AU746473B2

AU746473B2 - Security and/or value document

Info

Publication number: AU746473B2
Application number: AU91520/98A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Benedikt Ahlers; Arnim Franz-Burgholz; Roland Gutmann; Frank Kappe; Ralf Paugstadt; Bertl Podoll
Original assignee: Bundesdruckerei GmbH
Current assignee: Bundesdruckerei GmbH
Priority date: 1997-07-04
Filing date: 1998-07-02
Publication date: 2002-05-02
Anticipated expiration: 2018-07-02
Also published as: PE101699A1; PL208128B1; DE59806201D1; DE19758856B4; MY139994A; ES2186219T3; DE19729918B4; PT993379E; WO1999001291A2; DE59814094D1; CA2294755A1; PL337943A1; DK0993379T3; CO4790121A1; EP0993379A2; AU9152098A; HUP0100039A2; ATE372882T1; DE19729918A1; ATE227217T1

Abstract

The security method is adopted valuable documents that criminals may wish to forge, e.g. banknotes. The method of preventing forgery is to produce a banknote with a verification element (2). When the banknote is folded, the security element produces a specific visual effect when aligned with a security marking (3). The verification element is in the form of a transparent window that has a lens raster pattern and this interacts with the security marking.

Description

Translation from German 22060 DE 3 r d July, 1997 Bundesdruckerei GmbH, Oranienstr. 91, 10958 Berlin Security document and/or value document The present invention relates to a security document and/or value document.

In particular, documents of personal identification, banknotes, securities, documents, service cards, such as credit cards or the like, postage stamps and general products that require authorization, can often be manufactured by a process that is easily reproducible.

Translation from 2 With these products it is desirable to incorporate features that facilitate providing evidence of their genuineness, i.e. that show that they are originals.

These security features should preferably be fixed in an inseparable manner to the product that is to be authorized and/or they should have features that are difficult to reproduce.

The background of the invention is the manufacture and application of security features for security documents and/or value documents.

Numerous security features are known, such as fluorescing fibres or threads/planchettes/colours, microtypes, moir6generating structures, holograms and similar.

Frequently, the security features implemented in products requiring protection consist of special colours having special spectral characteristics or magnetic properties or temperature-dependent behaviour (thermochrome colours). Barcode is used, in which the difference in reflectivity of the surface is utilized, or grid structures or film antennae utilizing the resonance frequency in an oscillating circuit are also put to use.

Security documents are known from AU 488 652, where the security features can be inspected by means of throughlight viewing. Arranged between plastic webs, there is an ~l ly varying security element, which can be viewed Translation from German 3 through a transparent window located in the above-lying cover web. The disadvantage here, in particular, is that with the naked eye the applied security features can only be viewed through-light, and that the material properties of the document are severely altered.

The implementation of only one transparent window on banknotes is also known as a security feature applied in practice (Australian banknotes).

DE 43 34 847 Al describes a value document with a window where the base material is subsequently given a windowlike knock-out, which is then covered by a transparent cover film, whereby the cover film in this part of the window incorporates additional security features. The process of manufacturing this subsequent break-out in the base material of the value document (security), to provide a window, and then covering this window with a cover film that partly incorporates additional security features, is technologically intensive and means that the material of the value document is made thicker. The requirement, that parts of the window must remain transparent so that the security features can be viewed through-light with the naked eye, limit the possibilities offered of providing security features arranged in a covered form. Just as with the known window threads used on banknotes, such possibilities involve elements which, in themselves, only serve as a security element but have no further function. These known windows may themselves also incorporate security features.

Translation from German 4 The test for genuinity of the known security elements usually requires the application of special equipment, methods and, in particular, test equipment such as magnifying glasses for checking microtype, lenticular screens for checking hidden graphical elements, UV lamps for making fluorescences visible, or a through-light method for optically recognizing the respective security feature.

DE 36 09 090 Al describes a value document (security) into which a security thread has been deposited, which can be viewed visually without a technical aid. The security thread consists of a transparent material.

Impressed into the upper surface is a screen of cylindrical lenses. Applied directly to the opposite side of the film of the foil there is a printed image. This printed image is designed with consideration to the optical characteristics of the cylindrical lenses. By designing the printed image accordingly, it is possible to incorporate information here that only becomes visible from certain viewing angles.

A disadvantage here is that there is paper arranged directly beneath the thread, so that the security feature can only be viewed through reflection and not through transmission. Only the thread provides the element of security. The thread constitutes a conventional security element.

