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BRPI0808718A2 - HIGH FLEXIBILITY GAS AND LIQUID AIR GAS PRODUCTION PROCESS AND APPARATUS BY CRYOGENIC DISTILLATION - Google Patents

HIGH FLEXIBILITY GAS AND LIQUID AIR GAS PRODUCTION PROCESS AND APPARATUS BY CRYOGENIC DISTILLATION Download PDF

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Publication number
BRPI0808718A2
BRPI0808718A2 BRPI0808718-0A BRPI0808718A BRPI0808718A2 BR PI0808718 A2 BRPI0808718 A2 BR PI0808718A2 BR PI0808718 A BRPI0808718 A BR PI0808718A BR PI0808718 A2 BRPI0808718 A2 BR PI0808718A2
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BR
Brazil
Prior art keywords
pressure
turbine
compressor
air
temperature
Prior art date
Application number
BRPI0808718-0A
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Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Alain Guillard
Patrick Lebot
Xavier Pontone
Original Assignee
Air Liquide
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Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide filed Critical Air Liquide
Publication of BRPI0808718A2 publication Critical patent/BRPI0808718A2/en
Publication of BRPI0808718B1 publication Critical patent/BRPI0808718B1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F25J3/04139—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/04054—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
    • F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
    • F25J3/04175—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities at a pressure of substantially more than the highest pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04303—Lachmann expansion, i.e. expanded into oxygen producing or low pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04381—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04393—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using multiple or multistage gas work expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/40—Air or oxygen enriched air, i.e. generally less than 30mol% of O2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
    • F25J2240/04—Multiple expansion turbines in parallel

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Description

PROCESSO E APARELHO DE PRODUÇÃO DE GASES DO AR SOB FORMA GASOSA E LÍQUIDA COM ALTA FLEXIBILIDADE POR DESTILAÇÃOHIGH FLEXIBILITY GAS AND LIQUID AIR GAS PRODUCTION PROCESS AND APPARATUS

CRIOGENICACRIOGENIC

Os processos tradicionais de produção de gases do ar sob forma líquida ou gasosa apresentavam arquiteturas de processos distintas. Assim encontrava-se:Traditional processes of producing air gases in liquid or gaseous form had different process architectures. It was like this:

um aparelho de separação do ar produzindo os constituintes principais (O2, N2, Ar) , em pressão atmosférica ou ligeiramente superior;an air separation apparatus producing the major constituents (O2, N2, Ar) at or slightly above atmospheric pressure;

- uma etapa de compressão dos produtos por meio de- a step of compressing the products by means of

compressores;compressors;

- um ciclo independente de liquefação de nitrogênio permitindo produzir todo ou parte de cada um dos constituintes sob forma líquida, se necessário.- an independent nitrogen liquefaction cycle allowing the production of all or part of each constituent in liquid form if necessary.

Esta configuração permitia uma grande flexibilidade deThis configuration allowed great flexibility of

utilização, pois cada uma das três "funções" utilizadas (separação, compressão, liquefação) podiam ser funcionadas ou paradas de maneira independente sem afetar o funcionamento das duas outras.each of the three "functions" used (separation, compression, liquefaction) could be operated or stopped independently without affecting the operation of the other two.

No entanto, esta configuração sofre de uma falta deHowever, this configuration suffers from a lack of

competitividade importante, tendo em conta o custo muito elevado desta arquitetura, o que exige um aparelho por função.competitiveness, given the very high cost of this architecture, which requires one device per function.

Os processos mais recentes de produção de gases do ar, 25 que chamamos processos integrados, apresentam a vantagem de poder combinar em só um equipamento estas três funções. Os aparelhos ditos "à bomba", incluindo os ciclos de expansão de ar ou eventualmente de nitrogênio, permitem produzir a partir do mesmo equipamento os constituintes do ar sob 3 0 forma gasosa sob pressão e líquido. Entre estes, o processo com patamares de vaporização deslocados para emitir produtos sob pressão, tais como descritos na patente EP-A-0504029 ou ainda FR-A-2688052, são particularmente interessantes, pois permitem a 5 combinação destas funções a partir de um único compressor de ar, a alta pressão. A eficácia energética do conjunto é comparável ao processo tradicional e o investimento é grandemente diminuído.The latest air-gas production processes, 25 which we call integrated processes, have the advantage that they can combine all three functions into one piece of equipment. The so-called "pump" appliances, including air or possibly nitrogen expansion cycles, make it possible to produce air pressure and liquid constituents from the same equipment. Among these, the process with displaced vaporization thresholds to emit pressurized products as described in EP-A-0504029 or FR-A-2688052 is particularly interesting as they allow the combination of these functions from a single air compressor, high pressure. The energy efficiency of the set is comparable to the traditional process and the investment is greatly reduced.

