BRPI0617261A2 - muddy compositions and methods for producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<B> SLUDGE COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS TO PRODUCE THE SAME. <D> A watery mud composition for use in industries such as oil and pipeline industries that includes a particulate, an aqueous liquid and a chemical compound that makes the surface of the particulate extremely hydrophobic. . The slurry is produced by making the particulate surface extremely hydrophobic during or before the slurry production.

Description

"FOOD COMPOSITIONS F METHODS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME"

Background of the Invention

Field of the Invention

This invention relates to an aqueous muddy composition and a method for producing such a composition.

Previous Art Discussion

Aqueous particulate slurries are commonly used or found in many industries including oil, pipeline, construction and cleaning industries. Fluid pastes are mixtures that typically comprise particulates and an aqueous medium and play an essential role in many industrial operations. For example, fluid pastes are used to transport particulates from one location to another at different distances both from the ground and from the surface to an underground formation or from an underground formation to the surface. The most commonly used particulates include sand, ceramic particulates, carbonate particulates, glass spheres, bauxite (aluminum oxide) particulates, deresine coated particulates and coal particulates. Particle sizes typically range from about 10 to about 100 mesh US, and particle densities are significantly higher than water density. For example, sand density is approximately 2.6 g / cm3 while water density is 1 g / cm3. Sand is the most commonly used particulate.

To make a relatively stable slurry, the particulates must be suspended in a liquid medium for a long time under static or / or dynamic conditions. Conventional wisdom tells us that the viscosity or viscoelasticity of the liquid medium must be high enough to be able to suspend the particulates. The most commonly used method for increasing the viscosity or viscoelasticity of an aqueous liquid is the addition of a thickener, for example a natural or synthetic synthetic polymer or a viscoelastic surfactant to the liquid medium. It is quite common for a polymer to be used with a foaming agent to take advantage of both viscoelastic and foaming properties. However, the use of polymers in slurries increases the cost and results in operational difficulties. In certain applications, for example, hydraulic fracture of underground formations, the use of polymers in the slurry prevents oil and gas production due to the large amounts of residue left in the formation. As for viscoelastic surfactants, although they have less waste compared to normal polymers, their cost is usually much higher. In many other applications such as gravel filter, well filling and pipeline sand transport, it is highly desirable to make the particulate slurry stable without using a thickener.

Hydraulic fracture operations are used extensively in the petroleum industry to increase oil and gas production. In hydraulic fracturing, a fracturing fluid is injected by drilling into an underground formation at a pressure sufficient to initiate fractures, which increase oil and gas production. Often, the particulates, called proppants, are suspended in the fracturing fluid and transported within the fractures. fractures like a fluid paste. Proppants include sands, ceramic particulates, bauxite particulates, resin coated sands and other particulates known in the industry. Among them sand is the most commonly used proppant.

Fracturing fluids in common use include water based as well as hydrocarbon based fluids. In water-based fracturing fluids, a viscoelastic polymer or surfactant is typically employed to increase the fluid viscoelasticity. In most cases the viscoelastic property of fluids is essential to transport proppants deep into a formation. In the last step of fracture treatment, streams of fracturing fluids return to the surface and propants are left in the fracture that forms a proppant package to prevent the fracture from closing after the pressure is released. A proppant-filled fracture provides a highly conductive channel that allows oil and / or gas to penetrate the drilling more efficiently. The conductivity of the proppant package plays a dominant role in increasing production. Fracturing fluid polymer residues are known to greatly reduce the conductivity of the proppant package.

Compared to polymeric thickeners, viscoelastic surfactants do less damage to proppant packages and formations. However, they are much more expensive.

Therefore, there is a need for a composition to efficiently transport propants deep into a formation at low cost and at the same time causing little damage to the proppant package and formation. The size of the grain, the concentration, the shape and shape and the characteristics of the package are also important factors in determining conductivity. Despite extensive research in recent years, limited progress has been made to maximize the conductivity of a proppant package in a fracture. Therefore, there is a need in producing a composition for use in a proppant package with improved conductivity.

The return flow of propant after fracture treatments has long troubled the oil industry. Return flow reduces the amount of propants in the formation that leads to a less conductive fracture. As disclosed, for example, in US Patent 6,047,772, various methods have been attempted to solve the backflow problem. In one method, resins are used to coat the proppant and make them very sticky. With this, the proppant grains tend to collapse reducing the return flow. Not only is this method expensive, but the sticky resins introduced in the proppant package tend to reduce their conductivity. Therefore, there is a need for a composition and method for producing a slurry which can form a stable proppant packet that resists propant return flow while at the same time exhibiting high conductivity.

When drilling underground oil and gas formations, water-based drilling fluids are commonly used. During drilling large amounts of particles, called debris are generated. Debris has different sizes in the fine to pebble ranges. Perforating fluid circulates through the perforation to make the slurry fluid with the debris in situ and transport them outside the perforation. In most cases, polymers as well as thin clays are added to the drilling fluids to increase their viscosity / viscoelasticity to efficiently transport debris. However, polymers as well as thin clays can easily penetrate the pores or thin fractures in a formation and significantly reduce deformation permeability, especially near perforation. Reduced formation permeability prevents the production of oil and / or gas. It is therefore highly desirable to provide a piercing fluid that will produce a stable slurry in situ with the debris and transport it out of the hole, causing little damage to formation.

The rising price of oil and its alarming depletion led people to advise using coal as a substitute for oil. Several factors slowed the speed of substitution of oil for coal. One factor is the difficulty in transporting cost-efficient coal over long distances through pipelines. It is therefore highly desirable to provide a stable, highly fluid, and cost-effective transport carbon composition composition.

In the oil sand operation, massive amounts of sand are left after oil is removed from the sand surface. Finding a more cost-effective way to transport sand efficiently over a pipeline distance has long been required by the industry. Thus, a composition and method for producing stable and highly fluid low cost sand slurry would be very useful.

Summary of the Invention

Accordingly, an aspect of the present invention relates to aqueous sludge compositions, which can be used to form a stable, highly conductive proppant package, to efficiently transport propants in an underground formation, and for use in the transportation of particulate perforating debris. coal and sands.

The invention also relates to an aqueous sludge composition comprising particulates, an aqueous liquid and a chemical compound that makes the particulate surface extremely hydrophobic, and the method for producing such sludge composition.

