AU718099B2 - Method of sealing non-cementitious structures - Google Patents
Method of sealing non-cementitious structures Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU718099B2 AU718099B2 AU60715/96A AU6071596A AU718099B2 AU 718099 B2 AU718099 B2 AU 718099B2 AU 60715/96 A AU60715/96 A AU 60715/96A AU 6071596 A AU6071596 A AU 6071596A AU 718099 B2 AU718099 B2 AU 718099B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- face
- seepage
- water
- region
- solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 silicate ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Building Environments (AREA)
Description
P/00/011 28/5/91 Regulation 3.2
AUSTRALIA
Patents Act 1990
ORIGINAL
COMPLETE-SPECIFICATION
PATENTOF ADDITION a.
a. a a.
a a a. a a.
Name of Applicant: Actual Inventor(s): Address for service is: NOTWHEAT PTY LTD Brian Cutler WRAY ASSOCIATES 239 Adelaide Terrace Perth, WA 6000 Attorney code: WR Invention Title: Method of Sealing Non-Cementitious Structures Details of Associated Patent No: 665479 The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me:- -2- The present invention relates to a method of sealing non-cementitious structures.
In particular the invention has application to the sealing of non-cementitious structures which are located in a water bearing medium and which are required to provide a protective environment from the water bearing medium. Such structures can include underwater tunnels, caissons, pylons, walls, slabs and building foundations which are formed of a non-cementitous material such as bricks, rock, clay, compacted earth soil or ground and which may be located underwater or in water bearing ground formations or in damp or moist conditions.
Throughout the specification the-term "non-cementitious structure" is to be taken to include the above mentioned structures.
ooooo The previous methods of sealing concrete structures have comprised the application of sealing- composition- to a surface prior-to being-subjected to water or to the "dry" side of the structure. Such- compositions have generally comprised epoxy resins, caulking compositions and the like which are applied over the-"dry" surface in the region of the seepage and in some cases over the whole of the "dry" surface. While such methods have- in some cases been satisfactory, in the short term, in preventing any further seepage of water from the concrete structure in the region of the seepage, it has been found that such a method has not ":provided a long term solution to the problem. A difficulty with such previous systems is that the structure in the region of the seepage remains saturated. As a result the contaminants contained in the water, can affect the integrity of the structure and the bonding between the sealing composition and the surface structure of the of the concrete.
Accordingly the invention resides in a method of sealing a non-cementitious structure of the form described above where one face is in contact with or is located within a water bearing medium, the method comprising introducing a solution of calcium ions into the water bearing medium in the region of seepage locations through the structure, and then subsequently introducing an aqueous -3silicate solution into the water bearing medium in the region of the seepage location, maintaining the delivery of the aqueous silicate until the passage of water through to the other face at the seepage locations is substantially eliminated.
According to a preferred feature, said method further comprises maintaining the delivery of the aqueous solution containing calcium ions to the region of the seepage location, in conjunction with the application of the aqueous silicate solution. If desired the delivery of the aqueous solution containing calcium ions and the aqueous solution is applied alternately According to a further preferred feature of the invention, a first set of pipes or conduits or the like are located in the region of the seepage location for the delivery of aqueous calcium solution to the one face in the region of the seepage location and, a second set of pipes or conduits or the like.are located in the region of the seepage location for the-delivery of aqueous silicate solution to one face of the non-cementitious structure in the region -of the seepage location.
According to a further preferred feature of the invention the set of pipes or conduits are located within the one face of the non-cementitious structure.
SAccording to yet another preferred-feature of the invention, the set of pipes or conduits or the like are located adjacent the external surface of the one face of the non-cementitous structure in the region of the seepage location to allow for S"direct delivery of the solutions to the one face of the non-cementitious structure in contact with the water bearing medium.
According to another preferred feature of the invention at least one passage is formed through the non-cementitious structure in the region of :the seepage location, where the passage extends to the one face of the non-cementitious structure, and the solutions are delivered through said passage.
