BRPI0501136B1 - Standard permanent fixation system for building - Google Patents

Description

STANDARD PERMANENT PREFIXING SYSTEM FOR

CONSTRUCTION

Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a building system employed to obtain all types of structures for residential, commercial, industrial and similar purposes, applicable to various types of structures, including sea and river, whereby PERMANENT STANDARD PREFIXING elements are used, where they are distributed in the structures, attachment points with standardized distances between them, which serve as a standard for the attachment of any type of structure in general.

Description of the Prior Art Construction of buildings in general, and particularly those intended for residential use, has been hampered by the limited availability of skilled workers as well as the inadequacy of most materials and systems used.

Indeed, the construction of any building, no matter how simple, requires the competition of carpenters, masons, plumbers, electricians, tile workers and many other specialists. Conventional constructions use solid and plywood, bricks, concrete blocks, tiles, sand, lime, cement, conduits, pipelines, etc., all of which have different characteristics that must be brought together in a harmonious set to complete the construction. In addition, the need to coordinate the work of the various skilled workers introduces delays in the progress of the works.

Another drawback associated with conventional constructions is the considerable volume of debris produced on the site, generating environmental pollution and burdening its costs.

One of the resources used to reduce construction time is the use of wood as the structure material, walls and floors, either in the form of planks, slats, rafters and beams, or in the form of prefabricated modules in which Wood is used in the form of laminates or agglomerates. However, the hot and humid climate subjects this material to attacks by fungi, rot and insects, shortening its useful life. Another drawback of wood is its combustibility, requiring costly but not always efficient treatments. An additional drawback is that wood wall finishing options are limited.

In addition, current building systems generally do not have standardized components and measurements in their structures, which leads to waste generation and excessive delays in the execution of works. To avoid such inconveniences, several standardization schemes have been proposed, which, however, were not satisfactory, which is why they have not been adopted on a large scale.

An example of known standardization technique is exemplified in GB 1452706 entitled A Cavity Wall Structure, which is reproduced in Figs. 1a and 1b of this application. As illustrated, each wall segment consists of two panels 2 arranged parallel to each other at a distance S, being maintained in this relationship by spacers 3. These spacers are provided with projections 3 'at both ends, which cooperate with the channels. 2 'into the panels, engaging them to provide the top joining of each panel with the next while maintaining the distance S between opposing panels. According to this invention, spaces A are intended for the passage of electrical wiring and water pipes, and spaces B may be filled with concrete. The illustrated system has some drawbacks, the first of which is that it is impossible to scale in the adjustment of wall thicknesses S and spaces B, whose dimensions are prefixed as a function of spacers 3 'and modules 2, respectively. A second disadvantage is the difficulty of accessing the interior spaces A from the outside when this is necessary, for example to install a socket or switch, repair a pipe, etc. A third disadvantage relates to the finishing of the walls, as the decorative elements (tiles, panels of various patterns, etc.) must be fixed by permanent means, such as glue, screws or anchor bolts to the exterior of the panels 2, making their replacement or eventual repairs difficult. Another disadvantage is that the spaces B are too narrow to allow adequate filling with slurry concrete, preventing the wall from being used as a structural element to withstand loads, for example the slab of an upper floor. Moreover, spacers 3 have a fixed dimension that allows only a certain spacing S between the panels 2. If a larger or smaller spacing is to be used, the same spacers cannot be used, but others of different dimensions are required. In addition, the spaces B of a panel (intended for concreting) are not contiguous with those of the adjacent panel, making it impossible to use longitudinal reinforcing reinforcements in the walls.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION In view of the foregoing, it is a first object of the invention to provide a constructive system utilizing standardized constructive elements as well as fastening elements, including reinforcing elements such as wire mesh, plates and partitions of various thicknesses and others, allowing for execution. of splicing of graduated or non - graded structural plates, shoring and fixed plates with or without systems at. components A second objective is the provision of a system that provides standardization of measurements and components, including for any type of construction system such as the inversion construction system itself, jig system, prefabricated, provisional, metal and steel structures. other fastening systems in general, allowing the splicing of graduated or non-graded structural plates, curves, shoring and fixed plates with or without complementary systems, reinforcement for finishing plates and connection of finishing panels with panels or internal systems, wires, cables, conduits, conductors in general, pipes, etc ..

A third objective is to provide a system for easy maintenance, installation, refurbishment, shoring, restoration of damaged portions including easy placement and removal of scaffolding without prejudice to parts in good condition.

A fourth objective is the provision of a system in which the installation of conduits, electrical cables, telephone or communication cables, plumbing and others can be done without the need to remove layers of plaster or tear open the walls of brick blocks or concrete. , or reinstall the brackets depending on each type of material.

A fifth objective is the provision of a system that allows the use of the internal spaces of the walls, ceilings and floors for the installation of conductors, conduits, pipes, storage and water treatment systems, power boards, climate control systems, alarm systems. , electronic equipment, mechanics, monitors, solar power systems, etc ..

It is a sixth objective to provide a system that permits either the construction of walls with simple partition function or walls with structural function.

A seventh objective is the provision of a system that allows the construction of floors and slabs without the need for disposable forms (madeirit or equivalent).

An eighth objective is also the provision of a system in which the finishing elements can be easily placed, removed and replaced when desired, allowing to modify the decorative aspect of the indoor and outdoor environments.

A ninth objective is to reduce the waste of materials and rubble production that characterize the conventional processes of civil construction, allowing the reuse of materials, except for the components and structures that are employed inside the concrete, such as finishing plates, slabs. of structures, pins and all other components can be reused.

A ninth objective is to provide a system to minimize the use of skilled labor.

A tenth goal is to reduce construction time without compromising the quality of the finished property.

Finally, it is an eleventh objective to provide a system that allows the easy disassembly of the building and its reuse and / or reconstruction elsewhere.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The above objectives are achieved by the invention by a system based entirely on prefabricated parts which utilizes standard permanent fastening elements comprising multifunctional or economical fixing pins, structural or trim plates and locks multifunction to provide the union and top between the latter.

According to another feature of the invention, said pins perform the function of spacers and support means between structural or finishing plates, allowing to change the thickness of walls or cavities that house and protect internal systems, said pins may be provided with locking means. bayonet or threaded type with screw, channel, rubberized, provided with anti-vibration means and adapted as needed.

According to another feature of the invention, the multifunctional locking pins are positioned substantially perpendicular to said plates. structural or finishing, have a substantially cylindrical tubular shape and are provided with graduated retaining elements on their external and internal surfaces allowing the fixation, in predefined positions, of the component parts of the architectural elements, said parts comprising the flat surfaces or bounding curves of walls or cavities, templates for concreting walls, columns or slabs, whether or not reusable, reinforcing reinforcements for reinforced concrete structures, finishing plates, etc. . According to another feature of the invention, said structural and trim plates may be manufactured in any size, provided that multiples of the standard module adopted in the system, having elements for fitting the ends of the fixing pins as well as for fixing the multifunctional latches.

