solutions, tablets, ointments, and mixtures thereof and / or may or may not be associated with other drugs and with or without the addition of vitamins, cyclodextrins, biodegradable polymers. and / or minerals. The various materials used for direct pulp capping in dental pulp have multiple deficiencies, including: coagulation superficial necrosis, irregular neoformed dentin bridge, blood pulp tissue changes, lack of control over effects, cytotoxicity. As a result, the search for a biomaterial closer to the ideal becomes a growing necessity. The present invention on an Aloe vera formulation is an excellent option for tissue regeneration due to its regenerative, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antimicrobial properties and especially to induce tissue regeneration by indifferent mesenchymal cell migration, inducing the formation of tertiary dentin in the tissue. dentin-pulp complex.
Description
"FORMULAÇÃO FARMACÊUTICA À BASE DE ALOE VERA PARA CAPEAMENTO DIRETO EM POLPA DENTÁRIA E COMO MATRIZ PARA TRANSPORTE DE FÁRMACOS E/OU CÉLULAS""ALOE VERA-BASED PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION FOR DENTAL PULP CAPTURE AND AS A MATRIX FOR TRANSPORT OF PHARMACEUTICALS AND / OR CELLS"
A presente invenção diz respeito a uma formulação farmacêutica de Aloe vera para capeamento direto em polpa dentária para a indução do tecido pulpar e/ou regeneração do tecido dentinário danificado em tecido dentinóide e e como matriz para transporte de fármacos e/ou células. Essas formulações podem apresentar-se em diferentes formas farmacêuticas como pó, pastas, géis, cremes, suspensões, solução, comprimidos, pomadas, e suas misturas e/ou podem estar associadas ou não a outros fármacos e com a adição ou não de vitaminas. Ainda podem conter como parte da sua composição ciclodextrinas, misturas com alcalinizantes, polímeros biodegradáveis e/ou minerais.The present invention relates to an Aloe vera pharmaceutical formulation for direct dental pulp capping for induction of pulp tissue and / or regeneration of damaged dentin tissue in dentinoid tissue and and as a matrix for drug and / or cell transport. Such formulations may be in different pharmaceutical forms such as powder, pastes, gels, creams, suspensions, solution, tablets, ointments, and / or mixtures thereof and / or may be associated or not with other drugs and with or without the addition of vitamins. They may also contain as part of their composition cyclodextrins, mixtures with alkalizers, biodegradable polymers and / or minerals.
A odontologia tradicional com ênfase cirúrgico-restaurador vem dando lugar à odontologia preservadora e à promoção de saúde. Esse novo modelo .baseia-se em criar melhores condições de saúde bucal, respeitando o potencial curativo e mineralizador do dente, determinando o risco à doença, aplicando terapias menos invasivas e monitorando sua evolução (Anusavice K., Management of dental caries as a chronic infections disease. J Den Educ 62: 791-801. 1998). Neste contexto, o desenvolvimento de estratégias terapêuticas, técnicas e materiais biocompatíveis para manter a vitalidade e função do complexo dentino-pulpar representam atualmente um grande desafio entre os pesquisadores. O capeamento pulpar direto, indireto e a pulpotomia são terapias desenvolvidas para o tratamento nas lesões pulpares de caráter reversível (Tziafas D, Smith AJ, Lesot H. Designing new treatment strategies in vital pulp therapy. J Dent 28: 77-92. 2000).Traditional dentistry with surgical-restorative emphasis has given way to preservative dentistry and health promotion. This new model is based on creating better oral health conditions, respecting the curative and mineralizing potential of the tooth, determining the risk to the disease, applying less invasive therapies and monitoring its evolution (Anusavice K., Management of dental caries as a chronic infections disease (J Den Educ 62: 791-801. 1998). In this context, the development of therapeutic strategies, techniques and biocompatible materials to maintain the vitality and function of the dentin-pulp complex present a major challenge among researchers. Direct, indirect pulp capping and pulpotomy are therapies developed for the treatment of reversible pulp lesions (Tziafas D, AJ Smith, Lesot H. Designing new treatment strategies in vital pulp therapy. J Dent 28: 77-92. 2000) .
Dentina e polpa são consideradas um órgão único, denominado complexo dentino-pulpar, devido à íntima relação entre a camada de células da periferia da polpa e seus prolongamentos dentro dos túbulos dentinários (Kitasako Y, Arakawa M, Sonoda H, Tagami J., Light and scanning electron microscopy of the inner surfaces of resins used in direct pulp capping. Am J Dent 21: 217-221. 1999). A dentina é um tecido mineralizado, de natureza conjuntiva, a qualconstitui a maior parte da estrutura do dente, além de dar suporte ao esmalte que a reveste em sua porção coronária. O conteúdo inorgânico da dentina consiste, principalmente, de hidroxiapatita e o colágeno tipo I compõe a maior parte da fase orgânica. Além disso, a dentina contém proteínas não colagenosas, como glicoproteínas, proteoglicanas, fosfoproteínas do plasma e água (Linde A., Cells and extracellular matrix of the dental pulp. J Dent Res 64: 523-529. 1985).Dentin and pulp are considered a single organ, called the dentin-pulp complex, due to the close relationship between the pulp periphery cell layer and its extensions within the dentinal tubules (Kitasako Y, Arakawa M, Sonoda H, Tagami J., Light and scanning electron microscopy of the inner surfaces of resins used in direct pulp capping (Am J Dent 21: 217-221, 1999). Dentin is a mineralized tissue of a conjunctive nature, which forms the bulk of the tooth's structure, besides supporting the enamel that coats it in its coronary portion. The inorganic content of dentin consists mainly of hydroxyapatite and collagen type I makes up most of the organic phase. In addition, dentin contains non-collagenous proteins such as glycoproteins, proteoglycans, plasma phosphoproteins and water (Linde A., Cells and extracellular matrix of the dental pulp. J Dent Res 64: 523-529. 1985).
A dentina aloja em seu interior a polpa dentária, que é um tecido conjuntivo frouxo responsável pela função formativa, nutritiva, sensitiva, de sustentação e de defesa do dente. O odontoblasto, a principal célula do complexo dentino-pulpar, é derivado da crista neural e constitui uma população de células únicas com capacidade de formação e reparo.The dentin houses inside the dental pulp, which is a loose connective tissue responsible for the formative, nutritive, sensory, support and defense function of the tooth. Odontoblast, the main cell of the dentin-pulp complex, is derived from the neural crest and constitutes a single cell population capable of formation and repair.
Atualmente, as lesões pulpares de caráter reversível são tratadas por meio do capeamento pulpar. O capeamento pulpar pode ser direto ou indireto e pode utilizar diversos materiais e protocolos terapêuticos {Tziafas D, Smith AJ, Lesot H. Designing new treatment strategies in vital pulp therapy. J Dent 28: 77-92. 2000).Currently, reversible pulp lesions are treated by pulp capping. Pulp capping may be direct or indirect and may use various therapeutic materials and protocols {Tziafas D, AJ Smith, Lesot H. Designing new treatment strategies in vital pulp therapy. J Dent 28: 77-92. 2000).
