[go: up one dir, main page]

BR9908944A - Espuma de células abertas e processo para produzì-la - Google Patents

Espuma de células abertas e processo para produzì-la

Info

Publication number
BR9908944A
BR9908944A BR9908944-0A BR9908944A BR9908944A BR 9908944 A BR9908944 A BR 9908944A BR 9908944 A BR9908944 A BR 9908944A BR 9908944 A BR9908944 A BR 9908944A
Authority
BR
Brazil
Prior art keywords
open cell
foam
produce
cell foam
ethylene
Prior art date
Application number
BR9908944-0A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Chung P Park
Daniel D Imeokparia
Bharat I Chaudhary
Original Assignee
Dow Chemical Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dow Chemical Co filed Critical Dow Chemical Co
Publication of BR9908944A publication Critical patent/BR9908944A/pt

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0061—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
    • C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
    • C08J2201/03—Extrusion of the foamable blend
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
    • C08J2205/04—Foams characterised by their properties characterised by the foam pores
    • C08J2205/05—Open cells, i.e. more than 50% of the pores are open
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2325/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2325/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
    • C08J2325/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2325/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2325/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
    • C08J2325/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
    • C08J2325/06—Polystyrene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2423/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2425/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
    • C08L23/0807—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons only containing four or more carbon atoms
    • C08L23/0838—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons only containing four or more carbon atoms with monomers including an aromatic carbocyclic ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L25/00—Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
    • C08L25/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

''ESPUMA DE CéLULAS ABERTAS E PROCESSO PARA PRODUZì-LA''. Uma espuma de poliestireno de células abertas é provida a qual é formada a partir de uma mistura de poliestireno e um interpolímero de etileno-estireno. O interpolímero de etileno-estireno funciona como um agente abridor de célula, e é usado para controlar o teor de células abertas da espuma resultante, a qual pode conter mais que 80 por cento de células abertas. A espuma é produzida por um processo de extrusão no qual dióxido de carbono é usado como o agente de sopro preferido. As espumas resultantes podem ser formadas em glóbulos, pranchas, redondos, folhas, etc.
BR9908944-0A 1998-03-16 1999-03-15 Espuma de células abertas e processo para produzì-la BR9908944A (pt)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US7809198P 1998-03-16 1998-03-16
PCT/US1999/005706 WO1999047592A1 (en) 1998-03-16 1999-03-15 Open-cell foam and method of making

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
BR9908944A true BR9908944A (pt) 2000-11-14

Family

ID=22141854

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
BR9908944-0A BR9908944A (pt) 1998-03-16 1999-03-15 Espuma de células abertas e processo para produzì-la

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US6093752A (pt)
EP (1) EP1068260A1 (pt)
JP (1) JP2002506903A (pt)
KR (1) KR20010041898A (pt)
CN (1) CN1298423A (pt)
AU (1) AU747560B2 (pt)
BR (1) BR9908944A (pt)
CA (1) CA2324277A1 (pt)
HU (1) HUP0101185A3 (pt)
IL (1) IL138332A0 (pt)
NO (1) NO20004632L (pt)
PL (1) PL342932A1 (pt)
TR (1) TR200002668T2 (pt)
TW (1) TW457265B (pt)
WO (1) WO1999047592A1 (pt)

Families Citing this family (46)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8678042B2 (en) 1995-09-28 2014-03-25 Fiberspar Corporation Composite spoolable tube
US7498509B2 (en) 1995-09-28 2009-03-03 Fiberspar Corporation Composite coiled tubing end connector
US5921285A (en) 1995-09-28 1999-07-13 Fiberspar Spoolable Products, Inc. Composite spoolable tube
GB9701291D0 (en) * 1997-01-22 1997-03-12 Ici Plc Closed cell polymer foam
US6048909A (en) * 1998-12-04 2000-04-11 The Dow Chemical Company Foams having increased heat distortion temperature made from blends of alkenyl aromatic polymers and alpha-olefin/vinyl or vinylidene aromatic and/or sterically hindered aliphatic or cycloaliphatic vinyl or vinylidene interpolymers
DE19921386A1 (de) 1999-05-10 2000-11-16 Basf Ag Offenzellig Partikelschaumstoffe
US6613811B1 (en) * 1999-06-03 2003-09-02 Trexel, Inc. Microcellular thermoplastic elastomeric structures
WO2001015882A1 (en) * 1999-08-30 2001-03-08 Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. Production method for thermoplastic resin foam, molding mold therefor and thermoplastic resin foam
CA2398123A1 (en) * 1999-12-03 2001-06-07 The Dow Chemical Company Halogenated fire-retardant compositions and foams and fabricated articles therefrom
AU2001227318A1 (en) * 2000-01-19 2001-07-31 The Dow Chemical Company Acoustical insulating foam from compatibilized blends of vinyl aromatic polymersand alpha-olefin polymers
ATE285957T1 (de) * 2000-06-13 2005-01-15 Silver Plastics Gmbh & Co Kg Verpackungsschale aus schaumstoff und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
DE10055084A1 (de) * 2000-11-07 2002-06-13 Basf Ag Flexible, offenzellige, mikrozelluläre Polymerschäume
WO2002068530A2 (en) * 2001-02-27 2002-09-06 The Dow Chemical Company Polymer compositions comprising crosslinkable substantially random terpolymers of ethylene, propylene, and vinyl aromatic monomers and articles fabricated therefrom.
WO2002088587A1 (en) 2001-04-27 2002-11-07 Fiberspar Corporation Buoyancy control systems for tubes
ITMI20012168A1 (it) * 2001-10-18 2003-04-18 Enichem Spa Polimeri vinilaromatici espandibili e procedimento per la loro preparazione
US20030082343A1 (en) * 2001-11-01 2003-05-01 Brucker Michel J. Bendable polymeric foam with a reinforced slit
WO2003083338A1 (en) 2002-03-29 2003-10-09 Fiberspar Corporation Systems and methods for pipeline rehabilitation
US7144925B2 (en) * 2002-05-09 2006-12-05 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Fire resistance acoustic foam
US7124910B2 (en) * 2003-09-19 2006-10-24 Pactiv Corporation Leak-resistant polymeric foam containers
US9359481B2 (en) 2003-11-26 2016-06-07 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Thermoplastic foams and method of forming them using nano-graphite
US8568632B2 (en) * 2003-11-26 2013-10-29 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Method of forming thermoplastic foams using nano-particles to control cell morphology
US20080287560A1 (en) * 2004-12-31 2008-11-20 Loh Roland R Polymer foams containing multi-functional layered nano-graphite
US7358282B2 (en) * 2003-12-05 2008-04-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Low-density, open-cell, soft, flexible, thermoplastic, absorbent foam and method of making foam
CA2490176C (en) 2004-02-27 2013-02-05 Fiberspar Corporation Fiber reinforced spoolable pipe
US7291382B2 (en) 2004-09-24 2007-11-06 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Low density flexible resilient absorbent open-cell thermoplastic foam
US9187608B2 (en) 2005-09-08 2015-11-17 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Polystyrene foam containing a modifier-free nanoclay and having improved fire protection performance
US20070173554A1 (en) * 2005-10-27 2007-07-26 Yadollah Delaviz Method of manufacturing polystyrene foam with polymer processing additives
US8158689B2 (en) * 2005-12-22 2012-04-17 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Hybrid absorbent foam and articles containing it
US8187687B2 (en) 2006-03-21 2012-05-29 Fiberspar Corporation Reinforcing matrix for spoolable pipe
US7762175B1 (en) 2006-11-30 2010-07-27 Honeywell International Inc. Spaced lightweight composite armor
US8671992B2 (en) 2007-02-02 2014-03-18 Fiberspar Corporation Multi-cell spoolable composite pipe
US8746289B2 (en) 2007-02-15 2014-06-10 Fiberspar Corporation Weighted spoolable pipe
US20080242752A1 (en) * 2007-03-28 2008-10-02 Yadollah Delaviz Polystyrene foams incorporating nanographite and HFC-134
CA2641492C (en) 2007-10-23 2016-07-05 Fiberspar Corporation Heated pipe and methods of transporting viscous fluid
EP2270091B1 (en) 2008-04-15 2014-07-30 Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Thermoplastic resin composition
US9127546B2 (en) 2009-01-23 2015-09-08 Fiberspar Coproation Downhole fluid separation
US8955599B2 (en) 2009-12-15 2015-02-17 Fiberspar Corporation System and methods for removing fluids from a subterranean well
CA2783764C (en) 2009-12-15 2017-08-15 Fiberspar Corporation System and methods for removing fluids from a subterranean well
US8517184B2 (en) 2010-09-30 2013-08-27 Baker Hughes Incorporated Anisotropic filtration media
WO2012089574A1 (de) 2010-12-28 2012-07-05 Basf Se Schaumstoffplatte auf basis von styrolpolymer-polyolefin-mischungen
US8832888B2 (en) 2011-07-29 2014-09-16 Dreamwell, Ltd. Mattress and side rail assemblies having high airflow
US8984690B2 (en) * 2011-07-29 2015-03-24 Dreamwell, Ltd. Mattress and side rail assembly with high airflow
WO2014026190A1 (en) 2012-08-10 2014-02-13 National Oilwell Varco, L.P. Composite coiled tubing connectors
ES2592537T3 (es) * 2012-09-25 2016-11-30 Dow Global Technologies Llc Espuma termoplástica nanocelular y proceso para obtener la misma
CN108864470A (zh) * 2018-06-29 2018-11-23 芜湖市新京桥包装科技有限公司 一种提升聚氨酯板孔隙率的发泡剂
CN109897293A (zh) * 2019-03-05 2019-06-18 天津格亚德新材料科技有限公司 一种超低导热系数门窗附件隔热材料制品

