AU712872B2 - Ensiling composition - Google Patents
Ensiling composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU712872B2 AU712872B2 AU18787/97A AU1878797A AU712872B2 AU 712872 B2 AU712872 B2 AU 712872B2 AU 18787/97 A AU18787/97 A AU 18787/97A AU 1878797 A AU1878797 A AU 1878797A AU 712872 B2 AU712872 B2 AU 712872B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- ensiling
- composition
- acid
- green forage
- silage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 40
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004460 silage Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000696 methanogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- GMPYNOTVKNXELU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromoethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC(Br)S(O)(=O)=O GMPYNOTVKNXELU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000194036 Lactococcus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000192132 Leuconostoc Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930191564 Monensin Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- GAOZTHIDHYLHMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Monensin A Natural products O1C(CC)(C2C(CC(O2)C2C(CC(C)C(O)(CO)O2)C)C)CCC1C(O1)(C)CCC21CC(O)C(C)C(C(C)C(OC)C(C)C(O)=O)O2 GAOZTHIDHYLHMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005358 monensin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- GAOZTHIDHYLHMS-KEOBGNEYSA-N monensin A Chemical compound C([C@@](O1)(C)[C@H]2CC[C@@](O2)(CC)[C@H]2[C@H](C[C@@H](O2)[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@@H](C)[C@](O)(CO)O2)C)C)C[C@@]21C[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](C)C(O)=O)O2 GAOZTHIDHYLHMS-KEOBGNEYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 241000191940 Staphylococcus Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000009917 Crataegus X brevipes Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
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- 235000009685 Crataegus X maligna Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009444 Crataegus X rubrocarnea Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009486 Crataegus bullatus Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
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- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
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- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 5
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- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical class [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical class [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium propionate Chemical compound [Na+].CCC([O-])=O JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 235000010334 sodium propionate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004324 sodium propionate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960003212 sodium propionate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical class COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000219310 Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Species 0.000 description 2
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- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000209049 Poa pratensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000021536 Sugar beet Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical class N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1 BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RXWNCPJZOCPEPQ-NVWDDTSBSA-N puromycin Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](N2C3=NC=NC(=C3N=C2)N(C)C)O[C@@H]1CO RXWNCPJZOCPEPQ-NVWDDTSBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical class [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AWQSAIIDOMEEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-Dimethyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC1CC(=O)OC1(C)C AWQSAIIDOMEEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical class [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229950010131 puromycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960003010 sodium sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002110 toxicologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical class [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 241001148471 unidentified anaerobic bacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical class [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Description
0050/46635 Ensiling composition The present invention relates to an ensiling composition containing an effective amount of at least one inhibitor of methanogenic bacteria. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the ensiling composition and its use for ensiling green forage and preventing aerobic and anaerobic degradation processes in the silage.
The production of silage is of extremely great commercial importance in animal nutrition. A number of additives and processes for improving the fermentation process and for improving the silage quality are known. Thus, the currently valid list of the ensiling compositions tested by the Deutsche Landwirtschaftliche Gesellschaft (DLG) describes the use of salts of formic acid and of propionic acid, nitrite compounds, sorbic acid, formaldehydegenerating compounds and sugar-containing substances, eg. molasses.
DE-A 39 16 563 describes the addition of lactic acid-producing bacteria for improving the silage quality. The use of effective ensiling compositions reduces the feed losses due to nutrient degradation and prevents partial or complete spoilage through incorrect fermentation.
In general, in order to obtain a very good silage, it is necessary for a sufficient amount of lactic acid to be produced very rapidly and to be maintained in the silage for the stated storage period.
Important parameters for good ensiling are, for example, the buffer capacity of the forage plants, the contents of antimicrobial secondary ingredients in the plants, the acid- and osmosistolerance of the naturally occurring and of added lactic acidproducing bacteria, the metabolic efficiency of the natural epiphyte population, the presence of a sufficient amount of fermentable carbohydrates and anaerobic conditions in the feedstock.
There are close interactions between these parameters. In the presence of atmospheric oxygen, fermentable carbohydrates can be degraded by plant parts which are not yet dead or enzymes thereof and by aerobic microorganisms. This process involves a considerable nutrient loss, which inhibits development of lactic acid bacteria and at the same time makes it possible for silage pests to grow. This process continues until the atmospheric oxygen has ~been consumed. Under unfavorable conditions, this results in
NO,
C1<N.