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P:\OPERXDM91520-98 r~p2 03 .dbc-3I~IO 2 The object of the present invention is to develop a generically compliant security document and/or value document, in which security against forgery is increased and the document can be inspected for genuinity more easily and without the use of external aids.

In accordance with the invention, there is provided a security document and/or value document, in particular banknote, with at least one security feature and with a verification element for verifying the security feature, whereby at least one verification element and at least one security feature are integrated in the document at different positions, whereby the verification element and the security feature are superimposed when verification 15 takes place, whereby the verification element is formed by at least one window with at least one transparent zone, and Sthe verification element is an interference filter and/or S• hologram.

20 By implementing on the document both security features as well as verification means, such as detectors for verifying *these security means, what is accomplished is that no external means for checking the genuinity of the document are required. The authenticity of security features on a document, for example a banknote, can be checked by means of one or more transparent windows on the same banknote.

The combination of security features and a verification system on one and the same banknote increases security against forgery, because the verification means can in itself also be designed as a security feature. Both the viewing side and the rear side of the banknote can be viewed to check authenticity. By suitably folding a banknote, or any other document that has been manufactured acccordance with the method P:\OPER\DMI91520-98 mpl 327.doc.23/1 1101 of the invention, or by stacking several banknotes on top of each other, it is possible to check the security feature by bringing the security feature into interaction with the verification system, e.g. window.

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a a a Translation from German 6 A verification element that has been applied to the value document can be used to check different security elements incorporated at different positions in the value document.

For example, in a passport two opposing pages can be used.

to verify the document. For this purpose, one of the pages can be fitted with the verification element, e.g. a lenticular screen film, on part or all of the page, while the other page may have the security feature that must be analyzed, for example a latently visible screen structure. The genuinity of the document is checked by suitably placing these two pages over each other.

:Similarly, two banknotes, checks or two other equivalent value documents can be checked for genuinity.

The decisive factor is the functionality of the window or windows integrated in the document. No substantial thickness is added to the document, because the security feature and the detection means are located on different parts of the document and not over each other.

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S 55 S Translation from German 10 The invention will be described further with the help of the drawings described below; these show embodiment examples of a banknote serving as a value document. In these drawings: Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a banknote with a window and a security feature, Fig. 2 is the schematic representation of an arrangement with a window having two zones on the banknote and serving as the

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e **o 4e o eo Translation from 11 verification element, Fig. 2a is the schematic representation of an arrangement of one window with two zones according to Fig. 2, for forming a "Vectograph", Fig. 2b is the schematic representation of an arrangement of one window with two zones according to Fig. 2, for forming different patterns, Fig. 2c is the schematic representation of an arrangement of one window with two zones according to Fig. 2, for forming a chromastereoscopic image, Fig. 2d is the schematic representation of an arrangement of one window with two zones according to Fig. 2, for forming "halfwave" zones, Fig. 3 is the schematic representation of an arrangement of two adjacent windows with different verification elements, Fig. 4 is the schematic representation of the creation of screen structures, and Translation from 12 Fig. 5 is the schematic representation of a banknote with windows in one corner.

According to the representation in Fig. i, a value document, e.g. a banknote 1, is embodied with one transparent window 2, which, by means of its being equipped with verification elements serving as a detector or similar, is used to verify a security feature located in zone 3 of the banknote 1. Verification of the security feature in zone 3 of the banknote 1 is accomplished, for example, by overlapping the two zones 2 and 3.

In the first example, the window 2 in Fig. 1 is provided with a lenticular screen that serves as a verification element. The orientation of the lens screen in the zone of the window 2 and the correspondingly printed screen, which serves as a security feature in zone 3 of the banknote i, must be co-ordinated in such a way that the required effects become visible when zones 2 o and 3 are brought to overlap each other suitably, for I example by folding.

The printed screen structures serving as the security a oa feature in zone 3 can be created with any type of printing technique that is applied in security printing, preferably the simultaneous-offset method (Letterset), because of the high resolution required.

Translation from 13 Fig. 4 shows a simple example of the creation of screen structures in the form of the letter By overlapping the lens screen in window 2 with the line screen 4 in zone 3, a clear image 7 of the letter appears in the eye of the beholder.

Also, printed line structures in combination with embossments, which show so-called tilt effects (DE 23 34 702), and which are preferably created using the intaglio process, can be made visible by suitably overlapping zones 2 and 3 (Fig. 1) of the banknote i, whereby zone 2 must have the lens screen to enhance the tilt effect.

The lens screens preferably consist of equal-type cylindrical lenses, which are arranged parallel to each other, preferably at the same distance apart 200 Pm).