According to another preferred feature of the invention one or more conduits are inserted into the water bearing medium to terminate adjacent the one face in the -4region of the seepage location and -said solutions are delivered through the one or more conduits.
According to yet another preferred feature of the invention the aqueous solutions are applied to the one face of the non-cementitious structure, in the region of the seepage location, under pressure at least equal to the hydrostatic pressure at the one face.
According to yet another preferred- feature of the invention the aqueous silicate solution is applied in association with an appropriate wetting agent or wetting agents.
•According to another preferred feature of the invention the pipes or conduits can .ooo.r be isolated into sections to allow selective delivery of the aqueous solutions to various locations along the concrete structure., According to another preferred feature of the invention the aqueous calcium solution is calcium acetate.
According to another preferred feature of the invention the aqueous silicate solution is sodium silicate.
The invention will be more fully understood in the light of the following description S. of several specific embodiments.
The embodiment relates to a method for preventing the seepage of water through a non-cementitious structure such as a wall or floor where one face of the wall or floor is in contact with a water bearing medium.
It is a feature of the embodiment to determine that the concentration of calcium ions contained within the water seeping through the non-cementitious structure is of a predetermined concentration and- therefore it is appropriate to measure the concentration of calcium ions inthe water seeping through to the other face of the structure at the seepage location.
The method comprises forming a series of holes through the wall or floor in the region of the seepage location where the holes extend through to the one face of the wall or floor which is located in the water bearing medium. Suitable pipes or conduits are located in each of the holes and each of theconduits are connected to a pump. An aqueous solution containing calcium ions in the form of a solution of calcium acetate is injected through the pipes into the region surrounding the seepage locations in order to increasethe concentration of calcium ions. During the injection process the water seeping to the other face of the structure at the seepage location is monitored to measure the concentration of calcium ions in the water being carried through the structure.
S...i SWhen it is noted that the concentration ofcalcium ions in the water being-carried.
.through the concrete structure is sufficiently high, an aqueous solution of sodium silicate is introduced through the pipes or conduits into the region surrounding the seepage location at the one face.
SAs a result the silicate solution is dispersed into the water surrounding the seepage location at the one face and is carried through the seepage locations in the concrete structure through to the other face. Due to the presence of the 9.:""calcium ions, calcium silicate will precipitate from solution in the region of the Sseepage locations and along the seepage flow paths and become deposited in the seepage flow paths and pores in the structure to block the seepage flow paths along their length. In addition due to the presence of calcium ions in the seepage location, in the region of the one face, calcium silicate may also precipitate from solution and become bonded to the one face thus which serves in further complimenting the sealing effect along the sealing paths.
The injection of the calcium ion solution and the silicate solution is effected through separate series of conduits terminating in the region surrounding the leakage or seepage points and the solutions are delivered to the conduits -6through a dual action pump. The ratio of the calcium ion solution and silicate solution being delivered to the one face of the concrete structure is adjusted according to the concentration of calcium ions contained in the water being carriedto the other face of the wall or floor- through the seepage flow paths. The injection of the calcium ion solution and the silicate solution is maintained until there is no further seepage of water at the location.
The silicate solution, and if desired the calcium ion solution, is associated with an appropriate wetting agent to ensure that the silicate solution passes through and into all of the interstices surrounding the seepage locations for reaction with calcium ions which may be present as a result of the injection of the calcium ion solution. In addition the wetting agent can facilitate the- bonding of the resultant precipitate to the surfaces of the seepage location.
r i SThe dual action pump which is.'utilised in the delivery of the calcium ion solution and the silicate solution comprises a pair of pumps which are driven from acommon drive shaft where each pumping chamber is provided with a diaphragm which is caused to move to increase and decrease the volume of the pumping chamber through the application of hydraulic pressure. The required ratio of solutions passing from each pump is varied by varying the degree of diaphragm travel in each pumping chamber. The pump is capable of producing a wide variety of pressures in order to be able to counteract the hydrostatic pressure S which may exist at the one face of the concrete structure to ensure the injection of each solution into the region surrounding the one face. By utilisation of the pump a very accurate control is maintained of the ratio of calcium ions to silicate ions being introduced into the region surrounding the seepage location and the pressure of injection into that face can be controlled to match the hydrostatic pressure.
