BE1032131B1 - A real-aperture deformation monitoring radar system based on PMCW-MIMO - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a PMCW-MIMO-based real aperture deformation monitoring radar system and pertains to the technical field of radar deformation monitoring. It comprises: a radar signal generation and transmission module, a radar signal reception module, a radar signal processing module, and a deformation monitoring module. The radar signal generation and transmission module is used to generate PMCW signals, and the radar signal reception module is used to receive scattered PMCW signals. The radar echo signal is obtained and converted into a digital signal. The radar signal processing module is used to process the received digital signal to obtain a high-resolution radar range-azimuth image. The deformation monitoring module is used to perform radar calculations.

Description

DESCRIPTION

A real-aperture deformation monitoring radar system based on PMCW-MIMO

technical field

The present invention relates to the field of radar deformation monitoring, and more particularly to a real aperture deformation monitoring radar system based on PMCW-MIMO.

Basic technology

Stepped-frequency continuous waves (SFCW) and frequency-modulated continuous waves (FMCW) are commonly used for deformation monitoring. However, the quality of the generated two-dimensional radar images is highly dependent on the dynamic range of the distance dimension. In other words, the echo signals from faint targets are often masked by the scattered signals from nearby, highly dispersed targets in the distance dimension. This results in a loss of target detail in the monitored area during radar image formation and affects the accuracy of deformation monitoring. While it is possible to mitigate the effects of inherent limitations in FMCW and SFCW systems through data processing techniques such as time-frequency windowing and deep sampling, these methods still limit the development and application of ground-based deformation monitoring radars.

Contents of the invention

The objective of the present invention is to provide a real aperture PMCW-MIMO-based deformation monitoring radar system, capable of effectively improving the accuracy and reliability of deformation monitoring.

To achieve this objective, the present invention proposes the following system:

A real aperture radar deformation monitoring system based on PMCW-MIMO, comprising: a radar signal generation and emission module, a radar signal reception module, a radar signal processing module and a deformation monitoring module;

The radar signal generation and transmission module comprises several groups of transmission channels that are independent of each other.

Each transmission channel group includes at least one PMCW digital waveform generator, one transmission waveform mixer, and one transmission antenna; the PMCW digital waveform generator is connected to the transmission antenna via the transmission waveform mixer; the digital waveform generator

PMCW generates a basic digital PMCW signal and sends it to the transmit waveform mixer, which generates a PMCW signal that is then emitted by the transmitting antenna;

The radar signal receiving module comprises several groups of independent receiving channels. Each group of receiving channels includes at least one receiving antenna, one receiving mixer, and one high-speed analog-to-digital converter; the receiving antenna, the receiving mixer, and the high-speed analog-to-digital converter are connected sequentially; the receiving antenna captures the radar signal reflected by the target and sends it to the receiving mixer; the receiving mixer performs frequency modulation on the radar echo signal, sending a basic signal to the high-speed analog-to-digital converter, which converts it into a digital signal;

The radar signal processing module is connected to the high-speed analog-to-digital converter; this module processes the received digital signals to obtain a high-resolution radar image in range and azimuth;

The deformation monitoring module is connected to the radar signal processing module; this module determines the position of the deformed target and its degree of deformation based on the high-resolution radar image in range and azimuth.

Optionally, the transmit waveform mixer modulates the PMCW digital base signal with a high-frequency intermediate frequency signal, operating on the radar center frequency, to generate the PMCW signal.

Optionally, the receiving mixer modulates the radar echo signal with the local radar signal, thus producing the basic signal.

Optionally, each group of transmitting channels shares the same local radar signal, as does each group of receiving channels.

Optionally, the radar signal processing module uses a matching filter to determine the radial distance of the target.

Optionally, the radar signal processing module uses a Fourier transform FFT or a digital beamforming algorithm DBF to obtain the target azimuth.

Optionally, the deformation monitoring module filters each unit of resolution by distance and angle in the high-resolution radar image, analyzing amplitudes and phases to identify target points.

Optionally, the deformation monitoring module compares the phase difference Ay of two signals reflected from the same target point based on the high-resolution radar range-azimuth image, and determines the shape of the target point using the formula d = M(4TT). xAg.