According to another feature of the invention, the diameters of said multifunctional locking pins are arranged in stepped order, in which the pins of each step are slidably engageable with those of the next higher order, said pins being provided with reciprocal locking mechanical means.

According to another feature of the invention, said locking means are comprised of bayonet elements, the locking and unlocking being provided by axial rotation in an arc less than one full turn.

According to another feature of the invention, said locking means are provided by a plurality of segmented ring-shaped shoulders surrounding the inner and outer cylindrical surfaces of said pins, the ring-bearing segments having slightly smaller arcs than those of the pins. intervals between these.

In the case of multi-functional clamping pins, the internal (intermediate order) pins can be removed and / or replaced depending on the need, and can even be adapted to twist screws ("coils") allowing for distance adjustments ( depth) of greater accuracy as needed.

According to another feature of the invention, said intermediate order pins may comprise a first portion provided with retaining and locking means and a second spacer portion provided with plate fixing means at at least one end.

According to another feature, the pin head formation may be mechanical by predefined position, such as, for example, hinge head pin.

According to another feature, the permanent or intermediate pins have passage means for general purpose internal and external wiring conductors (low or medium voltage) further allowing the passage of high voltage conductors in the central channel.

According to another feature of the invention, said structural plates may be cast or closed, with the finishing plates always being closed.

According to another feature, the permanent pins can be used in the construction of retaining walls, in this case serving the central hole for water drainage and soil drying, avoiding water accumulation.

According to another feature of the invention, the closed plates may be used as modular templates for concreting walls, slabs or columns, and such molds may be reused.

According to another feature of the invention, the system comprises additional components cooperating with the external retaining elements of the external (higher order) retaining pins allowing to position intermediate elements such as reinforcement, if any.

According to another feature of the invention, the cavities formed between two closed parallel planes formed by closed plates may be filled with thermal or acoustic insulating material, concrete or equivalent.

According to another feature of the invention, the cavities formed between two planes may be provided with piping, wiring, electrical or electronic panels, or communications, supervision, control, alarm or information processing devices.

According to another feature of the invention, each hollow plate is made up of horizontally and vertically oriented cross-channel strips provided with locking means of the securing pins at each intersection.

According to a further feature of the invention, closed plates may have structural, decorative or both functions simultaneously.

According to another feature of the invention, the structural plates serve as a template for the entire structure of the work and it is through these plates that the position of the fastening pins (or screws) in the PERMANENT STANDARD PREFIXING system is defined.

According to another feature of the invention, the structural plates serve as the basis for the attachment of any systems or structures and, on the finishing side, also serve as a protective "skeleton" for the internal system (and finishing plates).

According to another feature of the invention, the structural function plates are fixed at the ends of said fixing pins or at intermediate recesses.

According to yet another feature of the invention, the finishing function plates are attached to the ends of the fixing pins.

According to a further feature of the invention, the structural plates may be provided with four types of channels for engaging the multifunctional latches, comprising: - Single tooth channel (side teeth) - Double tooth channel (side and upper teeth) - Single-tooth recessed channel (side teeth) - Smooth (toothless) channel According to a further feature of the invention, multifunctional latches can be used to provide the following functions: - For splicing one frame plate to another - As a point of Finishing plate protective support fixing - As a fixing point for use of any type of system According to another feature of the invention, the multifunctional locks are reusable and comprise a lower first component that fits within the plate channel and serves to secure the lock to said channel, and a second upper component which varies according to use.

According to a further feature of the invention, said upper component may comprise: hole-free upper component, used for splicing single tooth channel plates (recessed or not); upper component with holes, used to splice frame plates, however, it is only possible to splice double-toothed frame plates with this type of lock by using the multi-function hole lock together with the double-channel frame plate or recessed channel for passage of wires and can be understood to cross several channels.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES The advantages and other features of the invention will be more readily understood by describing a preferred embodiment and the accompanying figures, in which: Fig. 1 shows the known technique for modular wall construction as shown in FIG. GB 1452706. Fig. 2 shows a simple cavity wall constructed in accordance with the invention, exemplifying the relative positions of the various types of panels and their relationship to the permanent fasteners, from a perspective view. exploded. Fig. 3 shows an exploded view double cavity wall according to the principles of the invention. Fig. 4 shows the wall of the previous figure, in sectional view, partially completed by fitting all the elements according to the invention. Fig. 5 shows, through sectional view, the finished wall after filling one of the cavities with concrete and some auxiliary systems installed in the first cavity. Fig. 6 shows an exploded view of a set of multifunctional locking pins arranged in step order according to the invention. Fig. 7 shows the pin assembly after mounting upon insertion. Fig. 8 shows another exploded view of the clamping pin assembly. Fig. 9 shows the use of a common screw inserted into the internal order clamping pin to provide a double plate retaining and locking head. Fig. 10 illustrates the use of the permanent clamping pins in conjunction with the sturdy bars in shoring structures such as reinforced concrete slabs. Fig. 11 shows the same slab after its concreting. Fig. 12 illustrates the simultaneous shoring of successive floor slabs by means of sturdy bars, as well as the possibility of installing scaffolding on ready-made walls. Fig. 13 illustrates the application of the system to structures which, in addition to the slab, comprise a reinforcing beam including demountable telescopic tubes. Fig. 14 shows part of one of the planes that delimit the wall cavities illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3. Fig. 15 shows a first embodiment of the parts that make up the plane illustrated in the previous figure. Fig. 16 shows a second embodiment of the planar parts shown in Fig. 14. Fig. 17 illustrates some types of multifunctional locks used for interconnecting and interlocking the planar parts. Fig. 18 shows the application of multifunctional locks on the longitudinal and transverse joints of plane forming parts. Fig. 19 shows another plate embodiment as well as the use of multifunctional latches for their joining. Fig. 20 details some types of rails corresponding to the various embodiments of the planar forming parts as well as their multifunctional latches. Fig. 21 shows the formation of a hollow plane obtained by the conjunction of hollow plates consisting only of the gutters that intersect in the center of each plate. Fig. 22 shows a plane equivalent to that of the previous figure, formed by hollow plates whose rails have double row of teeth, side and top. Fig. 23 illustrates some additional embodiments of the multifunctional locks, intended for specific purposes. Fig. 24 illustrates low cost modular spacers for popular buildings. Fig. 25 illustrates some accessories suitable for the economical spacer of the previous figure. Fig. 26 shows two brackets for accessory elements. Fig. 27 shows a way of fixing the reinforcement reinforcement used in reinforced concrete structures.

