BG112021A - Method and device for thermal conversion into mechanical energy in a thermally insulated medium - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and device for converting thermal energy into a mechanical energy with performing of thermal processes in a thermally insulated medium including an external heat exchanger, a vapourizer of the working substance, and a converter of the energy of the vapourized gaseous working substance in mechanical energy, a compressor and a shaft. According to the method and the device, the first working substance is with the possibility of circulation in the range defined by the external heat exchanger (8), vapourizer (1), energy converter (6) and heat exchanger (2a). The second working substance is with the possibility of circulation in the range defined by the heat exchanger (2а), vapourizer (3а), energy converter (7а) and heat exchanger (2a). The liquid second working substance is with the possibility of circulation in the range of heat exchanger (2a) and vapourizer (3a). The gaseous last working substance is with the possibility of circulation in the range defined by a vapourizer (3), an energy converter (7), a heat exchanger (4) and a heat exchanger (25). The liquid last working substance is with the possibility of circulation in the range defined by the heat exchanger (2) and vapourizer (3). All ranges of working substances are separated from each other.

Description

MECHANICAL ENERGY IN A HEAT-INSULATED ENVIRONMENT

Technical field

The present invention relates to external combustion engines, and in particular to a method and apparatus for converting heat into mechanical energy, the processes being carried out in a thermally insulated environment.

The device according to the present invention uses a closed cycle of one or more (more than one) working substances. The conversion of heat into mechanical force and the closure of the cycle of the substances / work substance is carried out in a heat-insulated environment.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Devices for converting heat into mechanical energy by performing processes in a heat-insulated medium are known in the art.

Patent Application No. 111586 discloses a device and method for converting thermal energy into mechanical, utilizing the heat of the environment, the conversion of thermal energy to mechanical being carried out in a heat-insulated environment. The device also operates in a closed loop with sequential stacking of multiple mechanical to thermal energy converters (PTEMEs) and multiple heat exchangers. The device uses one work substance whose boiling point is lower than the ambient temperature, the duty cycle including heat exchange between the liquid and the gaseous state of the work substance. The method disclosed in this application involves two rounds of workflow.

substances that are completely isolated from each other - a circle of the gaseous working substance and a circle of the liquid working substance and stages of evaporation of the liquid working substance in an evaporator, passing the evaporated gaseous working substance through PTEME to extract mechanical energy, compress and liquefy the gaseous working substance. In this case, the evaporation of the liquid work substance is performed as a series of successive evaporation steps in a plurality of evaporators arranged sequentially in a series of decreasing pressure, and the conversion of the energy of the evaporated gaseous work substance into mechanical energy is carried out as a series of successive steps of energy conversion into multiple PTEMEs with decreasing force and each energy conversion step is preceded by a evaporation step.

Patent Application No. 111628 discloses a heat redistribution system (SDR) for increasing the efficiency of a heat-to-mechanical energy conversion device of the type disclosed in the aforementioned patent application No. 111586, wherein the SDR consists of a compressor, heat exchanger and adjustable expansion valve, the system includes one warm part and one cold part.

However, prior art devices do not sufficiently solve the problem of how to extract as fully as possible the heat transfer energy between the device's working substance and that of the heat source, converting it into mechanical energy.

This technical problem is solved by the method and apparatus for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy and the heat redistribution system of the present invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The device according to the present invention is an external combustion engine that uses the ambient temperature as a source of heat necessary for its operation. It can also work with heat sources with a higher temperature than the ambient temperature - using a heater.

The method is based on a closed cycle of one or more working substances. For exterior combustion engines, the ambient temperature is used to cool and close the cycle of the work substance. In the device according to the invention, the processes of heat conversion into work are carried out thermally isolated from the environment and the closure of the cycle of the work substance is carried out by performing work on the work substance / last work substance when the device is performed by the method with more than one work substance .

I will look at several variants of the device, implemented with two methods of converting heat into mechanical work in a thermally insulated environment.

- Method with more than one working substance

- Heat transfer method between the liquid and gaseous state of the last working substance. With this method, we can have an efficient device with one working substance, with each quantity of the substance repeatedly performing the liquid and gaseous aggregate state heat exchange with each other.