The method of controlling seepage and leakage through a wall or floor according to the embodiment can be utilised in existing solutions by the formation of passageways through the concrete structure and installing of pipes through those passageways for connection to the pump. In addition the method can be utilised in new structures by installing a network of conduits outside the structure which have delivery outlets opening into the one face of the new concrete structure where the network may comprise a number of circuits which can be isolated from each other for the delivery of the appropriate solutions to specific locations at the one face of the structure in the event of a leakage occurring in the concrete structure due to subsequent structural movement of the structure or seepage developing through the structure.
In some instances it is not possible or appropriate to gain access to the one face of the wall or floor by forming holes through the wall or floor from the other face.
In such instances the injection of the calcium ion solution and the silicate solution i: can be effected by directapplication to the one face. This can be effected by locating the conduits delivering-the solution in the water bearing medium at the "•exterior of the structure such that the delivery point of the conduit is located adjacent the seepage location. In the case of an underground tunnel or building foundation, holes are bored through the ground to the location adjacent the structure through which the conduits are passed for delivering of the solutions to the desired locations. If the concrete structure is located underwater, delivery conduits can be mounted to the exterior of-the structure such that the outlets are 5located directly adjacent the structure in the region of the seepage locations whereby the solutions will be delivered to the surface of the structure in the region of the seepage and be drawn into the structure as a result of the water 9 flow through the seepage location. If a general application is to be applied over the whole surface of a structure which may have suffered significant deterioration, a network of conduits can be located adjacent the exterior face of the structure for the application of the solutions over the whole of the exterior face.
The effect of the method according to-the embodiment is that the sealing action is effected by materials which are carried by the water as it enters the structure and therefore any pores, microcracks or other minute interstices have the sealing agent delivered into them by the water. On the precipitation of calcium silicate in such spaces within the structures, no further water is permitted to pass through those locations which prevents any further wetting or saturation of the concrete structure and resultant damage to the integrity of the concrete structure by the presence of water and any-undesirable contaminants which may effect the reinforcing and/or the bonding between the constituents of the structure.
According to another embodiment the method of the invention can be used in sealing seepage locations in the beds of artificial lakes or dams. In such structures it is usual practice to use clay or a similar medium to line the floor of the lake or dam and in order to seal the floor. In many instances the thickness of the lining is inadequate, or the material is of poor quality, or faults develop in this lining after water has been introduced. To repair such faults it is usually necessary to empty the lake or-dam and reline the floor of the dam or lake. By O use of the method of the invention once the location of the leakage can be identified the calcium ion solution and silicate solution can be delivered through conduits onto the floor of the lake or dam in the region of the leakage in the manner as described-above. When the region of leakage cannot be identified the solutions can be delivered over the complete bed of the lake-or dam. This can be done by delivering the solutions through conduits terminating closely above the 0000 floor of the lake and moving-the conduits over the floor of the lake or dam until the whole of the floor is traversed. Alternatively the solution can be introduced into the bed of the lake or dam by raking the floor of the lake with the conduits 6 00 while allowing the solutions to flow into the surface of the bed being raked. As a result there is no need to empty the lake- or dam and there is no introduction into the water of toxic substances which will affect the potablility of the water or damage the environment.
It should be appreciated that the scope of the present invention need not be limited to the particular scope of the embodiment described above.
Claims (14)
1. A method of sealing a non-cementitious structure where one face of the structure is in contact with water or a water bearing medium, said method comprising introducing a solution of calcium ions into the water or water bearing medium in the region of the seepage locations in the structure introducing an aqueous silicate solution to the one face in the region of the seepage location maintaining the delivery of the aqueous silicate until the passage of water through to the other face at the seepage locations is substantially eliminated.
2. A method as claimed at claim 1 further comprising monitoring the concentration of calcium ions in water flowing through the seepage location and introducing the silicate solution when the calcium ions are of a predetermined concentration.