The invention furthermore relates to a muddy composition which comprises particulates, an aqueous liquid, a chemical compound that makes particulate surfaces extremely hydrophobic and a gas, and the method for producing such a muddy composition. The invention also relates to a muddy composition which comprises particulates, an aqueous liquid, a chemical compound that makes the surface of the particles extremely hydrophobic and a surfactant.

The invention also relates to a particulate particulate composition, an aqueous liquid, a chemical compound that makes the particulate surface extremely hydrophobic, a surfactant and a gas, and the method for producing such a composition. The invention also relates to a method for producing an aqueous slurry composition comprising the steps of first transforming the extremely hydrophobic particulate surface and then mixing the treated particles with an aqueous liquid, or a gas-containing aqueous liquid.

The invention in another aspect also relates to methods for producing aqueous muddy compositions, including for various applications including hydraulic fracturing, drilling, gravel stripping, pipeline transport, dynamitation and tunnel construction.

Detailed Description of the Invention

It has been discovered in the present invention that when the surface of the particulates according to the invention becomes extremely hydrophobic, a slurry made with such particulates exhibits several novel properties. For example, particulates tend to move cohesively rather than as individual grains; the volume of sedimented particulates tends to be significantly larger than in a pastafluid formed by conventional methods under the same conditions; The formed particulate package tends to have high conductivity and can be easily dehydrated, and the slurry tends to be fluid and stable under static or dynamic conditions without using a thickener. The larger particle packet volume indicates higher porosity and therefore higher conductivity. This is especially beneficial for improving fracture treatment since, as mentioned above, the conductivity of the "proppant" package is the dominant property that affects fracture treatments. The extremely hydrophobic surface of the particulates further reduces the drag force exerted by the fluid and makes it more difficult for propants to be carried by the fluid once the particles are completely sedimented. This is especially beneficial for minimizing propant return flow after fracture treatments, leading to increased proppant conductivity. In conventional slurries, the viscosity or viscoelasticity of the liquid plays a dominant role while the interfacial interactions between the particulate surface and the liquid play an insignificant role. However, it has been found in the present invention that when the particle surface becomes extremely hydrophobic, the interfacial interactions between the surface and the liquid become increasingly important.

In general, the interfacial interactions between a solid substrate and a liquid mainly depend on the surface properties of the solid and the surface tension of the liquid. Normally the macroscopic properties of a solid surface can be characterized by observing the form of a liquid droplet on the solid substrate, which is the result of free surface energy as well as free energy of the liquid. When a liquid does not completely dampen a surface, it forms an angle q, which is known as the contact angle. The contact angle is the angle formed between a solid substrate and the tangent line at the point of contact between a liquid droplet and the solid substrate. Contact angle can be measured directly on macroscopic, smooth, non-porous solid planar solid substrates by simply placing a liquid particle or solution onto the solid substrate and determining the contact angle by a number of techniques. Contact angle values between many solids and aqueous liquid are provided in various scientific books and publications, which will be known to those skilled in the art. Most naturally occurring minerals are known to be hydrophilic. It is also known that certain hydrocarbons make up, for example, some quaternary surfactants, amine surfactants and conventional cationic polyacrylamides can be used to reduce the surface energy of certain particulates and make the particle surface less hydrophilic or more hydrophobic. However, the "hydrophobicity" reported by such compounds is not high enough to be included in the term "extremely hydrophobic" as in the case of the present invention. In the present invention, "extremely hydrophobic" means that the contact angle of water with the solid substrate is greater than about 90 °. At such high contact angles, water does not moisten the surface of the solid and instead contract on the solid surface to form beads. Chemical compounds that can render an extremely hydrophobic particulate surface are referred to as "extremely hydrophobic causing compounds" (EHRC) for simplicity. EHRCs are usually those compounds that contain organosilane or organosiloxane groups. Because of such groups, EHRC are capable of imparting hydrophobicity to the solid surface at a level that conventional surfactant hydrocarbons or polymers are unable to achieve. These compounds are known to render many inorganic solid surfaces extremely hydrophobic.

Fluid slurries according to the invention may be formed in the ground or in an underground formation. Such slurries have numerous applications in many industries, including (a) transporting particulates over various distances, on the surface of the ground, from the surface to an underground formation or from an underground formation to the surface, and (b) well service operations including stimulation. drilling, filling, gravel filtering, sand production control and the like.

In addition, a gas may be mixed in the slurries of the invention. Suitable gases for use in the slurry include air, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane and mixtures thereof. Gas may be introduced into the slurry during the preparation of these. For example, when the slurry is pumped through a tube, the nitrogen gas may be introduced into the slurry, or the gas as air may simply be mixed into the slurry at a sufficient rate of agitation.

In the present invention, "aqueous liquids" means water, desal solutions, water containing an alcohol or other organic solvents. It should be understood that additives other than water in the aqueous liquid are used in amounts or in a manner that does not adversely affect the present invention. Each can also grow polymers in the aqueous liquid. For example, in so-called water film fracturing operations, a small amount of polymers is normally added to an aqueous liquid to reduce friction pressure during pumping.

The particle size in compositions according to the invention is approximately 10-100 mesh US, which is approximately 150 to 1400 μηι. It should be understood that the particle size distribution may be narrow or wide. Suitable particulates include sands, ceramic particulates, glass beads, bauxite particulates, resin coated sands, carbonates and coal particulates.

Many organosilicon compounds including organosiloxane, organosilane, fluoroorganosiloxane and fluoroorganosilane compounds are known to be commonly used to make various surfaces extremely hydrophobic. For example, see US patent nos. 4,537,595; 5,240,760; 5,798,144; 6,323,268; 6,403,163, 6,524,597 and 6,830,811. It is not usually difficult for those skilled in the art to find that suitable organosilicon compounds made a solid surface extremely hydrophobic. However, it has been found in the present invention that when particulate surfaces are rendered extremely hydrophobic in the aqueous slurry, the slurry exhibits novel properties not seen in conventional aqueous slurries. For example, particulates tend to move cohesively rather than as individual grains; the volume of pelleted particles tends to be significantly larger than in a slurry formed by conventional methods under the same conditions; the particulate package formed tends to have high conductivity and be easily dehydrated, and the slurry tends to be fluid and stable under static or dynamic conditions without using a thickener.