For convenience, I will introduce some abbreviations that I will use in the description:

rv - Working substance

since - Boiling point

SPT - Heat Redistribution System

PTEME - Mechanical Energy Heat Transducer.

with ♦

• · · ·

For the method with more than one working substance, I will consider devices with two and three working substances, similarly a device with more than three working substances can be made.

Each working substance performs a work which results in its being separated into a fluid and gas cycle at a given stage. The gases must be liquefied in order to have a closed cycle of operation at each one bw. The basic principle of operation of the method and apparatus according to the invention is to exert heat exchange between the heat source and the first working substance, between the gases of the first and second working substance. , between the gases of the second and third working substance, etc., each successive working substance having a boiling point (which is) lower than the boiling point of the previous working substance. In this way, each subsequent work substance "closes" the work cycle of the previous work substance. At the last working substance, we close the cycle by working on its gases to liquefy them. All working substances without the last closing of the cycle are without force - their cycle is closed due to heat exchange with the next bw. The device according to the invention will be effective when the force to be applied to close the cycle of the last bw is less than the forces produced by each bw.

Examples of carrying out the invention

The working substances of any device will be called alpha, beta, gamma, etc. The first working substance that exchanges heat with the heat source and has the highest boiling point will call it alpha. Each next one will have a lower boiling point and I will call them beta, gamma and so on.

• · • · · * «•« · • · · ·

Figure 1 shows a device using two rpm. Each working substance is closed-loop. The higher substance. I will call it - The first substance alpha exchanges in liquid state with the heat source in the heat exchanger 8. The second r.v. beta does not exchange heat with the heat source. The second rv beta exchanges only with the first r.v. alpha. The boiling point of the first r.v. alpha is higher than alpha. on the second r.v. beta beta. The source of heat required for the operation of the unit must heat the first r.v. alpha to a temperature above its boiling point.

I will look at the case when we use the environment as a source of heat - the first alpha alpha must be present because lower than ambient temperature.

Evaporator 1 in Diagram 1 is charged with liquid boiling point. since lower than ambient temperature - for example isobutane (260K since isobutane). Due to the heat exchange with the environment through a radiator 23, the temperature of the substance is equal to the ambient temperature, for example, 290K. The heat exchanger 2 and the evaporator 3 are charged with a liquid working substance (I will call it a second working substance beta) since lower than on the first rv alpha - for example ammonia (240K since ammonia). We have pre-cooled the second r.v. beta to a temperature lower than its boiling point - for example, 230K. Evaporator 1 is connected to a Mechanical Energy (PEMEM) (6) Thermal Energy Converter (for example, a turbine or a piston in a cylinder). There is a prerequisite for operation - hot and cold part when opening the valve 15 for PTEME6. The warm part is the evaporator1 with the first r.v. alpha with a temperature higher than its boiling point (in this example isobutane with a temperature of 290K) and a cold part-heat exchanger 2 with a temperature lower than bp. on the second r.v. beta - 230K as I gave as an example. After opening the valve 15 r. will evaporate in evaporator 1 and PTEME 6 will do the job. The gaseous

rv the alpha is taken to a heat exchanger 2 where it exchanges heat with the second bw. beta, which is in the heat exchanger. As a result of the heat exchange between the two working substances, the first is cooled to liquefaction and the second is warmed to a temperature higher than its boiling point. For example, the quantities are such that after heat exchanger the temperature of heat exchanger 2 becomes 250 K. So for the first r.v. the alpha cycle is closed. We have a liquid working substance in evaporator 1, which evaporates, performs the work in PTEME 6 and is liquefied in a heat exchanger 2, in which the gases give off heat to the second boiling point. beta. Pumps 9 move the liquid r.v. from heat exchanger 2 through heat exchanger 8 to evaporator 1.

