BG113193A - Device for generating lift and thrust, based on the principle of symmetrical circulation of a swash plate in an air current, in vertical take-off and landing aircraft and for generating electrical power in wind and water generators - Google Patents

Abstract

The device finds application in aviation and in the generation of electrical power from wind and water generators. It allows the creation of lift and thrust on the principle of the symmetrical circulation of a pendulum plate in an air current. It consists of two rotors (3) rotating in opposite directions, hinged on a trapezoidal frame (2) or rotating around a vertical mast (11), which are equipped with two to six swash plates (5) rotating from an automatic unwinding device (7), which, in certain sectors of the AOB and COD circle with an angle of 120 degrees, rotate perpendicular to the air current, creating a maximum frontal drag Q, respectively a full aerodynamic force R equal to the lift force Y. In the case of wind and water generators, the frontal drag Q exerted by the perpendicularly inverted swash plates (5), in the AOB and COD sectors of the fluid, causes the rotors (3) unwinding, which by means of the shaft (12), rotate the electric generator (13).

Description

Designation

A device for creating lift and traction force, on the principle of the symmetrical flow of a flapping plate in an air stream, in aircraft with vertical take-off and landing and for generating electrical power in wind and water generators.

Field of technique

The device is used in aviation for aircraft with vertical take-off and landing. The device is reversible and can be used to generate electrical power in wind and water generators.

Prior art

Aircraft with vertical take-off and landing /helicopters and autogyros/ are driven by rotors equipped with two or more blades, operating and creating lifting force on the principle of asymmetric flow.

Aircraft are known in which the creation of lifting force during vertical take-off and landing is achieved by means of turbojet thrust or thrust created by air fans /F-35/. In these aircraft, lift is also created on the principle of asymmetric flow.

Tilt-rotor vertical takeoff and landing aircraft have been constructed that also create lift on the asymmetric flow principle /V-22 Osprey; V-280 Valor/.

A patent was issued for a device for simultaneous creation of lifting and pulling force "ROTORLET", with number BG 50086А by the Institute for Inventions and Rationalizations.

"Susyu tech" vertical takeoff and landing devices are being developed; "D-dalus"; "Cyclo-car", in which the lifting and pulling force is created by rotating rotors with hinged plates mounted on them, which, by changing the angle of attack, create lifting and pulling force on the principle of symmetrical flow. A disadvantage of these devices is the small radius of the rotors, which requires operation at high speeds, which requires a large necessary power.

Many attempts have been made to build ornithopters, heavier-than-air flapping-wing flight-imitating devices similar to those of birds and insects, but without much success due to the effect of the physical law of scaling, or the law of the square of the cube, established by Galileo Galilei. There are maholets created by Alexander Lipish 1929.

-2Germany, Emil Hartmann 1959 England, the first full-scale 1991-2005 Harris/Delaware engine-driven mahout to achieve self-boost peel-off speed. A "Snowbird" hang glider powered by human muscle power was also built. Initially towed by a car, then flew 145 m.

In wind generators, many schemes are known, but the most used in practice is a three-bladed propeller with a large extension, mounted together with the generator on a high tower, rotating around a horizontal axis of rotation. There are also wind turbines with a vertical axis of rotation. Wind and water generators are a source of renewable energy and their importance will increase in the future.

Technical essence

In the field of aviation, the creation of lift Y, total aerodynamic force R and drag Q is based on two principles: Asymmetric and symmetrical flow of a rigid body in an air stream.

We have an asymmetric flow when the axis of symmetry of the body is at an angle to the air flow or when the body itself has an asymmetric shape. Fig.1.

On the principle of asymmetric flow, the airplane wing, the propeller, as well as the rotors of helicopters and autogyros work and create lifting force. The development of modern aviation science and aerodynamics is based entirely on this principle of creating lift Y. Under this principle, the total aerodynamic force R is decomposed into lift Y and drag Q. In general, drag is an extremely harmful phenomenon /force/ with this kind of flow, and the aspiration has always been, to keep it to a minimum.

Symmetrical flow is possible only in cases where a body has a symmetrical shape and its axis of symmetry is parallel to the air flow. Fig.2.

In a symmetrical flow of the body, the total aerodynamic force R is directed in a direction opposite to the direction of movement and is equal to the front drag Q, that is, R=Q. The flapping wings of insects and the wings of birds at a certain stage of flight work on the principle of symmetrical flow. Currently in aviation, symmetrical flow is mainly used to create drag Q, by means of air brakes, interceptors and brake parachutes.