Among them, d is the amount of deformation; A is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

Technical effects of the invention

The PMCW-MIMO-based real aperture deformation monitoring radar system proposed by the invention, by introducing the phase-modulated continuous wave (PMCW) system into the real aperture deformation monitoring radar, uses the vorthogonality of PMCW digital codes to fundamentally improve the dynamic range of the distance dimension of the real aperture deformation monitoring radar, which improves the quality of the radar image and, consequently, the accuracy of deformation monitoring, while eliminating the safety risks present in the deformation monitoring processes and improving the reliability of deformation monitoring.

Description of the drawings

To explain more clearly the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art technical solutions, the drawings to be used in the embodiments will be briefly presented below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only a few examples. According to the embodiments of the present invention, other drawings can be obtained for a person skilled in the art based on these drawings without creative effort.

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a PMCW-MIMO-based real aperture strain monitoring radar provided by the present invention;

Figure 2 is a high-resolution range-azimuth diagram of a radar provided by the present invention.

Detailed implementation

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings accompanying the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments represent only some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments derived by a person skilled in the art without creative effort fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Compared to FMCW and SFCW signals, PMCW simply requires each receiving channel to demodulate the signal using the code corresponding to the transmitting channel to perform channel separation. This method offers significant advantages in terms of interference resistance and high range resolution. MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) relies on multi-element antennas, where the signals emitted by each transmitting antenna are orthogonal. At the receiving end, a matching filter is used to separate the received signals, which are a superposition of the signals emitted by different transmitting antennas. This allows for the formation of a virtual aperture equivalent to the product of the number of transmitting and receiving antennas, which effectively improves the angular resolution of the ground deformation monitoring radar. Therefore, the objective of this invention is to provide a true-aperture deformation monitoring radar system based on PMCW-MIMO, in order to improve the accuracy and reliability of deformation monitoring.

To make the objectives, features and advantages of the invention clearer, a detailed description of the invention is given below with figures and specific embodiments.

As shown in Figure 1, the invention relates to a real-aperture deformation monitoring radar system based on

PMCW-MIMO (Phase-Modulated Continuous Wave-Multi-input

Multi-Output). The system includes the following modules: radar signal generation and transmission module, radar signal reception module, radar signal processing module, and deformation monitoring module.

More specifically, the radar signal generation and transmission module comprises several groups of independent transmission channels. Each transmission channel group includes at least one PMCW digital waveform generator, a transmission waveform mixer, and a transmission antenna. The PMCW digital waveform generator is connected to the transmission antenna via the transmission waveform mixer. The PMCW digital waveform generator is used to generate orthogonal PMCW digital basic signals. Each PMCW digital waveform generator in each independent transmission channel group can independently generate a set of PMCW digital basic signals, and these generators can be controlled to produce orthogonal PMCW digital basic signals.

The PMCW digital waveform generator sends the generated PMCW digital base signals to the transmit waveform mixer, which modulates these signals with a local high-frequency sinusoidal signal operating at the radar's center frequency, thus producing the PMCW signal. The PMCW signal is then radiated through the transmitting antenna.

The complex numerical baseband expression of the PMCW signal can be expressed as follows: s(t) = Zijm rect (TE) and (1)

Among them, m(l) is the |-th orthogonal code element; T, is the width of the code element; L is the code length; f. is the carrier frequency; t is the time; rect is the unit rectangular window function.

For two orthogonal PMCW code sequences m and m, from transmission channels i and j, their mutual correlation satisfies:

Rj(k) = Xizo M (Dmj(l-k) =0,vVk (2)

Among them, the exponent * represents the complex conjugate number;

R;;(k) is the mutual correlation coefficient of the orthogonal codes

PMCW of two transmission channels i and j; m,(l) is the i-th orthogonal code element of the i-th transmission channel; k is the delay between symbol sequences, i.e., the number of cyclic shifts; m,(l − k) is the j-th orthogonal code element of the j-th transmission channel after a delay. Theoretically, by selecting an appropriate encoding, the symbol sequences of the different transmission channels are strictly orthogonal and the cross-correlation is equal to 0 for any value of cyclic shift k.

The mixing of the PMCW baseband digital signal and the carrier signal can be expressed as follows:

Spx(t) = s(t)el?Tfet (3)

Among them, s,,(t) is the mixed signal transmitted.