Diversas são as causas que podem provocar alterações da polpa dental, de forma reversível ou irreversível, destacando entre elas a carie dental. As causas dessas alterações dependem da origem, tipo, duração e intensidade do estímulo aplicado, suprimento sangüíneo, resposta imune das células da polpa para responder a estes estímulos recebidos (Donaldson L. F. Understanding pulpitis J Physiol 573 (1) p. 2-3. 2006). O capeamento pulpar direto é uma técnica que consiste em colocar um material no local onde houve uma exposição pulpar para preservar os tecidos da polpa e o complexo dentino-pulpar e é considerado um método válido para a conservação da polpa dental, reconhecida pela Associação Americana de Endodontia. Nesse tratamento, busca-se estimular polpas jovens saudáveis a depositarem uma ponte de dentina no local onde a polpa foi exposta evitando a evolução do processo de injúria que poderia culminar em tratamentos mais radicais como o tratamento endodôntico radical ou a exodontia.There are several causes that can cause reversible or irreversible changes in dental pulp, highlighting dental caries. The causes of these changes depend on the origin, type, duration and intensity of the applied stimulus, blood supply, pulp cell immune response to respond to these received stimuli (Donaldson LF Understanding pulpitis J Physiol 573 (1) p. 2-3. 2006). ). Direct pulp capping is a technique of placing a material where pulp exposure has occurred to preserve pulp tissues and the dentin-pulp complex and is considered a valid method for the preservation of dental pulp, recognized by the American Association of Endodontics. In this treatment, we seek to stimulate healthy young pulps to deposit a dentin bridge where the pulp was exposed avoiding the evolution of the injury process that could culminate in more radical treatments such as radical endodontic treatment or extraction.
O capeamento pulpar direto, quando bem sucedido, pode preservar avitalidade do tecido pulpar exposto. O sucesso relatado na literatura depende principalmente da causa da exposição, do tamanho da área exposta, da localização do sítio de exposição e da idade do paciente. A técnica de capeamento direto é de fácil domínio para o endodontista e para o clínico geral e mostram resultados positivos. E também, o baixo custo atinge uma importância social relevante para a conservação do complexo dentino-pulpar (Stanley H.R. Criteria for standardizing and increasing credibility of direct pulp capping studies. Am J Dent. Jan;11 Spec No:S17-34. 1998)Direct pulp capping, when successful, can preserve avitality of exposed pulp tissue. The success reported in the literature depends mainly on the cause of the exposure, the size of the exposed area, the location of the exposure site and the age of the patient. The direct capping technique is easily mastered by the endodontist and the general practitioner and shows positive results. Also, low cost is of social importance relevant to the conservation of the dentin-pulp complex (Stanley H.R. Criteria for standardizing and increasing credibility of direct pulp capping studies. Am J Dent. Jan; 11 Spec No: S17-34. 1998)
Dentre as substancias empregadas para o capeamento pulpar destaca-se o hidróxido de cálcio Ca (OH)2, sendo o material de escolha para tratamentos conservadores, incluindo a pulpotomia. O mecanismo de ação está associado a ativação de enzimas teciduais promovendo o efeito mineralizador, levando à formação de ponte dentinária em aproximadamente 90% dos casos. A densidade do novo tecido formado é variável e em muitos casos é difícil de ser visualizado no exame radiográfico. Ainda, o Ca(OH)2 tem tempo de ação curto, reabsorve-se facilmente, tem baixa resistência à compressão e promove uma necrose superficial que leva a uma resposta inflamatória pulpar transitória (Holland R., Histochemical response of amputed pulps to calcium hydroxide. Rev Brás Pesquisa Med Biológica 4: 83-95. 1971).Among the substances used for pulp capping, calcium hydroxide Ca (OH) 2 stands out, being the material of choice for conservative treatments, including pulpotomy. The mechanism of action is associated with the activation of tissue enzymes promoting the mineralizing effect, leading to dentin bridge formation in approximately 90% of cases. The density of the new tissue formed is variable and in many cases is difficult to see on radiographic examination. Also, Ca (OH) 2 has a short action time, easily resorbs, has low compressive strength, and promotes superficial necrosis that leads to a transient pulp inflammatory response (Holland R., Histochemical response of amputed pulps to calcium hydroxide). Rev Brás Biological Med Research 4: 83-95 (1971).
A participação dos íons cálcio nos processos de mineralização, como na formação de pontes de dentina, selamento biológico apical e oclusão dos túbulos dentinários, foi demonstrada na literatura (Holland R, Souza V, Nery MJ, Mello W, Bernab'e PFE, Otoboni Filho JÁ. Effect of the dressing in root canal treatmentwith calcium hydroxide. Rev Facul Odontol Aracjatuba 7: 39-45. 1978). Estudos histoquímicos e análises com luz polarizada verificaram que, quando o Ca(OH)2 entra em contato com o tecido conjuntivo ocorre uma imediata precipitação de granulações birrefringentes à luz polarizada. A alta concentração de íons cálcio pode também ativar enzimas como a pirofosfatase que desempenham importante função no processo de mineralização.The participation of calcium ions in mineralization processes, such as dentin bridge formation, apical biological sealing and dentinal tubule occlusion, has been demonstrated in the literature (Holland R, Souza V, Nery MJ, Mello W, Bernab'e PFE, Otoboni Son ALREADY Effect of dressing in root canal treatmentwith calcium hydroxide (Rev Facul Odontol Aracjatuba 7: 39-45. 1978). Histochemical studies and polarized light analysis have found that when Ca (OH) 2 comes into contact with connective tissue there is immediate precipitation of birefringent granulations under polarized light. The high concentration of calcium ions can also activate enzymes such as pyrophosphatase that play an important role in the mineralization process.
A formação de dentina de reparação em polpas de molares de ratos que foram capeadas diretamente com hidróxido de cálcio produz mudanças no seu estado metabólico da polpa caracterizadas pela deposição de apatita eocorrência de nódulos de calcificação na matriz. (Hirschfeld Z, Bab I, Tamari I, Sela J. Primary mineralization of dentin in rats after pulp capping with calcium-hydroxide. J Oral Pathol. 111(6):426-33. 1982).The formation of repair dentin in rat molar pulps that were directly capped with calcium hydroxide produces changes in their pulp metabolic state characterized by apatite deposition and occurrence of calcification nodules in the matrix. (Hirschfeld Z, Bab I, Tamari I, Saddle J. Primary mineralization of dentin in rats after pulp capping with calcium hydroxide. J Oral Pathol. 111 (6): 426-33. 1982).
A pasta de Ca(OH)2 com água apresentou 90% na formação de dentina reparadora quando comparada a outra forma de aplicação tal como os cimentos de Ca(OH)2 (n=20). (Holland R, Souza V, Nery MJ, Mello W, Bemab'e PFE, Otoboni Filho JA., Effect of the dressing in root canal treatmentwith calcium hydroxide. Rev Facul Odontol Aracjatuba 7: 39-45. 1978). No entanto a qualidade desse reparo dentinário é questionado em relação à pouca densidade do novo tecido formado.Ca (OH) 2 paste with water showed 90% in reparative dentin formation when compared to another application form such as Ca (OH) 2 cements (n = 20). (Holland R, Souza V, Nery MJ, Mello W, Bemab'e PFE, Otoboni Filho JA., Effect of dressing on root canal treatment with calcium hydroxide. Rev Facul Odontol Aracjatuba 7: 39-45. 1978). However, the quality of this dental repair is questioned in relation to the low density of the new formed tissue.