Em contrapartida a flexibilidade de produção é afetada pela combinação "3 em 1" das funções, e poderá-se mais dificilmente operar ou parar uma função sem afetar o conj unto.In contrast, production flexibility is affected by the "3 in 1" combination of functions, and it is more difficult to operate or stop a function without affecting the whole.

O objetivo desta invenção é poder combinar as vantagens econômicas dos processos integrados, conservando ao mesmo tempo a adaptação e a flexibilidade oferecida pelos processos tradicionais.The aim of this invention is to be able to combine the economic advantages of integrated processes while retaining the adaptability and flexibility offered by traditional processes.

De acordo com a invenção, é previsto um processo de produção de pelo menos um gás do ar por destilação criogênica em um sistema de colunas compreendendo peloAccording to the invention, there is provided a process of producing at least one cryogenic distillation air gas in a column system comprising at least one

2 0 menos uma coluna de pressão média operando a uma pressão2 0 minus an average pressure column operating at a pressure

média e uma coluna de pressão baixa operando a uma pressão baixa, termicamente ligadas entre si na qual em um primeiro e um segundo modo de funcionamento:medium and a low pressure column operating at a low pressure, thermally bonded together in which in a first and a second mode of operation:

a) a totalidade de uma vazão de ar comprimido é levada a uma alta pressão, pelo menos 500 kPa acima da pressão da(a) the entire flow of compressed air is brought to a high pressure at least 500 kPa above the pressure of the

coluna de pressão média, e depurada a esta alta pressão, chamada pressão principal;medium pressure column, and purified at this high pressure, called main pressure;

b) esta pressão principal é eventualmente variável em função das produções pedidas;(b) this main pressure may vary depending on the production requested;

3 0 c) uma primeira parte da vazão de ar em pelo menos na pressão principal é resfriada em uma linha de troca até uma temperatura intermediária e é expandida em pelo menos uma primeira turbina;C) a first part of the air flow at at least at the main pressure is cooled on an exchange line to an intermediate temperature and is expanded by at least one first turbine;

d) eventualmente uma segunda parte da vazão de ar é expandida em pelo menos uma segunda turbina (21B) cujasd) optionally a second part of the air flow is expanded into at least one second turbine (21B) whose

condições de admissão e de descarga difere de mais de 500 kPa e de mais de 150C ou são idênticas em termos de pressão e temperatura as da primeira turbina;intake and discharge conditions differ from more than 500 kPa and over 150C or are identical in pressure and temperature to those of the first turbine;

e) eventualmente o trabalho fornecido pela primeira ou uma terceira turbina serve pelo menos parcialmente aoe) optionally the work provided by the first or third turbine serves at least partially to the

trabalho requerido por um compressor;work required by a compressor;

f) a pressão de admissão da primeira turbina é muito sensivelmente superior à pressão média e eventualmente superior à pressão principal;f) the inlet pressure of the first turbine is much more than the average pressure and possibly higher than the main pressure;

g) a pressão de descarga da primeira turbina ég) the discharge pressure of the first turbine is

superior ou igual à pressão média, preferivelmente sensivelmente igual à pressão média;greater than or equal to the mean pressure, preferably substantially equal to the mean pressure;

h) um/o compressor comprime pelo menos uma fração da vazão de ar a uma alta pressão, superior ou igual à pressãoh) a compressor compresses at least a fraction of the air flow at a high pressure, greater than or equal to the pressure

2 0 de ar principal resfriado na linha de troca até uma2 0 of cooled main air in the exchange line to a

temperatura criogênica (<-100°C), e retorna a vazão comprimida na linha de troca, onde pelo menos uma parte se liquidifica na extremidade fria após é enviada no sistema de colunas após expansão;cryogenic temperature (<-100 ° C), and returns the compressed flow in the exchange line, where at least one part liquefies at the cold end after it is sent to the column system after expansion;

i) um produto líquido sob pressão do sistema de(i) a liquid product under pressure from the

colunas se vaporiza na linha de troca;columns vaporize on the exchange line;

e no primeiro modo de funcionamento,and in the first mode of operation,

j) uma turbina auxiliar aspira uma fração gasosa da vazão de ar resfriado na linha de troca principal;j) an auxiliary turbine aspirates a gaseous fraction of the cooled air flow in the main exchange line;

3 0 k) a pressão de aspiração da turbina auxiliar é superior ou substancialmente igual à pressão principal, preferivelmente superior de pelo menos 200 ' kPa ou substancialmente igual à pressão principal;30 k) the suction pressure of the auxiliary turbine is greater than or substantially equal to the main pressure, preferably greater than at least 200 'kPa or substantially equal to the main pressure;