Family Cites Families (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4076698A (en) * 1956-03-01 1978-02-28 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Hydrocarbon interpolymer compositions
US3117945A (en) * 1960-01-04 1964-01-14 Union Carbide Corp Compositions comprising styrene homopolymer and styrene-ethylene copolymer and method therefor
US3573152A (en) * 1969-07-29 1971-03-30 Foster Grant Co Inc Thermoplastic elongated cellular products
US4323528A (en) * 1980-08-07 1982-04-06 Valcour Imprinted Papers, Inc. Method and apparatus for making large size, low density, elongated thermoplastic cellular bodies
US4605682A (en) * 1985-02-04 1986-08-12 The Dow Chemical Company Lightly crosslinked polyethylene polystyrene blend foams and process for making
US5096867A (en) * 1990-06-04 1992-03-17 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Monocyclopentadienyl transition metal olefin polymerization catalysts
US5055438A (en) * 1989-09-13 1991-10-08 Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc. Olefin polymerization catalysts
US4824720A (en) * 1988-02-11 1989-04-25 The Dow Chemical Company Coalesced polyolefin foam having exceptional cushioning properties
NZ235032A (en) * 1989-08-31 1993-04-28 Dow Chemical Co Constrained geometry complexes of titanium, zirconium or hafnium comprising a substituted cyclopentadiene ligand; use as olefin polymerisation catalyst component
US5057475A (en) * 1989-09-13 1991-10-15 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Mono-Cp heteroatom containing group IVB transition metal complexes with MAO: supported catalyst for olefin polymerization
EP0584276B2 (en) * 1991-04-30 1999-08-25 The Dow Chemical Company Perforated plastic foam and process for making
JP3216748B2 (ja) * 1993-07-23 2001-10-09 出光興産株式会社 芳香族ビニル化合物重合体組成物の製造触媒及びそれを用いた芳香族ビニル化合物重合体組成物の製造方法
US5411687A (en) * 1994-06-23 1995-05-02 The Dow Chemical Company Extruded, open-cell alkenyl aromatic polymer foam and process for making
US5674916A (en) * 1995-04-27 1997-10-07 The Dow Chemical Company Extruded, open-cell microcellular alkenylaromatic polymer foams and process for making
WO1997022455A1 (en) * 1995-12-20 1997-06-26 The Dow Chemical Company Fast cure of high density ethylene polymer foams
JP2001500175A (ja) * 1996-09-04 2001-01-09 ザ ダウ ケミカル カンパニー アルファ―オレフィンのインターポリマーを含むブレンド物
US5962545A (en) * 1997-06-23 1999-10-05 The Dow Chemical Company Method of enhancing open cell formation in alkenyl aromatic polymer foams