Figs. 28 and 29 show a second embodiment of the spacers used in securing said reinforcement. Fig. 30 shows in greater detail additional details of the reinforcement fasteners.

Figs. 31, 32 and 33 illustrate the means used for casting concrete from a curved part.

Figs. 34 and 35 illustrate the use of alternative spacers illustrated in Figs. 28, 29 and 30.

Figs. 36-a, b and c illustrate the reinforcement fastening constituted by standardized meshes. Fig. 37 exemplifies the execution of a reinforced concrete element such as a wall, a column or the like. Fig. 38 shows in detail the execution of the reinforcement of the previous figure. Fig. 39 illustrates in detail the reusable template form used in the execution of the concrete structure shown in Fig. 37.

Figs. 40 and 41 illustrate the application of the principles of the invention in the construction of stairs.

Figs. 42, 43 and 44 show side views of various stages of the execution of an enlarged step.

Fig. 45 shows the use of curved template shapes in the construction of a cylindrical column. Fig. 46 shows an accessory used for mounting electrical systems. Fig. 47 illustrates the various types of rails already described above, together with their respective multifunction latches. Fig. 48 illustrates some variations among the possible plate shapes that can be used in the system.

Figs. 49, 50 and 51 show a device and its attachment fastening system such as towel racks or rack holders or furniture juxtaposed to the walls. Fig. 52 illustrates the fixing of slabs for modifying the aesthetic appearance on masonry walls.

Figs. 53 to 57 illustrate, through sectional views, some possibilities of wall construction as to the amount of vertical planes. Fig. 58 illustrates various floor plan shapes, including curved, triangular, etc. floors. Fig. 59 shows the system used for execution of a wall diagonally oriented relative to a floor. Fig. 60 shows a system similar to the above applied to a curved or polygonal wall. Fig. 61 illustrates an element incorporating a hinge associated with the respective securing pin. Fig. 62 illustrates some variations in the spacer pins as well as in the shapes of the respective heads.

Figs. 63, 64, 65 and 66 illustrate an alternative form of ladder construction with cantilevered steps.

Figs. 67, 68 and 69 illustrate various details regarding conductor routing using the voids of the permanent anchor pins.

Figures 70, 71, 72-a, 72-b and 73 illustrate the use of the system in metal structures or large precast.

Detailed Description of the Invention Referring now to Fig. 2, which shows in exploded view the constitution of a single cavity wall, it is observed that it comprises two structural planes 11 and 12, positioned parallel to a distance which is defined by the length. of the securing pins 14, said structural planes being provided with holes 15 which engage the ends of the securing pins 14. The external finishing of this wall is provided by the finishing plates 10 and 13, which are provided with locking elements 16 on their internal faces, which engage the double heads 17 of the securing pins 14 and lock into place. Fig. 3 shows, in exploded perspective, a wall constructed on the same principles, which has two cavities, the first consisting of the space between the parallel planes 11 and 18 and the second between the parallel planes 18 and 12, the finishing being provided by the plates 10 and 13, as already described in connection with the previous figure. It is observed that the width of the first cavity (distance between planes 11 and 18) is given by the length of the exposed portions of the fastener pins 19, which perform the function of spacers. These pins 19 further have a portion provided with cooperative securing means with the permanent securing pins 14 into which they are inserted and locked, which portion is not visible in the figure. The thickness of the second cavity (space between planes 18 and 12) is still provided by the length of the permanent anchor pins 14. Fig. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the wall of the previous figure after mounting the main elements, observing The first cavity 20 and the second cavity 30 are further detailed, the latter for filling with reinforced concrete. In view of this purpose, the reinforcement reinforcement 31 is installed which is held in position by means of components affixed to the permanent fastener 14, said components comprising the spacers 32 as well as other non-referenced parts, which will be detailed later. Cavity 20 will remain available for miscellaneous installations such as piping 21. Fig. 5 shows through sectional view the same wall of the previous figure with its completed assembly comprising filling said second cavity with concrete 33, the mold being formed by the plates 22. The figure also shows some possibilities of use of said first cavity, observing from above, the filling with insulating material 22 against heat, noise and vibration. Still in this portion of the wall is the passage of an electric conductor 23 which feeds a socket (or switch) 24, installed in the finishing plate 10. The details of this passage are illustrated in connection with figures 67, 68 and 69. and will be reviewed in due course. In the lower portion of the figure, the screw 90 is inserted into the permanent (non-referenced) pin, said screw serving to support decorative articles such as frame. Still in this portion of the wall another possibility of use is illustrated, which consists in providing a water reservoir 40. This reservoir can. be used to store rainwater collected from roof-connected pipes will be treated by known methods and thus constitute an emergency reservoir. Additionally, reservoirs of the type illustrated may be installed on the walls of the bathroom, kitchen, etc., and may be associated with selective wastewater pretreatment systems of the washbasin, kitchen sink, etc. Fig. 6 illustrates a set of three-order clamping pins comprising the outer pin 14, the mid-order pin 35 and the lower-order pin 36. The outer pin 14, which in the previous figure performs the function of permanent fixing pin has a cylindrical shape provided on its outer surface with a plurality of segmented ring-shaped shoulders 28 surrounding said surface, arranged parallel to regular intervals equal to the thickness of said rings, filling the full length of this fixing element. whose ends are provided with latches 25 for locking said member against rotation. Said locking is provided by inserting said tongues 25 in the slots 27 provided in the plates 11 and 12 of Figs. 2 and 3, symbolically represented in the present figure by ring 26 for the sake of clarity of representation. Thus, when the wall is mounted by engaging the holes 15 (referenced in Fig. 2) at the ends of said permanent fasteners 14, the latter will be locked against rotation, allowing the intermediate rings 29 to be secured in the desired position by displacement along said element followed by 45 degree rotation as illustrated by the arrows. Said Fig. 6 further shows the intermediate order pin 35 which can be inserted into the permanent fastening member, and further a second general purpose internal order pin 36 provided with a single head 37 allowing the insertion of plates termination. Because this permanent fastener 14 has its hollow interior, it lends itself to the insertion of high strength steel bars 38 used for shoring floors or slabs at higher levels when constructing multi-storey buildings, as explained above. and detailed below in connection with Figures 10 to 13. As illustrated, the outer relief of these bars is similar to that of the intermediate order pins, that is, comprising segmented ring bosses as well as ribs 39, which allow their locking. counter rotation. In addition, these high-strength bars can also be used as scaffolding supports if any repairs to the internal or external walls are required, even in the case of completed buildings. In this case, the trim plates (not shown in the figure), the pins 35 and 36 are removed from the interior of the elements 14, allowing the insertion of said high strength bars 38 which will support the scaffolds. Once the repairs have been completed, these bars are removed and the finishing elements replaced. Fig. 7 illustrates the same set of retaining pin elements after mounting, highlighting the manner in which the slots 27 of plate 12 (already shown in Fig. 2) engage the tabs 25 to provide locking of the outer pin 14 counter rotation. Fig. 8 shows another exploded view of the clamping pin assembly. Fig. 9 shows the use of a common coil screw 42 inserted inside the internal order clamping pin 36 to provide a double retaining head and locking plate or other elements. The same figure shows an alternative way of providing the same effect by using a double-headed clamping pin 43.