Organosilanes are compounds that contain silicon and carbon bonds. Organosiloxanes are compounds that contain Si-O-Si bonds. Polysiloxanes are compounds in which the silicon and oxygen elements alternate in the molecular backbone, that is, Si-O-Si bonds are repeated. The simplest polysiloxanes are polydimethylsiloxanes. Polysiloxane compounds may be modified by various organic substitutes having different carbon numbers, which may contain N, S, or P moieties that confer the desired characteristics. For example, polyxyloxanescationic compounds are compounds in which either two cationic organic groups are attached to the polysiloxane chain, in the middle or at the end. Typically the organic cationic group contains at least 10 carbons and may contain a hydroxyl group or other functional groups that contain N or O. The most common cationic organic groups are alkylamine derivatives including secondary, tertiary and quaternary amines (e.g., polysiloxanesquaternary including, quaternary polysiloxanes which include quaternary di-polysiloxanes, quaternary polysiloxanes starch, polysiloxanesquaternary imidazoline and quaternary carboxy polysiloxanes.

Similarly the polysiloxane may be modified by organic amphoteric groups, where one or two amphoteric organic groups are attached to the dopolisyloxane chain, in the middle or at the end, and include betaine polysiloxanes and betaine phosphopolisyloxanes.

Similarly, polysiloxane may be modified by anionicorganic groups, where one or two organic anionic groups are attached to the depolysiloxane chain, in the middle or at the end, including polysiloxane sulfate, polysiloxane phosphate, polysiloxane sulfonate, depolysiloxane thiosulfate. Organosiloxane compounds also include alkylsiloxanes includinghexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, hexamethyldisiloxane, hexaethyldisiloxane, 1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, octamethyltranyl, Organosilane compounds include alkylchlorosilane, for example methyltrichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, trimethylchlorosilane, octadecyltrichlorosilane compounds; alkyl alkoxysilane, for example methyl, propyl, isobutyl and octyltrialcoxysilanes, and fluoroorganosilane compounds, for example 2- (n-perfluorooctyl) ethyltriethoxysilane, and perfluorooctyl dimethyl chlorosilane.

Other types of chemical compounds, other than organosilicon compounds, that can be used to make the surface of extremely hydrophobic particles are some fluoro-substituted compounds, for example some fluoroorganic compounds.

Further information on organosilicon compounds can be found in Silicone Surfactants (Randal M. Hill, 1999) and references herein, and in US Pat. Nos. 4,046,795; 4,537,595; 4,564,456; 4,689,085; 4,960,845 ; 5,098,979; 5,149,765; 5,209,775; 5,240,760; 5,256,805; 5,359,104; 6,132,638 and 6,830,811 and Canadian Narcotic No. 2,213,168.

Organosilanes can be represented by the formula

<formula> formula see original document page 10 </formula> where R is an organic radical having from 1-50 carbon atoms that may have the functionality to contain portions of N, S, or P which gives the desired characteristics, Xé a halogen, alkoxy, acyloxy or amine and η has a value of 0-3. Examples of suitable organosilanes include: (CH3) 3SiCh, (CH3) 2SiCh, (CH3CH2) 2SiCh, (CH3CH2) 2SiCh, (CeH5) SiCh, (CH3) 3SiCl, CH3HSiCh, (CH3) 2HSiCl, CH3 (CH3) 2SiBr2, (CH3CH2) 2SiBr2, (CeH5) 2SiBr2, (CH3) 3SiBr, CH3HSiBr2, (CH3) 2HSiBr, Si (OCH3) 4, CH3Si (OCH2CH3) 3, CH3CH3) CH3Si [0 (CH2) 3CH3] 3, CH3CH2Si (OCH2CH3) 3, CeH5Si (OCH3) 3, CeH5CH2Si (OCH3) 3, CeH5Si (OCH2CH3) 3, CH2 = CHCH2Si (OCH3) 3, (CH3) 2Si (OCH3) , (CH 2 = CH) Si (CH 3) 2 Cl, (CH 3) 2 Si (OCH 2 CH 3) 2, (CH 3) 2 Si (OCH 2 CH 2 CH 3) 2, (CH 3) 2 Si [O (CH 2) 3 CH 3 J 2, (CH 3 CH 2) 2 Si (OCH 2 CH 3) 2, (CeH5) 2Si (OCH3) 2, (CeH5CH2) 2Si (OCH3) 2, (CeH5) 2Si (OCH2CH3) 2, (CH2 = CH2) Si (OCH3) 2, (CH2 = CHCH2) 2Si (OCH3) 2, ( CH3) 3SiOCH3, CH3HSi (OCH3) 2, (CH3) 2HSi (OCH3), CH3Si (OCH2CH2CH3) 3, CH2 = CHCH2Si (OCH2CH2OCH3) 2, (CeH5) 2Si (OCH2CH2OCH3) 2, (CH3) 2CH2) (CH 2 = CH 2) 2 Si (OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 3) 2,

(CH2 = CHCH2) 2Si (OCH2CH2OCH3) 2, (CeH5) 2Si (OCH2CH2OCH3) 2, CH3Si (CH3COO) 3,3-aminotriethoxysilane, methyldiethylchlorosilane, butyltrichlorethoxytranoyltriethoxytranoyltriethoxytranitrile glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, aminopropyltriethoxysilane, divinyldi-2-methoxysilane, ethyltributyxysilane, isobutyltrimethoxysilane, hexyltrimethoxysilane, n-octyltriethoxysilane, dihexyldimethoxysilane, octadecyltrichlorane,

octadeciltrimetoxisilano, octadecildimetilclorosilano, quaternary silanes octadecildimetilmetoxisilano eamônio including 3- (trimethoxysilyl) propildimetiloctadecil deamônio chloride, 3- (trimethoxysilyl) propildimetiloctadecil ammonium bromide, 3- (trimetiletoxisililpropil) didecilmetil ammonium chloride, triethoxysilyl sojapropildiamônio chloride, 3- (trimetiletoxisililpropil) bromide didecilmetil ammonium, 3- (trimethylethoxysilylpropyl) didecylmethyl ammonium bromide, triethoxysilyl soyapropyldiammonium bromide, (CH3O) 3Si (CH2) 3P + (CeH5) 3Cl, (CH3O) 3S + (CeHs) 3Br ", (CH3O) CH2) 3P + (CH3) 3Cl ", (CH3O) 3Si (CH2) 3P + (CeHi3) 3Cl", (CH3O) 3Si (CH2) 3N + (CH3) 2C4HeCl, (CH3O) 3Si (CH2) 3N + (CH3) 2CH2CeH5Cl ", (CH 3 O) 3 Si (CH 2) 3 N + (CH 3) 2 CH 2 CH 2 OHCr, (CH 3 O) 3 Si (CH 2) 3 N + (C 2 H 5) 3 Cl ",

(C 2 H 5 O) 3 Si (CH 2) 3 N + (CH 3) 2 Cys H 37 Cr.