The device for creating a lifting force based on the principle of the symmetrical flow of a flapping plate in an air stream is reversible and allows its use in a Cd copter - an aircraft for vertical take-off and landing, and a Cd generator - a generator of electric power

-3 power. These two devices make it possible to use the full head drag Q equal to the full aerodynamic force R. For convenience, the term "sweeping plate" is coined for the rotor blades of the device used in the aircraft and in the wind or water generator: The blade which creates a lifting force analogous to a flapping wing, but which does not perform cyclic movements, but which rotates constantly in a circle, turning 90° around its axis perpendicular to the air flow in a certain sector of the circle with an angle of 120°, and in the remaining sector from the circle with an angle of 240°, rotates at an angle of attack of 0°, creating minimal frontal drag.

When a body such as a flapping wing performs cyclic motions, strong moments of inertia occur initially during acceleration, then during braking and reversing. According to the cube-square law, with the proportional increase in linear size, the surface area increases to the second power, the weight to the third power, and the moments of inertia to the fifth power. As the size of the wing increases in its flapping motions, the moments of inertia increase so rapidly that the power loss becomes unreasonably large.

The task of the invention is to avoid the occurrence of moments of inertia in the flapping wing.

The task was solved by a device for creating lifting and pulling force on the principle of symmetrical flow and the use in it of a combination of counter-rotating rotors and flapping plates, which allows the action of this law to be avoided, as:

The device used in the aircraft allows to avoid the action of moments of inertia on the flapping wing.

The device used in the aircraft also allows the utilization of the gyroscopic forces Fnp and moments Mv, which appear and act in the same direction and direction as the aerodynamic forces and moments. They are not harmful, but on the contrary, lead to an additional increase in the maneuverability and characteristics of the aircraft.

When using the device, the design of the aircraft is simplified and lightened due to the absence of wings, stabilizers, aerodynamic controls and systems for their propulsion. Control is carried out by changing the direction of the vectors of aerodynamic and gyroscopic forces and moments. This change in the direction of these vectors is achieved by tilting the rotors simultaneously or separately in different directions.

The device used in the aircraft allows improving the noise characteristics during take-off and landing and during flight, as a result of the low revolutions of rotation of the rotors.

-4 The design of the aircraft using the device allows reaching higher speeds in established horizontal flight, compared to helicopters and autogyros.

The device used in the aircraft allows the combined operation and action of symmetric and asymmetric flow, using simultaneously the advantages of both methods of creating lift.

A wind turbine built on this principle is self-orienting to the direction of the wind, eliminating the need to add expensive, direction-following actuator systems.

The small sweepable area and height of the wind generator do not hinder or harm migratory birds.

The wind turbine allows adding pairs of rotors one above the other to build a column in height.

Description of attached figures

Fig.1. Asymmetric flow.

Fig.2. Symmetrical flow.

Fig. 3. Scheme of the device for creating lifting and pulling force, based on the principle of the symmetrical flow of a flapping plate in an air flow Cd copter.

Fig.4. Diagram of aerodynamic forces and moments.

Fig.5. Schematic of gyroscopic forces and moments.

Fig. 6. Diagram of forces during vertical take-off and transition to horizontal flight.

Fig. 7. Scheme of the electric power generator, based on the principle of the symmetrical flow of a flapping plate in an air flow Cd generator.

Fig. 8. Letter designations used to explain forces and moments.

Fig. 9. Scheme of the device for creating lifting and pulling force on the principle of symmetrical flow of a flapping plate in an air flow Cd copter, intended for the referee.

Implementation examples

Cd generator-generator, using the device for generating electric power on the principle of the symmetrical flow of a flapping plate in an air stream, is shown in Fig. 7. It consists of a set of two or more pairs of rotors 3, mounted on a vertical stand on a foundation 10, a mast 11, which are rotated by the wind in opposite directions

-5 directions, transmitting its winding movement to a shaft 12, which drives a direct current or alternating current generator 13. The rotors 3. are equipped with two to six blades/ vane plates/ 5, rotating in the sectors with angles AOB and COD equal to 120° from machine for turning the removing plates 7. Installing more pairs of rotors allows the generation of greater power.

The device orients itself according to the direction of the wind, eliminating the need to add expensive wind direction executive systems.