1) a pressão de descarga da turbina auxiliar é superior ou substancialmente igual à pressão atmosférica, preferivelmente substancialmente igual à pressão baixa;1) the auxiliary turbine discharge pressure is greater than or substantially equal to atmospheric pressure, preferably substantially equal to low pressure;

m) pelo menos uma parte da vazão de ar expandido na turbina auxiliar é aquecido na linha de troca;m) at least part of the expanded air flow in the auxiliary turbine is heated in the exchange line;

n) uma parte dos constituintes do ar é produzida sob forma liquida como produto final;n) a part of the air constituents is produced in liquid form as final product;

e no segundo modo de funcionamento,and in the second mode of operation,

o) a vazão de ar tratada na turbina auxiliar é reduzida em relação à vazão tratada na turbina auxiliar no primeiro modo de funcionamento, eventualmente a zero e p) a produção de líquido como produto final éo) the treated air flow in the auxiliary turbine is reduced in relation to the treated air flow in the auxiliary turbine in the first mode of operation, possibly to zero and p) the production of liquid as final product is

diminuída, em relação à produção de líquido como produto final no primeiro modo de funcionamento, eventualmente à zero.in relation to the production of liquid as final product in the first mode of operation, possibly at zero.

De acordo com de outros aspectos facultativos:According to other optional aspects:

2 0 - todas as turbinas são travadas por um compressor de2 0 - all turbines are locked by a compressor of

ar;air;

- pelo menos um compressor acoplado a uma das turbinas aspira em temperatura ambiente;- at least one compressor coupled to one of the turbines aspirates at room temperature;

- de todos os compressores, só o compressor ligado- of all compressors, only the compressor on

2 5 mecanicamente à primeira turbina tem uma temperatura de2 5 mechanically to the first turbine has a temperature of

aspiração abaixo de -100°C;aspiration below -100 ° C;

a temperatura de aspiração da primeira turbina difere de mais de 15°C, da temperatura de pseudovaporização do oxigênio;the suction temperature of the first turbine differs from more than 15 ° C from the pseudovaporization oxygen temperature;

3 0 - a vazão de ar principal penetrante é reduzida, durante o segundo modo, preferivelmente uma vazão pelo menos igual ã redução durante o segundo modo da vazão de ar enviada à turbina auxiliar;30 - the penetrating main air flow is reduced during the second mode, preferably a flow at least equal to the reduction during the second mode of the air flow sent to the auxiliary turbine;

- a variação da vazão de ar principal é assegurada pelas palhetas variáveis de um compressor;- variation of the main air flow is ensured by the variable vanes of a compressor;

- a variação de vazão de ar principal é assegurada pelo funcionamento e/ou a parada de um compressor de ar auxiliar;- variation of the main air flow is ensured by the operation and / or stopping of an auxiliary air compressor;

- a pressão de ar principal varia entre o primeiro- the main air pressure varies between the first

modo e o segundo modo;mode and the second mode;

- a primeira parte do ar é comprimida a uma pressão superior à pressão principal a montante da primeira turbina de modo que retorna na primeira turbina substancialmente a uma pressão superior à pressão principal;- the first air part is compressed at a pressure higher than the main pressure upstream of the first turbine so that it returns in the first turbine substantially at a pressure greater than the main pressure;

- a temperatura de aspiração da turbina auxiliar é- the suction temperature of the auxiliary turbine is

mais elevada que a temperatura de aspiração da primeira turbina;higher than the suction temperature of the first turbine;

- o ar expandido na turbina auxiliar é rejeitado na atmosfera.- Expanded air in the auxiliary turbine is rejected into the atmosphere.

De acordo com outro aspecto da invenção, é previstoAccording to another aspect of the invention there is provided

uma unidade de resfriamento e aquecimento de vazões destinadas e fornecendo um sistema de colunas de separação de ar compreendendo uma linha de troca, uma primeira turbina, uma turbina auxiliar, um compressor, a linha dea flow-rate cooling and heating unit and providing an air separation column system comprising an exchange line, a first turbine, an auxiliary turbine, a compressor, the

2 5 troca compreendendo:2 5 exchange comprising:

i) pelo menos uma passagem para receber uma primeira vazão de ar depurado, pelo menos uma passagem para receber uma primeira vazão de ar depurado sendo ligado ao compressor,(i) at least one passage for receiving a first purge air flow, at least one passage for receiving a first purge air flow being connected to the compressor;

3 0 ii) pelo menos uma passagem ligada ã descarga do compressor, pelo menos uma passagem ligada ao compressor sendo ligada à primeira turbina,Ii) at least one passage connected to the compressor discharge, at least one passage connected to the compressor being connected to the first turbine;

iii) pelo menos duas passagens para receber pelo menos dois fluidos (35,37) que se aquecem,(iii) at least two passages for receiving at least two warming fluids (35,37);

iv) pelo menos uma passagem para receber uma segundaiv) at least one ticket to receive a second

vazão de ar depurado, pelo menos uma passagem para receber a segunda vazão de ar depurado sendo ligada à aspiração da turbina auxiliar e a descarga da turbina auxiliar sendo ligada a pelo menos uma passagem de ar a ser aquecido.purge air flow, at least one passage for receiving the second purge air flow being connected to the auxiliary turbine suction and the auxiliary turbine discharge being connected to at least one air passage to be heated.