Figures 10, 11, 12 and 13 illustrate the use of the permanent anchor pins together with the sturdy bars 38 for shoring up structures above ground or more than one floor, such as reinforced concrete slabs. In Fig. 10 it is observed that the form 44 is supported on the supports 163 which, in turn, are inserted in the resistant bars 38 that protrude upwards and downwards of the shapes that delimit said slab, which is more indicated. It is clear from Fig. 11, which illustrates the already fused slab.

Also according to Fig. 10, said sturdy bars are prevented from turning due to being locked by the hollow plate 45, which is provided with slots (not referenced in the figure) into which the slots 39 of these bars (not referenced in this figure, but indicated in Fig. 6). Said sturdy bars further provide support and fixation of the reinforcement bars or screens as will be detailed in connection with figures 37 and 38. In Fig. 10 are further illustrated the robust fasteners 53 which are used in conjunction with the struts , as will be described in connection with Fig. 13. The application of the shoring system is illustrated in Fig. 13, which shows all the constructive elements involved. In this figure it is observed that the sturdy fasteners 53 are fitted to the sturdy bars 38, above and below the slab. These fasteners provide the bearing points of the ends of the cylindrical struts 164-166-165 which, because hollow, fit loosely to the ends of said sturdy bars. As shown in the figure, said struts are of the telescopic type, being constituted by the upper tubes 164 and lower 165 which are joined in the central region of the anchor by the sleeve 166 into which they slide. Said sleeve, as well as the portions of said tubes inserted therein, are provided with through holes (non-referenced) into which through pins (equally unreferenced) fit, allowing their longitudinal locking in various step positions, making it possible to adjust the length of said one. strut formed by assembly 164-166-165 according to the vertical distance between successive slabs. The figure schematizes said shoring, showing the upper end of the tube 164 supported beneath the sturdy fastener 53 which, in turn, is inserted into the lower region of the sturdy bar 38. As already described, this sturdy bar crosses the slab and its end. The upper part, which protrudes above said slab, engages a second sturdy fastener 53, on which the lower end of the tube 165, which forms part of the stanchion that will support the weight of the upper floors, rests.

Thus, the set of struts under a slab, beam or the like provides support during its mounting and filling with concrete by transferring the vertical forces from their weight the sturdy fasteners 53 inserted into the upper ends of the slab bars 38 of the slab or lower floor beam. In turn, these forces are discharged, by the same sturdy bars, to the sturdy fasteners 53 fitted at their lower ends and from these fasteners to the anchor tubes 164 resting on the lower floors, and so on. By the arrangement described, the intermediate slabs or beams are not loaded, as the vertical forces from the upper floors are transmitted downward through the assemblies formed by the struts, sturdy fasteners and sturdy bars. The system described herein can be used to accelerate the construction of multi-storey buildings, as shown in Fig. 12. In this illustration, the sturdy bars and the associated struts are represented only by the axes 160, for scale reasons of the drawing. . Said axes spaced according to the modular distance adopted in the work, being the total load distributed by a plurality of these elements. This allows the upper slabs 49 and 47 to be made without waiting for the hardening and curing of the lower slab 46 (shown in the figure to be a slab of the lost casket). Furthermore, according to the invention, the permanent fixing pins 14 are embedded in the walls 50, making it possible, when necessary, to place the internal or external scaffolding 51 by removing the intermediate 35 and internal 36 pins (not referenced in the figure). ) and inserting the sturdy bars 38 into the permanents 14 for temporary scaffold support. Fig. 14 shows, by way of example and not limitation, part of one of the planes 11 delimiting the wall cavities illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3, looking in detail at the fixing hole 15 centrally located at the intersection of the vertical and horizontal channels, as well as the locking slots 27, whose function has been described in connection with Figs. 6 and 7. As will be detailed below, the elements delimiting said channels may assume various configurations, depending on their height and the locking teeth with which they are provided.

Thus, Fig. 15 shows a first embodiment of the pieces 11a (see pages 17, 18 and 20) that make up the planes 11 (Fig. 4), each piece consisting of a square plate divided into four quadrants 54 (rectangular or square). (as illustrated, squares) which are bounded by the frame walls 55. Said quadrants are spaced apart to provide orthogonal channels or rails, width 59, the distance 60 of said frame walls to the outer edges of the plate half the width of the channel or gutter 59. The embodiment illustrated in Fig. 15 is that of the gutter formed by a recessed single-toothed frame (side teeth), the main use of which is on the inner side of the structure, where the restraint systems are installed. higher volume. The channel or gutter formed by the single tooth frame (side teeth) illustrated in Fig. 16 comprises the basic structural plate 11b (see Figs. 17, 18 and 20) used for all sides of the structure. Unlike the recessed frame in the previous figure, it serves as a support for both the finishing plate and any external plates. It is a basic plate, has no upper teeth for use in situations where it is not necessary to pass electrical connections or other types of systems, wires or cables, etc.

