BE1028173B1 - Ammonia storage and delivery system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an ammonia storage and delivery system (1). According to the invention, such an ammonia storage and delivery system (1) comprises a plurality of ammonia storage cartridges (10), each of the cartridges comprising a storage means (11), a first storage means. internal pressure adjustment (12), said first internal pressure adjustment means (12) comprising a first heating means, a first inlet valve (13) and a first outlet valve (14), a device a control (20) for controlling the storage and delivery of ammonia for each cartridge independently of the other cartridges; a first charge or refill line (30) connecting the cartridges (10), said first line comprising a second inlet valve (31); a delivery line (40) comprising a pressure sensor (42) and a metering device (43), said ammonia delivery line (40) connecting the cartridges (10).

Description

Description Ammonia Storage and Delivery System The invention relates to an ammonia storage and delivery system, as well as a motor vehicle comprising said ammonia storage and delivery system. In addition, the invention relates to a method of filling an ammonia storage and delivery system. More particularly, the invention relates to a method of starting an ammonia storage and delivery system, as well as a method of regulating the delivery of ammonia from an ammonia storage and delivery system. The invention relates generally to the storage of ammonia, in particular in applications for the reduction of nitrogen oxides, commonly called NOx, by selective catalytic reduction, allowing a reduction in pollutant emissions by heat engines, in particularly diesel engines, but also in the field of fuel cells.

To this end, in the search for less polluting solutions in the automotive sector, gas storage is seeing more and more potential applications. To push the two traditional limits of gas storage, density and security, solid gas-absorbing materials are of particular interest. Establishing new solutions that are simple, efficient and easy to produce for the storage of gas by these absorber materials is an important medium-term challenge for the automotive industry.

In addition, a storage system for gas absorber material must meet specific technical constraints. Indeed, it must have a high autonomy, which therefore leads to the need to use an internal volume available for the gas absorber material, as high as possible. However, the storage system must have sufficient compactness to allow its integration into a vehicle easily. The realization of a large tank, capable of withstanding high pressure, thus poses problems of design, integration and maintenance. Indeed, it is restrictive to produce storage tanks of non-cylindrical shapes, therefore the existing storage systems are bulky and heavy.

Therefore, a single storage tank comprising a gas storage material has been provided in the state of the art. The disadvantages of such a solution are that a single large tank is difficult to control. Indeed, such a tank is difficult to control in the use phase on a moving vehicle, namely in the gas desorption phase, because such a tank makes it difficult to ensure a rapid response time while maintaining precision and reliability. pressure control dynamics. Moreover, such a storage tank requires a significant energy requirement to ensure the desorption of the gas. In addition, a single large tank is difficult to control during its recharging phase, namely in its absorption phase, with in particular long absorption times.

Thus, the realization of such a gas storage system suitable for the automobile must take into account a large number of constraints, in particular difficulties with regard to the thermal management of the gas storage material, the volume compactness of the storage system. and gas delivery, its mass, its use, its production cost, its ergonomics during a maintenance step or its recharging.

Therefore, it has been proposed to use several storage tanks, thus becoming a system of several cooperating tanks with each other.

By this means, an increase in the performance of the storage system is obtained by improving the thermal management of the storage material, the integration of the system thanks in particular to the use of several small storage tanks which simplifies the integration on the vehicle, or the ergonomics of the maintenance step by dismantling several small and light storage tanks.

There are ammonia gas storage systems that are split into multiple cartridges to allow heating to be limited to only part of the storage material. Such a storage system with a plurality of cartridges, however, has a higher production cost due to the number of cells and associated equipment.

In addition, for such systems having a plurality of cartridges, the controls such as the delivery of ammonia, the management of the pressure, or the management of ammonia remaining in each cartridge are complex to set up. Such systems also pose problems of compactness, therefore, these systems require a large number of low-capacity cartridges, consequently a larger volume of material in total, more components for piloting and more components for integration. of the system on a motor vehicle such as fixings, hooks or even heat shields. But also and above all, safety issues when recharging the system on board a vehicle.

In order to be able to solve these problems associated with solid ammonia storage systems, various solid ammonia storage system techniques have been proposed in the prior art, various solutions in particular by; Patent application EP2181963 discloses a solid ammonia storage system having several storage cartridges designed for recharging on board a motor vehicle, comprising several safety mechanisms. However, the ammonia storage system presented in this document does not allow easy recharging on board the vehicle. In addition, the safety mechanisms presented in this ammonia storage system are not sufficient to allow recharging of said ammonia storage system under optimum safety conditions.

The aim of the invention is in particular to overcome these drawbacks of the prior art.

Another objective of the invention, in at least one of its embodiments, is to provide a system for the storage and delivery of gaseous ammonia allowing an optimized start of the storage and delivery of ammonia.

Another object of the invention, in at least one of its embodiments, is to provide an improved method of filling an ammonia storage and delivery system.

An object of the invention, in at least one of its embodiments, is also to provide an improved method of regulating ammonia in an ammonia storage and delivery system.

An objective of the invention is also to provide a motor vehicle comprising an ammonia storage and delivery system.

According to one embodiment, the invention relates to an ammonia storage and delivery system.

According to the invention such a system comprises at least a plurality of ammonia storage cartridges, each of the cartridges comprising an ammonia storage means, a first means for adjusting the internal pressure of each cartridge independently of the other cartridges, said first means for adjusting the internal pressure comprising a first heating means, a first inlet valve, of the piloted valve or non-return valve type, a first outlet valve, of the piloted valve or non-return valve type; a control device, preferably common to the plurality of cartridges, making it possible to control the storage and delivery of ammonia for each cartridge independently of the other cartridges; a first ammonia charge or recharge line connecting the plurality of cartridges, said line comprising a second inlet valve; an ammonia delivery line comprising a pressure sensor and an ammonia metering device, said ammonia delivery line connecting the plurality of cartridges. The general principle of the invention is based on an optimization of the management of the storage and delivery of ammonia in an ammonia storage and delivery system, as well as an improvement of the conditions for safe filling of ammonia. an ammonia storage and delivery system on board a motor vehicle. Thus, the invention is based on a completely new and inventive approach to producing an ammonia storage and delivery system, composed of a plurality of ammonia storage cartridges, each of the cartridges comprising a means of ammonia storage, a first means for adjusting the internal pressure of each cartridge independently of the other cartridges, said first means for adjusting the internal pressure comprising a first heating means, a first inlet and outlet valve, piloted valve or non-return valve types; a control device, preferably common to the plurality of cartridges, making it possible to control the storage and delivery of ammonia for each cartridge independently of the other cartridges; a first ammonia charge or recharge line connecting the plurality of cartridges, said ammonia charge or recharge line comprising a second inlet valve; an ammonia delivery line comprising a pressure sensor and an ammonia metering device, said ammonia delivery line connecting the plurality of cartridges.

By "a plurality of cartridges" is meant that the ammonia storage and delivery system has at least two ammonia storage cartridges. In other words, the ammonia storage and delivery system consists of n + 2 ammonia storage cartridges, with "n" a natural integer. Said cartridges of the plurality of cartridges allow storage and delivery of ammonia in the ammonia delivery line of the storage and delivery system during, in particular, the operational phase of said storage and delivery system.