As a concrete example of implementation, the mixer emission waveforms of each group of transmit channels share the same local oscillator signal of the radar system. Between different transmit channels, a series of orthogonal codes is generated using orthogonal coding, including but not limited to M sequences, Gold codes, or Hadamard codes. By calculating the cross-correlation coefficients between different code fragments within the group, M code fragments with the lowest cross-correlation coefficients are selected, where M corresponds to the number of transmit channels. Suppose the orthogonal code generator produces a code fragment denoted mil), m(l), …M;(D), ...my(l), … The principle of optimal code selection consists of finding M groups of code fragments such that, for all i and j, the condition in formula (2) is satisfied.

Next, a 1-bit phase modulator is used to modulate the code fragments on each transmit channel.

Based on the PMCW emission modulation technology described in this invention, the waveforms emitted by each emission channel are orthogonal at the same instant, thus enabling large-scale simultaneous emission by emission networks without mutual interference.

The radar signal receiving module comprises several groups of independent receiving channels. Each group of independent receiving channels includes at least one receiving antenna, one receiving mixer, and one high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC). These components are connected sequentially in this order: the receiving antenna, the receiving mixer, and the high-speed analog-to-digital converter.

The receiving antenna is used to capture the PMCW signal reflected by a target, generating a radar echo signal, which is then transmitted to the receiving mixer. The receiving mixer performs mix-modulation between the radar echo signal and the radar system's local oscillator signal, producing a baseband output signal. This baseband signal is sent to the high-speed analog-to-digital converter. The converter converts the mix-modulated baseband signal into a digital signal.

The echo signal s,(t) received by the receiving antenna can be expressed as: spy lt) = as, (lt — T)e Prft-D + n(t) (4)

Among them, a is the target reflection coefficient; 7 is the round-trip delay; n(t) is the additive noise; /.(t — 7) is the delayed carrier frequency; s.,(t — T) is the delayed mixed transmission signal;

As a concrete example of implementation, the receive mixer for each group of receive channels shares the same local oscillator signal from the radar system. The local oscillator signal shared by the transmit waveform mixer of each group of transmit channels and the one shared by the receive mixer of each group of receive channels are synchronized signals.

As illustrated in Figure 1, the radar signal processing module is connected to the high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC). As a radar based on the principle of microwave interferometry for deformation monitoring, the primary role of the radar signal processing module of this invention is to process the received digital signals to obtain complex signals representing the radar echoes reflected by all targets located at various radial distances and azimuth angles within the radar surveillance area. This data enables the generation of a high-resolution radar image.

Distance-Azimuth (R-A), also called the R-A image of the radar, as illustrated in Figure 2. The radar signal processing module of this invention performs mainly two functions: distance measurement and angle measurement.

The impulse response h(t) of the filter matched to the PMCW signal can be expressed as follows: h(t) = Zio m (Drect einet (8)

The output signal y(t) after adaptation filtering can be expressed as follows: vO=[sxOh(t-Ddt (©)

Among them, h(t—T) is the delayed impulse response.

As with other radars, in a PMCW radar (Phase

Modulated Continuous Wave (MCW) radar uses different delays to correspond to different target distances. Therefore, by applying appropriate filtering with specific delays to the aforementioned output signal, it is possible to obtain the radar's range spectrum. Based on this, multi-channel processing for angular measurement yields a high-resolution range-azimuth radar image.

Distance measurement: The radar signal processing module applies a matched filter corresponding to the PMCW waveform to each digital signal emitted by the receiving channels, in order to determine the radial distance to the target. An echo peak can only be formed when the PMCW baseband digital signal of the matched filter exactly matches the received signal (digital signal). This invention thus achieves two objectives: 1. Separation of echoes from the different transmitting channels:

Each receiving channel mixes the signals emitted simultaneously by different transmitting channels, whose digital waveforms are orthogonal. Therefore, it is possible to select a matched filter waveform corresponding to the transmitting channel |, which allows us to extract, for each receiving channel, the echo corresponding to the transmitting channel I. Thus, the echoes of the different emitted signals can be separated into the receiving channels. 2. Determining the radial distance: For the echo signal from transmitting channel i, the time elapsed between emission, reflection by the target, and reception by a receiving channel is τ. When passing through the matched filter, only a filter with the same delay τ can generate a peak corresponding to that target. Since the speed of light is constant, by obtaining the delay τ, the radial distance to the target can be calculated.