These cylindrical lenses can be introduced into a transparent material, e.g. PVC films, by several different means, e.g. by casting a film on a belt with a negatively formed profile or by extruding lens screens by means of specially formed injection nozzles, e.g. wideslit nozzles.

The cylindrical lenses can also be produced by paging with a suitable pattern, or by rolling out films between rollers that have the corresponding negative profile.

Translation from 14 Gradient-index lenses can be made out of bleached silver halide layers or photo-polymers.

In a second example according to Fig. 1, the verification element in window 2 of banknote 1 is formed through Fresnel lenses or by means of similar magnifying optical structures that facilitate the recognition of very small type or graphical elements in zone 3 of document 1 when zones 2 and 3 are suitably overlapped.

Here the very minimal thickness of the Fresnel lenses together with the good magnification of the lens, e.g. to 10-fold, is a decisive advantage for integration into the substrate materials.

According to a third example, the verification element in window 2 of the banknote 1 in Fig. 1 is formed by fine line structures, which are also formed on a part of document 1 in zone 3. When the corresponding zones 2 oo: and 3 of document 1 are overlapped, so-called moire structures are generated. Examples of moire-generating patterns are described in DE 28 19 640, DE 23 24 702, DE 26 03 558, DE 36 02 563.

The verification element in window 2 may consist of a printed line screen or a printed dot screen for a visual coding/decoding method for a banknote 1. In addition to printing fine dots and/or lines, it is also possible to punch zone 2 (window) of the document 1 or to perforate it, preferably by means of laser perforation, so that IRA4/itable overlapping of zones 2 and 3 of the banknote 1, Translation from 15 e.g. by folding, will generate a moir6 pattern. Zone 3 of the banknote 1 may consist of a transparent material with printed lines/screen, an opaque material with printed lines/screen or also a zone with a suitable perforation, preferably a laser perforation.

In a fourth example, a polarizing filter on/in a preferably transparent film material is integrated as a verification element in zone 2, e.g. of a banknote i, in combination with a further similarly designed polarizing filter in zone 3. The polarizing filter in zone 3 is preferably designed vertically or parallel to the S.polarizing filter in zone 2 and works as an analyzer, so that suitable overlapping of zones 2 and 3 of the ooo banknote 1 and rotation of the overlapping zones 2 and 3 against each other will cause the optical transparency (bright/dark) to alternate or change.

In a further example, an additional dichroic (double •o e :--[refracting), graphically structured layer is applied, e.g. by printing, sputtering, casting and similar, so "that suitable overlapping of zones 2 and 3 of the oooo S"banknote 1 and rotation of the overlapping zones 2 and 3 against each other will cause a graphic element, e.g. a letter, to become visible.

Translation from 16 A further example is achieved when one of the two polarisation filters in zones 2, 3 is replaced with a reflecting layer, whereby additionally a dichroic, graphically structured layer is applied to this reflecting layer. Suitable overlapping of zones 2 and 3 of the banknote 1 and rotation of the overlapping zones 2 and 3 against each other will cause a graphic element, e.g. a letter, to become visible.

A further example provides that one of the two polarisation filters is replaced with a reflecting layer, whereby additionally a dichroic, graphically structured layer is applied to this reflecting layer. This doublei refracting transparent layer can be preferably designed oo as a liquid-crystal-containing film. Suitable overlapping of zones 2 and 3 of the banknote i, e.g. by folding, and by rotation of the overlapping zones against each other will cause a graphic element, e.g. a letter, to become 555.

visible.

For many verification effects it is desirable to easily and simply bring two different verification elements over the security feature. This often eases the perception of

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changes in the case of movement-effects or colourswitching effects. It eases verification in cases where a rotation of the verification element with respect to the security feature is necessary. With a single verification window 2, such a rotation would be very impracticable. To solve these problems, it has been suggested that the _,erification window 2 should be divided into two adjacent Translation from 17 analyzer areas (Fig. 2, 2a through 2d) or that two adjacent windows 2 (Fig. 3) should be arranged with different verification elements.

Fig. 2c shows a window 2 serving as a verification element, where at least two clear analyzer zones 5, 6 are arranged adjacently as windows 2 serving as verification elements on the banknote 1. The analyzer zones 5, 6 are preferably holographic prisms, if possible embodied as superchromatic prisms, for a so-called chromastereoscopic image. Preferably the prisms are embodied as gradient-index prisms in the form of thin S"film materials.