0050/46635 2 failure to reach the rapid and necessary pH reduction in the material being ensiled. These are favorable growth conditions for Clostridia. Butyric acid bacteria (Clostridia) are anaerobic bacteria which, in the absence of oxygen, degrade organic substrates to alcohols, acids, CO 2 and N 2 The acid formed is preferably butyric acid. The growth of the Clostridia and the associated formation of butyric acid considerably impair the quality of the silage. This butyric acid fermentation can lead to complete spoilage of the silage.
Clostridia are known to spoil feeds and foods.
German Laid-Open Application DOS 2,613,503 discloses organic acids for ensiling green forage. Lactic acid bacteria for ensiling green forage and a combination of organic acids and lactic acid bacteria are described in EP 369 198 B1 and EP 399 385 B1, respectively.
It is possible to suppress Clostridia by adding nitrite. However, the addition of nitrite is problematic from the toxicological point of view.
In spite of this use of nitrite or nitrate in ensiling, silages suffer a constant weight and quality loss due to respiration of the sugars and starch by these undesirable microorganisms. This leads to considerable economic damage.
It is an object of the present invention to prevent the development of butyric acid-forming bacteria (Clostridia) in the silage, without the abovementioned disadvantages, and thus to suppress anaerobic degradation processes of the silage in a controlled manner.
We have found that this object is achieved and that, by adding inhibitors of methanogenic bacteria to the silage, the growth of the Clostridia can be suppressed in a controlled manner and the fermentation and quality losses of silages can thus be substantially reduced. The present invention relates to an ensiling composition containing an effective amount of at least one inhibitor of methanogenic bacteria.
The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the ensiling composition and its use for ensiling green forage and preventing aerobic and anaerobic degradation processes in the silage.
hA 1 0050/46635 3 Inhibitors of methanogenic bacteria which are suitable for the novel ensiling composition are all substances which selectively inhibit the growth of methanogenic bacteria. Methanogenic bacteria are to be understood as meaning, for example, the following families and genera of Archaea: Methanobacteriacae, Methanobacterium, Methanobrevibacter, Methanospaera; Methanothermaceae, Methanotherumus; Methanococcaceae, Methanococcus; Methanosarcinaceae, Halomethanococcus, Methanococcoides, Methanohalobium, Methanohalophilus, Methanolobus, Methanosarcina, Methanosaeta; Methanomicrobiaceae, Methanoculleus, Methanogenium, Methanolacinia, Methanomicrobium, Methanoplanus, Methanospirillum; Methanocorpusculaceae, Methanocorpusculum.
Inhibitors of methanogenic bacteria are, for example, antibiotics such as puromycin and/or bacitracin, bacteriocins and/or methanogenesis inhibitors, such as bromoethanesulfonic acid and/or monensin. Preferably used inhibitors are methanogenesis inhibitors, very pdrticularly preferably bromoethanesulfonic acid and/ or monensin.
Individual inhibitors or combinations of different inhibitors may be used.
The inhibitors may be used alone for ensiling green forage and preventing anaerobic degradation processes in silage or in combination with other ensiling agents, lactic acid-producing bacteria and/or assistants for ensiling green forage and preventing aerobic and anaerobic degradation processes in silage.
The inhibitors of methanogenic bacteria are used in an amount of from 0.01 to 99.9, preferably from 0.05 to 90, particularly from to 70, by weight, based on the total ensiling amount [sic] 100 by weight).
The inhibitors of methanogenic bacteria can advantageously be used in an amount of from 0.001 to 10, in particular from 0.05 to 8, very preferably from 0.1 to 5, kg, based on one metric ton of material being ensiled.
Suitable ensiling agents are all known inorganic and organic ensiling agents. Inorganic ensiling agents are, for example, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, cobalt carbonate, sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, manganese sulfate, cobalt sulfate, iron sulfate, zinc sulfate and/or copper sulfate, sodium metabisulfite, orthophosphoric acid, sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium phosphate, calcium silicate, kieselguhr and mineral acids, such as hydrochloric acid 0050/46635 4 and/or sulfuric acid. Sodium nitrite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium chloride and/or potassium chloride are preferred.