The filtered output signal adapted A of the ith transmit channel corresponding to each group of receive channels can be expressed as follows: yılt) = arizg Imi(DiPrect (75) enen +

X i Zimm; Mrect (7) ee +) (7)

Among them, the second term is the interference term of the jth transmission channel with the jth transmission channel. Since the PMCW codes of the two transmission channels are orthogonal, then:

Zio mim; = 0 (8)

Therefore, the interference term is completely eliminated and formula (7) can be expressed as follows: y) = Xi Im) ree (21) eme +n'(t) 9)

Among them, a is the target reflection coefficient corresponding to the i-th transmission channel; 7 is the round-trip delay corresponding to the i-th transmission channel; n'(t) is the Gaussian white noise interference term. = (10)

Among them, R is the radial distance to the target corresponding to the i-th transmission channel; c is the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in free space. From this, the radial distance to the target can be obtained.

Angle Measurement: The real aperture deformation monitoring radar of the present invention is a MIMO system. By defining the positions of M transmitting antennas and N receiving antennas in the real aperture deformation monitoring radar, it can be synthesized into an equivalent array of M*N channels. Under the same conditions, the larger the number of channels in the equivalent array, the higher the angular resolution or angular accuracy of the R-A radar image. More specifically, the radar signal processing module can use angle measurement algorithms such as the transform of

Fourier (Fast Fourier Transform, FFT) or Digital Beamforming (DBF) to obtain the azimuth angle of the target.

The expression for the power spectrum after FFT angle measurement processing is:

P(6) = TM SN a bie JI Ddexsin0 + (n-1)drxsin6] (11)

Among them, a and b are the weighting coefficients of the m-th transmitting antenna and the n-th receiving antenna, respectively; d and d represent the antenna spacing of the transmitting and receiving arrays, respectively; (m-1)d and (n-1)d represent the displacement of the m-th transmitting and n-th receiving antennas relative to the array's reference position, respectively; 6 represents the angle between the direction of the waves in space and the positive radial direction of the array. The peak of the power spectrum corresponds to the target's azimuth angle.

The deformation monitoring module is connected to the radar signal processing module. This module is used to determine the position of target points that have undergone deformation and their deformation magnitude, based on the radar's AR image.

After acquiring the radar-to-radar (R-A) image, the deformation monitoring module evaluates and filters the amplitude and phase of each pixel in the R-A image (i.e., each unit of range resolution and each unit of angle resolution). Typically, high-quality pixels are selected as target points (PS points) based on their standard deviation of amplitude and phase.

Since each radar frame produces an R-A image, it is possible to continuously monitor the phase of each PS point. Small deformations in the area corresponding to a PS point cause a change in the phase of the received signal. By comparing the phase difference Δφ between two successive reflected signals from the same target point, the magnitude of the deformation at that target point can be determined. Next:

d = A (4m) x Ap (12)

Among them, d is the amount of deformation; A is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

Compared to existing radar strain monitoring technology, the PMCW-MIMO-based real aperture strain monitoring radar proposed by the present invention offers the following advantages. 1. Classification by wave modulation type:

Existing deformation monitoring radars generally use SFCW (Stepped-Frequency Continuous) modulation

Wave) or FMCW (Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave). This invention introduced PMCW (Phase) modulation for the first time.

Modulated Continuous Wave) in deformation monitoring radars. Deformation monitoring radars based on

SFCW or FMCW exhibit a serious phenomenon of secondary lobe expansion in the distance dimension for targets with high reflection.

A highly reflective target located at a distance R can generate sidelobes that exceed the radar detection threshold over a wide area around its position. The ratio between the energy of the sidelobes and that of the main lobe representing the target's actual position expresses the radar's dynamic range in the distance dimension.

If the energy of a sidelobe for a strong target exceeds that of a real target at the corresponding distance (or is close to that energy), this real target, being less reflective, will be masked on the radar image, which greatly affects the image quality.

In the case of the FMCW system, factors such as the linearity of the emitted signal, phase noise, and the use of window functions in signal processing lead to the generation of larger side lobes.

The SLRR sidelobe ratio of the SFCW/FMCW signal can be expressed as follows:

SLRR = 20log.90|L 1 w[l]e-/710+0Ts/Tn| (13)

Among them, w[l] is the distance window function; T, is the distance sampling interval; T, is the modulation period.

In the PMCW system of the present invention, target echoes at different distances correspond to PMCW digital baseband signals with different delays, so that the range sidelobes are considerably suppressed, thus fundamentally improving the dynamic range of the range dimensions and improving image quality.

The SLRRpmcw sidelobe ratio of the PMCW signal can be expressed as follows:

SLRRpmew = : (14)

Among them, L is the length of the PMCW code. In the application scenario of the present invention, the value of L can be greater than one million, so that the dynamic range of distance dimension of

PMCW is significantly better than that of SFCW/FMCW. 2. Classification according to the imaging principle in the angular dimension of the radar:

Existing deformation monitoring radars can be classified into two categories: synthetic aperture interferometric radars and real aperture interferometric radars.

Synthetic aperture interferometric radars generally require complex and high-precision mechanical components, such as rail-mounted (Rail-INSAR) or arc-mounted (Arc-InSAR) synthetic aperture interferometric radars.

Real aperture interferometric radars typically use MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) technology for imaging in the angular dimension.

Real aperture interferometric radars offer several advantages over synthetic aperture radars: no moving parts, ease of integration, high reliability, and significant benefits in terms of size, weight, and cost. They therefore represent one of the main directions for the development of deformation monitoring radars.

However, real aperture MIMO radars exhibit a lower dynamic range in the angular dimension compared to synthetic aperture radars. This is because a synthetic aperture interferometric radar only requires a single pair of transmit-receive antennas, and there is no coupling between the antennas in the equivalent synthetic aperture. In contrast, real aperture radars require a large number of transmit-receive antennas, and the coupling between these antennas reduces the angular dynamic range.

This invention introduces real-aperture PMCW-MIMO technology into interferometric radars. Compared to real-aperture radars using SFCW or FMCW technologies, the radar

PMCW offers a significant advantage: the digital waveforms of the PMCW baseband are orthogonal, and coupling signals between antennas cannot coherently accumulate after passing through the matched filter. Consequently, the angular dynamic range is significantly improved, reaching a level close to that of synthetic aperture interferometric radars.

(3) Synthetic aperture interferometry radar requires at least one mechanical scan to obtain a radar image, which usually takes more than 10 minutes.

The actual aperture radar,

Being free from mechanical scanning, it can theoretically significantly reduce image formation time.

However, existing real aperture interferometry radars, in order to reduce interference between the emission signals, generally use an alternating emission technique, that is to say they activate each emission channel in turn.

This leads to two problems: 1) It is impossible to integrate more transmission channels, as their alternating transmission would prolong the total radar imaging time. 2) It is not possible to achieve a faster image formation time and a higher refresh rate.

Therefore, just like synthetic aperture radar, it is impossible to monitor the rapid distortions that occur between two successive radar images (i.e., the phenomenon of loss of coherence). The present invention uses the PMCW method for monitoring distortions by interferometry.

Its advantage lies in the fact that it relies on the orthogonality of PMCW digital signals in the baseband to achieve simultaneous transmission on a large number of transmission channels, which reduces the formation time of each radar image to less than one minute, thus ensuring more accurate results and reducing the impact of loss of coherence.

(4) In existing technological solutions for deformation monitoring, synthetic aperture interferometry radar, due to its moving components, encounters problems related to size, power consumption, cost, and reliability, which prevent its long-term, unattended use in various application scenarios. In contrast, real aperture MIMO technology exists but faces difficulties in solving the problem of simultaneous transmission on a large number of channels, which limits the number of channels that can be integrated and leads to problems such as a narrow dynamic range of angles, resulting in relatively low performance. The invention described in this document, combining the advantages of the different technologies in terms of performance, reliability, and cost, constitutes a deformation monitoring radar solution that can be widely deployed and used unattended.

In summary, in order to significantly improve the quality of radar imaging, the invention innovatively proposes a real-aperture deformation monitoring radar system based on

PMCW-MIMO, achieving high contrast in imaging and enabling high dynamic range deformation monitoring, thus increasing the safety and reliability of deformation monitoring. The real aperture deformation monitoring radar proposed in this invention can remotely monitor microscopic deformations of targets within the radar's field of view relative to the radar, and provide hazard alerts, thereby protecting life and property.