Among different organosiloxane compounds that are useful for the present invention, the modified organic amphoteric polysiloxanes or cationic groups including polysiloxanes of organic betaine and organic quaternary polysiloxanes are examples. A type of betaine or quaternary polysiloxane polysiloxane is represented by the formula

<formula> formula see original document page 12 </formula>

wherein each of the groups R1 to Re, and R5 to R5 represent an alkyl containing 1-6 carbon atoms, typically a methyl group, R7 represents an organic betaine betainapolisiloxane group, or quaternary polysiloxane organic quaternary group, and numbers different from carbon atoms, and may contain a hydroxyl group or other functional groups containing Ν, P or S, and η are from 1 to 200. For example, a type of quaternary polysiloxanes is when R7 is represented by the group

<formula> formula see original document page 12 </formula>

wherein R ', R 2, R 3 are alkyl groups of 1 to 22 carbon atoms or alkenyl groups of 2 to 22 carbon atoms. R4, R5, R7 are alkyl groups of 1 to 22 carbon atoms or alkenyl groups of 2 to 22 carbon atoms; R6 is -O- or the group NR8, R8 being an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydrogen group; Z is a bivalent hydrocarbon group of at least 4 carbon atoms, which may have a hydroxyl group and may be interrupted by a deoxy oxygen atom, an amino group or an amide group; X is from 2 to 4; R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R7 may be the same or different, and X "is an inorganic or organic anion including Cl" and CH3COO ". Examples of organic quaternary groups include [R-N + (CH3) 2 -CHaCH (OH ) CHa-O- (CH2) 3 "] (CH3COO) wherein R is an alkyl group containing 1-22carbons or a benzyl radical and CH3COO" an anion. Examples of organic betaine include - (Ch2) 3-O- Ch 2 CH (OH) (CH 2) -N + (CH 3) 2 CH 2 COO ". Such compounds are commercially available. Betaine polysiloxane copolyol is one example. It should be understood that cationic polysiloxanes include compounds represented by formula (II), wherein R 7 represents other organic amine derivatives including organic primary, secondary and tertiary amines.

Another example of organo-modified polysiloxanes includes debetaine polysiloxanes and di-quaternary polysiloxanes, which may be represented by the formula

<formula> formula see original document page 13 </formula>

wherein the groups R 12 to R n each represent an alkyl containing 1-6 decarbon atoms, typically a methyl group, both the R 11 and R 12 groups represent an organic di-betaine polysiloxane groupobetaine or an organic quaternary di-quaternary group , and have different numbers of carbon atoms and may contain a hydroxyl group or other functional groups containing N, PouS, and mode 1 to 200. For example, one type of di-quaternary polysiloxanes is when R11 and Ris are represented by the group.

<formula> formula see original document page 13 </formula> commercially available. Quaternium 80 (INCI) is one of the commercial examples.

It should be appreciated by those of skill in the art that polyxyloxanescationics include compounds represented by formula (III), wherein Ru and Riere represent other organic amine derivatives including primary, secondary and tertiary amines. It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that there are different quaternary mono- and di-polysiloxanes, betaine mono- and di-polysiloxanes and other organo-modified depolysiloxane compounds which can be used to make solid surfaces extremely hydrophobic and are useful in the present invention. . Such compounds are widely used in personal care and other products, for example as discussed in US Pat. 4,054,161; 4,654,161; 4,891,166; 4,898,957; 4,933,327; 5,166,297; 5,235,082; 5,306,434; 5,474,835; 5,616,758; 5,798,144; 6,277,361, 6,482,969,6,323,268 and 6,696,052.

Another example of organosilicon compounds which may be used in the composition of the present invention is fluoroorganosilane or fluoroorganosiloxane compounds in which at least part of the organic radicals in silane or siloxane compounds is fluorinated. Suitable examples are fluorinated chlorosilanes or fluorinated alkoxysilanes including 2- (n-perfluorooctyl) ethyltriethoxysilane, perfluorooctyldimethylchlorosilane, (CF3CH2CH2) 2Si (OCH3) 2, CF3CH2CH2CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 3) 3 and (CH 3 O) 3 Si (CH 2) 3 N + (CH 3) 2 (CH 2) 3 NHC (O) (CF 2) 6CF 3 Cr. Other compounds that may be used, but less preferable, are fluoro-substituted compounds, which are not organic silicon compounds, for example some fluoroorganic compounds.

It is understood that particulate surfaces can be hydrophobized by forming covalent bonds between the particulate surfaces and an EHRC or by adsorbing an EHRC on the particulate surfaces. For example, chloro-silanes and alkoxysilanes, which normally undergo hydrolysis in aqueous medium under suitable conditions, are known to be used to modify the surface by forming covalent bonds. Following hydrolysis, reactive silanol groups are formed which may be condensed with other silanol groups, for example those on the surface of the silicon materials, to form covalent bonds. For example, methyltrichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, trimethylchlorosilane, their alkoxy derivatives may be used to make the surface of the extremely hydrophobic glass by forming covalent bonds with the glass surfaces. It has been observed that polysiloxanes including various modified organic derivatives have a tendency to hydrolysis cap under normal conditions. These are believed to modify the surfaces predominantly by adsorption on solid surfaces. It is common for solid surfaces, especially inorganic solid surfaces, in an aqueous medium to have negative or positive charges, which significantly influence the pH of the aqueous medium. Substituted organics in the polysiloxane molecule, especially ionic ones that have opposite charges to those on the solid surface, significantly increase the adsorption of polysiloxanes on solid surfaces. For example, a cationic polysiloxane may readily adsorb onto the sand surface in a pH neutral aqueous liquid in which the sand surface has negative charges. Similarly an anionic polysiloxane, for example, a depolysiloxane sulfonate tends to adsorb to a carbonate surface in an aqueous liquid more easily at neutral pH.