Organic ensiling agents are to be understood as meaning, for example, formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, hexamethylenetetramine, organic acids and/or agriculturally useful salts thereof, without being restricted to these. Aliphatic C 1
-C
7 -mono-, di- and tricarboxylic acids, benzoic acid and/or agriculturally useful salts thereof, for example formic acid, acetic acid, glycolic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, heptanoic acid, acrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid and sorbic acid, are preferably used. Particularly preferred acids and/or agriculturally useful salts thereof are citric acid, formic acid and/or propionic acid. Particularly preferred salts are calcium formate, sodium formate, sodium propionate and/or calcium propionate.
Agriculturally useful salts of the abovementioned acids are salts of those bases which do not impair the ensiling effect.
Particularly suitable basic salts are those of the alkali metals, preferably the sodium and potassium salts, those of the alkaline earth metals, preferably calcium, magnesium and/or barium salts, and those of the transition metals, preferably manganese, copper, zinc, cobalt and/or iron salts, and the ammonium salts.
The ensiling agents can advantageously be used in an amount of from 0.1 to 99.99, preferably from 10 to 99.95, in particular from 25 to 99.5, by weight, based on the total amount of ensiling composition 100 by weight).
The ensiling agents may be added individually or in combination with the ensiling composition.
Strains of lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB) which may be added to the novel ensiling composition are in principle all those which grow under the conditions prevailing in the silage and produce sufficient lactic acid, ie. form lactic acid in such an amount that the resulting decrease in pH is so rapid that no undesirable microorganisms can develop.
Suitable LAB are advantageously those of the genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Carnobacterium, Staphylococcus, Aerococcus and/or Pediococcus. Microorganisms of the genera Lactococcus, Lactobacillus and/or Leuconostoc are particularly suitable. The genus and species Lactobacillus plantarum is very particularly suitable. The bacteria may be used 71 k-' 0050/46635 in fluid, frozen or lyophilized form. Before use, they may be applied to a substrate and/or mixed with further assistants and/or granulated.
Examples of suitable substrates are calcium carbonate, bran, semolina, granulated sugar, bone feed meal, bole, talc, stearates of alkaline earth metals, sodium chloride, rock salt or other minerals suitable for feeding. When the bacteria are mixed with or applied to the substrate, it should be ensured that the bacteria are not damaged. Individual bacterial strains or combinations of different strains may be used.
The bacteria can advantageously be used in an amount of from 0 to preferably from 0 to 5, in particular from 0 to i, by weight, based on the total amount of ensiling composition 100 by weight).
For the purposes of the present invention, assistants are substances which promote the growth of microorganisms, such as fermentable carbohydrate-containing products, for example molasses, boiled potatoes, cereal meal, dried whey, green spelt meal, dried sugar beet pulp, sugar, starch hydrolysis products or wood hydrolysis products.
The addition of cellulolytic, amylolytic and/or other carbohydrate-degrading enzymes or nitrogen in bound form, for example urea or ammonium compounds, such as ammonium sulfate, also has a growth-promoting effect.
Assistants may advantageously be added to the ensiling composition prepared according to the invention in an amount of from 0 to 60, preferably from 0 to 50, very particularly preferably from 0 to 30, by weight, based on the total amount of ensiling composition 100 by weight).
The silage which can be used according to the invention is not subject per se to any particular restriction. All readily ensilable feeds (slightly wilted grass and other feed plants containing more than 3 of sugar in the fresh matter, wilted grass containing 30 of dry matter, wilted leguminosae containing 35 of dry matter, silo corn and corn cob products containing 25 of dry matter, whole-plant cereals, moist cereals and moist corn, pressed sugar beet pulp), feeds which are moderately difficult to ensile (grass containing from 20 to 25 of dry matter, leguminosae containing from 25 to 30 of dry matter and other feed plants having sugar contents of from 1.5 to 3 in the fresh matter) or feeds which are difficult to ensile (grass con- 0 0050/46635 6 taining 20 of dry matter or leguminosae containing 20 of dry matter with less than 1.5 of sugar in the fresh matter and grass or leguminosae which have been unsuccessfully wilted) are suitable. The material being ensiled preferably has a moisture content of at least 50 very preferably from 60 to 90 (corresponding to 40-10 of dry substance).