O MTA tem inúmeras aplicações clínicas e na endodontia vêm sendo indicado devido a sua biocompatibilidade e atividade em presença de umidade. O MTA é um pó branco ou cinza que consiste de finas partículas hidrofílicas que endurecem na presença de umidade; e devido a sua alcalinidade, capacidade de prevenir a infiltração bacteriana e aos altos níveis de biocompatibilidade, os MTA tem sido testados como materiais para capeamento direto. O MTA esta composto basicamente por silicato tricálcico, aluminato tricálcico, oxido tricálcico e oxido de silicato, além de outros óxidos minerais e do oxido de bismuto utilizado para dar radiopacidade ao material. A hidratação do pó resulta em um gel coloidal com pH de 12.5, o qual se solidifica em estrutura rígida, com força compressiva chegando a 70Mpa, comparável ao IRM (Intermediate Restorative Material) e materiais restauradores intermediários à base de cimento de oxido de zinco e eugenol, após 21 dias, com menor citotoxicidade. O Ca(OH)2 quando misturado com água, ocorre uma serie de eventos com a adsorção de fibronectina aos cristais de cálcio, à semelhança do que ocorre após o capeamento com Ca(OH)2 (Accorinte Mde L, Holland R, Reis A, Bortoluzzi MC, Murata SS, Dezan E Jr, Souza V, Alessandro LD., Evaluation of mineral tríoxide aggregate and calcium hydroxide cement as pulp-capping agents in human teeth. J Endod. 34(1):1-6. 2008).MTA has numerous clinical applications and endodontics have been indicated due to its biocompatibility and activity in the presence of moisture. MTA is a white or gray powder consisting of fine hydrophilic particles that harden in the presence of moisture; and because of their alkalinity, ability to prevent bacterial infiltration and high levels of biocompatibility, MTAs have been tested as direct capping materials. MTA is basically composed of tricalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, tricalcium oxide and silicate oxide, in addition to other mineral oxides and bismuth oxide used to radiate the material. Hydration of the powder results in a colloidal gel with pH 12.5, which solidifies into a rigid structure with compressive strength reaching 70Mpa, comparable to Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM) and zinc oxide cement based restorative materials. eugenol after 21 days with lower cytotoxicity. Ca (OH) 2 when mixed with water, a series of events occur with the adsorption of fibronectin to calcium crystals, as occurs after Ca (OH) 2 capping (Accorinte Mde L, Holland R, Reis A , Bortoluzzi MC, Murata SS, Dezan E. Jr., Souza V, Alessandro LD., Evaluation of aggregate trioxide mineral and calcium hydroxide cement as pulp-capping agents in human teeth. J Endod. 34 (1): 1-6. 2008) .
A hidroxiapatita e a cerâmica tricálcio-fosfato, (a-TCP), têm sido propostas e testadas como agentes para capeamento pulpar, in vivo. Esses materiais foram amplamente empregados como auxiliares do reparo ósseodevido à sua biocompatibilidade e capacidade de promover nova formação óssea. Investigações in vivo, em animais, mostraram que, em exposições pulpares, a deposição da ponte dentinária ocorre diretamente em contato com esses biomateriais de fosfato de cálcio, em contraste com a área necrótica inicial normalmente formada sob o hidróxido de cálcio. A hidroxiapatita permitiu, por meio de indução enzimática, a diferenciação dos fibroblastos em células mesenquimais antes de se transformarem em células responsáveis pela formação da ponte dentinária (Yoshiba K, Yoshiba N, Iwaku M. Histological observations of hard tissue barrier formation in amputated dental pulp capped with alpha-tricalcium phosphate containing calcium hydroxide. Endod Dent Traumatol. 10 (3):113-201994). 10-04-2008Hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate ceramics (α-TCP) have been proposed and tested as pulp capping agents in vivo. These materials have been widely used as bone repair aids due to their biocompatibility and ability to promote new bone formation. In vivo animal investigations have shown that in pulp exposures, dentin bridge deposition occurs directly in contact with these calcium phosphate biomaterials, in contrast to the initial necrotic area normally formed under calcium hydroxide. Hydroxyapatite allowed, by enzymatic induction, the differentiation of fibroblasts into mesenchymal cells before becoming cells responsible for the formation of the dentin bridge (Yoshiba K, Yoshiba N, Iwaku M. Histological observations of hard tissue barrier formation in amputated dental pulp. capped with alpha-tricalcium phosphate containing calcium hydroxide Endod Dent Traumatol 10 (3): 113-201994). 10-04-2008
As proteínas morfogenéticas BMPs e os fatores de crescimento TGF-p são conhecidos pelo seu potencial osteoindutor e, recentemente, muitas pesquisas têm sido feitas a fim de se compreender o papel dessas proteínas na regeneração de tecidos dentais, na diferenciação de células pulpares em células "tipo-odontoblastos" e na deposição de dentina reparadora {Tziafas D, Alvanou A, Panagiotakopoulos N, Smith AJ, Lesot H, Komnenou A, Ruch JV. Induction of odontoblastlike cell differentiation in dog dental pulps after in vivo implantation ofdentin matrix components. Arch Oral Biol 40: 883-893. 1995; Hu CC, Zhang C, Qian Q, Tatum NB. Reparative dentin formation in rat molars after direct pulp capping with growth factors. J Endod. 24(11):744-51. 1998).Morphogenetic BMP proteins and TGF-β growth factors are known for their osteoinductive potential and, recently, much research has been done to understand the role of these proteins in the regeneration of dental tissues, in the differentiation of pulp cells into cells. " odontoblasts "and restorative dentin deposition {Tziafas D, Alvanou A, Panagiotakopoulos N, AJ Smith, Lesot H, Komnenou A, Ruch JV. Induction of odontoblastlike cell differentiation in dog dental pulps after in vivo implantation ofdentin matrix components. Arch Oral Biol 40: 883-893. 1995; Hu CC, Zhang C, Qian Q, Tatum NB. Dentin formation in rat molars after direct pulp capping with growth factors. J Endod. 24 (11): 744-51. 1998).
Sistemas adesivos dentinários também foram testados no capeamento pulpar direto mostrando uma extensa resposta inflamatória (Silva GA, Lanza LD, Lopes-Júnior N, Moreira A, Alves JB. Oper Dent. Direct pulp capping with a dentin bonding system in human teeth: a clinicai and histological evaluation 31(3):297-307. 2006) e indireto (Falster CA, Araújo FB, Straffon LH, Nõr JE. Indirect pulp treatment: in vivo outcomes of an adhesive resin system vs calcium hydroxide for protection of the dentin-pulp complex. Pediatr Dent. 24(3):241-8. 2002).Dental adhesive systems have also been tested in direct pulp capping showing an extensive inflammatory response (Silva GA, Lanza LD, Lopes-Junior N, Moreira A, Alves JB. Operative Dent. Direct pulp capping with a human dentin bonding system: a clinical and histological evaluation 31 (3): 297-307. 2006) and indirect (Falster CA, Araújo FB, Straffon LH, No. JE. Indirect pulp treatment: in vivo outcomes of an adhesive resin system for calcium hydroxide protection pulp complex Pediatr Dent 24 (3): 241-8 (2002).
Os diversos materiais mencionados apresentam múltiplas deficiências, dentre elas a necrose superficial por coagulação do Hidróxido de cálcio Ca(OH)2 quando em contato com o tecido pulpar. As células pulpares sãodestruídas pelo alto pH do Ca(OH)2, como conseqüência disso, a futura ponte dentinária se localizará sob a zona de necrose tornando a ponte dentinária tubular e profunda.The various materials mentioned present multiple deficiencies, among them superficial necrosis by coagulation of calcium hydroxide Ca (OH) 2 when in contact with the pulp tissue. Pulp cells are destroyed by the high pH of Ca (OH) 2, as a result of this, the future dentin bridge will be located under the necrosis zone making the tubular dentin bridge deep.
As alterações do tecido pulpar a nível sangüíneo frente ao Agregado de Trióxido Mineral (MTA) é uma preocupação dos cientistas pelas conseqüências que traz ao organismo e na formação da nova ponte. Ainda existe falta de controle sobre todos os efeitos das proteínas morfogenéticas BMPs e os fatores de crescimento TGF-p, seu efeito mineralizador duradouro e o valor final do produto que é muito alto. Em relação aos sistemas adesivos, a citotóxicidade sobre a polpa dentaria faz dele um material sem aplicação direta na polpa. Em razão disso, a busca por um biomaterial mais próximo do ideal torna se numa necessidade crescente.The changes in pulp tissue at the blood level in front of the Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is a concern of scientists for the consequences it brings to the body and the formation of the new bridge. There is still a lack of control over all the effects of BMPs morphogenetic proteins and TGF-β growth factors, their long-lasting mineralizing effect and the very high final product value. Regarding adhesive systems, cytotoxicity on dental pulp makes it a material without direct application to the pulp. As a result, the search for a biomaterial closer to the ideal becomes a growing necessity.