A unidade pode ser disposta de modo que em operação,The unit can be arranged so that in operation,

uma das condições seguintes é preenchida:one of the following conditions is met:

i) a temperatura de aspiração da turbina auxiliar é superior à temperatura de aspiração da primeira turbina(i) Auxiliary turbine suction temperature is higher than first turbine suction temperature

ii) a temperatura de aspiração da turbina auxiliar éii) the suction temperature of the auxiliary turbine is

superior à temperatura de aspiração do compressorhigher than compressor suction temperature

iii) a temperatura de aspiração do compressor é inferior à temperatura de aspiração da primeira turbinaiii) compressor suction temperature is lower than first turbine suction temperature

iv) a temperatura de descarga do compressor é superior à temperatura de aspiração da primeira turbinaiv) compressor discharge temperature is higher than first turbine suction temperature

2 0 v) a temperatura de descarga do compressor é superior2 0 v) compressor discharge temperature is higher

à temperatura de descarga da turbina auxiliar.at the discharge temperature of the auxiliary turbine.

Propõe-se aqui melhorar a flexibilidade de produção dos processos do tipo mono-máquinas, tais como descritos previamente:It is proposed here to improve the production flexibility of single machine type processes as described previously:

- seja oferecendo a possibilidade de reduzir ou mesmo- whether offering the possibility of reducing or even

anular a produção de líquido das unidades utilizando um processo tal como descrito na EP-A-0504029;canceling the liquid production of the units using a process as described in EP-A-0504029;

seja oferecendo a possibilidade de produzir de maneira eficaz os líquidos com processos tais como foramoffering the possibility of effectively producing liquids with processes as

descritos na FR-A-2688052; - e oferecendo a possibilidade de fazer um ou outro de maneira reversível, e energeticamente eficaz nos dois casos.described in FR-A-2688052; - and offering the possibility to do both reversibly and energetically in both cases.

Este processo utiliza um sistema de destilação conhecido (colunas de pressão média e de pressão baixa 5 termicamente ligadas, eventualmente uma coluna à pressão intermediária e/ou uma coluna de mistura e/ou uma coluna de mistura de argônio, etc.) e coloca-se pelo menos duas turbinas de expansão.This process utilizes a known distillation system (thermally bonded medium pressure and low pressure columns, optionally an intermediate pressure column and / or a mixing column and / or an argon mixing column, etc.) and placed in place. if at least two expansion turbines.

Duas vazões estão em pressão substancialmente igual se as suas pressões diferem somente pelas perdas de carga.Two flow rates are at substantially equal pressure if their pressures differ only by the pressure drop.

A fração gasosa da vazão de ar aspirado pela turbina auxiliar é previamente expandida na primeira e/ou na segunda turbina, eventualmente enviada à coluna de pressão média e retirada da coluna de pressão média antes de ser 15 enviada à turbina auxiliar, após ter sido aquecido na linha de troca principal.The gaseous fraction of the air flow suctioned by the auxiliary turbine is previously expanded in the first and / or second turbine, eventually sent to the medium pressure column and removed from the medium pressure column before being sent to the auxiliary turbine after being heated. on the main exchange line.

No primeiro modo de funcionamento, a produção de produto líquido, todos os produtos finais confundidos, constitui 1%, ou 2% ou 5% da vazão de ar enviado às colunas (ou à coluna se só a coluna de pressão média é alimentada em ar).In the first mode of operation, the production of liquid product, all confused final products, constitutes 1%, or 2% or 5% of the air flow sent to the columns (or to the column if only the average pressure column is supplied with air. ).

A invenção será descrita em mais detalhe referindo-se às figuras, que mostram as instalações de separação de ar capazes de funcionar de acordo com o processo da invenção.The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the figures showing the air separation facilities capable of operating in accordance with the process of the invention.