3. A method of sealing a concrete structure asclaimed at claim 1 or 2 where the method further comprises, maintaining the delivery of the calcium ion solution, and the aqueous silicate solution to the one face until the passage of water ~through to the other face at the seepage locations is substantially eliminated.
4. A method as claimed in claims 1, 2 and 3 as dependant wherein, a first set of one or more pipes or conduits or the like are provided for the delivery of aqueous calcium solution, to one face of the non-cementitious structure in contact with the water or water bearing medium, in the region of the seepage location, and a second set of one or more pipes or conduits or the like are located in the region of the seepage location for the delivery of aqueous silicate solution to the one face of the structure in the region of the seepage location. A method as claimed in claim 4 where the sets of pipes or conduits can be isolated into sections.
6. A method as claimed in claim 4 or 5 where the set of pipes or conduits are located within the one face of the structure.
7. A method as claimed in claim 4 -or 5 where the set of pipes or conduits are located adjacent the external surface of-the one face of the structure.
8. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 comprising forming at least one passage through the structure in the region of the seepage location where the passage extends to the face of the structure, and delivering the solutions through said passage.
9. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein a passage is formed ~in the water bearing medium to terminate adjacentthe-one face in the region of the seepage location and said solutions are delivered through the passage. S•
10.A method as claimed in claims 1 to 8 where the aqueous solutions are delivered to the one face under pressure at least equal to the hydrostatic S pressure at said face.
11.A method as claimed in any one of claims I to 10 where the aqueous silicate solution is associated with an appropriate wetting agent or wetting agents.
12.A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11 wherein the aqueous calcium solution is calcium acetate.
13.A method as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 12 wherein the aqueous silicate solution is sodium silicate. -11
14. A method substantially as herein described. DATED this Twenty-fifth day of July 1996 NOT WH EAT PTY LTD Applicant. WRAY ASSOCIATES, Perth, Western Australia, Patent Attorneys for the Applicant. see* 6:: *04560 'Go, 0* 0
90.0
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU60715/96A AU718099B2 (en) | 1994-01-18 | 1996-07-25 | Method of sealing non-cementitious structures |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU53851/94A AU665479B2 (en) | 1993-01-18 | 1994-01-18 | Method of sealing concrete structure |
| AU60715/96A AU718099B2 (en) | 1994-01-18 | 1996-07-25 | Method of sealing non-cementitious structures |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU53851/94A Addition AU665479B2 (en) | 1993-01-18 | 1994-01-18 | Method of sealing concrete structure |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU6071596A AU6071596A (en) | 1998-02-05 |
| AU718099B2 true AU718099B2 (en) | 2000-04-06 |
Family
ID=25630220
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU60715/96A Ceased AU718099B2 (en) | 1994-01-18 | 1996-07-25 | Method of sealing non-cementitious structures |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU718099B2 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU4332585A (en) * | 1984-06-06 | 1985-12-12 | Minova International Limited | Consolidating loose ground formation |
| AU3581689A (en) * | 1988-05-31 | 1989-12-07 | Sondages Injections Forages "Sif" Enterprise Bachy | Process for producing an acid-resistant barrier seal in soil, and compositions usable for this purpose |
| AU2056892A (en) * | 1991-07-31 | 1993-02-04 | Raw Patents S.A. | Flexible coating for insulating soils and equipment against water, air and gases |
-
1996
- 1996-07-25 AU AU60715/96A patent/AU718099B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU4332585A (en) * | 1984-06-06 | 1985-12-12 | Minova International Limited | Consolidating loose ground formation |
| AU3581689A (en) * | 1988-05-31 | 1989-12-07 | Sondages Injections Forages "Sif" Enterprise Bachy | Process for producing an acid-resistant barrier seal in soil, and compositions usable for this purpose |
| AU2056892A (en) * | 1991-07-31 | 1993-02-04 | Raw Patents S.A. | Flexible coating for insulating soils and equipment against water, air and gases |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU6071596A (en) | 1998-02-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FGA | Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent) | ||
| MK14 | Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired |