BE1020074A5 - BUILDING ELEMENT FIRE PROTECTION. - Google Patents

Abstract

Fire-resistant construction element, in particular fire door leaf, comprising two panels, spacers placed between said panels and to which said panels are fixed in which an insulating layer, abundant vaporizing and / or intumescent is placed between the panels and the sprinklers. The fire-rated building element also comprises, at certain places between said panels, one or more heat distributors each comprising a hollow or U-shaped heat conducting element comprising a vaporizing and / or intumescent layer on at least one of the faces. interior of the hollow or U-shaped thermally conductive element, the heat distributor (s) further comprises / each comprise internal guide means for the vaporizable gases of the interior vaporizing and / or intumescent layer and an insulating, abundant vaporizing layer and / or intumescent is placed between the panels and the heat distributor (s).

Description

CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT FIRE PROTECTION Technical Area

The present invention generally relates to fireproof building elements and more particularly to fire doors.

State of the art

Fire-rated building elements, particularly "CF" fire doors, are tested according to standards whose temperature rise curves are as close as possible to a real fire in a building, in the form of a curve. envelope "of synthesis of phenomena.

These tests are carried out in a masonry wall of test furnaces, standardized at the European level, and during these tests the stability of the door block comprising the door leaf and the doorframe, its flame tightness and its thermal insulation are measured.

If successful in such tests, and according to the national acceptance criteria, the door can be qualified as CF 30 minutes, CF 60 minutes, CF 90 minutes, CF 2 hours, CF 4 hours. It should be noted that these classification measures, if they are exceeded, may in practice allow extensions of classification of the doors tested.

Countries have different levels of requirements: some only consider stability without requiring isolation, or this latter criterion is of limited importance. Some countries take into account the insulation and waterproofing according to European standards called li and l2.

For thermal insulation L, in summary of the iso-European standards to be referred to, the average temperature rise on the unexposed side of the leaf must not exceed by more than 140 ° C the initial average temperature, with a rise of maximum temperature, at all points of the leaf, limited to 180 ° C. For insulation U, no temperature measurement can be made within 25 mm of the visible edge of the leaf. For thermal insulation I2, the temperature rise at any point of the frame must not exceed 180 ° C, measured at 100 mm from the visible edge (on the unexposed face) of the leaf.

Therefore, li takes into account the total insulation of the door block (including the edges of the leaf and the frame), whereas b is limited to a partial insulation of the door block (central part of the leaf only until at 100 mm from the edges).

In practice, the rule is that one can not have a hot spot whose temperature would have an increase of more than 180 ° C and that the average of the points measured can not exceed an increase of 140 ° C. In the case U, the thermocouple temperature is measured in particular on a surface 2.5 cm away from the door edges, whereas in the case of I2, this measuring surface is 10 cm away from the edges, in accordance with the rules. applicable in 2011 to which reference should be made.

Furthermore, it is understood that the edges of doors are critical because the temperature of the test furnace is gradually increased along a curve defined at more than 900 ° C, and the door undergoes an overpressure allowing the flames to pass primarily through the interstices between the doorframe and door leaf; the temperature is more intense at the corners which is the gathering of the horizontal and vertical parts of the door leaf. So the most critical areas are located on the periphery of the door leaf and especially in the upper corners.

These standards for the testing of insulated doors correspond to the temperature allowed for the people of a compartment to evacuate this compartment without the radiation excessively heating the air (which can be lethal), or that flames do not pass, and to allow people in one compartment to have the opportunity to go to safety in another compartment.

A fire door passing the insulation tests U thus gives the maximum guarantee of physical integrity during a fire.

Object of the invention

An object of the present invention is to provide a construction element called firewall, in particular a door leaf leaf, having a prolonged fire resistance and in particular a less rapid and / or more homogeneous increase in temperature on the face not exposed to fire and preferably on the weak points of the door during fire tests.

General description of the invention

In order to solve the problem mentioned above, the present invention proposes a fireproof building element, in particular a fire door leaf, comprising comprising two panels, spacers placed between said panels and to which said panels are fixed in which a (first) insulating layer, abundant vaporizing and / or intumescent is placed between the panels and the spacers. According to the invention, the fire-resistant building element further comprises, at certain locations between said panels, one or more heat distributors each comprising a hollow or U-shaped heat conducting element comprising a (second) vaporizing layer and / or intumescent on at least one of the inner faces of the hollow or U-shaped heat conducting element. The heat distributor or distributors further comprises / comprise internal guiding means for the vaporizable gases of the vaporizing layer and / or intumescent interior. A (third) insulating layer, abundant vaporizing and / or intumescent additional is placed between the panels and the or heat distributors. Another aspect of the invention relates to a heat distributor for removing heat from hot spots of a building element during real fire or official tests, which comprises a hollow or U-shaped heat-conducting element provided with second) vaporizing layer and / or intumescent on at least one of its inner faces.

As noted above some points or areas are more stressed during a fire and will tend to heat up faster than others, especially around the periphery and at the location of the hinges.

The major advantage of the proposed building element and heat spreader is that the thermally conductive element associated with the (second) vaporizing and / or intumescent layer allows energy to be spread, removed or dissipated over a larger area. of the building element. It follows that the local increase in temperature at the so-called hot points will be lower and the general increase will be more homogeneous.

If the heat distribu tors are judiciously placed (that is to say according to the nature of the building element, its geometry, etc.), that is preferably in the more stressed in case of fire, they allow to extend the fire resistance time of the entire building element, that is to say the time during which this element of construction can prevent the excessive heating of the air in the compartment not affected by the fire, respectively the spread of fire between two compartments separated by this building element.

The term "insulator" refers to a thermal insulating material, i.e. a material having a low thermal conductivity. The term "abundant" refers to a material which under the prolonged effect of heat exceeding a certain temperature, for example 70 ° C expands. The term "vaporizer" generally indicates a gas-releasing material by absorbing heat of vaporization. Finally, the term "intumescent" defines a material both "abundant" and "vaporizing", that is to say that expands under the effect of heat and releases a gas by vaporization. An intumescent layer in the context of the present invention therefore consists of a material which, under the prolonged effect of the heat exceeding a certain temperature, expands and, preferably, releases a gas by vaporization, for example steam. water. It should be noted that a material "abundant" or "intumescent" after expansion becomes more insulating, and this by reducing its density due to expansion.

Examples of suitable insulating materials are rockwool or glass wool; examples of suitable foaming materials are sodium silicate, plaster; examples of suitable vaporizing materials are hydrated materials and compounds, especially hydrated silicates, hydrated sulfates, etc. ; and examples of suitable intumescent materials are Palusol, etc.

The layer between the inner surface of the panels and the outer surface of the spacers and the layer between the inner surface of the panels and the outer surface of the heat distributors may be the same or different and each consist of a single insulating layer, abounding, vaporizing or intumescent, or they may comprise a combination of several sublayers independently selected from insulating materials, abounding, vaporizing and intumescent. In addition, when these layers are vaporizing and / or intumescent layers, they may be similar or different from that fixed inside the heat distributor.

Thanks to the invention, it is possible to improve the fire resistance time without fundamentally changing the structure of known building elements. The observed effect is significant and allows improvements of at least 10%, if not significantly more, according to official tests carried out on doors of normal dimensions of 2 mx 1 m (University of Liège, Belgium) or large dimensions (greater than 3 mx 3 m, according to CTICM France tests). In this latter test, the heat conducting element was laid horizontally between the upper corners of the door leaf.

In fact, the effect is fourfold: 1) the layers external to the spacers or heat distributors delay the passage of heat from the fire-exposed panel to the internal structure, either simply by intrinsic isolation, or by vaporization, or by reaction endothermic vaporization, either by insulation where necessary due to expansion (or by a combination of these effects), 2) the thermoconductive element of the heat distributor distributes the heat by conduction, 3) the vaporizing layer and / or intumescent the heat distributor (on the inner side of the thermally conductive element) locally cools the thermoconductive element during the vaporization and 4) the hot gas causes the heat by convection towards colder regions. The heat transfer by convection or the displacement of the hot gas can be further improved by the use of a guiding means as mentioned below.

A spacer in the sense of the invention serves to maintain in all circumstances the panels of the building element at a distance from one another. In fact, to fulfill the function of fire element, it is necessary that at least on the majority of the surface of the panels, there is no contact between the panels to avoid direct heat conduction of one side of the element towards the other (that is to say, a fire compartment from one building to another). Although the folded edges of the panels can be attached (eg, welded) together and act as spacers, the edges of the opposing panels are preferably separated at all points by a non-thermally conductive member, as described below. The space between the opposing panels (also called the core) of the building element, not occupied by other elements (spacers, heat distributors, etc.) is generally filled with an insulating material, such as those defined herein. -above.

In a preferred variant, at least some of the spacers of the construction element are interconnected and form a hollow metal support frame, respectively an internal tubular frame coated on the outside of a first insulating layer, abundant vaporizing and / or intumescent placed between the panels and the frame. This internal frame can be used to fix in its inner part, vertically or horizontally the heat-conducting element (for example aluminum, copper or thin steel sheet (less than 1 mm)). The frame serving as a frame is advantageously made of steel. Preferably, this hollow metal support frame comprises tubular sections on at least one, preferably at least three sides, in particular on all sides of the periphery of the building element, but may also include sleepers. In a further variant, the hollow metal support frame comprises tubular sections of polygonal section, preferably rectangular, square or U.

Fixing the different parts of the frame together can be done in a known manner by any suitable means, preferably by welding, especially at 45 ° corners.

In a preferred variant of the construction element, the hollow metal frame (the internal tubular frame) itself represents the heat-conducting element of a heat distributor, that is to say it comprises, at least some places, in its internal part, a vaporizing layer and / or intumescent. Nevertheless, for certain more demanding applications, the hollow metal frame may furthermore comprise on one or more of its internal faces one or more additional thermoconductive elements, preferably in materials which are more thermally conductive or lighter than the material constituting the frame, for example in aluminum or copper. In the latter case the vaporizing layer and / or intumescent is applied to the thermally conductive element distal to the frame or frame.

In an even more preferred variantaccording to the invention, the thermoconductive element and the vaporizing and / or intumescent layer are associated with a guiding element reinforcing the cold structure while improving the swelling character, since it avoids sagging, making it possible to guide the vaporized gas to another location inside the building element or even outside of it.

Such a guiding means may represent a pipe or tube, possibly open, one end of which is close to the vaporizing and / or intumescent inner layer and the other in a more distant region, preferably at a location which is a priori less thermally stressed.

Panels may have a straight edge on the periphery of the building element. For some applications, however, said panels are preferably folded over at least a portion of the periphery of the element. Preferably, the panels are folded over at least a portion of the periphery of the building element, but without their edges are fixed together or even touch to avoid a thermal bridge between the two panels. Advantageously, the edges are separated (at least in the folded places) by a low heat conducting or insulating element, advantageously non-thermally conductive, preferably plastic.

The panels may be independently of one another of metal, preferably sheet metal, or fire-resistant synthetic material, preferably based on phenolic resins or phenolic copolymers; or alternatively a composite or laminate material composed of several different materials.

A further aspect of the invention relates to a construction element which is a leaf or door leaf, preferably in the so-called flush system. Another aspect of the invention relates to a set of door leaf and doorframe or door block comprising a construction element as described above fixed to a doorframe by means of at least two hinges.

In the case of hinges fixed by a bushing passing through the metal frame, it is proposed to extend this sleeve beyond this frame, by loading it with vaporizing / intumescent material so that water vapor or vaporized gas disperses within the insulating blanket constituting the central inner part (core) of the door leaf. Of course this socket can also, at the internal frame, be in contact with a heat distributor as described here, placed for example vertically.

The invention extends to a heat distributor (or hot-spot removal system) as described above, incorporating a heat-conducting element and a vaporizing and / or intumescent material whose gases are dispersed at a distance from these points. hot.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other features and features of the invention will become apparent from the detailed description of some advantageous embodiments presented below, by way of illustration, with reference to the accompanying drawings. These show:

Fig. 1 is a front view of a building element 1 according to the invention;

Fig. 2: is a partial section of a variant of the construction element at one of its edges;

Fig. 3: is a front view of another building element;

Fig. 4: is a cross section partially exploded through another variant of the construction element;

Fig. Fig. 5 is a typical graph of the temperature change on the unexposed panel of a building element according to the invention compared to a similar conventional element; and

Fig. Figure 6 is a schematic isometric view of a corner of a variant of the building element.

Fig. 7: is a section of the tube serving as a frame, showing on one of its internal faces a thermoconductive element in U, which is fixed the intumescent element / vaporizer also U having at its center a thin metal sheet also U.

Fig. 8: is a hinge cup screwed into a socket extending towards the rockwool mattress and coated with the intumescent / vaporizing element.

Description of preferred embodiments

Figure 1 shows the position of the thermocouples 2 and 3 fixed on a firestop door CF 1 during tests, standardized fire, positioned in particular on the diagonals of the rectangle of door leaf.

The flying thermocouple 2 is exemplarily illustrated in the peripheral zone greater than 2.5 cm from the CF door edges and the flying thermocouple 3 in the area greater than 10 cm from these edges.

To pass the tests, these thermocouples must not detect a hot spot greater than 180 ° C compared to the temperature of the room where the test takes place.

FIG. 2 shows a section of the thermally conductive element assembly 6 coated on at least its three outer sides with the intumescent insulator 5, and on its internal part or parts with an internal intumescent insulator 7, this material being able to be provided with active guide means 8 during creep or fire swelling of the insulator 7.

It should be noted that the closed tube 6 acts as a tunnel, having a heat transport sheath, hot spots to colder areas. Tests have shown that the heat dispersion occurs by successive advancement, so that the phenomenon is not instantaneous but progressive, which lengthens its duration and saves precious minutes.

FIG. 3 shows a largely glazed door CF 1 (window 9) provided with heat distributors 10, for example of the type detailed in FIG. 2

FIG. 4 shows a section in a metal CF door with its cover panels folded over its edges and comprising an internal tubular frame 4 of the door, a thermoconductive element 6 made of aluminum or other thermally conductive material, the internal intumescent element 7, the central internal guide 8 forcing the vapor of the sandwiched product to evacuate its vapor to the calorie-conducting element and thus to cool it. The core of the door is filled with an insulating material 14.

FIG. 5 shows the curve 11 of temperature increase (Δί in K) measured as a function of time (minutes) during tests on the upper corner of a door provided with heat distributors 10 (FIG. compared to the curve 12 which shows such a test in a door not equipped with this system. This comparison shows the technical effect of the gain of several minutes without reaching the limit of 180 ° C, even in a reduced zone when temperature is measured at more than 2.5 cm from the edges (criterion I-i).

FIG. 6 describes a view of a metal door wedge (without panels) whose internal framework 17 is welded to the corner 16 contains the heat distributor 10 (shown schematically), located vertically and horizontally, an air space being possibly kept between the corner of the metal frame and the distributor 10.

FIG. 7 schematically shows a variant of FIG. 2 and shows a section of a U-shaped section 4 acting as an internal framework of the door leaf and as a heat-conducting element, incorporating an intumescent / vaporizing internal layer 7 forming a guide channel. The U-section 4 is covered with an intumescent / vaporizing outer layer 5.

FIG. 8 shows a partial section through a set of door leaf and door frame, in which a hinge 18 is connected on one side to the doorframe 20 and on the other by screwing in a socket 19 passing through the internal frame 17 of the door. The door comprises a first panel 21 and a second panel 22. The edges of the panels (eg the edge 23 of the first panel 21) are folded over the edge of the door. The internal framework 4 is covered on three sides by an intumescent layer 5.

The sleeve 19 passes through the internal framework 4 and is coated with an intumescent material. This material when it is subjected to a sufficient temperature (in the case of a fire) vaporizes at least in part and the gases can escape through orifices 26 and the open end of the sleeve towards the insulating material 14 of the soul of the door.

Legend: 1 Construction element seen from the front 2 and 3 Thermocouples 4 Support frame or tube 5 External layer to the frame 6 Thermoconductive element in internal contact with the frame 7 Internal layer of the intumescent element / vaporizing the framework 8 Guide means 9 Glass panel 10 Heat distributor 11 Temperature curve (according to the invention) 12 Temperature evolution curve (state of the art) 14 Insulation 15 Panel or sheet 16 Welding of the corner of the frame 17 Internal frame 18 Hinge to be screwed into the socket 19 19 Extended sleeve for screwing the hinge 18 to the internal frame 17 20 Door frame 21 1st panel 22 2nd panel 23 Folded edge of the 1st panel 24 Intumescent layer 25 Inside of the framework 26 Perforation in the socket

Claims (13)

1. Fireproof building element, in particular fire door leaf, comprising two panels, spacers placed between said panels and to which said panels are fixed in which an insulating layer, abundant vaporizing and / or intumescent is placed between the panels and spacers, characterized in that the building element cut-feU further comprises, at certain locations between said panels, one or more heat distributors each comprising a hollow or U-shaped heat conducting element comprising a vaporizing layer and or intumescent on at least one of the inner faces of the hollow or U-shaped heat conducting element, in that the heat distribution unit or distributors further comprises / comprise internal guiding means for the vaporizable gases of the vaporizing layer and / or intumescent interior and in that an insulating layer, abundant vaporizing and / or intumescent is placed between the panels and the heat distributor (s). 2. Construction element according to claim 1, wherein at least some of the spacers are interconnected and form an internal tubular frame coated on the outside of a first insulating layer, abundant vaporizing and / or intumescent placed between the sheets and the backbone. 3. Building element according to claim 2, wherein the inner tubular frame comprises tubular sections on at least one, preferably at least three sides of the periphery of the building element. 4. Construction element according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the inner tubular frame comprises tubular sections of polygonal section, preferably rectangular, square or U. 5. Construction element according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the inner tubular frame is the thermally conductive element. 6. Construction element according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the inner tubular frame further comprises at least one internal heat-conducting element. 7. Construction element according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said panels are folded over at least a portion of the periphery of the construction element. 8. Construction element according to claim 7, wherein said panels folded over at least a portion of the periphery of the building element are separated at these locations by a non-thermally conductive element, preferably plastic. 9. Construction element according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the panels is metal, preferably sheet metal. 10. Construction element according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the panels is fire-resistant synthetic material, preferably based on phenolic resins or phenolic copolymers. 11. Building element according to any one of the preceding claims, which is a door leaf, preferably in the so-called flush system. 12. A door leaf and doorframe assembly comprising a construction element according to claim 11, fixed to a doorframe by means of at least two hinges preferably provided with fixing sleeves containing a thermally conductive material and an intumescent inner layer. 13. Heat distributor for removing heat from hot spots of a building element during real fire or official tests, characterized in that it comprises a hollow or U-shaped heat conducting element provided with a vaporizing layer and or intumescent on at least one of its inner faces, and internal guiding means for the vaporizable gases of the vaporizing layer and / or intumescent inner.