The novel ensiling composition is added to the material being ensiled in an amount of from 0.01 to 20, in particular from 0.05 to 10, very preferably from 0.1 to 5, kg per metric ton of material being ensiled. The ensiling composition may be provided to the farmer as individual components or as a prepared mixture. In this case, it is advantageous to use the components in a form such that the components do not mutually influence one another in an adverse manner. This can be achieved, for example, by micronization. It is added to the material to be ensiled advantageously in the form of a distributable mixture of the components. However, the components may also be added separately to the material being ensiled. The ensiling composition is applied either manually or by means of applicator or a metering apparatus, during chaffcutting and/or during or after storage of the green forage.
The examples which follow illustrate the invention and are preferred embodiments of the invention.
Example 1 Alfalfa containing 19 of dry matter was ensiled, and 4 g of ensiling composition per kg of material being ensiled were added in all examples. Batch 1 (Table 1) is the control without the addition of ensiling compositions. Batch 2 shows the effect of a conventional ensiling composition comprising 50 by weight of sodium propionate and 50 by weight of sodium formate.
Table I: Ensiling of alfalfa S Jk :1643
I
r :h i Batch Weight loss in g/kg of material being ensiled 1 16.2 2 7.1 3 3 Batch 3 shows the dry weight losses in the case of an ensiling composition comprising 45 by weight of sodium propionate, 50 by weight of sodium formate and 5 by weight of bromoethanesul-
;I
0050/46635 7 fonic acid as a methanogenesis inhibitor. Table 1 shows the mean values from three independent experiments in each case.
The use of methanogenesis inhibitors significantly reduces the weight loss of the material being ensiled.
Example 2 Mixed meadow grass containing 23 of dry substance was ensiled.
Batch 1 (control) in Table II shows a weight loss of 5.8 g.
A mixture of 50 by weight of sodium propionate and 50 by weight of sodium formate (batch 2) showed a loss of 3.0 g. The same mixture containing 5 by weight of bromoethanesulfonic acid had a weight loss of only 2.0 g. Here too, the mean values of three independent experiments are shown.
Table II: Ensiling of mixed meadow grass Batch Weight loss in g/kg of material being ensiled 1 5.8 2 3
H/A;~
sr Ii~T
Claims (14)
1. An ensiling composition containing an effective amount of at least one methanogenesis inhibitor of methanogenic bacteria.
2. An ensiling composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein bromoethanesulfonic acid or monensin is used as the methanogenesis inhibitor.
3. An ensiling composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein an inorganic or organic ensiling agent is used as the ensiling agent.
4. An ensiling composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ensiling agent used is an organic acid or an agriculturally usable salt •thereof.
5. An ensiling composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the ensiling agent used is an aliphatic C1-C7-mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acid, benzoic acid or an agriculturally usable salt thereof.
6. An ensiling composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Carnobacterium, Staphylococcus, Aerococcus or Pediococcus.
7. A process for the preparation of an ensiling composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein inhibitors of methanogenic bacteria, ensiling agents, l atic acid-producing bacteria and assistants are mixed.
8. A process for the preparation of an ensiling composition as claimed in claim 7, wherein the individual components are granulated before or after mixing. S'i~ S9
9. A material being ensiled, containing an ensiling composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6. A material being ensiled, containing from 0.01 to 20 kg of an ensiling composition as claimed in claim 9 per metric ton of silage.
11. A method for preventing anaerobic degradation processes in green forage silages, wherein an effective amount of an ensiling composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 is added to the green forage plants.
12. A method for preventing anaerobic degradation processes in green forage silages as claimed in claim 11, wherein one or more inhibitors of methanogenic bacteria are added to the green forage plants in an amount of from 0.001 to 10 kg per metric ton of material being ensiled.