Cycle of the second working substance

By the condition of the second r.v. beta is because lower than on the first rv alpha. By condition, the heat exchanger 2 and the evaporator 3 are charged with liquid boiling point. with a temperature lower than its boiling point and the heat exchanger 4 is at the same temperature. For example, I gave ammonia with a temperature of 230K. Due to heat exchange in the heat exchanger 2first alpha gives off heat to the second bw beta and the temperature of the second r.v. betase rises to values higher than its boiling point - 25OK, as I assumed above. Pumps 10 that provide the cycle of the second r.v. beta, bring in a warmed-up pc. from heat exchanger 2 to evaporator 3. For PTEM 7 there is a prerequisite to do the job - hot and cold part. Warm part Evaporator 3c liquid r.p. with a temperature above its boiling point and a cold part - heat exchanger 4 with a temperature lower than the boiling point of the second boiling point. beta. The workpiece will evaporate in evaporator 2 and perform the work in PTEM 7. The gases after PTEM 7 are discharged into the heat exchanger 4. There they are liquefied due to the low temperature created by the system consisting of a compressor, three heat exchangers and • · · β ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Heat exchanger 4, heat exchangers 25, 26, compressor 5 and expansion valve 18 form a Heat Redistribution System (SDR). The heat exchanger 4 and the heat exchangers 25, 26 are charged with a substance having a. lower than on the second r.v. beta - about CO ₂ (216K since). The temp. of SDR was initially equal to the temperature of evaporator 3 (I accepted above 23 OK). Due to the operation of compressor 5, the expansion valve 18 divides the SPT into two parts - the low pressure part of the boiler. of SPT - heat exchanger 4 and high pressure part of the boiler. of SDR heat exchangers 25, 26. When compressing the gases of SDRs in heat exchangers 25, 26, the temperature in them, and at expansion in a heat exchanger 4 r. of SPT takes heat from the heat exchanger 4. Thus, due to the operation of the co-compressor 5, the gases of the second rf. beta after PTEME 7 are cooled to liquefaction. In heat exchanger 4 we close the cycle of the second working substance.

The heat that we took to liquefy the gases in the heat exchanger 4 returns to the liquid boiling point. in the heat exchanger 25, and another portion of this amount of heat is transferred to the evaporator 3, since the heat exchanger 26 is placed in the evaporator and the heat obtained by compressing the r.v. of the SDR is given to the second p.c. beta.

The adjustable valves 16 are adjusted so that the liquid b.p. after the heat exchanger 25 be at a temperature equal to the temperature of the liquid outlet from the evaporator 3. For example, SPT takes away the heat of the gases emitting from PTEME7 and maintains the original temperature in the heat exchanger 4 - 230K, and in the heat exchanger 25 the same heat is given off. of liquid liquid and its temperature rises to 240K. The remaining amount of heat is transferred to the second bw. beta in evaporator 3 from heat exchanger 26. Pumps 10 move the liquid r.v. from the heat exchanger 4 to the heat exchanger 25, then this liquid boiling point. is collected with the liquid boiler exiting the evaporator 3. The two quantities of the working substance - from the evaporator and the liquefied gases - enter the heat exchanger 2 to exchange with the first boiling point. alpha.

In order to express the usefulness of the device, we need to look at the cycle of both working substances - we have two working substances that work in a closed liquid-gas-liquid cycle, with the two cycles exchanging heat.

The first circle circle the alpha begins before evaporator 1 and ends after heat exchange with the second bw. beta. Closing the circuit is due to heat transfer. Useful work from the first working substance:

A = (T _OK - T _ref) wherein .s.m

T _ok - temperature of the working substance at the inlet of the evaporator 1

T _O - temperature of the working substance after heat exchange with the cold part (the second working substance) with - a specific heat capacity of the working substance m - mass for a given time

In order to properly observe the amount of heat and the work done in total for the two working substances, the circle of the second p. beta should start before evaporator 3 and end after heat exchange with the first alpha working substance. In practice, this is the same point with the same temperature. The closure of the circuit is due to the work done on the work substance by the heat redistribution system. Useful work from the cycle of the second work substance:

P = (T-T _{ref OUTPUT)} .s.m = 0 where c - specific heat capacity of the second substance substance m - mass at a time • · ♦ ·

Conditionally the circle of the second substance is neutral - we have no useful work from it, but we also do not need to apply force to close the circle of the first substance alpha, which function conditionally performs the second working substance beta.