2 5 Na Figura 1, uma vazão de ar comprimido 1 provindo de2 5 In Figure 1, a flow of compressed air 1 from

um compressor principal é comprimida em um compressor 3 a uma alta pressão pelo menos 500 kPa acima da pressão da coluna de pressão média, esta alta pressão sendo chamada pressão principal. Esta pressão principal pode, por exemplo, estar entre 1000 e 2500 kPa. A esta pressão principal a vazão 5 é em seguida depurada em água e dióxido de carbono (não ilustrado) . A vazão total de ar comprimido e depurado 5 é enviada a uma linha de troca 7 onde se resfria até uma temperatura Tl. A esta temperatura, a vazão 5 é dividida em 5 duas para formar uma vazão 9 que se liquidifica e é enviada ao sistema de colunas e uma vazão 11. A vazão 11 deixa a linha de troca 7 à temperatura Tl diferente de mais de ±50C da temperatura de vaporização do oxigênio pressurizado 3 3 e é enviada a um compressor frio 13 para produzir uma vazão 10 15 a uma pressão muito sensivelmente superior à pressão média e eventualmente superior à pressão principal. A vazão 15 a uma temperatura T2 de saída do compressor frio se resfria na linha de troca 7 até uma temperatura T3 mais elevada que Tl. A esta temperatura T3, a vazão 15 é 15 dividida em duas vazões 17, 19. A vazão 17 é expandida em uma turbina 21 a partir da temperatura T3 próxima da temperatura de pseudovaporização do oxigênio pressurizado 33 .a main compressor is compressed into a compressor 3 at a high pressure at least 500 kPa above the pressure of the middle pressure column, this high pressure being called main pressure. This main pressure may, for example, be between 1000 and 2500 kPa. At this main pressure flow 5 is then purged in water and carbon dioxide (not shown). The total flow of compressed compressed air 5 is sent to an exchange line 7 where it cools to a temperature T1. At this temperature, flow 5 is divided into 5 two to form a liquefy flow 9 and is sent to the column system and a flow 11. Flow 11 leaves the exchange line 7 at a temperature T1 other than ± 50C of the vaporization temperature of pressurized oxygen 33 and is sent to a cold compressor 13 to produce a flow rate 10 15 at a pressure much more than the average pressure and possibly higher than the main pressure. Flow 15 at a cold compressor outlet temperature T2 cools on the exchange line 7 to a temperature T3 higher than T1. At this temperature T3, flow 15 is divided into two flows 17, 19. Flow 17 is expanded in a turbine 21 from temperature T3 close to the pseudovaporization temperature of pressurized oxygen 33.

A pressão de aspiração da turbina 21 é igual à pressão 20 de descarga do compressor 13, portanto, muito sensivelmente superior à pressão média (superior pelo menos 500 kPa) e eventualmente superior à pressão principal e a pressão de descarga é superior ou igual à pressão média, preferivelmente sensivelmente igual à pressão média. AThe suction pressure of turbine 21 is equal to the discharge pressure 20 of compressor 13, thus much more than the average pressure (greater than at least 500 kPa) and possibly higher than the main pressure and the discharge pressure is greater than or equal to the pressure average, preferably substantially equal to the mean pressure. THE

2 5 vazão expandida até uma pressão superior ou igual à pressão média, preferivelmente sensivelmente igual à pressão média é enviada ao sistema de coluna como vazão 25. A vazão 19 prossegue seu resfriamento na linha de troca e é enviada sob forma gasosa ao sistema de colunas.25 flow expanded to a pressure greater than or equal to the mean pressure, preferably substantially equal to the mean pressure is sent to the column system as flow 25. Flow 19 continues to cool in the exchange line and is sent in gaseous form to the column system. .

0 compressor frio 13 é acionado pela turbina 21. Uma vazão de nitrogênio residual se aquece na linha de troca.The cold compressor 13 is driven by turbine 21. A residual nitrogen flow warms up in the exchange line.

Uma vazão de oxigênio líquido 35 pressurizada em uma bomba 33 vaporiza na linha de troca 7.A pressurized liquid oxygen flow 35 in a pump 33 vaporizes on the exchange line 7.

Opcionalmente um líquido do sistema de colunas, alémOptionally a speaker system liquid plus

do oxigênio líquido, é pressurizado, vaporizado na linha de troca 7 e serve seguidamente de produto sob pressão.of liquid oxygen, is pressurized, vaporized on the exchange line 7 and then serves as a pressurized product.

De acordo com um primeiro modo de funcionamento, uma fração de ar 25 é tomada no ar depurado 5 à pressão 10 principal e é resfriado na linha de troca 7. A uma temperatura T4 inferior a -IOO0C e superior a T2, a fração 25 é enviada a uma turbina 27 onde se distende até uma temperatura T5 formando uma vazão de ar 29. Esta vazão de ar se aquece na linha de troca.According to a first mode of operation, an air fraction 25 is taken in the clean air 5 at the main pressure 10 and is cooled in the exchange line 7. At a temperature T4 below -IOO0C and above T2, the fraction 25 is sent to a turbine 27 where it extends to a temperature T5 forming an air flow 29. This air flow warms up in the exchange line.

Um produto líquido é retirado do sistema de colunasA liquid product is taken from the speaker system.

como produto final 32. No exemplo o único produto do aparelho é o oxigênio líquido, mas outros produtos podem evidentemente ser produzidos sob forma líquida.as final product 32. In the example the only product of the apparatus is liquid oxygen, but other products can of course be produced in liquid form.