Os princípios ativos obtidos das plantas medicinais transformados em fitoterápicos são mais uma opção para a terapia conservadora na aplicação nos tecidos corporais devido às suas propriedades regeneradoras, antiinflamatórias, analgésicas e antimicrobianas (Silva M I, Sousa F C, Gondim AP Herbal therapy in primary health care in Maracanaú, Ceará, Brazil.Ann Pharmacother. 39(7-8):1336-41. 2005; Villas Boas Gde K, Gadelha CA Opportunities in the pharmaceutical industry and the local development logic based on the Brazilian biomes: the basis for a national policy discussion Cad Saúde Publica. 23(6):1463-71. 2007)Active ingredients obtained from medicinal plants transformed into herbal medicines are another option for conservative therapy in the application to body tissues due to their regenerative, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antimicrobial properties (Silva MI, Sousa FC, Gondim AP Herbal therapy in primary health care in Maracanaú, Ceará, Brazil.Ann Pharmacother.39 (7-8): 1336-41. 2005; Villas Boas Gde K, Gadelha CA Opportunities in the pharmaceutical industry and local development logic based on the Brazilian biomes: the basis for a national policy discussion Cad Public Health 23 (6): 1463-71. 2007)
O Aloe vera L. apresenta propriedades antimicrobianas, antiinflamatórias e regenerativas. O Aloe vera L, denominado comumente como "babosa", é uma planta pertencente à família das liliaceae, assim como o lírio e o alho, e tem alto conteúdo de água semelhante ao cacto.Aloe vera L. has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties. Aloe vera L, commonly known as "aloe vera", is a plant belonging to the liliaceae family, as well as lily and garlic, and has a high water content similar to cactus.
O Aloe vera L, é um vegetal angiosperma, pertencente á família Liliacea como o lírio, alho, cebola e aspargos. É uma planta originária do mediterrâneo e no continente americano pode ser encontrada na América do Sul, América Central e as Antilhas. Existem mais de 350 espécies reconhecidas no mundo, sendo usadas como fitoterápicos: a Aloe succotrina, a Aloe africana, a Aloe saponaria, a Aloe Sinensis e a Aloe ferox com pontas aceradas. As propriedades terapêuticas têm sido atribuídas para as espécies Aloe vera L. e aAloe arborescens Miller (T. Reynolds T &. DweckA. Aloe vera leafgel: a review update Journal of Ethnopharmacology 68, 3-37. 1999).Aloe vera L is an angiosperm vegetable belonging to the Liliacea family such as lily, garlic, onion and asparagus. It is a plant originating from the Mediterranean and the American continent can be found in South America, Central America and the Antilles. There are more than 350 recognized species in the world, being used as herbal medicines: Aloe succotrina, Aloe africana, Aloe saponaria, Aloe Sinensis and Aloe ferox with sharp tips. Therapeutic properties have been attributed to Aloe vera L. and Aloe vera arborescens Miller species (T. Reynolds T &. DweckA. Aloe vera leafgel: a review update Journal of Ethnopharmacology 68, 3-37. 1999).
Os componentes da Aloe vera L. foram determinados na seguinte ordem: aminoácidos (Ácido Aspartico ácido Glutâmico, asparagina, alanina, isoleucina, fenilanina, treonina, prolina, valina, leucina, glutamina, serina, 3-Alanina, lisina, arginina, tirosina, cistina), minerais (cálcio, ferro, carbonato de potássio, magnésio, manganês, sódio, zinco, iodo), antraquinonas, enzimas, hormônios, ligninas, minerais, salicilatos, saponinas, esteróides, açúcares e vitaminas. Estes componentes foram obtidos da folha de Aloe vera L. Epidermes com seiva contida nos túbulos, a substância mucilaginosa com o gel branco localizado internamente.The components of Aloe vera L. were determined in the following order: amino acids (Glutamic acid aspartic acid, asparagine, alanine, isoleucine, phenylanine, threonine, proline, valine, leucine, glutamine, serine, 3-Alanine, lysine, arginine, tyrosine, cystine), minerals (calcium, iron, potassium carbonate, magnesium, manganese, sodium, zinc, iodine), anthraquinones, enzymes, hormones, lignins, minerals, salicylates, saponins, steroids, sugars and vitamins. These components were obtained from Aloe vera L. Epidermes leaf with sap contained in the tubules, the mucilaginous substance with the internally located white gel.
Os componentes estruturais da polpa da folha da Aloe vera L. Foram isolados e caracterizados por meio de cortes longitudinais e transversais (5 um) e coradas com azul de toluidina e observadas à microscopia de luz. O autor observou que a maior parte da polpa consistiu em água e que o pacote vascular está bem definido. (Ni Y, Turner D, Yates KM, Tizard I. Isolation and characterization of structural components of Aloe vera L. leaf pulp. Int Immunopharmacol. 4(14):1745-55. 2004).The structural components of Aloe vera L. leaf pulp were isolated and characterized by longitudinal and transverse sections (5 µm) and stained with toluidine blue and observed under light microscopy. The author noted that most of the pulp consisted of water and that the vascular package is well defined. (Ni Y, Turner D, Yates KM, Tizard I. Isolation and characterization of structural components of Aloe vera L. leaf pulp. Int Immunopharmacol. 4 (14): 1745-55. 2004).
O acemannan (ACM) é um polissacarídeo P(1-4)-acetilmannan extraído e isolado da polpa da folha do Aloe vera L. A este elemento atribui-se a maior parte a ação do Aloe vera L. de grande utilidade na cicatrização de feridas e nos tratamentos de fibrosarcomas em caninos e em felinos com resultados efetivos atribuídos as suas propriedades antitumorais e imunoestimulantes. Esse polissacarídeo induz à proliferação de macrófagos e a produção de citosinas como 11-1, II-6 e TNF-1 aumentando sua atividade fagocitária melhorando a resposta inflamatória (Zhang L, Tizard IR.Activation of a mouse macrophage cell Une by acemannan: the major carbohydrate fraction from Aloe vera gel. Immunopharmacology. 35(2):119-28. 1996; Djeraba A& Quere P, In vivo macrophage activation in chickens with Acemannan, a complex carbohydrate extracted from Aloe vera. Int J Immunopharmacol. 22(5):365-72. 2000).Acemannan (ACM) is a P (1-4) -acetilmannan polysaccharide extracted and isolated from Aloe vera L. leaf pulp. This element is largely attributed to the action of Aloe vera L. which is very useful in the healing of wounds and fibrosarcoma treatments in canines and felines with effective results attributed to their antitumor and immunostimulant properties. This polysaccharide induces macrophage proliferation and cytosine production such as 11-1, II-6 and TNF-1 increasing their phagocytic activity improving inflammatory response (Zhang L, Tizard IR) Activation of a mouse macrophage cell major carbohydrate fraction from Aloe vera gel Immunopharmacology 35 (2): 119-28 1996; Djeraba A & Quere P, In vivo macrophage activation in chickens with Acemannan, a complex carbohydrate extracted from Aloe vera Int J Immunopharmacol 22 (5 ): 365-72, 2000).