Fluid pastes according to the present invention may be prepared, for example, by mixing an aqueous liquid with particulates and an EHRC by the use of a conventional mixing method with a sufficient amount of shear. Alternatively, the particles may be first treated by contacting the particles with a fluid medium containing an EHRC to make particle surfaces extremely hydrophobic and then separating particulates from the medium. The fluid medium may be a liquid or a gas. The prehydrophobized particles may be further used to produce a slurry. In any case, a gas, including air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, and mixtures thereof, may also be mixed in the stirred fluid folders. Water is the most preferred aqueous liquid to produce pastafluid.

It is considered in the present invention that adding suitable conventional hydrocarbon surfactants to the muddy composition is also useful. It should be understood that surfactants should be added to the slurry in concentrations and in a manner that would not adversely affect the slurry. For example, when a surfactant is added to the slurry, one should try to avoid the formation of soluble precipitate with the EHRC, or greatly modify the surface humidification of the particulates, or greatly reduce the surface tension of the aqueous liquid. For example, mixing cationic polysiloxane with an anionic surfactant hydrocarbon, or vice versa, is not normally preferred due to the tendency to cause unwanted precipitations. Instead, when a cationic polysiloxane is used an amphoteric or cationic surfactant hydrocarbon is more preferred. Similarly when an anionic polysiloxane is used, an anionic surfactant or an amphoteric surfactant hydrocarbon is more preferred. Surfactant compatibility principles are known to those versed in the art. Also a very low surface tension of the aqueous liquid is not desirable. When the surface tension of the liquid is too low, more water may be added or some of the surfactant-containing aqueous fluid may be replaced with water.

Fluid pastes may be prepared on the surface (in the soil) or in an underground formation where the particulates, an aqueous fluid, and EHRC, for example quaternary di-quaternary oxane, are mixed in situ. Examples of situations where in situ mixing is used include well cleaning and drilling operations. Alternatively, the particulates may first be mixed with a liquid in which an EHRC is dispersed or dissolved and then the particles separated from the liquid or dried. The particulates thus treated may be further used to produce the fluid slurry. Various propants including sands, ceramic particulates or resin coated sands may be treated according to the present invention during the manufacturing process. The hydrophobic particulates thus prepared may be used as propants in fracture operations. Depending on the amount and size of the particulates in the slurry, a wide range of EHRC concentration can be used to make the particulate surface extremely hydrophobic. Usually the amount of added EHRC is very small and has no obvious effect on the viscosity of the liquid to which it is added. For example, the concentration of EHRC in the slurry may be as low as a few ppm to hundreds of ppm. In most applications, it is unnecessary to add EHRC in more than 1 percent of the total liquid.

The following examples serve to illustrate the concepts of this

invention.

Example 1

50 ml of water and 50 grams of 20/40 mesh fracturing sand were added to each of two glass bottles (200ml). 0.5 ml of Tegopren 6923, a di-quaternary polydimethylsiloxane from Degussa Corp., was added in one of the bottles and the other bottle was used as a control. The bottles were energetically sharpened and then allowed to rest to allow the sand to settle. The volumes of sedimented sand in the two bottles were compared. In the bottle containing Tegopren6923, the volume of sedimented sands was approximately 40 percent higher than that without, and the sands are more fluid. When the bottles were slowly tilted, the sedimented sand in the control tended to move as individual sand grains, while the sedimented sand containing Tegopren 6923 tended to move as a cohesive mass.

Example 2

50 ml of water, 50 grams of 20/40 mesh fracturing sand, 0.5 ml of Tegopren 6923 and 0.1 ml of Aquard 18-50, C18-trimethylammonium chloride, a cationic surfactant hydrocarbon from Akzo Nobel Corp., was mixed. in a glass bottle (200ml). The bottles were vigorously shaken and then allowed to rest to allow the sand to settle. All the sand settled immediately at the bottom of the control. In the bottle containing Tegopren 6923, the sand immediately after agitation was fully distributed into the water producing a stable fluid slurry. After an hour, about half the amount of sand settled at the bottom while the other half floated at the top.

Example 3

100 ml of water and 50 grams of 20/40 mesh ceramic propants were added in each of two glass bottles (200ml). 0.5 ml TEGO Betaine810, capryl / capramidopropyl betaine, a DegussaCorp. Amphoteric surfactant hydrocarbon, and 1 ml of a solution containing 20% Tegopren 6924, a polydimethylsiloxanedi-quaternary of Degussa Corp., and 80% mono- butyl ether ethylene glycol were added in one of the bottles, and the other bottle was used as a control. The bottles were energetically shaken and then allowed to rest to allow the propants to settle. All the "propants" settled immediately at the bottom of the control jar. In that containing Tegopren 6924 approximately 25% of propants floated at the top and 75% remaining sedimented at the bottom, even the volume of 75% of the sedimented propants was still significantly larger than that control. When the bottles were slowly tilted, the sedimented "nagarrafa" propants tended to move as individual grains, while the sedimented "propants" in that containing Tegopren 6924 tended to move as a cohesive mass.

Example 4

100 ml of water and 50 grams of 40/70 mesh fracturing sand were added to each of two glass bottles (200ml). 0.1 ml Tegopren 6924 and 0.1 ml TEGO Betaine 810 were added and in addition 2% KCl weight was added. The other bottle was used as a control. The bottles were energetically sharpened and then allowed to rest to allow the sand to settle. The sedimented volumes of the two bottles were compared. All the sand settled immediately at the bottom of the control bottle. In the bottle containing Tegopren 6924, approximately 15% of the sand floated at the top and the remaining 85% settled at the bottom, even the 85% volume of sedimented sand was still significantly larger than the control. When the bottles were tilted slowly, the sedimented sand nagarrafa with pure water tended to move as individual grains, while the tilt-up one in Tegopren 6924 containing tended to move as cohesive masses.

Example 5

100 ml of water and 50 grams of 40/70 mesh fracturing sand were added to each of two glass bottles (200ml). 0.5 ml TEGO Betaine810 and 1 ml of a Tegopren-containing solution of 20% 6924 and 80% mono-butyl etherethylene glycol were added in one of the bottles. After vigorous mixing, the sand was separated from the liquid and dried at room temperature. The prehydrophobized sand was mixed with 100 ml of water and energetically shaken. All the sand settled immediately at the bottom of the control bottle. In the bottle containing prehydrophobized sand, approximately 40% of the sand floated at the top and 60% remained sedimented at the bottom, even the 60% volume of sedimented sand was still significantly larger than in the control. When the bottles were slowly tilted, the sedimented sand in the bottle with pure water tended to move with individual grains, while the sedimented prehydrophobized sand tended to move as a cohesive mass.