De acordo com um segundo modo de funcionamento a vazãoAccording to a second mode of operation the flow rate

2 0 de ar 2 5 tratada na turbina auxiliar 2 7 é reduzida eventualmente a zero, a vazão de ar principal entrando 1 é reduzida de uma vazão pelo menos igual à redução da vazão de ar enviado à turbina auxiliar 27 e a produção de líquido 3 7 é diminuída eventualmente a zero.20 of treated air 25 in the auxiliary turbine 27 is eventually reduced to zero, the incoming main air flow 1 is reduced by a flow at least equal to the reduction of the air flow sent to the auxiliary turbine 27 and the production of liquid 3. 7 is eventually decreased to zero.

Esta variação da vazão de ar 1 entre os dois modos deThis variation of air flow 1 between the two modes of

funcionamento é assegurada pelas palhetas variáveis de um compressor e/ou pelo funcionamento e/ou a parada de um compressor de ar auxiliar.Operation is ensured by the variable vanes of a compressor and / or the operation and / or stopping of an auxiliary air compressor.

Estes dois modos de funcionamento podem constituir os únicos modos de funcionamento do aparelho ou pode ter outros modos de funcionamento.These two modes of operation may be the only modes of operation of the apparatus or may have other modes of operation.

Pode ter uma etapa de compressão (compressor 3B) entre a sobrepressão quente que conduz o ar à pressão principal e a sobrepressão fria, de modo que a sobrepressão fria se efetua a partir de uma pressão acima da pressão principal.It can have a compression step (compressor 3B) between the hot overpressure that drives the air to the main pressure and the cold overpressure, so that the cold overpressure takes place from a pressure above the main pressure.

De preferência, a turbina 21 é acionada pelo compressor 13 e o compressor 3 aciona a turbina auxiliar 27Preferably, turbine 21 is driven by compressor 13 and compressor 3 drives auxiliary turbine 27

Claims (13)