Typical objects to monitor include steep slopes, open-pit mines, tailings dams, dams, bridges, and high-rise buildings.

In summary, in order to significantly improve the quality of radar imaging, the invention innovatively proposes a real-aperture deformation monitoring radar system based on

PMCW-MIMO, achieving high contrast in imaging and enabling high dynamic range deformation monitoring, improves the safety and reliability of deformation monitoring. The real-aperture deformation monitoring radar proposed in this invention can remotely monitor microscopic deformations of targets within the radar's field of view and provide hazard alerts, thus protecting life and property. Typical objects to be monitored include steep slopes, open-pit mines, tailings dams, dams, bridges, and tall buildings.

This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and methods of implementing the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is used solely to aid in understanding the process and the central idea of the present invention. According to the present invention, a person skilled in the art will recognize changes in the specific implementation methods and the scope of application of the ideas. In summary, the content of this description should not be interpreted as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims (8)

DEMANDS 1. A real-aperture deformation monitoring radar system based on PMCW-MIMO, characterized in that it comprises: a radar signal generation and transmission module, a radar signal reception module, a radar signal processing module, and a deformation monitoring module; the radar signal generation and transmission module comprises several groups of independent transmission channels; each group of transmission channels comprises at least one PMCW digital waveform generator, one transmission waveform mixer, and one transmission antenna; the PMCW digital waveform generator is connected to the transmission antenna via the transmission waveform mixer; the PMCW digital waveform generator generates a basic PMCW digital signal and sends it to the transmission waveform mixer, which generates a PMCW signal that is radiated and transmitted via the transmission antenna; the radar signal reception module comprises several groups of independent reception channels; Each receiving channel group comprises at least one receiving antenna, one receiving mixer, and one high-speed analog-to-digital converter; the receiving antenna, the receiving mixer, and the analog-to-digital converter are connected sequentially; the receiving antenna receives the returning radar signal after reflection by the lens and sends it to the receiving mixer; the receiving mixer mixes the returning radar signal, sends a basic signal to the analog-to-digital converter, and converts it into a digital signal; the radar signal processing module is connected to the high-speed analog-to-digital converter; the radar signal processing module is used to process the received digital signals to obtain a high-resolution radar image in range and azimuth; the deformation monitoring module is connected to the radar signal processing module; the deformation monitoring module is used to determine the position and amount of deformation of the target point based on the high-resolution radar image in range and azimuth. 2. PMCW-MIMO real aperture deformation monitoring radar system according to claim 1, characterized in that the emission waveform mixer frequency modulates the PMCW digital basic signal with a high-frequency local signal operating at the radar center frequency, and outputs a PMCW signal. 3. PMCW-MIMO real aperture deformation monitoring radar system according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiving mixer frequency modulates the return radar signal with the local signal of the radar system, and outputs a basic signal. 4. PMCW-MIMO based real aperture deformation monitoring radar system according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmit waveform mixers of each transmit channel group share the same local radar system signal; and the receive mixers of each receive channel group also share the same local radar system signal. 5. PMCW-MIMO real aperture deformation monitoring radar system according to claim 1, characterized in that the radar signal processing module applies a matched filter corresponding to the PMCW waveform to each digital signal output by the receiving channels, in order to determine the radial distance of the target. 6. PMCW-MIMO real aperture deformation monitoring radar system according to claim 1, characterized in that the radar signal processing module uses an FFT Fourier transform algorithm or DBF digital beamforming to determine the azimuthal angle of the target. 7. PMCW-MIMO based real aperture deformation monitoring radar system according to claim 1, characterized in that the deformation monitoring module detects each range resolution unit and each distance resolution unit of the high-resolution range-azimuth image of the radar; the resolution unit performs amplitude and phase judgment and filtering to determine the target point. 8. A real aperture PMCW-MIMO-based deformation monitoring radar system according to claim 7, characterized in that the deformation monitoring module compares two reflection signals from the same target point on the basis of the high-resolution distance-azimuth image of the radar; the phase difference Ag is used to determine the magnitude of the deformation of the target point using the formula d = M(4TT) x Ag; among them, d is the amount of deformation; A is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.