The term "ammonia storage medium" refers to the ammonia storage material effecting the storage and delivery of ammonia, in other words the absorption and / or adsorption and desorption of ammonia. ammonia. The ammonia storage material is preferably a solid material, more preferably the ammonia storage material is a powdered salt of an alkaline earth metal chloride. In addition, the storage material may further comprise an additive forming, with the salt, a composite material making it possible, in particular, to improve the thermal conductivity and the mechanical strength of the material. The additive can include metals, carbon fiber, or expanded graphics.

The ammonia of the ammonia storage and delivery system is found in different physical states during the different operations inherent in the different steps implemented by during the storage or delivery of ammonia by such a system. In fact, the ammonia is preferably in the liquid phase during the filling phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system. During the ammonia storage phase, the ammonia is preferably found in a solid form, allowing, during the adjustment of the internal pressure of each cartridge of the plurality of cartridges, to pass, preferably in gaseous form. , by a first heating means, thus allowing the release of ammonia in the ammonia delivery line and consequently the consumption of the ammonia by the ammonia consuming device.

By the term "ammonia in solid form" is meant ammonia adsorbed and / or absorbed on the ammonia storage medium.

By the term "the ammonia consuming device" is meant a device to which the ammonia delivered by the ammonia storage and delivery system is directed. In other words, the device requiring ammonia. Said ammonia consuming device is preferably a fuel cell or a combustion engine, more preferably a combustion engine.

By the term "first means for adjusting the internal pressure" is meant that the first means for adjusting the internal pressure of each cartridge of the plurality of cartridges comprises a heating means. Said heating means comprises a circuit for circulating a fluid, preferably an aqueous fluid, more preferably water. Preferably, the heating means comprises a device for cooling the ammonia consuming device in the form of a circuit for circulating a cooling fluid, preferably an aqueous fluid, more preferably water.

Indeed, said cooling device allows the cooling of the ammonia consuming device. At the outlet of the cooling circuit of the ammonia consuming device, the temperature of the cooling fluid, preferably of the aqueous fluid, more preferably of water, of the cooling device is sufficiently high to allow the heating of the plurality of cartridges of the cooling system. storage and delivery of ammonia. Indeed, the temperature in the cooling device is preferably 90 degrees Celsius.

The first ammonia charge or recharge line allows ammonia to pass from the outside to the inside of the storage cartridge in the ammonia storage and delivery system, through the first inlet valve. Said first inlet valve allows ammonia to enter a cartridge of the plurality of cartridges when the pressure of the ammonia charge or refill line is greater than an internal pressure of one cartridge of the plurality of cartridges.

Said first inlet valve can be piloted or passive, preferably the first inlet valve is a passive valve, of the non-return valve type.

The first ammonia charging or recharging line and the first inlet valve are thus used during the filling phases, charging the ammonia storage system and delivering ammonia.

In other words, the first ammonia charging or recharging line is used in particular during an ammonia absorption phase.

The second inlet valve allows controlled filling of the ammonia storage and delivery system, while isolating the ammonia storage and delivery system from the atmosphere, especially during a filling phase.

The ammonia present in the first charging or recharging line is in gaseous, liquid or gaseous-liquid bi-phasic form, preferably the ammonia is present in liquid or bi-

gas-liquid phase, more preferably in liquid form.

The ammonia delivery line allows ammonia to pass from the inside to the outside of the storage cartridge into the ammonia storage and delivery system, through the first outlet valve.

Said first outlet valve allows the exit of ammonia, preferably gaseous, from the cartridge of the plurality of cartridges when the internal pressure of the ammonia storage cartridge of the plurality of cartridges is greater than the pressure in the delivery line ammonia.

Said first outlet valve can be piloted or passive, preferably the first inlet valve is a passive valve, of the non-return valve type.

Thus, the opening of a first outlet valve causes the closing of the other first outlet valves by pressure difference, the opening of the first outlet valve allows the release - of ammonia in the delivery line resulting in an increase pressure in said line this has the effect of closing the other first outlet valves.

In fact, the pressure prevailing in the delivery line is then greater than or equal to the predetermined pressure allowing the opening of the other first outlet valves.

The first ammonia delivery line and the first inlet valve,

are thus used during the delivery of gaseous ammonia.

By the term “control device, preferably common to the plurality of cartridges” is meant the fact that said control device comprises means for controlling the means for regulating the ammonia delivery rate and / or means for controlling the ammonia delivery rate. adjusting the internal pressure of the plurality of cartridges. The control of said means for adjusting the internal pressure of the plurality of cartridges or of the ammonia delivery rate regulating means makes it possible to control each cartridge independent of the other cartridges. The control device also advantageously controls the various piloted valves of the ammonia storage and delivery system.

The ammonia metering device comprises a means for regulating the flow of ammonia, said metering device is positioned at the outlet of the ammonia delivery line to the ammonia consuming device, the means for regulating the delivery rate ammonia is, for example a valve, preferably a controlled valve, more preferably a solenoid valve.

Thus, such an ammonia storage and delivery system makes it possible to isolate the ammonia storage and delivery system from the outside world, by limiting the volume of ammonia that may be exposed to the atmosphere, when, in particular a filling phase of an ammonia storage and delivery system, more particularly when disconnecting the connection of the ammonia storage and delivery system to the filling station using the second inlet valve located on the charging or recharging line. Therefore, the potential leakage of ammonia into the atmosphere will be reduced. In addition, such an ammonia storage and delivery system can indicate the end of filling of an ammonia storage and delivery system.

According to a particular embodiment of the invention, such an ammonia storage and delivery system comprises at least one ammonia storage cartridge comprising a storage material distributed in a plurality of communicating compartments unimpeded between them. Each compartment of the same ammonia storage cartridge contains the same ammonia storage material and is controlled by the same internal pressure adjustment means.

According to an embodiment in accordance with the invention, such an ammonia storage and delivery system comprises on each of the cartridges of the plurality of cartridges, a temperature sensor positioned between the first outlet valve of the cartridge of the cartridge. plurality of cartridges and the output of the cartridge from the plurality of cartridges.

According to an embodiment according to the invention, the ammonia storage and delivery system according to the invention is such that the ammonia delivery line comprises a second outlet valve.

By the expression "a second outlet valve" is meant a valve allowing isolation of the ammonia storage and delivery system during a filling phase. Said second outlet valve is located on the ammonia delivery line of the ammonia storage and delivery system, preferably near the outlet of the ammonia storage and delivery system. the outlet of the ammonia storage and delivery system ”means the part of the ammonia storage and delivery system connecting to the filling station in the ammonia outlet position of the storage and delivery system. ammonia, oriented towards the filling station, during a filling phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system.

Thus, the ammonia storage and delivery system allows the implementation of a method for filling an ammonia storage and delivery system containing an inlet stream of ammonia and a stream of ammonia. ammonia release, while preventing the release of ammonia into the atmosphere by isolating the ammonia storage and delivery system from the outside world. Consequently, the volume of ammonia exposed in the atmosphere will be limited during, in particular a phase of filling an ammonia storage and delivery system, more particularly during the disconnection of the connection of the storage and delivery system. delivery of ammonia to the filling station.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the ammonia storage and delivery system is such that it comprises a bypass valve, positioned on a bypass line, placing the first charge or refill line in fluid communication. of ammonia and the ammonia delivery line.

The term “bypass line” is intended to denote the fact that the ammonia storage and delivery system comprises fluid communication between the first ammonia charge or refill line and the ammonia delivery line notably allowing , a controlled operation of removing the excess ammonia by the bypass valve, during a filling phase, or even allowing an operation of recharging the plurality of ammonia storage cartridges to be carried out.