For forming the planes, the structural plates must be joined together, which is done by means of the multifunctional locks, some of which are illustrated in Fig. 17. According to this figure, said locks are formed by two cooperatively coupled parts, comprising a first upper part 110-a and a second lower part 110-b constituting a "drawer" whose movement provides locking of the part. As illustrated in 17-a and 17-c, said upper part is in the form of a thick rectangular plate, provided on its lower face with two channels 111 and, on the longitudinal side edges, of a plurality of concavities 112 with corresponding shape and internal dimensions. those of teeth 56 or 58. According to 17-b, drawer 110-b has the substantial shape of a thick rectangular plate having the same dimensions as said upper plate and having two longitudinal shoulders 113, corresponding to said channels. 111, which they slide into. Both sides are cut out by a plurality of teeth 114, the profile of which corresponds to that of teeth 56 or 58. At one end, this drawer is provided with a mirror shown in Fig. 17 whose movement is indicated by the arrow, which allows movement. between the locking and locking positions. The locking position is shown in Fig. 17-and in the corresponding detail, Fig. 17-f, in which teeth 114 are seen to be aligned with the recesses 112, which alignment allows the part to be inserted into the rail span 59 between two frames so that teeth 56 or 58 penetrate loosely into said concavities 112. After this insertion, drawer 110-b is pushed in the direction of the arrow, the workpiece being shown in 17e and 17g causing the teeth 114 to be mismatched with said concavities 112 where the teeth 56 or 58 are engaged (not shown in this figure). Since teeth 114 are now positioned beneath teeth 56 or 58, depending on the type of plate being used, part 110 remains locked and cannot be removed. Fig. 18 shows the composition of a plane by grouping a plurality of plates 11a which are joined by the edges. The mutual fixing and locking of these plates can be done by two types of multifunctional lock, the first shorter 64 and the second longer 65, the length of which is longitudinally penetrating the channels or rails of two adjacent plates 11a. It is observed that the lock 65 is structurally and functionally equivalent to that exemplified in Fig. 17, and in its assembly it fits within the channels of the interconnected plates. In the case of lock 64, which could be referred to as a "multifunctional transverse lock", it is found that it does not fit inside the rail, but rather over the frame walls 56 and is provided with specific tabs for this purpose, as will be detailed. further up. Fig. 19 shows a third type of plate 11c in which the frame walls are provided with two tine series, the side series 62 and the top series 63, allowing the passage of small diameter electrical conductors. The interconnection between plates of this type, for the purpose of forming a plane, can be made by means of the long multifunctional latches 65, previously described, or by means of transverse locks 66, which differ from the transverse 64 in that they have along their side edges, two rows of square through holes 67 into which the upper teeth 63 insert when the lock is installed. The figure further shows the longitudinal flaps 68 which "hug" the frame walls 61, preventing mutual spacing of the plates joined by this lock. Fig. 20 shows, in more detail, the three types of channels or rails formed by the frame walls, namely the simplest and recessed ones in the plates 11a with frame walls similar to those referred to as 55 in Fig. 15, the deeper rails in the plates 11b whose frame walls follow the pattern referenced as 57 in Fig. 16 and the plate rails 11c whose frame walls are provided with side and upper teeth according to referenced as 61 in Fig. 19. Fig. 20 also illustrates some of the possibilities of embodiment of the multifunctional latches, from the simplest lock 64 which fits within the corresponding rail to the lock 66, provided with holes 67 and tabs 68 for extremely robust locking between the plates, and furthermore. , the multifunctional lock 69, similar to the above with respect to the side flaps 68 but devoid of the holes 67. Fig. 21 shows the formation of a hollow plane obtained by joining hollow plates 70, constituted only by the rails that intersect in the center of each plate, where the fixing hole 15 is located. In this example, said rails are formed by frame walls of pattern 57, but could use any of the other patterns previously described. The joining between adjacent plates 70 can only be made by longitudinal multifunctional locks 71 as shown in this figure. Fig. 22 shows a plane equivalent to that of the previous figure, formed by hollow plates 72 in which the frame walls 61 are provided with double row of teeth, the side 62 and the top 63. For the union between the pieces one can employ both the longitudinal multifunctional locks 71 used in the arrangement of the previous figure and the locks 66 ', similar to those already described 66, but longer than these. Fig. 23 illustrates some additional embodiments of multifunctional latches for specific purposes. Thus, for example, the lock 73 is employed in conduit-free electrical installations in which the conductor wires run into the rails, such as, for example, the rail 59 which can be seen in Fig. 15, serving channels 74 for securing said wires (not shown in the figure). For firmer retention, lock 75 may be employed, wherein the channels 76 are situated on the underside, which is juxtaposed to the bottom of the rail when the lock is installed. Fig. 23 further illustrates in the upper left corner the angular lock 78 used in the construction of the outer corners when the plates forming two orthogonal planes are shown, shown in the figure in a simplified manner by the rails 77 and 77 '. Of course, the same principle can be used for finding planes at other angles, provided that the piece 78 is made to the desired angle. Notwithstanding the figure illustrating an angular lock usable on edges formed by the meeting of two planes, it is evident that the same constructive principle applies to recessed dihedrals. Moreover, the illustrated constructive principle is applicable to the meeting of three planes, namely to trihedra, whether convex or concave.

In popular and / or low cost constructions, the complex fastening pins 14, 35, 36 shown in Fig. 6 can be economically replaced by the modular perspective spacers shown in Fig. 24. This part allows the construction of walls of varying thicknesses related to a standard module "m" such as "m / 2", "m / 3" and "m / 6" by simply sectioning the spacer illustrated at the cut points 79. In one embodiment advantageous invention has m = 150mm, m / 2 = 75mm, m / 3 = 50mm and 6 = 25mm.

Some suitable fittings for this type of spacer are illustrated in Fig. 25, and those detailed in b and c show that the portion inserted into the spacer is provided with a self-tapping or superb screw thread as the channel The longitudinal center 80 of the spacer is smooth, as is the case with the central channels of the securing pins 14 and 35. The spacer "a" has an outer surface provided with a high relief finish to better be realized. Fig. 26 shows two brackets for accessory elements which, used in conjunction with parts 11, 70, 72 and the like, allow the attachment of devices, equipment or pipes. The proposed system also innovates in the fixing of reinforcement reinforcement used in reinforced concrete structures. Fig. 27 shows a first embodiment of such fastening, in which two parallel planes of reinforcement bars - such as, for example, two screens of the type illustrated in Figs. 36a and 36b are retained at both ends of the securing pins 81 by means of the nuts 82 and respective washers (optional, not referenced in the figure). As indicated in the partial sectional view, these nuts do not have a helical groove and are internally provided with cooperating segmented rings with the external segmented rings of the permanent pins 81, and their locking is performed by a 45 ° turn after positioning along said pins. . Fig. 28 shows a second embodiment of spacers 84, in which the locking elements - holes - are oriented in two orthogonal directions, thus allowing the fixation of reinforcing stirrups, as in reinforced concrete beams. One of said spacer elements is illustrated prominently in Fig. 29 and may advantageously be made of sheet metal or high mechanical strength material. Fig. 30 shows, in a larger way, some details of the reinforcement fastening elements, observing in the upper left corner the spacer element 84 in which the directions of the x and y axis are orthogonal to each other (angle α = 90 ° ). In the spacer element 85 the angle a 'is different from 90 °, with the permanent fixing pins 81 oriented in directions that no longer form a right angle. On the right side of this board is shown an assembly formed by the securing pin 81, the respective nuts (not referenced) and the pin 83 provided with head-retaining member for embodiment. In cases where mechanical stress is reduced, washers 82 may be used instead of nuts 82, locking them in accordance with the same basic principle as said nuts, but at a lower cost than such nuts, as it may be produced by stamping. Also on this board you can see the set 87 that operates together with the flexible plate 88, allowing total freedom of shapes in the production of architectural elements, as will be seen below.

In fact, Fig. 33 illustrates the possibility of casting a curved part 87 in concrete while ensuring the fixing points of the finishing plates which, in this case, are provided by the double heads of the pins 89. Elements used in this embodiment are shown in Figs. 31 and 32, on the same board. The versatility made possible by the use of spacers 84 and 85 shown in Fig. 32 is illustrated in Figs. 34 and 35. In the first of these, it can be seen that the use of spacer 85, whose faces are not orthogonal, facilitates the making of the curved portion of a reinforced concrete piece, such as, for example, a column.