1. Processo de produção de pelo menos um gás do ar por destilação criogênica em um sistema de colunas caracterizado pelo fato de que compreende pelo menos uma coluna de pressão média operando a uma pressão média e uma coluna de pressão baixa operando a uma pressão baixa, termicamente ligadas entre elas na qual em um primeiro e um segundo modo de funcionamento a) a totalidade de uma vazão de ar comprimido é levada a uma alta pressão, pelo menos 50 0 kPa acima da pressão da coluna de pressão média, e depurada a esta alta pressão, chamada pressão principal; b) esta pressão principal é eventualmente variável em função das produções pedidas; c) uma primeira parte da vazão de ar em pelo menos na pressão principal é resfriada em uma linha de troca (7) até uma temperatura intermediária e é expandida em pelo menos uma primeira turbina (21); d) eventualmente uma segunda parte da vazão de ar é expandida em pelo menos uma segunda turbina (21B) cujas condições de admissão e de descarga difere de mais de 500 kPa e de mais de 150C ou são idênticas em termos de pressão e temperatura as da primeira turbina; e) eventualmente o trabalho fornecido pela primeira ou uma terceira turbina serve pelo menos parcialmente ao trabalho requerido por um compressor; f) a pressão de admissão da primeira turbina é muito sensivelmente superior à pressão média e eventualmente superior à pressão principal; g) a pressão de descarga da primeira turbina é superior ou igual à pressão média, preferivelmente sensivelmente igual à pressão média; h) um/o compressor (13) comprime pelo menos uma fração da vazão de ar a uma alta pressão, superior ou igual à pressão de ar principal resfriado na linha de troca até uma temperatura criogênica (<-100°C), e retorna a vazão comprimida na linha de troca, onde pelo menos uma parte se liquidifica na extremidade fria após é enviada no sistema de colunas após expansão; i) um produto líquido (35) sob pressão do sistema de colunas se vaporiza na linha de troca; e no primeiro modo de funcionamento, j) uma turbina auxiliar (27) aspira uma fração gasosa da vazão de ar resfriado na linha de troca principal; k) a pressão de aspiração da turbina auxiliar é superior ou substancialmente igual à pressão principal, preferivelmente superior de pelo menos 200 kPa ou substancialmente igual à pressão principal; 1) a pressão de descarga da turbina auxiliar é superior ou substancialmente igual à pressão atmosférica, preferivelmente substancialmente igual à pressão baixa; m) pelo menos uma parte da vazão de ar expandido na turbina auxiliar é aquecido na linha de troca; n) uma parte dos constituintes do ar é produzida sob forma líquida como produto final; e no segundo modo de funcionamento, o) a vazão de ar tratada na turbina auxiliar é reduzida em relação à vazão tratada na turbina auxiliar no primeiro modo de funcionamento, eventualmente a zero e p) a produção de líquido como produto final é diminuída, em relação à produção de líquido como produto final no primeiro modo de funcionamento, eventualmente à zero.1. The process of producing at least one cryogenic distillation air gas in a column system characterized in that it comprises at least one medium pressure column operating at medium pressure and one low pressure column operating at low pressure, in which in a first and a second mode of operation a) the entire flow of compressed air is brought to a high pressure at least 50 kPa above the pressure of the mean pressure column and purged to it high pressure, called main pressure; (b) this main pressure may vary depending on the production requested; c) a first part of the air flow at at least at the main pressure is cooled in an exchange line (7) to an intermediate temperature and is expanded at least one first turbine (21); (d) optionally a second part of the air flow is expanded to at least a second turbine (21B) whose inlet and discharge conditions differ from more than 500 kPa and over 150C or are identical in pressure and temperature to those of first turbine; e) optionally the work provided by the first or third turbine at least partially serves the work required by a compressor; f) the inlet pressure of the first turbine is much more than the average pressure and possibly higher than the main pressure; g) the discharge pressure of the first turbine is greater than or equal to the mean pressure, preferably substantially equal to the mean pressure; h) a compressor (13) compresses at least a fraction of the air flow at a high pressure, greater than or equal to the cooled main air pressure in the exchange line to a cryogenic temperature (<-100 ° C), and returns the compressed flow rate at the exchange line, where at least part of it liquefies at the cold end after it is sent into the column system after expansion; (i) a liquid product (35) under pressure from the column system vaporizes on the exchange line; and in the first mode of operation, j) an auxiliary turbine (27) draws a gaseous fraction of the cooled air flow in the main exchange line; k) the suction pressure of the auxiliary turbine is greater than or substantially equal to the main pressure, preferably greater than at least 200 kPa or substantially equal to the main pressure; 1) the auxiliary turbine discharge pressure is greater than or substantially equal to atmospheric pressure, preferably substantially equal to low pressure; m) at least part of the expanded air flow in the auxiliary turbine is heated in the exchange line; n) a part of the air constituents is produced in liquid form as final product; and in the second mode of operation, o) the treated air flow in the auxiliary turbine is reduced relative to the treated air flow in the auxiliary turbine in the first mode, possibly at zero and p) the production of liquid as final product is decreased relative the production of liquid as final product in the first mode of operation, possibly at zero. 2. Processo, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que todas as turbinas são travadas por um compressor de ar (3, 13).Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that all turbines are locked by an air compressor (3, 13). 3. Processo, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 ou 2, caracterizado pelo fato de que pelo menos um compressor (3) acoplado a uma das turbinas aspira em temperatura ambiente.Process according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that at least one compressor (3) coupled to one of the turbines aspirates at room temperature. 4. Processo, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1, 2 ou 3, caracterizado pelo fato de que de todos os compressores, somente o compressor (13) ligado mecanicamente à primeira turbina (21) tem uma temperatura de aspiração abaixo de -100°C.Method according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that of all compressors, only the compressor (13) mechanically connected to the first turbine (21) has a suction temperature below -100 ° C. ° C. 5. Processo, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1, 2, 3 ou 4, caracterizado pelo fato de que a temperatura de aspiração da primeira turbina (21) difere de mais de 15°C, da temperatura de pseudovaporização do oxigênio.Process according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the suction temperature of the first turbine (21) differs from more than 15 ° C from the pseudovaporization temperature of oxygen. 