The term “bypass valve” is understood to denote a valve located on the bypass line, preferably said bypass valve is a controlled valve, more preferably said bypass valve is a solenoid valve.

Thus, the bypass line and the bypass valve of the ammonia storage and delivery system ensure controlled elimination of the excess - the ammonia in the ammonia charge or recharge line after, in particular, a filling phase. of the ammonia storage and delivery system, while allowing isolation from the outside world, the ammonia charging or recharging line, as well as the ammonia delivery line, preventing the leakage of ammonia into the 'atmosphere.

In addition, the bypass line and bypass valve of the ammonia storage and delivery system allowing fluid communication between the ammonia charge or recharge line and the ammonia delivery line, provides better control. ammonia flows into the ammonia storage and delivery system, therefore, optimization of ammonia regulation in an ammonia storage and delivery system is achieved.

According to a preferred embodiment, the ammonia storage and delivery system is such that it comprises a first overpressure valve, positioned on the ammonia delivery line and / or a second overpressure valve, positioned on a overpressure line, mounted in parallel with the bypass line.

The expression "a first pressure relief valve" is understood to denote a valve which is found in the open position upon detection of an S1 suppression.

Said S1 suppression is detected in the ammonia delivery line, by measuring the pressure by the pressure sensor positioned on the ammonia delivery line.

By the expression "a second pressure relief valve" is meant a valve which is found in the open position upon detection of an excess pressure S2. Said S2 suppression is detected in the ammonia delivery line, by measuring the pressure by the pressure sensor positioned on the ammonia delivery line.

Said overpressure S2, is lower than the pressure during an overpressure S1, but higher than a pressure during a simple excess of ammonia in the ammonia delivery line, involving the line and the bypass valve.

Thus, when the second pressure relief valve is in the open position, the first pressure relief valve is in the closed position and vice versa.

The first and second pressure relief valve are both in the closed position during the bypass operation.

All of these operations can be directed by the control device or orchestrated passively depending on the type of valve used.

Thus, overpressure valves offer the possibility of having an overpressure in the ammonia storage and delivery system, without damaging said system, by allowing ammonia to flow in a controlled manner into the storage system. and ammonia delivery then reducing said overpressure, thus allowing longer use of such an ammonia storage and delivery system according to the invention.

According to a preferred embodiment, the ammonia storage and delivery system is such that the first pressure relief valve is placed in fluid communication with a safety cartridge.

By the term "safety cartridge" is meant an ammonia storage cartridge, not one of the plurality of cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system. We speak of a safety cartridge, because said cartridge can store ammonia during an overpressure S1 in the delivery line. Indeed, during an overpressure S2, the ammonia can be recharged in the plurality of cartridges by the second overpressure valve in the ammonia charging or recharging line, or else eliminated during a filling phase.

The safety cartridge is initially empty and makes it possible to eliminate the excess ammonia by the second outlet valve, during a filling phase but also to redistribute the excess ammonia in the plurality of cartridges, the ammonia passing through in particular by the bypass valve, during an operating phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system.

Thus, the fluidic communication between the first pressure relief valve and a safety cartridge, makes it possible to redirect the excess ammonia flowing in the ammonia storage and delivery system, towards said safety cartridge allowing the limitation of ammonia leakage into the atmosphere, while preserving the ammonia storage and delivery system, reducing the deterioration of the latter during such an overpressure episode. The use of such a cartridge advantageously indicates that the ammonia storage and delivery system has failed.

According to a preferred embodiment, the ammonia storage and delivery system is such that it comprises at least a first starter cartridge comprising a first cooling system; a second internal pressure adjusting means, said second internal pressure adjusting means comprising a second heating means; an ammonia inlet also serving as an ammonia outlet.

The expression “first cooling system” is understood to denote a system making it possible to reduce the temperature of the first starter cartridge, thus facilitating the passage of ammonia from a gaseous state to a solid state allowing recharging of the gas. first faster starter cartridge. The first cooling system comprises, for example, a circuit for circulating a cooling fluid, preferably an aqueous fluid, more preferably water.

By the expression "second means for adjusting the internal pressure" is meant to denote the fact that the means for adjusting the internal pressure of the first starter cartridge comprises a second heating means, said second heating means is preferably a resistance.

By "an ammonia inlet which also serves as an ammonia outlet" is meant that the ammonia enters at the same point as the ammonia exits the first starter cartridge. In other words, there is a single path of fluid communication with the first starter cartridge.

Thus, the first starter cartridge of the ammonia storage and delivery system makes it possible to rapidly release a sufficient quantity of ammonia, while waiting for the plurality of cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system to be in conditions allowing the release of ammonia in the ammonia delivery line. In addition, the cooling system of the first starter cartridge of the ammonia storage and delivery system will make it possible to refill said first starter cartridge more efficiently. Thus, the first starter cartridge will be operational more quickly for a new start-up phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system.

By the term "a sufficient quantity of ammonia" is meant the quantity of ammonia necessary for the operation of the ammonia storage and delivery system during the operational phases of the ammonia storage and delivery system.

This is because the first starter cartridge releases ammonia in the ammonia delivery line early thanks to improved ammonia delivery performance.

The term “performance” is intended to denote in particular an internal pressure that can be adjusted more easily, a better conductivity of the storage material, a better heat capacity of the storage material, a better thermal insulation of the storage cartridge, or even a cartridge having a different storage volume, preferably the first starter cartridge will have a smaller volume than the volume of one cartridge of the plurality of cartridges, thus allowing faster release of gaseous ammonia.

According to a preferred embodiment of the previous mode, the ammonia storage and delivery system is such that the ammonia inlet also serving as the ammonia outlet of said first starter cartridge is in fluid communication with the line. for delivering ammonia by a second ammonia charging or recharging line, independent of the first ammonia charging or recharging line, said second ammonia charging or recharging line being the ammonia supply line, preferably said second line for charging or recharging ammonia comprises a first controlled valve. The expression “first piloted valve” is understood to denote a valve allowing the charging or recharging and delivery of a starter cartridge, preferably positioned on the second ammonia charging or recharging line, between the inlet of ammonia also serving as the ammonia outlet and the junction allowing fluid communication with the ammonia delivery line.

Thus, the first starter cartridge of the ammonia storage and delivery system makes it possible to rapidly release a sufficient quantity of ammonia, while waiting for the plurality of cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system to be in conditions allowing the release of ammonia in the ammonia delivery line. In addition, the cooling system of the first starter cartridge of the ammonia storage and delivery system will make it possible to refill said first starter cartridge more efficiently. Thus, the first starter cartridge will be operational more quickly for a new start-up phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system. The fact that the first starter cartridge includes an independent ammonia charge or recharge line with a pilot valve allows optimization of the regulation of the ammonia storage and delivery system.

According to an alternative embodiment of the previous two embodiments, the ammonia storage and delivery system is such that it comprises a second starter cartridge comprising a second cooling system; a third internal pressure adjusting means, said third internal pressure adjusting means comprising a third heating means; a fluid connection with the ammonia delivery line, preferably said ammonia delivery line comprises a second piloted valve; a fluidic connection with the first ammonia charge or recharge line. The expression “second cooling system” is understood to denote a system making it possible to reduce the temperature of the starter cartridge, facilitating the passage of ammonia from a gaseous state to a solid state allowing recharging of the starter cartridge. faster. The second cooling system comprises, for example, a circuit for circulating a cooling fluid, preferably an aqueous fluid, more preferably water.