As propriedades imunoestimulantes do acemannan mediante a indução àmaturação de células dendriticas imaturas importantes na primeira linha de defesa do organismo (Lee JK, Lee MK, Yun YP, Kim Y, Kim JS, Kim YS, Kim K, Han SS, Lee CK: Acemannan purified from Aloe vera induces phenotypic and functional maturation of immature dendrític cells. Int J Immunopharmacol 1: 1275-1284. 2001)The immunostimulatory properties of acemannan by inducing immature dendritic cells important in the organism's first line of defense (Lee JK, Lee MK, Yun YP, Kim Y, Kim JS, Kim K, Han SS, Lee CK: Acemannan purified from Aloe vera induces phenotypic and functional maturation of immature dendritic cells (Int J Immunopharmacol 1: 1275-1284. 2001)
As propriedades bacteriostáticas, antifúngicas do Aloe vera L. foram determinadas com vários tipos de microorganismos. O Aloe vera L. em à composição de colutórios bucais são, possivelmente, pelas suas características antibacterianas e antiinflamatórias, uma boa alternativa para o controle da placa dental, diminuição da inflamação gengival (Habeeb F, ShakirE, Bradbury F, Cameron P, Taravatl MR, Drummond AJ, Gray Al, Ferro VA Screening methods used to determine the anti-microbial properties of Aloe vera innergel Methods.42 (4):315-320. 2007; Rosca-Casian O, Parvu M, Vlase L, Tamas M.Antifungal activity of Aloe vera leaves. Fitoterapia. 78(3):219-22. 2007).The bacteriostatic, antifungal properties of Aloe vera L. were determined with various types of microorganisms. Aloe vera L. em mouthwash composition is possibly due to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory characteristics, a good alternative for dental plaque control, decreased gingival inflammation (Habeeb F, ShakirE, Bradbury F, Cameron P, Taravatl MR , Drummond AJ, Gray Al, VA Iron Screening methods used to determine the antimicrobial properties of Aloe vera innergel Methods.42 (4): 315-320. 2007; Casian-O, Parvu M, Vlase L, Tamas M. Antifungal activity of Aloe vera leaves Phytotherapy 78 (3): 219-22.
O >4/oe vera L. tem efeito analgésico e antiinflamatório pela via carboxipeptidase que inibe a bradicinina, salicilatos, lactato de magnésio e inibidores de tromboxano A2. O lactato de magnésio inibe in vivo a conversão da histidina em histamina dentro das células do tecido conjuntivo denominado mastócitos e atua ao inibir a histidina descarboxilase. A histamina é conhecida como um vasodilatador gerado pelo organismo em contato com um antígeno, causando edema acompanhado de prurido, os quais são sinais de alergia. Esta ação fornece ao Aloe vera L propriedades antipruriginosas e antialérgicas efetivas contra queimaduras, úlceras provocadas por radiação, picadas de insetos e hematomas. (Yagi A, Kabash A, Mizuno K, Moustafa SM, Khalifa TI, Tsuji H. Radical scavenging glycoprotein inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 and thromboxane A2 synthase from aloe vera gel. Planta Med. 69(3):269-71. 2003; Vázquez B, Ávila G, Segura D, Escalante B. Antiinflammatory activity of extracts from Aloe vera gel. J Ethnopharmacol. Dec;55(1):69-75.1996).> 4 / oe vera L. has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect via the carboxypeptidase pathway that inhibits bradykinin, salicylates, magnesium lactate and thromboxane A2 inhibitors. Magnesium lactate inhibits the conversion of histidine to histamine in vivo within connective tissue cells called mast cells and acts by inhibiting histidine decarboxylase. Histamine is known as a vasodilator generated by the body in contact with an antigen, causing edema accompanied by itching, which are signs of allergy. This action gives Aloe vera L effective antipruritic and antiallergic properties against burns, radiation ulcers, insect bites and bruising. (Yagi A, Kabash A, Mizuno K, Moustafa SM, Khalifa IT, Tsuji H. Radical scavenging glycoprotein inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 and thromboxane A2 synthase from aloe vera gel. Plant Med. 69 (3): 269-71. 2003; Vazquez B, Avila G, Safe D, Escalante B. Antiinflammatory activity of extracts from Aloe vera gel J Ethnopharmacol Dec; 55 (1): 69-75.1996).
O Aloe vera apresenta efeito antioxidativo quando usado na suplementação da dieta com Aloe vera L em ratos, este estúdio mostrou que o colesterol hepático foi suprimido significativamente em aproximadamente 30%, o qual significou uma diminuição do dano produzido pelos radicais livres (LimBO, Seong A/S, Choue RW, Kim JD, Lee HY, Kim SY, Yu BP, Jeon TI, Park DK. Efficacy of dietary aloe vera supplementation on hepatic cholesterol and oxidative status in aged rats. J Nutr Sei Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2003 Aug;49(4):292-6; Keyhanian S, Stahl-Biskup Phenolic constituents in dried flowers of aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) and their in vitro antioxidative capacity. Planta Med.;73(6):599-602. 2007).Aloe vera has an antioxidant effect when used in Aloe vera L diet supplementation in rats, this studio showed that liver cholesterol was significantly suppressed by approximately 30%, which meant a decrease in free radical damage (LimBO, Seong A / S, Choue RW, Kim JD, Lee HY, Kim SY, Yu BP, Jeon TI, Park DK Efficacy of dietary aloe vera supplementation on hepatic cholesterol and oxidative status in aged rats J Nutr Sei Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2003 Aug 49 (4): 292-6; Keyhanian S, Stahl-Biskup Phenolic constituents in dried flowers of aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) and their in vitro antioxidative capacity. Plant Med.; 73 (6): 599-602. 2007) .
O efeito anti-ulceroso foi determinado usando os princípios ativos do Aloe vera no tratamento da úlcera péptica (Eamlamnam K, Patumraj S, Visedopas N, Thong-Ngam D. Effects of Aloe vera and sucralfate on gastric microcirculatory changes, cytokine leveis and gastric ulcer healing in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 7;12(13):2034-9. 2006; Yusuf S, Agunu A, Diana MThe effect of Aloe vera A. Berger (Liliaceae) on gastric acid secretion and acute gastric mucosal injury in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. Jul;93(1):33-7. 2004)The anti-ulcer effect was determined using the active ingredients of Aloe vera in the treatment of peptic ulcer (Eamlamnam K, Patumraj S, Visedopas N, Thong-Ngam D. Effects of Aloe vera and sucralfate on gastric microcirculatory changes, mild cytokine and gastric ulcer. healing in rats World J Gastroenterol 7; 12 (13): 2034-9 2006; Yusuf S, Agunu A, Diana MThe effect of Aloe vera A. Berger (Liliaceae) on gastric acid secretion and acute gastric mucosal injury in rats J Ethnopharmacol, Jul; 93 (1): 33-7, 2004)
Ainda, o Aloe é considerado um agente promotor de regeneração celular tanto no tratamento de pacientes com alterações de pele in vivo, quanto na regeneração de fibroblastos (Abdullah KM, Abdullah A, Johnson ML, Bilski JJ, Petry K, Redmer DA, Reynolds LP, Grazul-Bilska AT Effects of Aloe vera on gap junctional intercellular communication and proliferation of human diabetic and nondiabetic skin fibroblasts. J Altern Complement Med. 9(5):711-8. 2003; Maenthaisong R, Chaiyakunapruk N, Niruntraporn S, Kongkaew C. The efficacy of aloe vera used for burn wound healing: a systematic review. 33(6):713-8. 2007).In addition, Aloe is considered a cell regeneration promoting agent both in the treatment of patients with in vivo skin changes and fibroblast regeneration (Abdullah KM, Abdullah A, Johnson ML, Bilski JJ, Petry K, Reynolds LP , Grazul-Bilska AT Effects of Aloe vera on junctional intercellular gap communication and proliferation of human diabetic and nondiabetic skin fibroblasts J Altern Complement Med. 9 (5): 711-8 2003; Maenthaisong R, Chaiyakunapruk N, Niruntraporn S, Kongkaew C. The efficacy of aloe vera used for burn wound healing: a systematic review 33 (6): 713-8.