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An example according to Fig. 2a provides that at least two adjacently arranged clear analyzer zones 5, 6 in a window 2 are embodied as a so-called "Vectograph". A Vectograph consists of two polyvinyl-alcohol films, which .form linear polarizing filters when they are printed on with iodine paints. The two films are arranged in such a way that when the front side contacts the iodine paint vertical polarization results, and when the rear side contacts the iodine paint horizontal polarization results (Fig. 2a, 2b). Iodine paint is used to print a selected first pattern, for example a square 10 (Fig. 2a, 2b), on the front side, and a selected second pattern, for example a star 11 (Fig. 2a, 2b), on the rear side. When the two superimposed films are viewed with a linear analyzer (window 2, zone 5 in Fig. 2a, 2b), the first S rn (square 10) becomes visible when the analyzer is P:OPERUDHN91l20-98 r-p2 03 .dc-31/01/2 18oriented horizontally 5, and the second pattern (star 11) becomes visible when the analyzer is oriented vertically 6.

In the same manner is also possible to implement colour changes.

A verification window 2 divided in this manner with analyzer zones 5, 6 makes it unnecessary to have to rotate the window 2; the window 2 only needs to be shifted.

Similarly formed zones 5, 6 can be designed to implement a changeover in contrast from transmitting to non-transparent.

Such structures can be implemented by applying to a linear polarizing film 8 (Fig. 2d) so-called "half-wave" zones 9 (phase plates with a phase shift of 180° between the 15 ordinary ray and the extraordinary ray), for example by means of suitably oriented film materials of the correct thickness (Fig. 2d). The polarization direction is turned by 90° in these zones. This effect is particularly impressive with area-filling patterns. Similarly formed 20 build-ups serve to implement a clearly discernible colour switchover based on the principle referred to as "colour shutter".

In an embodiment of the verification element(s) in window 2 of the banknote 1, interference filters/colour filters, generally transparent refraction structures such as holograms and multilayer systems are used.

Translation from 19 The interference filters/colour filters are formed in/on the preferably transparent film material or they consist of this material. The filters are integrated for example on a banknote 1 in zone 2 in combination with a coloured graphical element in zone 3. When zones 2, 3 of the banknote 1 are suitably overlapped, a certain spectral range in the graphic element, for example a character, is blanked out by zone 2 or allowed to pass through, so that a colour impression is perceived that differs from the original colour.

Both dyed, transparent materials as well as transparent materials with e.g. coloured vaporized/sputtered, printed colours can be used as interference filters/colour filters.

In a further embodiment, at least two clear analyzer areas 5, 6 are arranged adjacently according to the representation shown in Fig. 2 and 3. These zones 5, 6 are formed to at least two colour filters for viewing soe called anaglyphs (stereo images), whereby the anaglyphs are located in zone 3 of the banknote i. When zones 5, 6 and 3 are suitably overlapped in a certain distance to each other, a stereo-impression is created.

All windows can be embodied in any arbitrary form, preferably in a form that is best suited to the respective selected verification element; thus the embodiment can also be thread-like or, as shown in Fig.

-i.ngular in shape.

Translation from 20 The windows can be embodied at any points on the document, thus also in a corner of the document, as shown in Fig. 5 as an example; the requirement is only that it must be possible to bring together the security feature and the verification element for verifying the security feature in such a way that they can work together, for example by folding, twisting, superimposing one or several documents.

Superimposition can be accomplished by direct contact or, in some cases, with a gap between the security feature and the verification element.

•The reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that the prior art forms part of the common general knowledge in Australia.

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Claims

2. Security document and/or value document according to claim i, characterized by, that at least one security feature is embodied on the front side and/or rear side. S
3. Security document and/or value document according to claim i, characterized by, that the security feature is formed by at least one window. S 25 4. Security document and/or value document according to claim i, characterized by, that the verification element is formed by at least one window with at least two zones with verification elements.
5. Security document and/or value document according to claim 4, characterized by, that at least one window is embodied as a holographic filter that reflects a narrow spectral range. P:\OPER\DH\91520-98 respl 327.doc-23/11/01 -22-
6. Security document and/or value document according to claim 1, characterized by, that the verification element and the safety feature of the document are, for the purpose of verifying the safety feature, brought into position over each other by folding the document, in which effective position they can be machine-recognized.
7. Security document and/or value document according to claim 1, characterized by, that the verification element of a document and the safety feature of another document are brought into position over each other for the purpose of verifying the security oo 15 feature.
8. Security document, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings. DATED this 2 3 rd day of November, 2001 Bundesdruckerei GmbH 0. 25 By DAVIES COLLISON CAVE Patent Attorneys for the applicant(s)