Example 6

100 ml of water and 50 grams of charcoal particles were added to each of two glass bottles (200ml). 0.5 ml TEGO Betaine 810 and 1 ml of a solution containing 20% Tegopren 6924 and 80% ethylene glycol mono-butyl ether were added in one of the bottles. The other bottle was used as a control. The bottles were vigorously shaken and then allowed to rest to allow the particulate coal to settle. The charcoal particles in the control bottle immediately dried up. In the bottle containing Tegopren 6924, approximately 45% of coal particulates floated at the top and 55% remaining sedimented at the bottom, even the 55% volume of sedimented coal particles was approximately 15% smaller than the 100% volume of carbon particles. coal in control.

Example 7

100 ml of water and 50 grams of 40/70 mesh fracturing sand were added to each of two glass bottles (200ml). 0.03 ml of Maquat QSX, a quaternary silane compound characterized as triethoxysilyl soyapropyldiammonium chloride in butylene glycol was added to one of the bottles. The other bottle was used as a control. After being thoroughly mixed, the liquid above the sedimented sand in that containing Maquat QSX was discarded and replaced with the same amount of water. The bottles were vigorously shaken and then allowed to rest to allow the sedimentary sand. The volumes of sedimented sand in the two bottles were compared. All the sand settled immediately at the bottom in the control bottle. In Nagarrafa containing Maquat QSX, approximately 5% of the sand floated at the top and the remaining 95% settled at the bottom, even the 95% volume of sedimented sand was still significantly larger than in the control. When the bottles were slowly tilted, the sedimented sand in the control bottle tended to move as individual grains, while the sedimented sand in that containing Maquat QSX tended to move as a cohesive mass.

Example 8

100 ml of water and 50 grams of 20/40 mesh resin-coated sand were added to each of two glass bottles (200ml). 1 ml of a solution containing 20% Tegopren 6924 and 80% mono-butyl ethylene glycol ether was added in one bottle, and the other bottle was used as a control. The bottles were vigorously shaken and then allowed to rest to allow the resin coated sand to settle. All resin-coated sand settled immediately at the bottom of the control bottle. In the bottle containing Tegopren 6924, approximately 15% resin-coated sand floated at the top and 85% remaining sediment at the bottom, even the volume of 85% sedimented sand was still significantly higher than in the control. When the bottles were slowly tilted, the sedimented sand in the bottle with pure water tended to move with individual grains, while the sedimented sand in that containing Tegopren 6924 tended to move as a cohesive mass.

Example 9

50 grams of 30/50 mesh fracturing sand was mixed with 10 ml of 20 cp viscosity silicone oil (polydimethylsiloxane) and left on filter paper at room temperature for 24 hours. 10 grams of prehydrophobized sand and 50 ml of water are mixed in the glass bottle (200 ml). 10 grams of untreated sand in 50 ml of water was used as a control. The bottles were energetically sharpened and then allowed to rest to allow the resin sand to settle. All the sand in the control bottle immediately settled at the bottom. In the bottle that contained prehydrophobized sand, a small amount of sand floated on top of the water. The volume of sedimented pretreated sand is significantly higher than in control. When the bottles were slowly tilted, the sedimented sand in the control bottle tended to move as individual grains, while the prehydrophobized sedimented sand tended to move as a cohesive mass.

Example 10

100 ml of water and 25 grams of 30/50 fracturing sand were added to each of two glass bottles (200ml). 0.05 ml of Tegopren 6922, a di-quaternary polydimethylsiloxane from Degussa Corp., was added in one of the bottles. The other bottle was used as a control. The bottles were energetically shaken and then allowed to rest to allow the charcoal particles to settle. The sand in the control bottle settled immediately. In the Tegopren 6922 bottle, the sand sedimented more slowly and a layer of float top sand and in addition the sand became more fluid than those in control. The volume of sedimented sand in the one containing Tegopren 6922 was about twice the control.

Example 11

A confidential and experimental fracturing hydraulic treatment was performed in a gas well. The depth of the well was approximately 2500 m and the formation temperature was approximately 76 ° C. The fracturing fluid used was called the water, where a small amount of polymers were added to the water to reduce friction pressure. Two propants were used, one was 40/70 sand and the other was 30/50 sand. During the "proppant" step, Tegopren 6922 was added to the fluid fractionant by continuous mixing at concentrations of 1 L / m3 to 3 L / m3 by the "proppant" step, where the slurry was prepared and pumped in the formation by drilling. Nitrogen gas was mixed with the fluid and the slurry during operation. The samples taken during the operation showed that compared to the conventional water cell sand fracture, the sand sedimented more slowly and was more fluid.

As mentioned above, the present invention is especially useful in many applications in the oil well industry as in other industries. Examples include various well service operations including hydraulic fracturing, gravel bundling, cleaning and drilling drilling, pipeline transport of particles, sand blasting, and excavation of a geological formation including tunnel construction, dredging, excavation and the like.

When used in a hydraulic fracture operation, a large amount of propants can be effectively transported in an underground formation without using a thickener. Not only is it cost effective but it also eliminates damage to the formation and proppant package caused by polymer waste. EHRC, for example, a quaternary polysiloxane may be mixed with an aqueous liquid and propants during use to produce the slurry and subsequently pumped into the formation during the proppant step, with or without a gas, or in addition a surfactant hydrocarbon, for example a surfactant betaine, may be combined in the composition. It is especially beneficial to use the slurry in the so-called water film fracture treatment. In conventional water-film fracture operations, due to the low viscosity of the fluid, only lower concentrations of propants can be effectively pumped deep into a formation, and furthermore, propants tend to sediment at the bottom of the fracture, resulting in lower conductivity. . With the composition of the present invention, the high concentration of propants can be easily pumped deep into a formation and the propants are better distributed in the fracture, leading to better proppant package conductivity. Other aqueous fracturing fluids including water, brine, crosslinked depolymer fluid and viscoelastic fluid surfactant may also be employed in the present invention. An EHRC can be added directly or mixed in the well before use with a solvent or added as an emulsion during an operation. Similarly, prehydrophobized propants may be used to produce the slurry in fracture operations. Another benefit of the slurries of the present invention is that the aqueous liquid is reusable after being separated from the particulates. This is of greater significance considering there is limited water supply in a number of locations.

