BG66831B1 - Antenna system for unmanned flying apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an antenna system for two-way radio communication between an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a ground station. It finds application in controlling and receiving information from an unmanned aerial vehicle, which uses circular polarization of the electromagnetic field of its antenna and dynamically controls the directional pattern of the antenna depending on the current orientation of the UAV relative to the ground station. The antenna system on board of the UAV consists of three elements (1x, 1y and 1z) built into the plumage of the flying apparatus. They are connected bilaterally with a switch unit (2), three of the outputs of which are connected respectively to the three inputs of a preamplifier (3), the outputs of which are connected to the respective three inputs of a unit for dephasing and adaptation of the receiving path (4). The output of the latter is connected to the input of a receiver (5), and the output of the autopilot (7) is connected to the fourth input of the unit (4 '). To three of the inputs of the switch unit (2) are connected respectively the three outputs of the second unit for dephasing and adaptation of the transmission path (4 ''), to the input of which is connected the output of a transmitter (6) , as the second output of the autopilot (7) is connected to the second input of the block (4 ''). The output of a control unit (8) is connected to the fourth input of the switch unit (2), which is in two-way connection with the receiver (5) and the transmitter (6). 1 claim, 2 figures

Description

Field of technology

The invention relates to an antenna system consisting of an aircraft and a terrestrial antenna. It is used for two-way radio communication between an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a ground station. The application is for controlling and receiving information from an unmanned aerial vehicle heavier than air, which uses circular polarization of the electromagnetic field of the antennas and dynamically controls the directional pattern of the aircraft antenna depending on the current orientation of the UAV.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

An antenna system for an unmanned aerial vehicle is known, consisting of an aircraft and a terrestrial antenna, which by means of a suitable spatial construction of the conductive elements of the aircraft antenna achieves circular polarization and is close to an isotropic radiation pattern. The terrestrial antenna of the respective antenna system, using the same principle, again achieves circular polarization and strongly directed radiation pattern as the direction of the diagram in the direction of the aircraft is performed according to data from the UAV positioning system transmitted by telemetry.

An antenna system for an unmanned aerial vehicle is also known, which is based on phase arrays, passive or active, in order to achieve electronic directing and circular polarization of the ground and aircraft antenna.

Disadvantages of the known antenna systems are that the radiation pattern of the flight antenna is not isotropic and is characterized by areas with very low gain in its radiation pattern. Also, in the case of antennas realized by phase arrays, there is a need for a volume in which to place the individual antenna elements. This volume disrupts the aerodynamics of the aircraft, especially in smaller unmanned aerial vehicles, and requires additional construction built in or on the outside of the UAV hull.

Technical essence of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide an antenna system for an unmanned aerial vehicle devoid of these disadvantages.

According to the invention, the problem is solved by creating an antenna system for an unmanned aerial vehicle, consisting of an aircraft and a ground antenna, the aircraft antenna consisting of three antenna elements located on the three axes of a rectangular coordinate system and embedded in the tail of the aircraft, switch, preamplifier, phase correction units (dephasing), autopilot, receiver, transmitter and command unit on board the UAV.

Advantages of the invention

The advantages of the invention are that at all times the flight antenna diagram is directed at its maximum to the ground station. The three vibrators (dipoles) of which the flight antenna consists are built into the stabilizers and the fuselage on the side of the UAV's plumage, which eliminates the need for additional structures in or on the outside of its hull, which improves the aerodynamic and mass characteristics of the UAV. .

Explanation of the attached figures

An exemplary embodiment is shown in the accompanying figures, where:

Figure 1 is a diagram of the location of the flight antenna in the UAV hull; Figure 2 is a block diagram of the antenna system on board the UAV.

An embodiment of the invention

According to FIG. 1 The three antenna elements 1 ^x , 1 ^y and l ^z are directed along the three axes X, Y and Z of a rectangular coordinate system and are built into the existing construction of a classical UAV plumage. FIG. 1-6 illustrate the arrangement of the three antenna elements in the V-shaped plumage of a UAV.

Descriptions of issued patents for inventions № 03.2 / 29.03.2019

According to FIG. 2 (block diagram of the antenna system on board the UAV consists of the three constituent elements 1 ^x , 1 ^y and l ^z of the flight antenna, bilaterally connected respectively to three of the inputs of switch unit 2, the three outputs of which are connected respectively to the three inputs of the preamplifier 3, the outputs of which are connected to the respective three inputs of a unit for phase shifting and matching of the receiving path 4 ', the output of which is connected to the input of receiver 5, and to the fourth input of block 4' is connected one of the outputs of three of the inputs of the switching unit 2 are connected respectively the three outputs of the second unit for dephasing and coordination of the transmission path 4, to one input of which the output of the transmitter 6 is connected, the second output of the autopilot 7 is connected to the second input of the unit 4. To the fourth input of the switch unit 2 is connected the output of the control unit 8, which is in two-way connection with the receiver 5 and the transmitter 6.

Device operation

The antenna system of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operates as follows.

Depending on the current orientation of the UAV, the autopilot 7 sends control signals to the dephasing and matching units 4 'and 4, respectively. In receiving mode, the receiving phase defusing and matching unit 4' receives an amplified signal from the preamplifier 3, which in turn receives a signal from the switch unit 2 and which signal is received in it from the antenna elements 1 ^x , 1 ^Y and l ^z . This signal unit 4 'sends to the receiver 5. In transmission mode, the second unit for phase shifting and coordination of the transmission path 4 receives a signal from the transmitter 6, which signal through the switch unit 2 reaches the antenna elements 1 ^x , 1 ^y and l ^z .

Thus, due to the fact that the three antenna elements 1 ^x , 1 ^y and l ^z are located on the three axes of a rectangular (or close to the rectangular) coordinate system OXYZ and by appropriate dephasing, a circular polarization of the antenna pattern is obtained. and maximum gain in the direction of the ground station is ensured without the need to use additional internal or external antenna elements for the aircraft body.

Claims (1)

Patent claims An antenna system for an unmanned aerial vehicle, consisting of an aircraft antenna, a switch unit, a preamplifier, an autopilot, a receiver, a transmitter and a control unit, characterized in that the three elements (1 ^x , 1 ^y and l ^z ) of the antenna are located in the existing plumage of the aircraft and are connected bilaterally to the switch unit (2), the three outputs of which are connected respectively to the three inputs of the preamplifier (3), the outputs of which are connected to the respective three inputs of the unit for dephasing and receiving tract (4 '), the output of which is connected to the input of the receiver (5), as to the fourth input of the unit (4') is connected one of the outputs of the autopilot (7), and to three of the inputs of the switch unit (2) ) are connected respectively the three outputs of the second unit for dephasing and coordination of the transmission path (4), to the first input of which the output of the transmitter (6) is connected, and the other output of the autopilot (7) is connected to the second input of the unit. dephasing and coordination of p the transmission path (4), wherein the output of the control unit (8) is connected to the fourth input of the switching unit (2), which is in two-way connection with the receiver (5) and the transmitter (6).