13. Use of an ensiling composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 for S ensiling green forage and preventing aerobic and anaerobic degradation processes in silage. 00:0
14. Use of one or more methanogenesis inhibitors for ensiling green forage and preventing anaerobic degradation processes in silage. 0 15. An ensiling composition as claimed in claim 1 substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the examples. 000
16. A process for the preparation for an ensiling composition as claimed in claim 7 substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the examples. DATED this 14th day of September, 1999 BASF AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT WATERMARK PATENT TRADEMARK ATTORNEYS 290 BURWOOD ROAD HAWTHORN VICTORIA 3122 AUSTRALIA LCG/JGC/MEH DOC 28 AU1878797.WPC /H,
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19608263 | 1996-03-04 | ||
| DE19608263A DE19608263A1 (en) | 1996-03-04 | 1996-03-04 | Ensiling agent |
| PCT/EP1997/000983 WO1997032487A1 (en) | 1996-03-04 | 1997-02-28 | Ensilage agent |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU1878797A AU1878797A (en) | 1997-09-22 |
| AU712872B2 true AU712872B2 (en) | 1999-11-18 |
Family
ID=7787145
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU18787/97A Ceased AU712872B2 (en) | 1996-03-04 | 1997-02-28 | Ensiling composition |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0884954A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU712872B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2248007A1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ275698A3 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19608263A1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HUP9901816A3 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL125252A0 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9806176A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO984043L (en) |
| PL (1) | PL328860A1 (en) |
| SK (1) | SK116898A3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997032487A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA971807B (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10105347A1 (en) * | 2001-02-05 | 2002-08-22 | Nutrinova Gmbh | Sorbic acid preparation containing probiotics as a feed additive in livestock rearing |
| DE10110431A1 (en) * | 2001-03-05 | 2002-09-19 | Nutrinova Gmbh | Bacteriocin-containing sorbic acid preparation as a feed additive in livestock rearing |
| WO2010017568A1 (en) * | 2008-07-21 | 2010-02-18 | Erber Aktiengesellschaft | Method for treating food silage for ruminants and food silage additive |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2940857A (en) * | 1958-12-19 | 1960-06-14 | Purdue Research Foundation | Preservation of silage |
| DE1234504B (en) * | 1960-09-03 | 1967-02-16 | Biehl & Co | Farm feed preparation |
| US4423224A (en) * | 1980-09-08 | 1983-12-27 | Sds Biotech Corporation | 4-Me-1-(2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)ethyl)benzene sulfonate and N-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)ethyl methanesulfonamide |
| US4764510A (en) * | 1986-04-11 | 1988-08-16 | Eli Lilly And Company | Antibiotic A42125 and process for its production |
| AU669591B2 (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1996-06-13 | Bio-Technical Resources Lp | Anthraquinone inhibition of methane production in methanogenic bacteria |
| GB9512106D0 (en) * | 1995-06-14 | 1995-08-09 | Norsk Naeringsmiddelforskning | Animal feed |
-
1996
- 1996-03-04 DE DE19608263A patent/DE19608263A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-02-28 WO PCT/EP1997/000983 patent/WO1997032487A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-02-28 HU HU9901816A patent/HUP9901816A3/en unknown
- 1997-02-28 IL IL12525297A patent/IL125252A0/en unknown
- 1997-02-28 SK SK1168-98A patent/SK116898A3/en unknown
- 1997-02-28 CA CA002248007A patent/CA2248007A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-02-28 AU AU18787/97A patent/AU712872B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-02-28 PL PL97328860A patent/PL328860A1/en unknown
- 1997-02-28 EP EP97905121A patent/EP0884954A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-02-28 CZ CZ982756A patent/CZ275698A3/en unknown
- 1997-03-03 ZA ZA971807A patent/ZA971807B/en unknown
-
1998
- 1998-07-31 MX MX9806176A patent/MX9806176A/en unknown
- 1998-09-03 NO NO984043A patent/NO984043L/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO984043L (en) | 1998-11-03 |
| HUP9901816A3 (en) | 2000-03-28 |
| CZ275698A3 (en) | 1999-02-17 |
| AU1878797A (en) | 1997-09-22 |
| SK116898A3 (en) | 1999-01-11 |
| EP0884954A1 (en) | 1998-12-23 |
| IL125252A0 (en) | 1999-03-12 |
| HUP9901816A2 (en) | 1999-09-28 |
| ZA971807B (en) | 1998-09-03 |
| PL328860A1 (en) | 1999-03-01 |
| NO984043D0 (en) | 1998-09-03 |
| WO1997032487A1 (en) | 1997-09-12 |
| MX9806176A (en) | 1998-10-31 |
| CA2248007A1 (en) | 1997-09-12 |
| DE19608263A1 (en) | 1997-09-11 |
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