By the expression "third means for adjusting the internal pressure" is meant to denote the fact that the means for adjusting the internal pressure of the second starter cartridge comprises a third heating means, said third heating means is preferably a resistance.

Thus, the second starter cartridge of the ammonia storage and delivery system according to this embodiment makes it possible to rapidly release a sufficient quantity of ammonia, while waiting for the plurality of cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system to be released. or under conditions allowing the release of ammonia in the ammonia delivery line. In addition, the cooling system for the second starter cartridge of the ammonia storage and delivery system will allow said second starter cartridge to be recharged more efficiently. Thus, the second starter cartridge will be operational more quickly for a new start-up phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system.

According to a preferred embodiment, the ammonia storage and delivery system is such that it comprises a third outlet valve preferably positioned on the ammonia delivery line, upstream of the ammonia metering device, more preferably integrated into the dosing device, even more preferably positioned on the ammonia delivery line, downstream of the dosing device of the ammonia storage and delivery system.

By the expression "third outlet valve" is meant a valve for adjusting the delivery rate of ammonia supplied to the ammonia consuming device.

The expression “upstream of the ammonia metering device” is understood to denote the fact that said third outlet valve is positioned before the ammonia metering device according to the direction of flow of the ammonia during flow. an operating phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system.

The expression “downstream of the ammonia metering device” is understood to denote the fact that said third outlet valve is positioned after the ammonia metering device according to the direction of flow of the ammonia during flow. an operating phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system.

Thus, the ammonia storage and delivery system can provide an ammonia consuming device with a controlled flow of ammonia.

The invention also relates to a method for filling an ammonia storage and delivery system according to the invention. Said filling process comprises at least the steps of: e Connection to a filling station at the inlet and outlet of the ammonia storage and delivery system; e Opening of the second inlet and outlet valves; e Opening of the first inlet and outlet valves of the plurality of cartridges; e Filling the plurality of cartridges with ammonia;

e Detection of the end of filling with ammonia of the plurality of storage cartridges, by measuring the pressure and / or the temperature in the ammonia delivery line and / or at the outlet of each cartridge of the plurality of cartridges; e Closing of the second bypass valve; e Opening of the bypass valve; e Evacuation of excess ammonia in the ammonia storage and delivery system through the second outlet valve; e Closing of the second outlet valve and bypass valve; e Disconnection of the connection of the ammonia storage and delivery system to the filling station.

By the expression “Connection to a filling station at the inlet and at the outlet of the ammonia storage and delivery system” is meant the fact that during a filling phase of the storage and delivery system delivery, said ammonia storage and delivery system forms an ammonia flow loop beginning with the inlet of said system passing through the plurality of cartridges and the starter cartridge and ending with the outlet of said system. The loop is repeated until the various cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system are saturated.

Thus, the filling steps of an ammonia storage and delivery system allow more efficient filling of the ammonia storage and delivery system by filling several cartridges of the plurality of cartridges in parallel, while increasing safety. of such a method of filling an ammonia storage and delivery system.

The invention also relates to a method for starting an ammonia storage and delivery system comprising a starter cartridge, preferably chosen from a first or a second starter cartridge, and a plurality of storage cartridges, comprising at least minus the steps of: e Heating a starter cartridge of the ammonia storage and delivery system; e Obtaining and maintaining a pressure Pl, in an ammonia delivery line of the ammonia storage and delivery system, by delivery of ammonia from the starter cartridge; e Heating at least one ammonia storage cartridge of a plurality of cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system, until a pressure P2 is obtained, in the ammonia delivery line, by liberating ammonia from at least one cartridge of the plurality of cartridges, said pressure P2 being greater than pressure PI; e Stopping the heating of the starter cartridge, preferably with cooling of said starter cartridge.

The expression “starter cartridge” is intended to denote the first cartridge of the ammonia storage and delivery system releasing ammonia during the start of the ammonia delivery step by the storage and delivery system. ammonia delivery.

The expression “pressure P1” is intended to denote the pressure obtained by delivery of ammonia by the starter cartridge of the ammonia storage and delivery system, into the ammonia delivery line to supply ammonia. at the ammonia consuming device, said pressure P1 is preferably an absolute pressure of 1.5 bar. By the expression absolute pressure is meant the pressure relative to zero pressure in a vacuum. The pressure P1 is detected by measuring the pressure by a pressure sensor positioned on the ammonia delivery line of the ammonia storage and delivery system.

By the expression "pressure P2" is meant the pressure obtained by delivery of ammonia by a cartridge of the plurality of cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system, in the ammonia delivery line to provide ammonia to the ammonia consuming device, said pressure P2 is preferably an absolute pressure of 2 bars. The pressure P2 is detected by measuring the pressure by a pressure sensor positioned on the ammonia delivery line of the ammonia storage and delivery system.

The expression “with cooling” is understood to denote the fact of using a system for cooling the starter cartridge, preferably chosen from a first or a second starter cartridge, of the storage and delivery system. 'ammonia.

Thus, the start-up steps of an ammonia storage and delivery system make it possible to sequence the starting and stopping of the operation of the starter cartridge in an optimum manner. Therefore, the process of starting an ammonia storage and delivery system is more efficient.

The invention also relates to a method for regulating the delivery of ammonia from an ammonia storage and delivery system comprising a plurality of storage cartridges, comprising at least the steps of: Heating a first ammonia storage cartridge of a plurality of cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system and obtaining a pressure P3, in an ammonia delivery line;

e Heating a second ammonia storage cartridge of the plurality of cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system when the first cartridge of the plurality of cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system has reached a first reference saturation level, said first reference saturation level being preferably detected by measuring the temperature; e Stopping the heating of the first ammonia storage cartridge of the plurality of cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system when the first storage cartridge of the plurality of cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system has reaches a second reference saturation level, said second reference saturation level being preferably detected by measuring the temperature.

By the expression "pressure P3" is meant the pressure obtained by delivery of ammonia by a cartridge of the plurality of cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system, in the ammonia delivery line to provide ammonia to the ammonia consuming device, said pressure P3 is preferably an absolute pressure of 2 bars. The pressure P3 is detected by measuring the pressure by the pressure sensor positioned on the ammonia delivery line of the ammonia storage and delivery system.

By the expression "the first cartridge of the plurality of cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system has reached a first reference saturation level" is meant to denote the fact of a passage from a saturation level of 8. moles of ammonia per 1 mole of ammonia storage medium at a saturation level of 4 moles of ammonia per 1 mole of ammonia storage medium in the first cartridge of the plurality of cartridges of the storage system and ammonia delivery. In other words, said first cartridge of the plurality of cartridges is found at 50% ammonia saturation when said cartridge reaches the first reference saturation level.

By the expression "the first storage cartridge of the plurality of cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system has reached a second reference saturation level" is meant to denote the fact of a passage of a saturation level. from 4 moles of ammonia to 1 mole of ammonia storage medium at a saturation level of 2 moles of ammonia to 1 mole of ammonia storage medium in the first cartridge of the plurality of cartridges of the storage system and ammonia delivery. In other words, said first cartridge of the plurality of cartridges is found at 25% ammonia saturation when said cartridge reaches the second reference saturation level.

Thus, upon 100% ammonia saturation of a first cartridge of the plurality of cartridges, a temperature T1 will allow the pressure P3 to be obtained and maintained in the ammonia delivery line. The temperature T1 is preferably detected by measuring the temperature on the ammonia delivery line, more preferably at each outlet of the cartridge of the plurality of cartridges, the temperature sensor positioning itself between the first outlet valve of the cartridge of the plurality of cartridges and the cartridge outlet of the plurality of cartridges.

Therefore, 50% saturation, ie the first reference saturation level, a temperature T2, will allow pressure P3 to be maintained in the ammonia delivery line. The temperature T2 is higher than the temperature T1. The temperature T2 is preferably detected by measuring the temperature on the ammonia delivery line, more preferably at each outlet of a cartridge from the plurality of cartridges.

In addition, 25% saturation, ie the second reference saturation level, a temperature T3 is necessary to maintain the pressure P3. However, said temperature T3 is too high for said maintenance of pressure P3. Thus, when the first cartridge of the plurality of cartridges reaches the second reference saturation level, said cartridge of the plurality of cartridges shuts down, switching to a second cartridge of the plurality of cartridges. The temperature T3 is greater than the temperature T2. The temperature T3 is preferably detected by measuring the temperature on the ammonia delivery line, more preferably at each outlet of the cartridge of the plurality of cartridges, the temperature sensor positioning itself between the first outlet valve of the cartridge of the plurality of cartridges and the cartridge outlet of the plurality of cartridges.

In addition, heating of the second cartridge of the plurality of cartridges begins when the first reference saturation level is reached in the first cartridge of the plurality of cartridges, thereby allowing the second cartridge of the plurality of cartridges to be at. a temperature sufficient to maintain the pressure P3 in the ammonia delivery line when shutting down said first cartridge of the plurality of cartridges. Thus, there is no interruption in ammonia delivery for an ammonia consuming device.

Thus, the steps of regulating an ammonia storage and delivery system optimize the operation of an ammonia storage and delivery system.

Another object of the invention is to provide a motor vehicle comprising such an ammonia storage and delivery system.

5. List of figures Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly on reading the following description of a preferred embodiment, given by way of simple illustrative and non-limiting example, and from the accompanying drawings, among which: [Fig. 1] Figure 1 shows an ammonia storage and delivery system according to the invention in a filling phase. [Fig. 2] Figure 2 shows an ammonia storage and delivery system according to the invention in a filling phase. [Fig. 3] Figure 3 depicts an ammonia storage and delivery system according to the invention in an operational phase.

6. Description of at least one embodiment of the invention Referring to Figure 1, a system (1) for storing and delivering ammonia during a filling and start-up phase is presented. The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) comprises at least a plurality of ammonia cartridges (10), each of the cartridges comprising an ammonia storage means (11), preferably the storage means (11) ammonia is a powdered salt of an alkaline earth metal chloride, a first means for adjusting the internal pressure (12) of each cartridge independently of the other cartridges, said first means for adjusting the internal pressure (12) ) comprising a first heating means, said first heating means is preferably a cooling system, comprising for example a circuit for circulating a cooling fluid, preferably an aqueous fluid, more preferably water, a first valve d 'inlet (13), preferably a non-return valve, a first outlet valve (14), preferably a non-return valve; a control device (20), preferably common to the plurality of cartridges (10), making it possible to control the storage and delivery of ammonia for each cartridge independently of the other cartridges, said control device (20) comprises means control means for regulating the flow of ammonia, or even first means for adjusting the internal pressure (12) of the plurality of cartridges (10), a first charge or refill line (30) of ammonia connecting the plurality of cartridges (10), said first line (30) comprising a second inlet valve (31); an ammonia delivery line (40) comprising a pressure sensor (42) and an ammonia metering device (43), said ammonia delivery line connecting the plurality of cartridges (10). The cooling system is preferably part of a cooling device allowing the cooling of an ammonia consuming device. The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) also comprises an ammonia metering device (43) preferably comprising a means for regulating the flow of ammonia at the outlet of the ammonia delivery line (40) to the ammonia consuming device, the ammonia flow rate regulating means is for example a valve, more preferably a controlled valve.

The first ammonia charging or recharging line (30) allows ammonia to pass from the outside to the inside of the storage cartridge in the ammonia storage and delivery system (1), through the first inlet valve (31). Said first inlet valve (13) allows the entry of ammonia into a cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10), when the pressure of the first charge or refill line (30) of ammonia is greater than a pressure. internal of a cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10). Said first inlet valve (13) can be piloted or passive, preferably the first inlet valve is a passive valve, of the non-return valve type. The second inlet valve (31) allows controlled filling of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1), while isolating the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) from the atmosphere, in particular during of a filling phase. The ammonia delivery line (40) allows ammonia to pass from the inside to the outside of the storage cartridge into the ammonia storage and delivery system (1), through the first outlet valve (14). Said first outlet valve (14) allows gaseous ammonia to exit the cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10) when the internal pressure is greater than a pressure in the ammonia delivery line (40). Said first outlet valve (14) can be piloted or passive, preferably the first outlet valve (14) is a passive valve, of the non-return valve type. Thus, the opening of a first outlet valve (14) causes the closing of the other first outlet valves (14) by pressure difference. The ammonia delivery line (40) includes a second outlet valve (41) allowing isolation of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) during a filling phase. The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) also includes a bypass valve (51), positioned on a bypass line (50) allowing a controlled operation of the removal of excess ammonia by the valve. bypass (51), in particular during a filling phase, placing the first ammonia charge or refill line (30) in fluid communication and the ammonia delivery line (40). Said bypass valve (51) is preferably a controlled valve, more preferably said bypass valve (51) is a solenoid valve.

The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) comprises a first overpressure valve (62), positioned on the ammonia delivery line (40) and / or a second overpressure valve (63), positioned on a overpressure line (61), mounted in parallel with the bypass line (50). The first pressure relief valve (62) is in the open position upon detection of S1 suppression. Said S1 suppression is detected in the ammonia delivery line (40), by measuring the pressure by the pressure sensor (42) positioned on the ammonia delivery line (40). The second pressure relief valve (63) is found in the open position upon detection of an excess pressure S2. Said S2 suppression is detected in the ammonia delivery line (40) by measuring the pressure by the pressure sensor (42) positioned on the ammonia delivery line (40). Said overpressure S2 is less than the pressure during an overpressure S1, but greater than a pressure during a simple excess of ammonia in the ammonia delivery line (40). Thus, when the second pressure relief valve (63) is in the open position, the first pressure relief valve (62) is in the closed position and vice versa.

The first (62) and second pressure relief valve (63) are both in the closed position during the bypass operation involving the line (50) and the bypass valve (51). In addition, the first pressure relief valve (62) is placed in fluid communication with a safety cartridge (60). The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) comprises a third outlet valve (45) preferably positioned on the ammonia delivery line (40), upstream of the ammonia metering device (43). Said third outlet valve (45) making it possible to adjust the flow of ammonia supplied to the ammonia consuming device, said third outlet valve (45) is positioned upstream of the ammonia metering device (43) according to the direction the flow of ammonia during an operating phase of the system (1)

storage and delivery of ammonia.

The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) comprises a first starter cartridge (15) comprising a first cooling system (151); a second internal pressure adjusting means (152), said second internal pressure adjusting means (152) comprising a second heating means; an ammonia inlet also serving as an ammonia outlet (153). The first cooling system (151) comprises, for example, a circuit for circulating a cooling fluid, preferably an aqueous fluid, more preferably water.