Formulações de Aloe vera demonstraram ter com efeito laxante efetivo. (Odes HS, Madar Z. A double-blind trial of a celandin, aloevera and psyllium laxative preparation in adult patients with constipation. Digestion. 49(2):65-71. 1991; Brusick D, Mengs U. Assessment of the genotoxic risk from laxative senna produets. Environ Mol Mutagen. 29(1):1-9. 1997)Aloe vera formulations have been shown to have an effective laxative effect. (Odes HS, Madar Z. A double-blind trial of a celandin, aloevera and psyllium laxative preparation in adult patients with constipation. Digestion. 49 (2): 65-71. 1991; Brusick D, Mengs U. Assessment of the genotoxic risk from laxative senna produets Environ Mol Mutagen 29 (1): 1-9 (1997)
O Aloe vera tem sido usado na odontologia em muitas aplicações, a literatura mostra tratamentos nos casos de sensibilidade dentinária usando pastas de dentes que contêm Aloe vera L. e alantoin. Preparações de Aloe Vera tem sido usadas para o tratamento de gengivite na área de Periodontia, esse estudo avaliou 40 pacientes jovens os quais usaram colutórios contendoAloe vera L na sua composição. Os resultados mostraram diminuição significativa da formação de placa bacteriana e da inflamação gengival. Ainda , foi relatada na área de Cirurgia, um estudo em 607 pacientes com indicação de exodontia, após realizada a cirurgia foi colocado um hidrogel a base de Aloe vera L. os resultados mostraram diminuição da incidência de osteíte alveolar (Poor MR, Hall JE, Poor AS. Reduction in the incidence of alveolar osteitis in patients treated with the SaliCept patch, containing Acemannan hydrogel. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 60(4):374-9; 2002).Aloe vera has been used in dentistry in many applications, the literature shows treatments in dentin sensitivity cases using toothpastes containing Aloe vera L. and alantoin. Aloe Vera preparations have been used for the treatment of gingivitis in the Periodontics area, this study evaluated 40 young patients who used mouthwash containing Aloe vera L in its composition. Results showed a significant decrease in plaque formation and gingival inflammation. Also, in the area of Surgery, a study in 607 patients with indication of extraction was reported. After surgery, a hydrogel based on Aloe vera L. was placed. The results showed a decrease in the incidence of alveolar osteitis (Poor MR, Hall JE, Poor AS Reduction in the incidence of alveolar osteitis in patients treated with the SaliCept patch, containing Acemannan hydrogel J Oral Maxillofac Surg 60 (4): 374-9; 2002).
O depósito de patente US 7,250,174 diz respeito a novos produtos cosméticos, de cuidado pessoal, agentes de limpeza e biocida, alimentos funcionais e composições nutricionais suplementares. Essas novas composições incorporam vidros bioativos. Além disso o Aloe pode estar presente nos métodos de preparação e no uso de tais composições.US Patent 7,250,174 relates to new cosmetic, personal care, cleaning and biocidal agents, functional foods and supplemental nutritional compositions. These new compositions incorporate bioactive glasses. Furthermore Aloe may be present in the preparation methods and in the use of such compositions.
O processo de fabricação de aloe em gel obtido do sumo filtrado das folhas da planta Aloe vera foram foram descritos no depósito de patente US 7,329,421.The process of making aloe gel obtained from the filtered juice of the leaves of the Aloe vera plant were described in US patent application 7,329,421.
Uma formulação para liberação de agentes químicos na forma de spray ou esponja estável contendo Aloe vera foi descrita (USP 7,060,253.).Esse sistema para aplicação tópica destinado à higiene dental pode consistir em um dispensador de aerossol.A stable Aloe vera-containing spray or sponge release chemical formulation has been described (USP 7,060,253.) This system for topical application for dental hygiene may consist of an aerosol dispenser.
O depósito de patente USP 7,083,779 diz respeito a um método para preparação de produto à base de ervas e xilitol, podendo conter Aloe vera. Os autores ainda relatam que a formulação pode tratar gengivite e periodontite.USP Patent Application 7,083,779 relates to a method for preparing herbal and xylitol based products which may contain Aloe vera. The authors also report that the formulation can treat gingivitis and periodontitis.
Embora existam no estado da técnica diversas composições farmacêuticas contendo Aloe vera, nenhuma destas propõe o uso da mesma para manutenção da integridade pulpar que propiciaria a migração de células mesenquimais indiferenciadas, induzindo à formação de dentina terciária no complexo dentino-pulpar. Além disso as supracitadas não descrevem aplicação das composições farmacêuticas em contato com os tecidos conetivos.Although there are several Aloe vera-containing pharmaceutical compositions in the state of the art, none of them propose the use of the same for maintaining pulp integrity that would allow the migration of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, inducing the formation of tertiary dentin in the dentin-pulp complex. Furthermore, the above do not describe application of the pharmaceutical compositions in contact with the connective tissues.
No entanto essa patente não relata nenhuma aplicação odontológica específica. Porém esse método não usa liofilização e não relata aplicações específicas para capeamento dental. Essa aplicação não relata ser promotorade regeneração tecidual e capeamento pulpar. Contudo, essa patente não descreve aplicação para estar em contato com os tecidos conetivos.However, this patent does not report any specific dental application. However, this method does not use lyophilization and does not report specific applications for dental capping. This application does not report being a promoter of tissue regeneration and pulp capping. However, this patent does not describe application to be in contact with connective tissues.
Uma das maiores vantagens da tecnologia apresentada nesta tecnologia está relacionada ao caráter promotor de regeneração de tecidos associado à formulação liofilizada, sendo que esta atividade é altamente biocompatível. Dessa forma, um capeamento pulpar, por exemplo, realizado pelas atuais técnicas de aplicação de Aloe vera, apresentará a vantagem de possuir um mecanismo altamente biocompatível associado, permitindo assim que possa agir de forma protetora sobre os tecidos pulpares expostos. Obteve-se um maior controle do reparo dentinário, uma vez que os íons contidos no Aloe poderão induzir o reparo do tecido conectivo.One of the major advantages of the technology presented in this technology is related to the tissue regeneration promoting character associated with the lyophilized formulation, and this activity is highly biocompatible. Thus, a pulp capping, for example, performed by current Aloe vera application techniques, will have the advantage of having a highly biocompatible mechanism associated, thus allowing it to act protectively on exposed pulp tissues. Greater control of dentinal repair was achieved, since the ions contained in Aloe may induce connective tissue repair.
Além disso, o caráter antimicrobiano da formulação proposta nesta invenção será bastante útil na prevenção da colonização de microorganismos em matrizes ou transportadores de fármacos e outros artigos de para transporte de células destinadas ao uso clínico-hospitalar. O uso em lesões dermatológicas também será de bastante valia, prevenindo ou funcionando como agente terapêutico em diversos tipos de infecções.In addition, the antimicrobial character of the formulation proposed in this invention will be very useful in preventing colonization of microorganisms in drug matrices or carriers and other cell transport articles intended for clinical and hospital use. The use in dermatological lesions will also be very useful, preventing or working as a therapeutic agent in various types of infections.
Devido às propriedades do Aloe vera L, a presente invenção também possibilita a manutenção da integridade pulpar e propicia a migração de células mesenquimais indiferenciadas, induzindo à formação de dentina terciária no complexo dentino-pulpar.Due to the properties of Aloe vera L, the present invention also enables the maintenance of pulp integrity and enables the migration of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, inducing the formation of tertiary dentin in the dentin-pulp complex.
A presente invenção pode ser melhor compreendida através dos seguintes exemplos:The present invention may be better understood by the following examples:
Exemplo 1. Atividade antimicrobiana de uma preparação farmacêutica a base de Aloe Vera liofilizadaExample 1. Antimicrobial Activity of a Lyophilized Aloe Vera Pharmaceutical Preparation
Os resultados da atividade antimicrobiana estão apresentados na Tabela 1 e 2. Dos materiais testados em ordem decrescente de atividade, em todos os períodos de tempo avaliados, o Aloe vera L. liofilizado mostrou ser o mais eficaz inibição do crescimento bacteriano. Esse foi seguido pelo gel de Aloe vera L. 10% com hidroxietil-celulose ao 2% e do sumo obtido diretamente da folha. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante na atividade antimicrobiana da preparação liofilizada sobre as outras duas preparações (p<0,05).O Aloe vera L. liofilizado 30 mg apresenta-se efetivo como agente antimicrobiano natural com um halo de inibição de 12.5+1 mm.The results of antimicrobial activity are presented in Tables 1 and 2. Of the materials tested in decreasing order of activity, at all time periods evaluated, lyophilized Aloe vera L. proved to be the most effective inhibition of bacterial growth. This was followed by Aloe vera L. 10% gel with 2% hydroxyethyl cellulose and the juice obtained directly from the leaf. There was a statistically significant difference in the antimicrobial activity of the lyophilized preparation over the other two preparations (p <0.05). Lyophilized Aloe vera L. 30 mg is effective as a natural antimicrobial agent with an inhibition halo of 12.5 + 1 mm.
Em geral, a atividade antimicrobiana demonstrada pelo método empregado nesta pesquisa foi bacteriostática frente a bactérias e antifúngica 5 frente aos fungos e essa ação foi eficaz nas primeiras 24 horas.In general, the antimicrobial activity demonstrated by the method employed in this research was bacteriostatic against bacteria and antifungal 5 against fungi and this action was effective in the first 24 hours.
Das três preparações testadas in vitro se determinou que a melhor de todas foi o Aloe vera L liofilizada, em peso de 30 mg, verificando-se um halo de inibição de 12.5±1 mm em media nos microorganismos testados, por tanto, cumprindo com as normas e hierarquia na pesquisa experimental este material será usada 10 no experimento in vivo avaliando histologicamente a resposta pulpar após capeamento pulpar direto.Of the three preparations tested in vitro it was determined that the best of all was lyophilized Aloe vera L, by weight of 30 mg, with an inhibition halo of 12.5 ± 1 mm in average in the tested microorganisms, thus complying with the Standards and Hierarchy in Experimental Research This material will be used 10 in the in vivo experiment to histologically evaluate the pulp response after direct pulp capping.
Tabela 1. Média dos halos de inibição em milímetros, após 6 horas (n=3).<table>table see original document page 13</column></row><table>Os resultados da atividade antimicrobiana com preparações de Aloe vera L. podem ser visualizados na Figura 1. Esta figura apresenta os halos de inibição no teste de difusão em ágar da atividade antimicrobiana com preparações de Abe vera L. frente Actinobacillus actinomycetencomitans (1) Aloe lioflizado, (2) água, (3) álcool, (4) Aloe sumo (5) controle positivo: após 6 h (A); 12h (B); 18 h (C) e 24 h (D).Table 1. Average inhibition halos in millimeters after 6 hours (n = 3). <table> table see original document page 13 </column> </row> <table> Results of antimicrobial activity with Aloe vera preparations L. can be seen in Figure 1. This figure shows the inhibition halos in the agar diffusion test of antimicrobial activity with preparations of Abe vera L. front Actinobacillus actinomycetencomitans (1) freeze-dried aloe, (2) water, (3) alcohol , (4) Aloe juice (5) Positive control: after 6 h (A); 12h (B); 18 h (C) and 24 h (D).
Exemplo2Example2
Capeamento pulpar com Aloe vera L. liofilizado em dente de rato Resposta pulpar com Aloe vera L. liofilizado após 1 diaPulp capping with Aloe vera L. lyophilized in rat tooth Pulp response with Aloe vera L. lyophilized after 1 day
Um dia após a exposição e capeamento pulpar 100% dos cortes, observou-se na área da exposição infiltrado inflamatório agudo (PMN). Subjacente ao infiltrado agudo, tecido conjuntivo frouxo com vasos hiperemiados e áreas de hemorragia.One day after exposure and capping pulp 100% of the cuts, it was observed in the area of exposure acute inflammatory infiltrate (PMN). Underlying acute infiltrate, loose connective tissue with hyperemic vessels and areas of bleeding.
Resposta pulpar com Aloe vera L. após 7 dias No sétimo dia, observou-se, em 100% dos cortes analisados, infiltrado inflamatório agudo (PMN) no local da exposição com mínimas áreas de necrose, e subjacentemente, foi verificado infiltrado inflamatório crônico moderado, vasos hiperemiados e áreas de hemorragia. O restante da polpa apresentou-se compatível com as características normais do tecido conjuntivo frouxo.Pulp response with Aloe vera L. after 7 days On the seventh day, acute inflammatory infiltrate (PMN) at the site of exposure with minimal areas of necrosis was observed in 100% of the analyzed sections, and underlying chronic inflammatory infiltrate was found. , hyperemia vessels and areas of hemorrhage. The remaining pulp was compatible with the normal characteristics of loose connective tissue.
Resposta pulpar com Aloe vera L.após14 diasPulp response with Aloe vera L. after 14 days
Aos 14 dias após capeamento com Aloe vera L, observou-se na área de exposição infiltrado inflamatório crônico escasso em todos os cortes, subjacentemente formação de tecido mineralizado. PMN neutrófilos ocasionais, vasos dilatados e hiperemiados. O tecido pulpar restante apresentou-se compatível com a normalidade.At 14 days after capping with Aloe vera L, scarce chronic inflammatory infiltrate was observed in the exposure area in all sections, underlying mineralized tissue formation. Occasional neutrophil PMN, dilated and hyperemic vessels. The remaining pulp tissue was compatible with normality.
Resposta pulpar com Aloe vera L .após 30 dias Trinta dias após o capeamento pulpar com Aloe vera L, os cortes histológicos mostraram área com infiltrado agudo (PMN) próxima à exposição em 70% dasamostras. Por outro lado, 87% dos cortes mostraram o começo de formação de tecido mineralizada formando uma ponte entre as extremidades dentinárias da exposição. Subjacentemente, observou-se camada de odontoblastos aparentemente se organizando, infiltrado inflamatório crônico moderado, vasos hiperemiados e uma alta atividade metabólica do tecido pulpar.Pulp response with Aloe vera L. After 30 days Thirty days after Aloe vera L pulp capping, histological sections showed an area with acute infiltrate (PMN) close to exposure in 70% of the samples. On the other hand, 87% of the sections showed the beginning of mineralized tissue formation by bridging the dentinal ends of the exposure. Subsequently, apparently organized odontoblast layer, moderate chronic inflammatory infiltrate, hyperemia vessels, and high pulp tissue metabolic activity were observed.
Tais constatações são vislumbradas na Figura 2, que apresenta o corte histológico do dente de rato capeado com Aloe vera L liofilizado após 30 dias, (A) Aumento 10X: (a) Exposição pulpar; (b) sustância mineralizada (c) vasos dilatados (B) 40X, (a) Exposição pulpar, (b) tecido mineralizado (C) 40X, (a) camada mais superficial de tecido mineralizado (D) 40X, (a) camada mais profunda de tecido mineralizado, (b) reorganização da camada de odontoblastos (c) vasos hiperemiados. (5^) H&E.These findings are shown in Figure 2, which shows the histological section of the lyophilized Aloe vera L-capped rat tooth after 30 days, (A) 10X magnification: (a) Pulp exposure; (b) mineralized substance (c) dilated vessels (B) 40X, (a) pulp exposure, (b) mineralized tissue (C) 40X, (a) more superficial layer of mineralized tissue (D) 40X, (a) higher layer deep tissue mineralization, (b) reorganization of the odontoblast layer (c) hyperemic vessels. (5) H&E.