In Fig. 35 is shown a column (or wall) of greater width than the previous one, this width being obtained by using the spacers 84, at whose ends are inserted the permanent fixing pins 81, which are used both in the reinforcement fixing. 90 as in positioning the template shapes and / or outer trim plates 91 by engaging concentric fasteners such as fasteners 83 shown in the previous figure. It also allows you to execute shapes such as sculptured stairs, etc. The method of securing a reinforcement made of a web is shown in Fig. 36-a, in which an exploded view on the left shows the reinforcement bars 31 and two types of retaining elements. namely, threaded washers 93 and washers 92, whose hole is smooth, requiring the use of nuts 82 for locking. The separation between the reinforcement screens is defined by the length of the spacer 32. The detail on the right side This board shows the assembly already assembled, including the finisher 95 inserted into the double head of the retainer. The screens used may be of diagonal type 94, as shown at the top of Fig. 36-a, as being composed of horizontal and vertical bars, as shown in Fig. 36-b. The combination of both types of screens is shown in Fig. 36-c and is highly advantageous in providing greater resistance to stress in all directions. In order to be used in the system, the screens must be manufactured with the distance p compatible with the module adopted for the building system. Fig. 37 exemplifies the process adopted in the execution of a reinforced concrete element such as a wall, a column or the like. Within the space formed by the planes constituted by the interlocking set of the jig forms 96 is the reinforcement reinforcement 97, whose construction principles have already been exposed in connection with Fig. 27. It is observed in the detail of Fig. 38 as well as in said Fig. 37, which are inserted at the ends of the permanent (non-referenced) anchor pins, the secondary pins 83, which provide the distance between the reinforcement hardware and the faces of the concrete part, as well as the fixing of the said template forms 96, as will be explained below. Fig. 39 illustrates in detail the template 96 and its method of attachment to the assembly. This plate, which is closed, metallic (or of resistant and reinforced material such as engineering plastic, fiberglass or carbon, etc.) is reusable, is provided along its edges with elements that functioned as a clip 98 which and allow quick coupling and uncoupling with the other plates of the same type, by means of butt joint. The elements related to the widthwise positioning of the element (wall, column, etc.) are the oblong recess 99 provided with a through hole 99 'in its center, with diameter allowing passage of the fixing head 83'. The sequence of the locking of this plate begins with the insertion of the holes 99 'in said heads 83', which protrude into the recess 99. Next, as shown in detail b, the clips 120 are inserted into these. recesses according to the direction of the arrow. These clips have in their lower region a hole of a diameter similar to that of hole 99 'allowing them to fit into the fixing head 83'. Said hole communicates with a narrower channel-like extension in the upper region of the clip, so that when said clip 120 is slidly pushed down as indicated in detail c, its locking and consequent retention of the forming occurs. template 96. For disassembly of these forms, after curing the concrete, the sequence of operations is reversed, allowing the reuse of all parts. The clip 120 is also used for securing other elements, such as, for example, the thick plate 95 shown in Fig. 36. For this purpose, a non-passing depression from the inner face of this plate is opened by means of a cutter. which may be, for example, a marble slab, and a clamp similar to clamp 120 is fixed to this depression by adhesive. In this way, the slab may be snapped or detached from the clamping head. The armature arrangement illustrated in Fig. 38 may further be used in stair construction, as shown in Fig. 40. In this application, the pin heads 83 will provide the attachment points of the step structures, which are detailed below. more fully, in Fig. 41. In this figure, the detail a shows an exploded view of the elements of a step which is still detailed, in semi-exploded view, in detail b. The inner bars of this step are strong enough to dispense with concreting, allowing for a lighter and sufficiently robust structure. In case the step is realized, the structure detailed in c which includes the reinforcement hardware is used. Fig. 42 shows an exploded side view of the step, in enlarged scale, as well as the detail of its mounting on the inclined reinforcement. In particular, the triangular part 150 is provided with clamp-like inserts 151 on its lower face for attachment to the armature pin heads, said part having a plurality of mating holes 152 for insertion of the permanent attachment pins 83, that will allow the floor, the mirror and the handrail brackets to be fixed. Fig. 43 shows the step of the previous figure, after assembling its elements, observing that the floor and mirror finishing plates are already in place. Fig. 44 shows the same structure as the previous figure, after concreting which, of course, will be made prior to the fixing of the floor trim plates 153 and mirror 154, which are snapped into place only after the concrete has cured. Note also the handrail 155, which is also attached to the step structure. The use of template shapes is not limited to the construction of flat surface elements. Thus, Fig. 45 shows how curved template shapes 196 can be used, forming a cylindrical mold, together with the flexible steel (or sturdy plastic) strap 188, to which the pins 83 for retaining the reinforcement are attached. 197 to form a column of circular section. Of course, the same principle applies to making columns with other sections, such as the square, which is also illustrated on the same board, as well as in the form of "T", "L", etc. In the case of columns that form part of door jambs, instead of some permanent fixing pins 83, the elements 192, shown in Fig. 61, are used in a convenient number (for example three) arranged in the same vertical line. , said elements incorporating in one piece the hinge and the fixing pin. Fig. 46 shows a "tray" fitting 121 used for mounting electrical systems, such as, for example, a circuit breaker board, which will be fitted in the central space 122. In this application, said fitting has, as elements securing the hollow plate rails 72 to the multifunctional latches 134 and 135, the latter being provided with wire passage means 136.

The profiles of various types of rails are shown in Fig. 47, together with their multifunction latches. The profiles referenced as a, b and c correspond respectively to the rails 11b, 11c and 11a already described above. Profile d is a reduced height profile in which the teeth have a triangular section. The same board shows, in Fig. 48, some variations among the possible shapes of the boards that can be used in the system.

Figs. 49, 50 and 51 show a system for attaching accessories such as towel racks or bookshelf holders or furniture juxtaposed to the walls, generally referred to as 123 or 129 in these figures. As illustrated in Fig. 49, the external element (i.e. that which will protrude out of the wall) 123 is integral with a smooth cylindrical shaft 124 which is hollow and threaded at its lower end. Said shaft slidably fits the intermediate pin 125, which has at its upper end a square nut 126. Said shaft is inserted into the inner space of said pin which is also smooth to allow free rotation of the shaft inside, being fixed in this position by the screw 127 which is screwed in its internal thread. Note that the shaft 124 is slightly longer than the pin 125, so that even after the tightening of the screw 127, rotation of the shaft is still possible. Fig. 50 shows the insertion, in the direction of the arrow, of pin 125 into the permanent pin 14, observing that the diameter of the screw head 127 is such that it allows the free passage of pin 125 in its actuation. insertion through a through hole in the trim plate 128 (not shown in Fig. 50 for clarity). Fig. 51 shows the end of insertion, which consists of locking pin 125 within permanent pin 14 by a 45 ° rotation of square nut 126, whose faces are then parallel to the faces of the outer element. For the sake of simplicity of illustration, said outer element 123 is shown as a square-section prism, however it should be understood that it may be of any shape compatible with its use, such as, for example, the handle 129 illustrated in FIG. same picture.