Said second means for adjusting the internal pressure (152) of the first starter cartridge (15) comprises a second heating means, said second heating means is for example a resistor.

Said first starter cartridge (15) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) makes it possible to rapidly release a sufficient quantity of ammonia, while waiting for the plurality of cartridges (10) of the storage and delivery system (1) to be released. ammonia delivery line or under conditions allowing the release of ammonia into the ammonia delivery line (40).

In addition, the ammonia inlet also serving as the ammonia outlet (153) of said first starter cartridge (15) is in fluid communication with the ammonia delivery line (40) through a second feed line or ammonia recharge (301), independent of the first ammonia charging or recharging line (30), said second ammonia charging or recharging line (301) being the ammonia delivery line (40), preferably said second ammonia charging or recharging line (301) comprises a first piloted valve (154). Said first piloted valve (154) allowing the charging or recharging and the delivery of the first starter cartridge (15), is preferably positioned on the second ammonia charging or recharging line (301), between the ammonia inlet also serving as an ammonia outlet (153) and the junction allowing fluid communication with the ammonia delivery line (40).

During a filling phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1), said ammonia storage and delivery system (1) connected to the filling station (70) forms a flow loop of ammonia starting with the inlet (1A) of said system (1) passing through the plurality of cartridges (10) and the first starter cartridge (15) and ending with the outlet (1B) of said system (1). The loop is repeated until the plurality of cartridges (10) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) are saturated. A pressure Pl is obtained by delivering ammonia by the first starter cartridge (15) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1), into the ammonia delivery line (40) to supply ammonia at the ammonia consuming device, said pressure P1 is preferably an absolute pressure of 1.5 bar. The pressure P1 is detected by measuring the pressure by the pressure sensor (42) positioned on the ammonia - delivery line (40) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1). A pressure P2 is obtained by delivering ammonia from a cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1), into the ammonia delivery line (40) to supply the ammonia. ammonia to the ammonia consuming device, said pressure P2 is preferably an absolute pressure of 2 bars. The pressure P2 is detected by measuring the pressure by the pressure sensor (42) positioned on the ammonia delivery line (40) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1). Finally, the first starter cartridge (15) is cooled by the first cooling system (151).

FIG. 2 shows a system (1) for storing and delivering ammonia according to a particular embodiment of the invention during a filling and start-up phase. The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) comprises at least a plurality of ammonia cartridges (10), each of the cartridges comprising an ammonia storage means (11), preferably the storage means (11) ammonia is a powdered salt of an alkaline earth metal chloride, a first means for adjusting the internal pressure (12) of each cartridge independently of the other cartridges, said first means for adjusting the internal pressure (12) ) comprising a first heating means, said first heating means is preferably a cooling system, comprising for example a circuit for circulating a cooling fluid, preferably an aqueous fluid, more preferably water, a first valve d 'inlet (13), preferably a non-return valve, a first outlet valve (14), preferably a non-return valve; a control device (20), preferably common to the plurality of cartridges (10), making it possible to control the storage and delivery of ammonia for each cartridge independently of the other cartridges, said control device (20) comprises means control means for regulating the flow rate, or the first means for adjusting the internal pressure (12) of the plurality of cartridges (10), a first charge or refill line (30) of ammonia connecting the plurality of cartridges (10), said first line (30) comprising a second inlet valve (31); an ammonia delivery line (40) comprising a pressure sensor (42) and an ammonia metering device (43), said ammonia delivery line connecting the plurality of cartridges (10).

The cooling system is preferably part of a cooling device allowing the cooling of an ammonia consuming device. The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) also comprises an ammonia metering device (43) preferably comprising a means for regulating the flow of ammonia at the outlet of the ammonia delivery line (40) to the ammonia consuming device, the ammonia flow rate regulating means is for example a valve, more preferably a controlled valve.

The first ammonia charging or recharging line (30) allows ammonia to pass from the outside to the inside of the storage cartridge in the ammonia storage and delivery system (1), through the first inlet valve (31). Said first inlet valve (13) allows the entry of ammonia into a cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10), when the pressure of the first charge or refill line (30) of ammonia is greater than a pressure. internal of a cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10). Said first inlet valve (13) can be piloted or passive, preferably the first inlet valve is a passive valve, of the non-return valve type. The second inlet valve (31) allows controlled filling of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1), while isolating the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) from the atmosphere, in particular during 'a filling phase. The ammonia delivery line (40) allows ammonia to pass from the inside to the outside of the storage cartridge into the ammonia storage and delivery system (1), through the first outlet valve (14). Said first outlet valve (14) allows gaseous ammonia to exit the cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10) when the internal pressure is greater than a pressure in the ammonia delivery line (40). Said first outlet valve (14) can be piloted or passive, preferably the first outlet valve (14) is a passive valve, of the non-return valve type. Thus, the opening of a first outlet valve (14) causes the closing of the other first outlet valves (14) by pressure difference. The ammonia delivery line (40) includes a second outlet valve (41) allowing isolation of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) during a filling phase. The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) also includes a bypass valve (51), positioned on a bypass line (50) allowing a controlled operation of the removal of excess ammonia by the valve. bypass (51), in particular during a filling phase, placing the first ammonia charge or refill line (30) in fluid communication and the ammonia delivery line (40). Said bypass valve (51) is preferably a controlled valve, more preferably said bypass valve (51) is a solenoid valve.

The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) comprises a first overpressure valve (62), positioned on the ammonia delivery line (40) and / or a second overpressure valve (63), positioned on a overpressure line (61), mounted in parallel with the bypass line (50). The first pressure relief valve (62) is in the open position upon detection of S1 suppression. Said S1 suppression is detected in the ammonia delivery line (40), by measuring the pressure by the pressure sensor (42) positioned on the ammonia delivery line (40). The second pressure relief valve (63) is found in the open position upon detection of an excess pressure S2. Said S2 suppression is detected in the ammonia delivery line (40) by measuring the pressure by the pressure sensor (42) positioned on the ammonia delivery line (40). Said overpressure S2 is less than the pressure during an overpressure S1, but greater than a pressure during a simple excess of ammonia in the ammonia delivery line (40). Thus, when the second pressure relief valve (63) is in the open position, the first pressure relief valve (62) is in the closed position and vice versa. The first (62) and second pressure relief valve (63) are both in the closed position during the bypass operation involving the line (50) and the bypass valve (51). In addition, the first pressure relief valve (62) is placed in fluid communication with a safety cartridge (60). The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) comprises a third outlet valve (45) preferably positioned on the ammonia delivery line (40), upstream of the ammonia metering device (43). Said third outlet valve (45) making it possible to adjust the flow of ammonia supplied to the ammonia consuming device, said third outlet valve (45) is positioned upstream of the ammonia metering device (43) according to the direction the flow of ammonia during an operating phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1).