Conditionally useful for the whole device, consisting of two closed cycles of working substances exchanging heat with each other, remains only the cycle of the first working substance

A = (T _OK - T _ref) .s.m ignoring the energy required to drive the pumps.

For a two-agent unit, the total temperature difference between the start and end points of the duty cycle is from the temperature in the evaporator 1 to the temperature in the heat exchanger 4, but useful work will be equivalent to the difference in temperature between the start and end points in the cycle of the first p. in. alpha mass for a given time.

The amount of heat that is converted into mechanical work by the aggregate for the two cycles is equivalent to the temperature difference from the onset of the first alpha substance to the liquefaction temperature of the second r.v. beta, but useful work is equivalent to the difference between the initial temperature of the first alpha substance until its cycle closure in heat exchanger 2.

In some operating temperatures, we can use a compressor to liquefy the second working substance beta. In Diagram 1a, the compressor 20 compresses the gases exiting the PTEM 7 in the heat exchanger 4. Thus, the gases liquefy under the pressure created by the compressor and the low heat exchanger temperature 4 maintained by the heat redistribution system.

In addition to two working substances, an aggregate with more than two working materials can be constructed. We must follow the logic:

- heat the source of the first working substance to a temperature higher than its boiling point;

- each subsequent r.v. be with because lower than the previous rev;

- all but the first r.v. do not heat exchange with the heat source, their cycle being thermally insulated from the environment;

- each working substance, except the first and last working substances, exchanges heat in its working cycle with the adjacent two working substances - with the gases of the higher boiling point and, accordingly, its gases with the liquid boiling point. of that which has a lower boiling point, by closing the cycle of the workpiece with a higher boiling point, on the one hand, and on the other, the gases after its heat converter into mechanical energy warm the liquid workpiece with more a low boiling point to a temperature above its boiling point;

- the last rv with the lowest because we liquefy it by working on it. In some cases, we can use an SPT, a SPT and a compressor or just a compressor.

Figure 2 shows a device with three working substances. For example, the substances are isobutane (260K because), ammonia (240K because), CO2 (215K because). The heat source - the environment in this case heats the first substance to a temperature higher than its boiling point of about 290K. The heat exchanger 2a and the evaporator 3a are charged with liquid ammonia at a temperature lower than its boiling point - for example 230K. Evaporator 3 and heat exchanger 2 are charged with liquid CO2 at a temperature lower than its boiling point - for example 21 OK. The crowd redistribution system is charged with nitrogen (80K bp), with heat exchanger 4 having a temperature equal to the evaporator 2 - 21 OK.

The thermal processes and operation of the device with three rpm is analogous to yu

device with two rpm and here we have another rv. with lower boiling point - СОгDue to heat exchange in heat exchanger 2a, ammonia closes the isobutane cycle. The quantities of heat exchangers must be such that, after the heat exchange of these two substances, the first alpha isobutane pb has a temperature lower than and the second r.v. beta - ammonia with a temperature higher than its boiling point. Thus the cycle of the first r.c. the alpha is closed and there is a prerequisite for PTEME 7a to do the job. A workpiece with a temperature higher than its boiling point enters the evaporator 3a, evaporates and performs the work via PTEME 7a. The gases exiting PTEM 7a are liquefied in the heat exchanger 2. From there, the liquefied gases are collected by the liquid outlet from the evaporator 3a and fed into the heat exchanger 2a.

Similarly, after the heat exchange between the second and third working substances (ammonia - CO 2) in the heat exchanger 2, the quantities of both r.s. are such that the second r.v. - the ammonia is liquefied with a temperature lower than its boiling point (for example 23OK) and the temperature at ^? the third CO 2 rises above its boiling point (230 K since for CO 2 216 K).

After the heat exchange between the second and third rows. range performed in heat exchanger 2 for PTEME 7 has a prerequisite to do the job - rv. with a temperature above its boiling point in the evaporator 3 - a warm part, and a cold part - a heat exchanger 4, which has a predetermined temperature lower than b. on the third r. gamma (I received about 210K).