Capeamento pulpar direto com Ca(OH)2 em dentes de ratos Resposta pulpar com Ca(OH)2 após 1 diaCa (OH) 2 pulp direct capping in rat teeth Ca (OH) 2 pulp response after 1 day
Em 100% dos cortes histológicos notou-se, no primeiro dia após capeamento com Ca(OH)2, tecido pulpar desorganizado na área de exposição que sugere necrose. Subjacente, presença de infiltrado inflamatório agudo de PMN é evidente e os vasos apresentam-se hiperemiados.In 100% of the histological sections, disorganized pulp tissue in the exposure area suggesting necrosis was observed on the first day after Ca (OH) 2 capping. Underlying, presence of acute inflammatory PMN infiltrate is evident and the vessels are hyperemic.
Resposta pulpar com Ca(OH)2 após 7 diasPulp response with Ca (OH) 2 after 7 days
Após 7 dias de capeamento, observou-se em 43,7% dos cortes, infiltrado crônico moderado, neutrófilos ocasionais e áreas de edema subjacente ao local de exposição, enquanto ocorreu infiltrado inflamatório agudo no local imediato à exposição com capeamento pulpar. Por outro lado, 56,3% dos cortes histológicos observados, apresentaram infiltrado inflamatório crônico moderado e necrose superficial na área da comunicação. O restante do tecido pulpar mostrou estruturas compatíveis com a normalidade.After 7 days of capping, moderate chronic infiltrate, occasional neutrophils, and areas of edema underlying the site of exposure occurred in 43.7% of the sections, while acute inflammatory infiltrate occurred immediately after pulp capping. On the other hand, 56.3% of the histological sections observed presented moderate chronic inflammatory infiltrate and superficial necrosis in the communication area. The rest of the pulp tissue showed structures compatible with normality.
Resposta pulpar com Ca(OH)2 após 14 diasPulp response with Ca (OH) 2 after 14 days
No 14° dia, 100% dos cortes observados apresentaram infiltrado inflamatório crônico moderado e formação de estrutura mineralizada bloqueando a área de exposição pulpar. Subjacentemente observou-se macrófagos, vasos hiperemiados, tecido conjuntivo frouxo e reestruturação da camada de odontoblastos limitando a porção interna da estrutura mineralizada.Resposta pulpar com Ca(OH)2 após 30 diasOn the 14th day, 100% of the observed sections had moderate chronic inflammatory infiltrate and mineralized structure formation blocking the pulp exposure area. Underlying macrophages, hyperemic vessels, loose connective tissue and odontoblast layer restructuring were observed to limit the internal portion of the mineralized structure. Ca (OH) 2 pulp response after 30 days
Após 30 dias, 100% dos cortes histológicos apresentaram ponte de tecido mineralizado mais organizada, camada de odontoblastos na face interna da ponte mineralizada, infiltrado inflamatório crônico variando de escasso a moderado e vasos hiperemiados. O tecido pulpar adjacente, bem como o restante da polpa, apresentou-se histologicamente sem alterações.After 30 days, 100% of the histological sections presented more organized mineralized tissue bridge, odontoblast layer on the inner face of the mineralized bridge, chronic inflammatory infiltrate ranging from scarce to moderate and hyperemic vessels. The adjacent pulp tissue, as well as the rest of the pulp, was histologically unchanged.
Capeamento pulpar direto com o controle negativo em dentes de rato Resposta pulpar com o controle negativo após 1 dia Os cortes de estrutura dentária do grupo controle mostraram, no primeiro dia após a exposição pulpar, desorganização tecidual no local da exposição e, subjacentemente, observou-se vasos hiperemiados, áreas de hemorragia e escasso infiltrado de polimorfonucleares neutrófilos (PMN).Direct pulp capping with negative control in rat teeth Pulp response with negative control after 1 day The dental structure sections of the control group showed, on the first day after pulp exposure, tissue disorganization at the exposure site and, underlyingly, if hyperemic vessels, areas of hemorrhage, and sparse neutrophil polymorphonuclear (PMN) infiltrate.
Resposta pulpar com o controle negativo após 7 dias Aos 7 dias após capeamento com o controle negativo, observou-se tecido desorganizado, o que sugere necrose e infiltrado agudo predominantemente. Subjacentemente observa-se a presença de vasos hiperemiados, dilatados e tecido conjuntivo frouxo.Pulp response with negative control after 7 days At 7 days after negative control capping, disorganized tissue was observed, suggesting predominantly acute necrosis and infiltrate. Underlying is the presence of hyperemic, dilated vessels and loose connective tissue.
Resposta pulpar com o controle negativo após 14 dias No décimo quarto dia, observou-se necrose extensa do tecido, infiltrado inflamatório agudo, vasos dilatados e hiperemiados predominando na maior extensão da polpa. Infiltrado inflamatório crônico moderado foi observado subjacente à área lesada.Pulp response with negative control after 14 days On the fourteenth day, extensive tissue necrosis, acute inflammatory infiltrate, dilated and hyperemic vessels predominated over the largest extent of the pulp. Moderate chronic inflammatory infiltrate was observed underlying the injured area.
Resposta pulpar com o controle negativo após 30 dias No trigésimo dia após a exposição pulpar, o grupo controle mostrou tecido pulpar desorganizado em toda a sua extensão, sugerindo necrose total do tecido pulpar.Pulp response with negative control after 30 days On the thirtieth day after pulp exposure, the control group showed disorganized pulp tissue to its full extent, suggesting total pulp tissue necrosis.
Conclui-se, portanto, que não houve diferença significativa entre o Aloe vera L. e o Ca(OH)2.Therefore, it was concluded that there was no significant difference between Aloe vera L. and Ca (OH) 2.
Breve descrição das figurasBrief Description of the Figures
Figura 1. Halos de inibição no teste de difusão em ágar da atividade antimicrobiana com preparações de Aloe vera L. frente Actinobacillus actinomycetencomitans (1) Aloe lioflizado, (2) água, (3) álcool, (4) Aloe sumo(5) controle positivo: após 6 h (A); 12h (B); 18 h (C) e 24 h (D).Figure 1. Inhibition halos in the agar diffusion test of antimicrobial activity with Aloe vera L. preparations. Actinobacillus actinomycetencomitans (1) lyophilized aloe, (2) water, (4) aloe juice (5) control positive: after 6 h (A); 12h (B); 18 h (C) and 24 h (D).
Figura 2. Corte histológico do dente de rato capeado com Aloe vera L liofilizado após 30 dias, (A) Aumento 10X: (a) Exposição pulpar; (b) sustância 5 mineralizada (c) vasos dilatados (B) 40X, (a) Exposição pulpar, (b) tecido mineralizado (C) 40X, (a) camada mais superficial de tecido mineralizado (D) 40X, (a) camada mais profunda de tecido mineralizado, (b) reorganização da camada de odontoblastos (c) vasos hiperemiados. (5u) H&E.Figure 2. Histological section of lyophilized Aloe vera L-capped rat tooth after 30 days, (A) 10X magnification: (a) Pulp exposure; (b) mineralized substance 5 (c) dilated vessels (B) 40X, (a) pulp exposure, (b) mineralized tissue (C) 40X, (a) more superficial layer of mineralized tissue (D) 40X, (a) layer deeper of mineralized tissue, (b) reorganization of the odontoblast layer (c) hyperemic vessels. (5u) H&E.
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