Cd copter-aircraft, or the device for creating lifting and pulling force on the principle of the symmetrical flow of a flapping plate in an air stream, is shown in Fig. 3. It consists of a body for mounting a power source/batteries/ and a platform with a pilot's seat 1, a tail beam 8, a trapezoidal frame 2 and two rotors 3 hinged to the trapezoidal frame 2. The rotors are driven by a power plant / electric motors/ 4 and rotate in opposite directions with axes of rotation parallel to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft. The rotors consist of two to six radially arranged blades /sweeping plates/ 5. The stirring plates 5 are rotated in the sectors with angles AOB and COD equal to 120° by an automatic machine for turning the sweeping plates 7, installed in the hub of each of the rotating rotors . In the rear part, on the tail beam parallel to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft 8, a tail propeller 9 is mounted, which ensures stability and controllability around the transverse axis of the aircraft. When using an internal combustion engine for a power plant, it is necessary to use a hydraulic pump and hydraulic motors included in a common hydraulic system.

Mounted on carriage system 6, allows take-off by plane.

Cd copter

Mode of operation and creation of lifting and pulling force At the stage of vertical take-off and landing

During vertical take-off and landing, the device works and creates lifting force entirely on the principle of symmetrical flow. Fig. 4. a, b; Fig. 5. a, b; Fig. 6. a. In this mode of operation in the AOV and COD sectors, the vanes are oriented and move perpendicular to the air flow, creating maximum lift /frontal drag/, since Q=R=Y. In the rest of the circle, the vanes are rotated 90° and stand at a minimum angle of attack £ in the plane of rotation, creating minimum frontal drag. It is precisely in this mode of operation that the advantage of symmetrical flow is fully manifested, in which, in other words,

-6 has no frontal drag, only full aerodynamic force, which is also lift.

At the hanging stage

The rotors 3 themselves are hinged at both ends of the frame 2 and tilt around the transverse axis Z of the aircraft. The hinges allow them to tilt forward or backward in the direction of movement of the device, rotating around the Z axis simultaneously or separately.

When they are tilted simultaneously, a lifting and pulling force is created forward in the direction of travel or backward. Fig. 4. b. c. When the rotors are tilted forward or backward individually, torques are created Fig. 4. d. f, changing the direction of movement to the left or right, since the pulling forces P are in different directions.

When rotating the rotors around their axes and tilting them simultaneously or separately, resultant forces Fnp and strong gyroscopic moments Mpr are created, which are completely identical to the aerodynamic moments and forces. Fig. 5.

The lateral displacement to the left or to the right can be achieved by increasing/decreasing the revolutions, respectively the lifting force of the right or left rotor.

At the stage of transition from hovering to horizontal flight

In Fig. 6. a, the forces acting during vertical take-off are shown and in Fig. 6. b, during the transition to horizontal flight, where in the COD sector of the rotor 3, the flapping plates 5 create a pulling force P on the principle of symmetrical flow, and in the rest of the circle, in the DOC sector of the rotor 3, they work and create a lifting force Y on the principle of asymmetric flow. At this stage, the advantages of the device are mainly apparent - combined action and operation of the symmetric and asymmetric flow, and at the same time the use of useful gyroscopic forces and moments.

In horizontal flight, the tilting of the rotors in different directions leads to the appearance of a torque tilting the device around its longitudinal axis. Fig. 4. is; Fig. 5. f.

Automatic machine for unrolling the removing plates Method of operation

The automatic machine for unrolling the lifting plates 7 converts the rotary movement into a progressive cyclic movement, at angles other than the 0^-180° cycle. In the given case, the automaton converts the rotary movement into a progressive cyclic one with a cycle of 30°-Ч50°, in sectors AOV and COD with an angle of 120°.

Claims (1)

Reversible device creating lifting and pulling force in Cd copter aircraft and generating electrical power in wind and water generators Cd generator, consisting of a trapezoidal frame (2) with two counter-rotating rotors mounted hinged at its ends (3) or a vertical mast (11) with rotors (3) rotating on it also in opposite directions, equipped with two to six blades /sweeping plates/ (5), which are unrolled by an automatic unrolling machine (7) in the sectors with an angle of 120° AOB and COD at 90° to the airflow, creating maximum frontal drag Q, respectively full aerodynamic force R equal to lift force Y, and in the remaining sector of 240° of the circle rotate below 0° to the airflow, exerting minimum frontal resistance, characterized by the fact that it creates a lifting and pulling force and generates electrical power on the principle of the symmetrical flow of a flapping plate in an air stream and that, as a result of the constant rotation is on the rotors (3), the moments of inertia at the flapping wing are avoided.