As with all devices according to the invention, a heat redistribution system performs the last bw to close its cycle, and in this embodiment, three bw. due to the operation of the SDR, CO2 gases are liquefied in the heat exchanger 4 due to the low temperature maintained by the SDR. Due to the operation of the compressor 5 and the expansion valve 18 in the heat exchanger 4, the SPT working substance expands and will absorb heat from the gases of the third boiler. gamma (gaseous gas of the device according to the invention until liquefied). In heat exchangers 25 and 26, the SPT working substance is compressed and heat is transferred to the liquid stream, respectively. the range of the device exiting the heat exchanger 4 into the heat exchanger 25 and into the heat exchanger 26 bw of the SDR gives off the heat of the river. range of the device in the evaporator 3. The adjustable valves 16 of the SPT must be so adjusted that the temperature of the liquid b.p. the range after the heat exchanger 25 is the same as the temperature of the working substance in the evaporator 3. From the heat exchanger 25, the liquefied gases are collected with the liquid third bw. range exiting evaporator 3 and pump 10 takes it to heat exchanger 2.

Gross for the three rvs we will have a temperature difference from the inlet of evaporator 1 to the heat exchanger 4. In this case, I accepted 290K - 21 OK. The useful energy will be equivalent to the temperature difference from the beginning to the closing of the second-cycle cycle. beta - from 290K temperature of the heat source (environment) to 23OK, as I assumed the temperature of the second rc. beta after heat exchange with the third r.v. range. The work received from the third rev. range will cover the work we have to do to close the cycle of the last bw. and the entire unit.

Figure 2a depicts one possible embodiment of a device with more than two rpm. using a compressor 20 to liquefy the last b.p. instead of a heat redistribution system. In Diagram 2a, the gases emitted from the PTEME 7 are fed into a compressor 20 which is pumped into the heat exchanger 26 until liquefied. The heat produced by their liquefaction is given to the liquid boiling point. in the evaporator 3. The liquefied gases and the working substance leaving the evaporator 3 are collected and the pumps 10 take it to a heat exchanger 2.

·· ·

Device and method with heat exchange between the liquid and gaseous state of the last working substance with repeated conversion of heat into mechanical energy

Figure 3 shows one possible variant of a device filled with one working substance. In order to get useful mechanical work from one substance, we have to make a quantity of p.o. to do more work than we have to spend to close his cycle. For this purpose, I will have repeated conversion of heat into mechanical energy, with the gaseous and liquid working substances exchanging heat.

All evaporators 1 in Diagram 3 1a, 1b, 1c ... 1n are charged with a liquid working substance at a temperature lower than its boiling point. The boiling point of the working substance must be such that the heat source heats the work substance to a temperature higher than its boiling point in an external heat exchanger 8. Pumps 10, placed before and after each evaporator, ensure the movement of the boiling point. through the evaporators and the external heat exchanger, the direction being from the heat exchanger 8 to the evaporator 1a, from the evaporator 1a to the evaporator 1b, to 1c .... to 1n. From the last evaporator 1n the liquid working substance is collected with the liquefied gas vapor. and goes back to the external heat exchanger 8.

A liquid working substance with a temperature higher than its boiling point enters the heat-insulated part 17 (shown in diagram 3 is thermal insulation) in evaporator 1a - I will call it the first evaporator. This raises its temperature and for PTEME 7a there is a prerequisite to do the job. Fluid rv above its boiling point - hot part and cold part - heat exchangers 21 placed in each evaporator back into the evaporator circuit 1b, 1c, ... 1n with temperature 13