The present invention also provides a novel method for preventing propant backflow after a fracture treatment. In field operations, the propants may be pumped into a formation using the composition of the present invention. Alternatively, a fluid medium containing an EHRC may be pumped into the formation after the "proppant" step to mix with the particulates already in formation. Particles in the slurry tend to move cohesively in contrast to conventional fluid slivers under the same conditions. . Note that the cohesive nature between the proppant grains in the present slurry originates from hydrophobic interactions rather than stickiness as described, for example, in US Patent No. 6,047,772.

The slurry of the present invention is especially useful in gravel filter operations where the slurry of sand is normally pumped through a borehole to prevent excessive amounts of sand from flowing into the borehole. The present method is cost effective and the formed sand pack has a high conductivity. Similarly, the slurry may also be used in so-called forming consolidation operations. In such an operation, an EHRC-containing fluid is injected into a formation to increase the cohesive nature between sand grains to consolidate formation and reduce sand production.

In drilling operations, an EHRC may be added in a water-based drilling fluid. It is especially useful when EHRC is added to water or brine for use as a piercing fluid. During a drilling operation, the fluid forms the slurry in situ with the debris and transports them to forced drilling. A gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide can be mixed with pastafluid during drilling. Since it is not necessary to use polymer or clays to thicken the fluid, there is much less formation damage. In addition, debris can be easily removed from the surface and the aqueous liquid becomes reusable. Different formations including sandstone, carbonate, shale and charcoal appear to be perforable using the slurry of the present invention.

Similarly in drilling cleaning operations, for example, water containing an EHRC may circulate in the drilling and form the slurry with the in-situ rubble. The rubble is subsequently transported out of the hole as a fluid paste. The fluid is reusable after debris separation.

To transport the particulates through the ducts, the slurry may be prepared by mixing the ingredients and then pumping the slurry through the duct.

Claims (46)