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IL138332A0 (en) 2001-10-31
TW457265B (en) 2001-10-01
NO20004632D0 (no) 2000-09-15
TR200002668T2 (tr) 2001-02-21
NO20004632L (no) 2000-11-08
KR20010041898A (ko) 2001-05-25
HUP0101185A2 (hu) 2001-07-30
AU747560B2 (en) 2002-05-16
CA2324277A1 (en) 1999-09-23
EP1068260A1 (en) 2001-01-17
US6093752A (en) 2000-07-25
JP2002506903A (ja) 2002-03-05
PL342932A1 (en) 2001-07-16
HUP0101185A3 (en) 2002-06-28
CN1298423A (zh) 2001-06-06
WO1999047592A1 (en) 1999-09-23
AU3091999A (en) 1999-10-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
BR9908944A (pt) Espuma de células abertas e processo para produzì-la
CA2132448A1 (en) Polystyrene foam and process for making the same
ES2194026T3 (es) Negro de humo compatibilizado y procedimiento y metodo para utilizarlo.
BR9914313A (pt) Composição polimérica espumada e retardante de chama e gel espumável para preparar dita composição
DE69942008D1 (de) Flammhemmende mikroporöse polymere schäume
BR9810125A (pt) Composição de polìmero aromático de monivinilideno modificado com borracha e seu processo de produção
BR0317611A (pt) Métodos para produção de formulações farmacêuticas que compreendem micropartìculas aglomeradas
BR9900855A (pt) Agente absorvente de água e seus processos de produção e uso.
KR920014465A (ko) 입욕제
ES478534A1 (es) Un procedimiento para la preparacion de una varilla de fil- tro de acetato de celulosa espumoso de celulas abiertas y - de tipo plastificado.
ATE139791T1 (de) Expandierbare styrolpolymerisate, enthaltend als treibmittel kohlendioxid
BR9507864A (pt) Espuma de polímero etilénco de baixa densidade e processo para fazer uma espuma de polímero etiléncio de baixa densidade
EP1024163A4 (en) EXTRUDED POLYSTYRENE FOAM AND PRODUCTION METHOD THEREFOR
BR9903757A (pt) Materiais novos e úteis, melhorados para a construção de engenharia baseado em materiais plásticos reciclados ou novos feitos de materiais e métodos de fazê-los
CO4410417A1 (es) Espuma de material plastico y metodo para manufacturarla
BR9902740A (pt) Deque de um cortador rotativo
ES2171422T3 (es) Procedimiento de produccion de una estructura de espuma estirenica unimodal.
EP1219673A3 (en) Blowing agents blend for producing extruded thermoplastic foams
DE3674704D1 (de) Herstellung von styrenpolymerschaum und so erzeugter schaum.
WO1996018672A3 (de) Mit kohlendioxid getriebener schaum aus styrolpolymeren
ES2152951T3 (es) Espumas de polimero alquenil-aromatico y procedimiento para su preparacion.
EP1054033A4 (en) EXTRUSION EXPANDED PANEL MADE OF A MIXTURE OF RESINS COMPRISING A MODIFIED POLYPROPYLENE RESIN AND A POLYSTYRENE RESIN
ATE184825T1 (de) Extrudierter polypropylenschaum mit geschlossenen zellen
ATE195330T1 (de) Unter verwendung halogenfreier treibmittel hergestellte schaumstoffplatten
MX2007002580A (es) Espumas termoplasticas hechas con agentes de soplado basados en formiato de metilo.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FA10 Dismissal: dismissal - article 33 of industrial property law
B11Y Definitive dismissal - extension of time limit for request of examination expired [chapter 11.1.1 patent gazette]