lower than the boiling point of r.v. (by condition). The working substance was evaporated in evaporator 1a and PTHEME 1a performed the work. The gases after PTEME 1a pass through the heat exchangers 21 and transfer heat to the liquid stream. in each evaporator. In conjunction with the pumps 10, they provide circulation of liquid r.v. through the evaporators 1, the direction being from the first 1a to the second 1b .... to 1n, which I will call it the last evaporator. Thus, after evaporator 1a, the liquid b.p. will enter the evaporator 1b at a lower temperature as a result of the work done by the working substance in evaporator 1a. From evaporator 1b to evaporator 1c, an even colder flow will occur. due to the work done in the previous two evaporators 1a and 1b. Simultaneously with the decrease in the temperature of the liquid boiling point. will also reduce the temperature of the gaseous boiling water because the two boiling conditions of the boiling water heat exchange with each other in each evaporator. For the most efficient operation, the flow rate of the pumps 10 must be such that, in the last evaporator 1p, both the liquid and the gaseous steam are required. be at a temperature close to. of the working substance. All gases emitted from PTEME 1a, 1b, 1c ... 1n are collected in a heat exchanger 4. There, due to the operation of the heat redistribution system, we will cool them to liquefaction.

As with devices with more than one rpm, here the SDR consists of a compressor 5, an expansion valve 18 and heat exchangers 4, 25 and 26. The SDR heat exchangers 4, 25 and 26 are loaded with a boiling point substance. lower than the boiling point of r.v. Due to the operation of the compressor 5 and the expansion valve 18 in the heat exchanger 4, the SPT working substance expands and will take heat from the boiler. of the device according to the invention. In heat exchangers 25 and 26, the SPT working substance is compressed and heat is transferred to the liquid stream, respectively. of the device exiting the heat exchanger 4 into the heat exchanger 25 and in the heat exchanger 26 b.c. SPT gives off heat to

I

rv of the device in the last evaporator 1n. The adjustable valves 16 of the SPT must be so adjusted that the temperature of the liquid b.p. after the heat exchanger 25 be the same as the temperature of the working substance in the last evaporator 1n. The working substance exiting the last evaporator 1n is collected with the liquefied gases after the heat exchanger 25 and exits the heat-insulated part to heat exchange with the heat source in the heat exchanger 8. In the first evaporator 1a there will be a liquid working substance at a temperature higher than its point. at boiling point, and at the outlet we will have a liquid working substance with a temperature close to its boiling point. This difference determines the useful mechanical energy.

At startup, and in some cases, we can feed the p.o. to each evaporator by means of the parallel feed system. 24. The system for the parallel supply of a working substance to each evaporator is thermally insulated from the environment and from the heat source. The pumps 10 after the last evaporator 1n and after the heat exchanger 4 supply liquid r.p. to each evaporator. With the adjustable valves 16 of the parallel feed system, we adjust the incoming flow rates. to each evaporator. By closing and opening the closing valves 19 of the parallel feeder system. to any one evaporator 24 we can interrupt the supply of boiling water. to a pump evaporator 10.

In diagram 3c, I have depicted one possible embodiment in which the compressor 20 injects all the collected gases from the heat converters into mechanical operation in a heat exchanger 26 located in the last evaporator 1n. All the gases from PTEME 7a, 7b, 7c ... 7n are collected and the compressor 20 is forced to liquefy them in a heat exchanger 26. The heat obtained upon their liquefaction is transferred to the liquid boiling point. which is in the evaporator 7p. The liquefied gases are collected by the liquid boiler which exits the last evaporator and the pumps 10 take it to a heat exchanger 8 where it is exchanged with the heat source. This is another possible option for the effective operation of the device - the compressor 20 closes the cycle of the operating substance instead of heat redistribution system.

Diagram 3ά shows the evaporators 1c and 1n with heat exchangers 21 for heat exchange between the gases emitted from each PTEEM 7 and the liquid boiling point. in each evaporator. For PTEME 7a, which is to evaporator 1a, each of its gas exchanger placed in the evaporators back in the chain is denoted - 21aB, 21as .... 21ap. Accordingly, for TEME 7b, the heat exchangers 21 are designated as follows 21bc, 21bc1 21bp.

Device with more than one working substance and heat exchange between the liquid and gaseous states of the last working substance with repeated conversion of heat into mechanical energy

Figure 4 depicts a combined variant between a device with more than one rpm. and a device with a heat exchange between the liquid and gaseous state of the last bw. . In diagram 4, the device has two working substances, but logically there can be more. The last bw (no matter how many working substances) will perform the job repeatedly and the liquid bw will heat exchange with the gas vapor.