1. aqueous sludge composition, characterized in that it comprises: (a) an aqueous liquid, (b) particulates; and (c) a chemical compound for rendering the surface of the particles extremely hydrophobic. Aqueous sludge composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the particle size is in the range of 10-100 meshUS. Aqueous muddy composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the particulates are selected from a group consisting of sand, resin coated sand, ceramics, carbonate, bauxite, shale and charcoal particles. 4. Someone's composition of 1 to 4 complaints, CHARACTERIZED by the particulates are the underground particulate formation. Composition according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the chemical compound is selected from a group consisting of organosilanes, organosiloxanes, fluoroorganosilanes, fluoroorganosiloxanes and fluoroorganic compounds. Composition according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the chemical compound is an organosilane having the formula: wherein R is an organic radical having from 1-50 carbon atoms which may have a functional containing portions of N, S, or P which confer the desired characteristics, X is a halogen, alkoxy, acyloxy or amine and η has a value of -0-3. Composition according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the chemical compound is selected from a group consisting of: (CH3) 2SiCh, (CH3CH2) 2SiCh, (CeH5) 2SiCh, (CeH5) SiCh, (CH3 ) 3SiCl, CH3HSiCh, (CH3) 2HSiCl, CH3SiBr3, (CeH5) SiBr3, (CH3) 2SiBr2, (CH3CH2) 2SiBr2, (Ce3) 2SiBr2, (CH3) 3SiBr, CH3HSiBr2, (3) CH3 CH3Si (OCH3) 3, CH3Si (OCH2CH3) 3, CH3Si (OCH2CH2CH3) 3, CH3Si [0 (CH2) 3CH3] 3, CH3CH2Si (OCH2CH3) 3, CeH5Si (OCH3) 3, CeH5CH2Si (OCH3CH3) 3, CeH5CH3) 3, CH 2 = CHCH 2 Si (OCH 3) 3, (CH 3) 2 Si (OCH 3) 2, (CH 2 = CH) Si (CH 3) 2 Cl, (CH 3) 2 Si (OCH 2 CH 3) 2, (CH 3) 2 Si (OCH 2 CH 2 CH 3) 2, (CH 3 ) 2Si [0 (CH2) 3CH3] 2, (CH3CH2) 2Si (OCH2CH3) 2, (CeH5) 2Si (OCH3) 2, (CeH5CH2) 2Si (OCH3) 2, (CeH5) 2Si (OCH2CH3) 2, (CH2 = CH2) Si (OCH3) 2, (CH2 = CHCH2) 2Si (OCH3) 2, (CH3) 3SiOCH3, CH3HSi (OCH3) 2, (CH3) 2HSi (OCH3), CH3Si (OCH2CH2CH3) 3, CH2 = CHCH2Si (OCH2CH2OCH3) 2, (CeH5) 2Si (OCH2CH2OCH3) 2, (CH3) 2Si (OCH2CH2OCH3) 2, (CH2 = CH2) 2Si (OCH2CH2OCH3) 2, (CH2 = CHCH2) 2Si (OCH2CH2OCH3) 2, (CeH5) 2CH2) OCH2) CH 3 Si (CH 3 COO) 3,3-aminotriethoxysil in, metildietilclorosilano, butiltriclorosilano, difenildiclorosilano, viniltriclorosilano, methyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltris (methoxyethoxy) silane, methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, aminopropyltriethoxysilane, divinildi-2-metoxisilano, etiltributoxisilano, isobutiltrimetoxisilano, hexiltrimetoxisilano, n-octiltrietoxisilano, dihexildimetoxisilano, octadeciltriclorosilano, octadeciltrimetoxisilano, octadecildimetilclorosilano, octadecyl dimethyl methoxysilane quaternary ammonium esylanes including 3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride, 3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium bromide, 3- (trimethylethoxysilylpropyl) didecylmethyl ammonium trimethyl trimethoxyl, trimethyl ammonium chloride 3- (trimethylethoxysilylpropyl) didecylmethyl ammonium bromide, triethoxysilyl soyapropyl diamonium bromide, (CH3O) 3Si (CH2) 3P + (CeH5) 3Cl, (CH3O) 3Si (CH2) 3P + (CeH5) 3Br, (C H3O) 3Si (CH2) 3P + (CH3) 3Cr, (CH3O) 3Si (CH2) 3P + (CeHi3) 3Cr, (CH3O) 3Si (CH2) 3N + (CH3) 2C4H9Cl, (CH3O) 3Si (CH2) 3Cl + ", (CH 3 O) 3 Si (CH 2) 3 N + (CH 3) 2 CH 2 CH 2 OHCl", (CH 3 O) 3 Si (CH 2) 3 N + (C 2 Hs) 3 Cl ", (C 2 H 5 O) 3 Si (CH 2) 3 N + (CH 3) 2 C 18 H 37 Cl". Composition according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the chemical compound is an organosiloxane. Composition according to Claim 8, characterized in that it is selected from organosiloxane, cationic polysiloxane, amphoteric polysiloxanes, polysiloxane sulfate, polysiloxane carboxylate, polysiloxanesulfonate oxytoctoxoxanesulfonate, tetanoxane sulfonate, hexamethyldisiloxane, hexaethyldisiloxane, 1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, octamethyltrisiloxane and decamethyltetrasiloxane. Composition according to Claim 8, characterized in that the organosiloxane is selected from a group consisting of hexamethylcyclotrisyloxane, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, hexamethyldisiloxane, hexaethyldisethyltrane, 1,3-divinyl-1-ethanyltrane Composition according to Claim 8, characterized in that the organosiloxane is a polyalkylsiloxane. Composition according to Claim 8, characterized in that the organosiloxane is a cationic polysiloxane. Composition according to Claim 8, characterized in that the organosiloxane is a quaternary polysiloxane. Composition according to Claim 8, characterized in that the organosiloxane is an amphoteric polysiloxane. Composition according to Claim 8, characterized in that the organosiloxane is a betaine polysiloxane. Composition according to Claim 8, characterized in that the organosiloxane is selected from a group consisting of polysiloxane sulfate, polysiloxane sulfonate, polysiloxane phosphate, polysiloxane carboxylate and polysiloxane thiosulfate. Composition according to Claim 8, characterized in that the organosiloxane is a cationic polysiloxane having the formula wherein each R1 to R6 and R5 to R5 represent an alkyl containing 1- 6 carbon atoms, typically a methyl group, R7 represents a quaternary group and is associated with an ionic ion and may have a hydroxyl group and may be interrupted by a deoxy oxygen atom, an amino group or an amide group, and being 1 at 200. 18. The composition of claim 8, wherein the organosiloxane is a bethinapolisiloxane having the formula <formula> formula see original document page 27 </formula> an alkyl containing 1-6 carbon atoms, typically a methyl group, R7 represents a betaine group organic and may have a hydroxyl group and may be interrupted by an oxygen atom, an amino group or an amide group, ranging from 1 to 200. Composition according to claim 8, characterized by the organosiloxane is according to the formula: carbon formula, typically a methyl group, Ru and Ris each representing a betaineorganic group and may have a hydroxyl group and may be interrupted by a deoxy oxygen atom, an amino group or an amide group from 1 to 200. A composition according to claim 8, wherein the organosiloxane is of the formula: wherein R12 to Rn each represents an alkyl containing 1-6 carbon atoms, typically a methyl group, Rn and Ris each independently represent an organic quaternary group and are associated with an anionic ion and may have a hydroxyl group and may be interrupted by an oxygen atom, an amino group or an amidae group from 1 to 200. Composition according to Claims 1 to 20, characterized in that it further includes a gas. Fracturing fluid, characterized in that it comprises the silky composition according to claims 1 to 21. Gravel filter fluid, characterized in that it includes muddy composition according to claims 1 to 21. Perforating fluid, characterized in that it comprises the silky composition according to claims 1 to 21. Use of the muddy composition according to claims 1 to 21, characterized in that it carries particulates through a duct. Use of the muddy composition according to claims 1 to 21, characterized in that it is used in a well service operation. 27. Method for producing an aqueous sludge composition, characterized in that it comprises the steps: (a) treating the particulates with a chemical compound to make the particulate surfaces extremely hydrophobic, and then (b) mixing the treated particles with an aqueous liquid to produce a paste. aqueous fluid. A method for producing an aqueous sludge composition, characterized in that it comprises the steps of mixing: (a) an aqueous liquid, (b) particulates; and (c) a chemical compound to make the surface of the particles extremely hydrophobic. A method according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that the particle size is in the range of 10-100 mesh US. A method according to claims 27 to 29, characterized in that the particulates are selected from a group consisting of resin-coated sand, ceramics, carbonate, bauxite, shale and coal particulates. A method according to claims 27 to 30, further comprising the step of mixing the slurry with a gas. A method according to claims 27 to 31, characterized in that the chemical compound is selected from a group consisting of organosilanes, organosiloxanes, fluoroorganosilanes, fluoroorganosiloxanes and fluoroorganic compounds. A method according to claims 27 to 31, characterized in that the chemical compound is an organosilane having the formula: wherein R is an organic radical having from 1-50 carbon atoms which may have a feature containing portions of N, S, or P which give the desired characteristics, X is a halogen, alkoxy, acyloxy or amine and η has a value of 0-3. A method according to claims 27 to 31, characterized in that the chemical compound of claim 21 is an organosiloxanes selected from a group consisting of polyalkylsiloxanes, cationic polysiloxane, polysiloxanes, polysiloxanes sulfate, polysiloxanes phosphate, polysiloxane carboxylate, polysiloxanes sulfonate, polysiloxane thiosulfate, hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, hexamethyldisiloxane, hexaethyldisiloxane, 1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, octamethyltrisiloxane and octamethyltrisiloxane. A method according to claims 27 to 31, characterized in that the chemical compound is a polyalkylsiloxane. A method according to claims 27 to 31, characterized in that the chemical compound is a cationic polysiloxane. A method according to claims 27 to 31, characterized in that the chemical compound is a quaternary polysiloxane. A method according to claims 27 to 31, characterized in that the chemical compound is an amphoteric polysiloxane. A method according to claims 27 to 31 in which the chemical compound is a betaine polysiloxane. A method according to claims 27 to 31, characterized in that the chemical compound is selected from a group consisting of polysiloxane sulfate, polysiloxane sulfonate, polysiloxane phosphate, depolisyloxane carboxylate and polysiloxane thiosulfate. A method according to any one of claims 27 to 40, further comprising the step of mixing a surfactant with slurry. Silly composition according to Claims 1 to 21, characterized in that it includes a surfactant. Fracturing fluid according to claim 22, characterized in that it further includes a surfactant. Gravel filter fluid according to claim 23, characterized in that it further includes a surfactant. A piercing fluid according to claim 24, characterized in that it further includes a surfactant. Perforation cleaning fluid, characterized in that it includes muddy composition according to claims 1 to 21.