When it comes to aesthetic-only renovations, which merely modify the appearance of already constructed walls, such as masonry, one can simply affix to them the plates 130 or 131 illustrated in Fig. 52. This attachment can be made by adhesive, nails or dowels. Said plates are provided with clamping heads 138 which allow the fitting of the holes configured as "clamps" of the finishing plates 132 or 133.

Figs. 53 to 57 illustrate, through sectional views, some possibilities of wall construction, showing, in symbolic and highly simplified form, the various planes that shape their internal spaces. Thus, in Fig. 53, there is a three-cavity wall, and in Fig. 54, a two-cavity wall. For constructions subject to shaking or vibration, the permanent anchor pins can be sectioned as shown in Figs. 56 and 57, inserting a solid or elastic bushing between them.

The examples of embodiment given above implicitly refer to rooms of the generally adopted rectangular shape. However, the proposed system provides great flexibility of shapes, which are reflected in a wide variety of floor shapes, shown in plan in Fig. 58, such floors can be curved, triangular, etc. In such cases, the floor fastening elements may not agree with those of the walls resting on said floors, which are illustrated in more detail in Figs. 59 and 60. Fig. 59 shows a hollow floor formed by hollow slabs 72 - as occurs, for example, in cast concrete floors such as slabs - and a diagonally oriented wall formed by slabs 11 '. . In accordance with this illustration, the members 142 are used for supporting and securing the members 142 comprising in the upper vertical portion a multifunctional lock 144 to which the plates 11 'are conventionally fixed. The lower portion 143 of the elements 142 is flat and is fixed by means of adhesive to the floor, in which case the indentations 12 'are made to eliminate the frame walls of the plates 72 in the gluing regions.

For freer shaped walls, for example a curved shape such as that shown in Fig. 60, the elements 145 used to join the boards 11 'with the floor have a smaller base 146, allowing full freedom of form for said wall. . Fig. 62 illustrates some variations in the spacer pins as well as in the shapes of their heads (square, hexagonal, etc.). The set of Figs. 63, 64, 65 and 66 illustrates an alternative form of ladder construction with cantilevered steps. According to the invention, the stairs comprise three basic parts: a) support structure, which may be in the form of flat slab such as 97 in Fig. 40, rectangular beam 193 as in Fig. 65, circular as in Fig. 66, or any other format, according to the aesthetic requirements of the project; b) interleaving, that is, the support structure for the steps, with support for the floors and mirrors, such as the structures (b) and (c) m. Fig. 41, Triangular pieces 150 and related accessories Fig. 42 or the shaped, curved strut of Fig. 64; c) floors and mirrors, which may be of any material, such as wood, marble, etc., provided with locking elements on the heads of the permanent fixing pins according to Figs. already mentioned. Attachment by snapping-in has the advantage of allowing easy replacement of worn steps or mirrors, or modifying the aesthetic aspect of the ladder without any structural reform of the ladder. The foregoing descriptions do not exhaust the possibilities of the proposed method and system, and modifications may be made within the skill of the art.

Thus, for example, the permanent anchor pins 14 may be advantageously used in retaining wall structures, as the central holes of these pins provide water drainage pathways, allowing gradual drying of the earth contained by the wall.

In addition, the securing and spacing pins can be used to pass the electrical wiring conductors between opposite faces of a structure or through cavities, such as the wire 23 shown in Fig. 5. Details of these passages can be seen. in Figs. 67, 68 and 69. The passage of a low voltage conductor 151, which is inserted into the hollow space inside the retaining pin and spaced through a hole in the head 154, is shown in Fig. 68. Of course, this hole can be provided with mounting heads of various types, such as the double head 155 in the same figure, or the cylindrical head 156 or the snap-in head 157 shown in Fig. 69. For high voltage connections, for example, between outside and inside high-voltage industrial buildings or cabs, the center channel of the spacer pin whose larger diameter allows the passage of conductors with larger diameter insulating caps, such as conductor 152 in Fig. 67. In the figure, it is noted that a medium voltage conductor 153 may be inserted into the gap between the segmented rings of an intermediate order pin.

In addition to its use in the construction of erected and molded structures at the jobsite, the proposed system also lends itself to use in metal or factory precast structures for later use on site. Figures 70 to 73 illustrate said possibilities. In Fig. 70 there is a metal beam 170 provided in its tabs with permanent fixing pins 14. Fig. 71 illustrates an alternative way of fixing the permanent pins in the tabs of beam 172 by means of pins 171 which are coupled with screw screws in the internally located portion (between the tabs). Fig. 72a shows a precast concrete beam 173 in which the permanent clamping studs 81 which match the smaller diameter studs 83 are embedded. The detail of Fig. 72b shows a sectional view thereof beam 173 with the permanent 81 embedded in the concrete. Fig. 73 shows a prefabricated slab 174, which is cast in the plant with the permanent pins 81 already in place, so as to allow the subsequent fixation of ceilings, floors, etc., when installed by crane in the building for which is intended.

Accordingly, the invention is defined and delimited by the following claim table.

Claims (35)