The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) comprises a second starter cartridge (16) including a second cooling system (161); a third internal pressure adjusting means (162), said third internal pressure adjusting means (162) comprising a third heating means; a first fluid connection (163) with the ammonia delivery line (40), preferably said ammonia delivery line (40) comprises a second piloted valve (165); a second fluid connection (164) with the first ammonia charge or recharge line (30). The second cooling system (161) comprises, for example, a circuit for circulating a cooling fluid, preferably an aqueous fluid, more preferably water. Said third means for adjusting the internal pressure (162) of the second starter cartridge (16) comprises a third heating means, said third heating means is for example a resistor. Said second starter cartridge (16) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) enables the rapid release of a sufficient quantity of ammonia, while waiting for the plurality of cartridges (10) of the storage and delivery system (1) to be released. ammonia delivery line or under conditions allowing the release of ammonia into the ammonia delivery line (40). Said second piloted valve (165) allowing the delivery of the second starter cartridge (16), is preferably positioned on the first fluid connection (163) with the delivery line (40) of ammonia. During a filling phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1), said ammonia storage and delivery system (1) connected to the filling station (70) forms a flow loop of ammonia starting with the inlet (1A) of said system (1) passing through the plurality of cartridges (10) and the first starter cartridge (15) and ending with the outlet (1B) of said system (1). The loop is repeated until the plurality of cartridges (10) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) are saturated. A pressure Pl is obtained by delivering ammonia by the first starter cartridge (15) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1), into the ammonia delivery line (40) to supply ammonia at the ammonia consuming device, said pressure P1 is preferably an absolute pressure of 1.5 bar. The pressure P1 is detected by measuring the pressure by the pressure sensor (42) positioned on the ammonia delivery line (40) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1). A pressure P2 is obtained by delivering ammonia from a cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1), into the ammonia delivery line (40) to supply the ammonia. ammonia to the ammonia consuming device, said pressure P2 is preferably an absolute pressure of 2 bars. The pressure P2 is detected by measuring the pressure by the pressure sensor (42) positioned on the ammonia delivery line (40) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1). Finally, the first starter cartridge (15) is cooled by the first cooling system (151).

Figure 3 shows a system (1) for storing and delivering ammonia during an operational phase. The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) comprises at least a plurality of ammonia cartridges (10), each of the cartridges comprising an ammonia storage means (11), preferably the storage means (11). ) ammonia is a powdered salt of an alkaline earth metal chloride, a first means for adjusting the internal pressure (12) of each cartridge independently of the other cartridges, said first means for adjusting the internal pressure ( 12) comprising a first heating means, said first heating means is preferably a cooling system, comprising for example a circuit for circulating a cooling fluid, preferably an aqueous fluid, more preferably water, a first valve inlet (13), preferably a non-return valve, a first outlet valve (14), preferably a non-return valve; a control device (20), preferably common to the plurality of cartridges (10), making it possible to control the storage and delivery of ammonia for each cartridge independently of the other cartridges, said control device (20) comprises means control means for regulating the flow rate, or the first means for adjusting the internal pressure (12) of the plurality of cartridges (10), a first charge or refill line (30) of ammonia connecting the plurality of cartridges (10), said first line (30) comprising a second inlet valve (31); an ammonia delivery line (40) comprising a pressure sensor (42) and an ammonia metering device (43), said ammonia delivery line (40) connecting the plurality of cartridges (10).

The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) also comprises an ammonia metering device (43) preferably comprising a means for regulating the flow of ammonia at the outlet of the ammonia delivery line (40) to the ammonia consuming device, the ammonia flow rate regulating means is for example a valve, more preferably a controlled valve.

The first ammonia charging or recharging line (30) allows ammonia to pass from the outside to the inside of the storage cartridge in the ammonia storage and delivery system (1), through the first inlet valve (31). Said first inlet valve (13) allows the entry of ammonia into a cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10), when the pressure of the first charge or refill line (30) of ammonia is greater than a pressure. internal of a cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10). Said first inlet valve (13) can be piloted or passive, preferably the first inlet valve is a passive valve, of the non-return valve type. The second inlet valve (31) allows controlled filling of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1), while isolating the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) from the atmosphere, in particular during 'a filling phase. The ammonia delivery line (40) allows ammonia to pass from the inside to the outside of the storage cartridge into the ammonia storage and delivery system (1), through the first outlet valve (14). Said first outlet valve (14) allows gaseous ammonia to exit the cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10) when the internal pressure is greater than a pressure in the ammonia delivery line (40). Said first outlet valve (14) can be piloted or passive, preferably the first outlet valve (14) is a passive valve, of the non-return valve type. Thus, the opening of a first outlet valve (14) causes the closing of the other first outlet valves (14) by pressure difference. The ammonia delivery line (40) includes a second outlet valve (41) allowing isolation of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) during a filling phase.

The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) also includes a bypass valve (51), positioned on a bypass line (50) allowing a controlled operation of the removal of excess ammonia by the valve. bypass (51), in particular during a filling phase, placing the first ammonia charge or refill line (30) in fluid communication and the ammonia delivery line (40). Said bypass valve (51) is preferably a controlled valve, more preferably said bypass valve (51) is a solenoid valve.

The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) comprises a first overpressure valve (62), positioned on the ammonia delivery line (40) and / or a second overpressure valve (63), positioned on a overpressure line (61), mounted in parallel with the bypass line (50). The first pressure relief valve (62) is in the open position upon detection of S1 suppression. Said S1 suppression is detected in the delivery line (40)

ammonia, by measuring the pressure by the pressure sensor (42) positioned on the ammonia delivery line (40). The second pressure relief valve (63) is found in the open position upon detection of an excess pressure S2. Said S2 suppression is detected in the ammonia delivery line (40) by measuring the pressure by the pressure sensor (42) positioned on the ammonia delivery line (40). Said overpressure S2 is less than the pressure during an overpressure S1, but greater than a pressure during a simple excess of ammonia in the ammonia delivery line (40). Thus, when the second pressure relief valve (63) is in the open position, the first pressure relief valve (62) is in the closed position and vice versa. The first (62) and second pressure relief valve (63) are both in the closed position during the bypass operation involving the line (50) and the bypass valve (51). In addition, the first pressure relief valve (62) is placed in fluid communication with a safety cartridge (60). The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) comprises a third outlet valve (45) preferably positioned on the ammonia delivery line (40), upstream of the ammonia metering device (43). Said third outlet valve (45) making it possible to adjust the flow of ammonia supplied to the ammonia consuming device, said third outlet valve (45) is positioned upstream of the ammonia metering device (43) according to the direction the flow of ammonia during an operating phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1).

The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) comprises a first starter cartridge (15) comprising a first cooling system (151); a second internal pressure adjusting means (152), said second internal pressure adjusting means (152) comprising a second heating means; an ammonia inlet also serving as an ammonia outlet (153). The first cooling system (151) comprises, for example, a circuit for circulating a cooling fluid, preferably an aqueous fluid, more preferably water. Said second means for adjusting the internal pressure (152) of the first starter cartridge

(15) comprises a second heating means, said second heating means is for example a resistance. Said first starter cartridge (15) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) enables the rapid release of a sufficient quantity of ammonia, while waiting for the plurality of cartridges (10) of the storage and delivery system (1) to be released. ammonia delivery line or under conditions allowing the release of ammonia into the ammonia delivery line (40). In addition, the ammonia inlet also serving as the ammonia outlet (153) of said first starter cartridge (15) is in fluid communication with the ammonia delivery line (40) through a second feed line or ammonia recharge (301), independent of the first ammonia charging or recharging line (30), said second ammonia charging or recharging line (301) being the ammonia delivery line (40), preferably said second ammonia charging or recharging line (301) comprises a first piloted valve (154). Said first piloted valve (154) allowing charging or recharging and delivery of the first starter cartridge (15), is preferably positioned on the second ammonia charging or recharging line (301), between the ammonia inlet also serving as an ammonia outlet (153) and the junction allowing fluid communication with the ammonia delivery line (40).