6. Processo, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1, 2, 3, 4 ou 5, caracterizado pelo fato de que a vazão de ar principal entrando (1) é reduzida, durante o segundo modo, de preferência uma vazão pelo menos igual à redução durante o segundo modo da vazão de ar enviado à turbina auxiliar (27).Process according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the incoming main air flow (1) is reduced during the second mode, preferably at least equal flow. the reduction during the second mode of the air flow sent to the auxiliary turbine (27). 7. Processo, de acordo com a reivindicação 6, caracterizado pelo fato de que a variação da vazão de ar principal (1) é assegurada pelas palhetas variáveis de um compressor.Method according to Claim 6, characterized in that the variation of the main air flow (1) is ensured by the variable vanes of a compressor. 8. Processo, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 6 ou 7, caracterizado pelo fato de que a variação de vazão de ar principal (1) é assegurada pelo funcionamento e/ou a parada de um compressor de ar auxiliarProcess according to either of Claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the variation of the main air flow (1) is ensured by the operation and / or stopping of an auxiliary air compressor. 9. Processo, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ou 8, caracterizado pelo fato de que a pressão de ar principal varia entre o primeiro modo e o segundo modo.Method according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that the main air pressure varies between the first mode and the second mode. 10. Processo, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ou 9, caracterizado pelo fato de que a primeira parte do ar é comprimida a uma pressão superior à pressão principal à montante da primeira turbina (21) de modo que retorna na primeira turbina substancialmente a uma pressão superior à pressão principalMethod according to any one of Claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that the first part of the air is compressed at a pressure greater than the main upstream pressure. of the first turbine (21) so that it returns in the first turbine substantially at a pressure greater than the main pressure 11. Processo, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ou 10, caracterizado pelo fato de que a temperatura de aspiração da turbina auxiliar (27) é mais elevada que a temperatura de aspiração da primeira turbina (21).Process according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that the suction temperature of the auxiliary turbine (27) is higher than the suction temperature of the first turbine (21). 12. Unidade de resfriamento e de aquecimento de vazões destinadas à e provindo de um sistema de colunas de separação de ar caracterizada pelo fato de que compreende uma linha de troca (7), uma primeira turbina (21), uma turbina auxiliar (27), um compressor (13), a linha de troca compreendendo: i) pelo menos uma passagem para receber uma primeira vazão de ar depurado, pelo menos uma passagem para receber uma primeira vazão de ar depurado sendo ligado ao compressor, ii) pelo menos uma passagem ligada à descarga do compressor, pelo menos uma passagem ligada ao compressor sendo ligada à primeira turbina, iii) pelo menos duas passagens para receber pelo menos dois fluidos (35,37) que se aquecem, iv) pelo menos uma passagem para receber uma segunda vazão de ar depurado, pelo menos uma passagem para receber a segunda vazão de ar depurado sendo ligada ã aspiração da turbina auxiliar e a descarga da turbina auxiliar sendo ligada a pelo menos uma passagem de ar a ser aquecido.12. A flow cooling and heating unit intended for and coming from an air separation column system comprising a change line (7), a first turbine (21), an auxiliary turbine (27) a compressor (13), the exchange line comprising: i) at least one passage for receiving a first flow of purified air, at least one passage for receiving a first flow of purified air being connected to the compressor, ii) at least one compressor discharge-connected passage, at least one compressor-connected passage being connected to the first turbine, (iii) at least two passages for receiving at least two heating fluids (35,37), iv) at least one passage for receiving a the second purge air flow, at least one passage for receiving the second purge air flow being connected to the auxiliary turbine suction and the auxiliary turbine discharge being connected to at least one air passage to be heated. 13. Unidade, de acordo com a reivindicação 12, caracterizada pelo fato de que é disposta de modo que em operação, uma das condições seguintes é preenchida: i) a temperatura de aspiração da turbina auxiliar (27) é superior à temperatura de aspiração da primeira turbina (21) ; ii) a temperatura de aspiração da turbina auxiliar (27) é superior à temperatura de aspiração do compressor (13); iii) a temperatura de aspiração do compressor (13) é inferior à temperatura de aspiração da primeira turbina (21) ; iv) a temperatura de descarga do compressor (13) é superior à temperatura de aspiração da primeira turbina (21) ; v) a temperatura de descarga do compressor (13) é superior à temperatura de descarga da turbina auxiliar (27).Unit according to Claim 12, characterized in that it is arranged so that in operation one of the following conditions is fulfilled: (i) the suction temperature of the auxiliary turbine (27) is higher than the suction temperature of the first turbine (21); ii) the suction temperature of the auxiliary turbine (27) is higher than the suction temperature of the compressor (13); iii) the suction temperature of the compressor (13) is lower than the suction temperature of the first turbine (21); iv) the compressor discharge temperature (13) is higher than the suction temperature of the first turbine (21); v) the compressor discharge temperature (13) is higher than the auxiliary turbine discharge temperature (27).
BRPI0808718-0A 2007-03-13 2008-03-12 COOLING AND HEATING FLOW UNIT BRPI0808718B1 (en)

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FR0753788A FR2913759B1 (en) 2007-03-13 2007-03-13 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING GAS AIR FROM THE AIR IN A GAS FORM AND LIQUID WITH HIGH FLEXIBILITY BY CRYOGENIC DISTILLATION
FR0753788 2007-03-13
PCT/FR2008/050418 WO2008129198A2 (en) 2007-03-13 2008-03-12 Method and apparatus for the production of gas from air in highly flexible gaseous and liquid form by cryogenic distillation

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BRPI0808718B1 (en) 2019-09-24
CN101883963B (en) 2013-09-18
JP2010531424A (en) 2010-09-24
WO2008129198A3 (en) 2011-07-07
EP2118601A2 (en) 2009-11-18
RU2009137758A (en) 2011-04-20
RU2479806C2 (en) 2013-04-20
FR2913759B1 (en) 2013-08-16
FR2913759A1 (en) 2008-09-19
WO2008129198A2 (en) 2008-10-30
JP5032596B2 (en) 2012-09-26
EP2118601B1 (en) 2017-12-20
US20110011130A1 (en) 2011-01-20
CN101883963A (en) 2010-11-10

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