1. STANDARDIZED PERMANENT PRE-FIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION, where the fixing points (15) are distributed in the structures with standardized distances between them, which serves as a standard for the attachment of any type of general forming system and manufacturing, and standardization for use and standardized permanent pre-fixation for harmony of installation and conservation in structures, based entirely on prefabricated parts, characterized by the fact that they include multifunctional or economical spacers (14, 32, 84, 85), structural plates (11, 11a, 11b, 12) or finishing (10, 13, 91, 95, 128, 130, 131, 132, 133, 153, 154) and multifunction latches (64, 65, 69, 71, 144) for provision of the union between them. STANDARDIZED PERMANENT PRE-FIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 1, characterized in that said spacers (14, 32, 84, 85) perform the function of spacers and support means between structural plates (11, 11a, 11b, 12) or finishing (10, 13, 91, 95, 128, 130, 131, 132, 133, 153, 154) as well as structural reinforcement elements comprising reinforcement (90, 94, 97, 197 ) STANDARDIZED PERMANENT PRE-FIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 2, characterized in that said spacers are provided with fastening and retaining means (16, 17, 25, 37, 42) from other system elements. STANDARD PERMANENT PREFIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that said spacers are configured as pins (14, 32, 35, 36, 43, 81, 83, 89, 171). of substantially tubular cylindrical shape. STANDARD PERMANENT PRE-FIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to Claim 4, characterized in that said pins (14, 36, 43, 83) are provided with retaining elements or heads (17, 37) of the plates. at least one of its ends. STANDARDIZED PERMANENT PRE-FIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to Claim 4, characterized in that said pins (14, 35, 36) have retaining or locking elements (28, 39) on at least one of their surfaces. (external or internal). PERMANENT STANDARD PREFIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 6, characterized in that the diameters of said pins (14, 35, 36, 43, 81, 89) are arranged in stepped order, in which the pins of each echelon are slip-fit into those pins of the next highest order. STANDARD PERMANENT PRE-FIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to Claim 7, characterized in that said pins are provided with mechanical means of reciprocal retention or locking (28, 39). STANDARD PERMANENT PREFIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to Claim 4, characterized in that said pins (14, 32, 35, 36) are positioned with orientation substantially perpendicular to said structural plates (11, 12, 18). ) or finishing (10, 13). STANDARD PERMANENT PRE-FIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claims 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that said reciprocal mechanical means of retention or locking (28) are made of bayonet elements, the locking and unlocking being provided by rotation about a longitudinal axis in an arc less than one full turn. STANDARDIZED PERMANENT PRE-FIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 10, characterized in that said retaining and locking means are provided with a plurality of segmented ring-shaped shoulders (28) surrounding the inner cylindrical surfaces. and external to said pins, the protruding segments of the rings implying slightly smaller arcs than the intervals between them. STANDARDIZED PERMANENT PRE-FIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 4, characterized in that said pins comprise a first portion provided with retention and locking means and a second spacer portion (19), provided with means for plate fixation at its end (17, 37). STANDARD PERMANENT PRE-FIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claims 6, 7, 8, 9 or 11, characterized in that said pins have passageways for general purpose internal and external wiring conductors (low or medium voltage) also allowing the passage of high voltage conductors in the central channel. STANDARD PERMANENT PREFIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to Claim 1, characterized in that said structural plates are cast (45, 70) or closed (11, 11a, 11b, 11c, 96). STANDARD PERMANENT PRE-FIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 14, characterized in that said closed structural plates form reusable modular template forms (96, 196) for concreting walls, slabs, beams or columns. PERMANENT PERMANENT PREFIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to Claim 1, characterized in that said structural or finishing plates delimit cavities (20, 30) formed by parallel piemes. STANDARDIZED PERMANENT PRE-FIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 16, characterized in that said cavities formed between two planes, formed by structural or finishing plates, contain pipes (21), wiring (23), panels electrical or electronic devices, or communications, supervision, control, alarm, or information processing devices. PERMANENT STANDARD PREFIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to Claim 16, characterized in that said cavities formed between two planes, formed by structural or finishing plates, contain water storage systems (40). STANDARDIZED PERMANENT PRE-FIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to Claim 18, characterized in that said water storage systems (40) comprise water treatment or pretreatment systems. PERMANENT PERMANENT PRE-FIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to Claim 19, characterized in that said treatment or pretreatment systems (40) process wastewater. STANDARD PERMANENT PRE-FIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to Claim 14, characterized in that each hollow plate (70, 72) is made up of horizontally and vertically oriented cross-sectioned rails with means (15) of the ends of the fastener or spacer pins at each intersection. STANDARD PERMANENT PREFIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 14, characterized in that said closed plates (11, 11a, 11b, 11c, 96) can have structural, decorative or both functions simultaneously. PERMANENT STANDARD PREFIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claims 14, 15 or 21, characterized in that said plates ((11, 11a, 11b, 11c, 70, 72) are provided with one of the four types of rectangular gutter channels comprising: - single-toothed channel (side teeth, 58) - double-toothed channel (side teeth. 62 and up, 63) - lowered single-toothed channel (side teeth, 56) - Smooth channel (without teeth). STANDARDIZED PERMANENT PRE-FIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to Claim 23, characterized in that said rails provide the mutual retaining and locking means (64, 65, 66, 69, 71) of said plates. PERMANENT STANDARD PREFIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to Claim 23 or 24, characterized in that said rails are delimited by frame walls (55, 57, 61) perpendicular to the plane of the plates, delimiting four rectangular regions. forming symmetrical frames in relation to the main axes of said plates. STANDARDIZED PERMANENT PRE-FIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to Claim 25, characterized in that, along said frame walls of substantially prismatic tooth series comprising one of the following possibilities: - single teeth (teeth) lateral, 58); - double teeth (lateral teeth, 62 and upper, 63); - single side teeth (56) in recessed walls (55). STANDARDIZED PERMANENT PRE-FIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 26, characterized in that the retention and mutual locking between adjacent plates, joined by their edges, provided by cooperating multifunctional locks (64, 65, 66) with the elements (58, 56, 62, 63) of said frame walls (55, 57, 61). STANDARD PERMANENT PRE-FIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to Claim 27, characterized in that said multifunction locks (64, 65, 66) provide the following functions: - splice the plates (1 la, 1 lb, 1 1c) to each other; - provide fixing points for protective support for finishing plates; - provide attachment points for use of any type of system. PERMANENT PERMANENT PRE-FIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that said multifunction locks are reusable and comprise a first, lower drawer-shaped component (110-b) fitted within the plate rail by locking the latch on said channel when horizontally displaced, and a second upper component (110a) which varies according to use. STANDARDIZED PERMANENT PRE-FIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 29, characterized in that said upper component comprises: - hole-free upper component (110-a, 69), used for splicing tooth canal plates simple (lowered or not); - upper component (66) with holes (67), used for splicing double-toothed channel plates (62, 63). STANDARDIZED PERMANENT PRE-FIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 28, characterized in that said attachment between adjacent plates is provided by longitudinally positioned multifunction lock (65, 71) or transversely positioned multifunction lock (66). STANDARD PERMANENT PREFIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 31, characterized in that said longitudinal positioning is one in which one end of the multifunctional lock (65, 71) is inserted into the rail of a first plate and the the other end is inserted into the rail of the second plate in a butt joint. STANDARDIZED PERMANENT PRE-FIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 31, characterized in that said transverse positioning is one in which an edge of the multifunctional lock (66) is engaged in the frame wall of a first plate and the opposite edge of the multifunction lock is set into the frame wall of the second plate adjacent to the first in top joint. 34. STANDARDIZED PERMANENT PRE-FIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises stiffening bars (38) for supporting structures in overlapping pavements such as slabs (46, 47, 49) of reinforced concrete. STANDARD PERMANENT PRE-FIXING SYSTEM FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION according to Claim 15, characterized in that the butt joint between the jig-form plates (96, 196) is provided with "lock" elements (98) .