During an operating phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1), a pressure P3 is obtained by delivery of ammonia by a cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10) of the storage system (1) and for delivering ammonia, in the ammonia delivery line (40) to supply ammonia to the ammonia consuming device, said pressure P3 is preferably an absolute pressure of 2 bars. The pressure P3 is detected by measuring the pressure by the pressure sensor (42) positioned on the ammonia delivery line (40) of the ammonia storage and delivery system. Thus, during a 100% saturation with ammonia of a first cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10), a temperature T1 will make it possible to obtain and maintain the pressure P3, in the delivery line (40) ammonia. The temperature T1 is preferably detected by measuring the temperature on the ammonia delivery line (40), more preferably at each outlet of the cartridge from the plurality of cartridges (10), the temperature sensor located between the first valve outlet (14) of the cartridge from the plurality of cartridges (10) and the outlet of the cartridge from the plurality of cartridges (10). The temperature sensor is not shown in Figure 2. Consequently, a 50% saturation, i.e. a first reference saturation level, a temperature T2, will allow the pressure P3 to be maintained in the delivery line (40 ) ammonia.

The temperature T2 is greater than the temperature T1. The temperature T2 is preferably detected by measuring the temperature on the ammonia delivery line (40), more preferably at each outlet of the cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10), before the first outlet valve (14) of the plurality of cartridges.

In addition, 25% saturation, i.e. at a second reference saturation level, the temperature T3 being too high to maintain the pressure P3, thus, the first cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10) is stopped, followed by a switch to a second cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10). The temperature T3 is greater than the temperature T2. The temperature T3 is preferably detected by measuring the temperature on the ammonia delivery line (40), more preferably at each outlet of the cartridge from the plurality of cartridges (10), the temperature sensor located between the first valve outlet (14) of the cartridge from the plurality of cartridges (10) and the outlet of the cartridge from the plurality of cartridges.

In addition, heating of the second cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10) begins when the first reference saturation level is reached, thereby allowing the second cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10) to be at a sufficient temperature. to maintain the pressure P3 in the ammonia delivery line (40) in parallel with the first cartridge of the plurality of cartridges which empties.

Thus, there is no interruption in ammonia delivery for an ammonia consuming device.

Claims (12)

1. System (1) for storing and delivering ammonia, characterized in that the system (1) comprises at least: - a plurality of cartridges (10) for storing ammonia, each of the cartridges comprising: e means ammonia storage (11); e a first means for adjusting the internal pressure (12) of each cartridge independently of the other cartridges, said first means for adjusting the internal pressure (12) comprising a first heating means; e a first inlet valve (13), of the piloted valve or non-return valve type; e a first outlet valve (14), of the piloted valve or non-return valve type; - a control device (20), preferably common to the plurality of cartridges (10), making it possible to control the storage and delivery of ammonia for each cartridge independently of the other cartridges; - a first charge or refill line (30) of ammonia connecting the plurality of cartridges (10), said first charge or refill line (30) comprising a second inlet valve GI); - an ammonia delivery line (40) comprising a pressure sensor (42) and an ammonia metering device (43), said ammonia delivery line (40) connecting the plurality of cartridges (10). 2. Ammonia storage and delivery system (1) according to claim 1, such that the ammonia delivery line (40) comprises a second outlet valve (41). 3. System (1) for the storage and delivery of ammonia according to any one of the preceding claims, such that it comprises a bypass valve (51), positioned on a bypass line (50), placing the first in fluid communication. ammonia charging or recharging line (30) and the ammonia delivery line (40). 4. System (1) for the storage and delivery of ammonia according to any one of the preceding claims, such that it comprises: - a first pressure relief valve (62), positioned on the delivery line (40) of ammonia and /Where ; - a second overpressure valve (63), positioned on an overpressure line (61), mounted in parallel with the bypass line (50). The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) according to claim 4, such that the first pressure relief valve (62) is placed in fluid communication with a safety cartridge (60). 6. System (1) for storage and delivery of ammonia according to any one of the preceding claims, such that it comprises at least a first starter cartridge (15), said first starter cartridge (15) comprising: - a first cooling system (151); - a second internal pressure adjusting means (152), said second internal pressure adjusting means (152) comprising a second heating means; - an ammonia inlet also serving as an ammonia outlet (153). The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) according to claim 6, such that the inlet also serving as the ammonia outlet (153) of said first starter cartridge (15) is in fluid communication with the line. supply (40) of ammonia by a second line of charge or recharge (301) of ammonia, independent of the first line of charge or recharge (30) of ammonia, said second line of charge or recharge (30) d 'ammonia being the ammonia delivery line (40), preferably said second ammonia charging or recharging line (301) comprises a first piloted valve (154). 8. System (1) for storage and delivery of ammonia according to any one of claims 1 to 5, such that it comprises a second starter cartridge (16), said second starter cartridge (16) comprising: - a second cooling system (161); - a third internal pressure adjusting means (162), said third internal pressure adjusting means (162) comprising a third heating means; - a fluid connection (163) with the ammonia delivery line (40), preferably said ammonia delivery line (40) comprises a second piloted valve (165); - a fluid connection (164) with the first ammonia charging or recharging line (30). 9. A method of filling a system (1) for storing and delivering ammonia according to claims 3 to 8, any one of the preceding claims comprising at least the steps of: - Connection to a filling station (70) at the the inlet (1A) and the outlet (1B) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1); - Opening of the second inlet (31) and outlet (41) valves; - Opening of the first inlet (13) and outlet (14) valves of the plurality of cartridges (10); - Filling with ammonia of the plurality of cartridges (10); - Detection of the end of filling with ammonia of the plurality of storage cartridges (10), by measuring the pressure and / or the temperature in the ammonia delivery line (40) and / or at the outlet of each cartridge the plurality of cartridges (10); - Closing of the second inlet valve (31); - Opening of the bypass valve (51); - Evacuation of excess ammonia in the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) through the second outlet valve (41); - Closing of the second outlet valve (41) and of the bypass valve (51); - Disconnection of the connection of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) to the filling station (70). 10. A method of starting a system (1) for storing and delivering ammonia comprising at least the steps of: - Heating a starter cartridge (15, 16) of the system (1) for storing and ammonia delivery; - Obtaining and maintaining a pressure Pl, in the ammonia delivery line (40) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1), by delivery of ammonia from a starter cartridge (15, 16); - Heating of at least one ammonia storage cartridge of a plurality of cartridges (10) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1), until a pressure P2 is obtained, in the line of delivery (40) of ammonia, by liberation of ammonia from at least one cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10), said pressure P2 being greater than pressure P1; - Stopping the heating of the starter cartridge (15,16), preferably with cooling of said starter cartridge (15,16). 11. A method of regulating the delivery of ammonia from an ammonia storage and delivery system (1), comprising at least the steps of: - Heating of a first ammonia storage cartridge of a plurality of cartridges (10) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) and obtaining a pressure P3, in a delivery line (40) ammonia; - Heating of a second ammonia storage cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) when the first ammonia storage cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10) the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) has reached a first reference saturation level, said first reference saturation level being preferably detected by measuring the temperature; - Stopping the heating of the first ammonia storage cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) when the first ammonia storage cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10) ) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) has reached a second reference saturation level, said second reference saturation level being preferably detected by measuring the temperature. 12. Motor vehicle comprising a system (1) for storing and delivering ammonia according to claims 1 to 8.