Evaporator 1 in Diagram 4 is charged with a liquid working substance which the heat source heats to a temperature higher than its boiling point - first rw. Evaporators 2b, 2c, 2a ..... 2n are charged with another liquid working substance with a boiling point lower than b.p. on the first rv alfavto rv beta. Initially, we cooled down the second bw. beta to a temperature lower than its boiling point. In diagram 4 I use the environment as a source of heat and water. the alpha in evaporator 1 is c

...

temperature equal to the ambient temperature due to heat exchange through a radiator 23. As in Diagram 1 (two-tier device), when opening valve 15 for PTEME 6 there is a prerequisite for operation - there is a difference in temperature between hot and cold part. The gases emitted from PTEME 6 are liquefied in a heat exchanger 21 which is in the evaporator 2b due to the low temperature (preset). After the heat exchange between the first b.c. alpha and second r.v. beta, performed in evaporator 2b, the amounts of the substances are such that the first p.v. the alpha has a temperature lower than its boiling point and the temperature of the second r.v. beta has risen above its boiling point. Pump 9 provides circulation after liquefaction of the first r.v. alpha in heat exchanger 21 through heat exchanger 8 to evaporator 1.

As with the one-barrel multiple-run option. and heat exchange between the two aggregate states, the heat received by the second substance beta from the first r.v. alpha creates a prerequisite for PTEME 7b, 7c, 7ά, ... 7p to do the job, since pumps 10 move the liquid r.v. from evaporator 2b to evaporator 2c .... to evaporator 2n. The gaseous gas heat exchange in each evaporator back into the evaporator circuit with the liquid boiling point. by means of heat exchangers 21 placed in the evaporators. The gases of all PTEME 7b, 7c, 7ά .... 7η are collected and fed into the heat exchanger 4 where they are liquefied due to the low temperature provided by the heat redistribution system. The heat exchangers 4, 25 and 26 are loaded with a substance with a boiling point lower than b.p. of the last r.v. Due to the operation of the compressor 5 and the expansion valve 18 rpm. of SPT expands in heat exchanger 4 and takes away heat and is compressed into heat exchangers 25 and 26 and there gives off heat. The heat that the expanding b.c. of SDR in heat exchanger 4 takes away from the gases of the last bw of the unit, is • 4 in Λ · · · ·

Gives to the working substance which is in the last evaporator 1n through a heat exchanger 26 and to the liquefied gases in the heat exchanger 25.

The adjustable valves 16 of the SPT are so adjusted that the temperature of the liquefied gases after the heat exchange with the compressed r.v. of SDR in heat exchanger 25 to be equalized with the temperature of the last bw of the unit in the last evaporator 1n. The liquid vapor exiting the last evaporator 1n and the liquefied gases leaving the heat exchanger 25 are collected and the pumps 10 take the last liquid working substance into the evaporator 2b to exchange heat with the first evaporator. alpha in evaporator 26.

For each chart and for each variant of the device, the following applies:

- All elements in the thermally insulated part - 17 of all diagrams are thermally insulated, thermally isolated from the environment and thermally insulated with each other. If possible, the elements in the thermally insulated part should be made of materials with low thermal conductivity

- All pumps 9, 10 are adjustable - with electric drive and electronic flow control.

- Compressors 5, 20 are adjustable - electrically operated and electronically controlled

- Expansion valve 18 is adjustable - electrically operated and electronically controlled

- Valves 16 are electrically adjustable valves

- Valves 15, 19 are electrically operated

- An electric generator (dynamo) 13, driven by a motor shaft, provides the necessary electrical energy for the operation of the electrical elements of the device

- 12 of the diagrams are gearboxes. The gearboxes 12 are for: 1. Connecting the PTEME 6, 7 and the dynamo 13 to the shaft 11,

2. Switching these elements on and off the motor shaft 11,

3. Set different rotation speeds of each element relative to the motor shaft

- 11 of the diagrams is a motor shaft

- 14 of the diagrams is a flywheel

- 17 of all diagrams is thermal insulation

- For any device according to the invention, the heat source required for the operation of the device, in addition to the environment, may be a standard heat source as shown in diagram 1b (22 in diagram 1b is, for example, a heater, burner). When the heat source has a temperature higher than the ambient temperature, the pipes through which the liquid working substance is taken to the heat exchanger (in all diagrams 8) in which the heat source heats the working substance must be thermally insulated. It is most effective if possible that the heater is thermally insulated from the environment to avoid wasting energy. It is logical to choose the work (s) according to the temperature of the heat source.

- For each device, one possible variant to liquefy the last p.v. is like a compressor (20 in diagrams 2c, 3c) compresses the gases of the last working substance until liquefaction in the last evaporator - diagrams 2c and 3c

- An effective device according to the invention may be provided with more than one working substance, all or any of its parts. works / works by the method of heat exchange between liquid and gaseous state. Each substance with a lower boiling point closes the cycle of the previous one by heat exchange with its gases and cools them to liquefaction, and on the last working substance we close the cycle by performing work on its gases with a compressor or with a system for redistribution of heat.

The foregoing description of the invention is by way of example only and is not limited to the foregoing examples, which are illustrative and are intended to illustrate the invention and should in no way be construed as limiting its scope.

Claims (10)

1 / Method for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy by performing thermal processes in a heat-insulated medium, comprising the steps of: - introducing a liquid working substance through an external heat exchanger (9); - evaporation of the liquid working substance in evaporators; - passing the evaporated gaseous working substance through an energy converter of the gaseous substance into mechanical energy; - shaft drive (8); - compressing and liquefying the gaseous work substance in a closed cycle, characterized in that the cycle of evaporation and liquefaction of the work substance is carried out with a plurality of work substances, each of which circulates in its own separate circle by performing the work, at the start of each cycle for the operation of each working substance, it is in a liquid state, the boiling point of the first working substance being lower than the temperature of the heat source, with each subsequent working substance having a temperature of a boiling run that is lower than the boiling temperature of the previous work substance and closes the circle of the previous work substance by closing the work cycle of the last work substance by performing work. Application No. 112021 Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the working substances are 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the working substances are 3. 4 / A method for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy by performing thermal processes in a heat-insulated medium, comprising the steps of: - introducing a liquid working substance through an external heat exchanger (9); - evaporation of the liquid working substance in evaporators; - passing the vaporized gaseous working substance through an energy converter of the gaseous substance into mechanical energy; - shaft drive (8); - compressing and liquefaction of the gaseous working substance in a closed cycle, characterized in that the evaporated gaseous working substance from each evaporator is separated from the liquid working substance and is separated from the evaporated gaseous working substance from each previous evaporator. The method according to claim 1-4, characterized in that only the gases of the last working substance are separated from its liquid state and from the evaporated gases of the last working substance from each previous evaporator. Application No. 112021 6 / A device for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy by performing thermal processes in a heat-insulated medium, including: - external heat exchanger - evaporator of the working substance - the energy converter of the evaporated gaseous working substance into mechanical energy, - compressor - a shaft characterized in that the first working substance is circulating in the circuit defined by the external heat exchanger (8), the evaporator (1), the energy converter (6) and the heat exchanger (2a), the gaseous second working substance with the possibility for circulation in the circuit defined by the heat exchanger (2a), the evaporator (3a), the energy converter (7a), the heat exchanger (2), the circulating fluid of the second heat exchanger (2a) and the evaporator (3a), gaseous last working substance with circulating possibility, front flax from evaporator (3), energy converter (7), heat exchanger (4) and heat exchanger (25) and liquid last working substance is circulable, determined by heat exchanger (2) and evaporator (3), and all the working substance circuits are separated from each other, with the exception that the entire device except the external heat exchanger (8) is thermally insulated from the environment. Apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising a radiator (23). with Application No. 112021 Apparatus according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the external heat exchanger (8) is also thermally insulated and heated by a burner. Apparatus according to claim 6-8, characterized in that it includes a heat redistribution system consisting of a heat exchanger (4), heat exchangers (25, 26), a compressor (5) and an expansion valve (18), such as redistribution of heat has its own working substance with a boiling point lower than the boiling point of the last working substance. Apparatus according to claim 6-8, characterized in that it includes a compressor (20).