AU568019B2 - Stable olfactory repellent composition, resultant articles and method of repelling pests using said composition - Google Patents
Stable olfactory repellent composition, resultant articles and method of repelling pests using said compositionInfo
- Publication number
- AU568019B2 AU568019B2 AU43510/85A AU4351085A AU568019B2 AU 568019 B2 AU568019 B2 AU 568019B2 AU 43510/85 A AU43510/85 A AU 43510/85A AU 4351085 A AU4351085 A AU 4351085A AU 568019 B2 AU568019 B2 AU 568019B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- animal
- wormwood
- feral
- repelling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 230000001846 repelling effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 9
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 title description 12
- 235000003097 Artemisia absinthium Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 28
- 235000009051 Ambrosia paniculata var. peruviana Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000017731 Artemisia dracunculus ssp. dracunculus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000003261 Artemisia vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000001138 artemisia absinthium Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000001851 Artemisia dracunculus Species 0.000 claims 6
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229940068984 polyvinyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 240000002877 Artemisia absinthium Species 0.000 description 22
- 241000282421 Canidae Species 0.000 description 9
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 210000003739 neck Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 3
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 3
- 244000062645 predators Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000699694 Gerbillinae Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000208838 Asteraceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000289427 Didelphidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282335 Procyon Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000555745 Sciuridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282487 Vulpes Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013334 alcoholic beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000507 anthelmentic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021485 packed food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008954 quail grass Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008786 sensory perception of smell Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001256 tonic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020047 vermouth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
- A01N25/28—Microcapsules or nanocapsules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/12—Asteraceae or Compositae [Aster or Sunflower family], e.g. daisy, pyrethrum, artichoke, lettuce, sunflower, wormwood or tarragon
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Description
STABLE OLFACTORY REPELLENT COMPOSTION, RESULTANT ARTICLES AND METHOD OF REPELLING PESTS USING SAID COMPOSITION
BACKGROUND OF THE" INVENTION It is well known that rats, mice, squirrels, foxes raccoons, dogs, cats, and other feral and domesticated animals and pests cause damage to a variety of buried items, such as telephone wires and cables, as well as damage to shrubbery, gardens, packed articles of food, plastic arti¬ cles, clothing, and the like. A variety of techniques are used to either kill or repel such pests and while they are to varying degrees successful, they are either uniformly difficult to apply, or expensive, and/or in some instances toxic. Accordingly, they have met with mixed results. In addition, it is difficult, if not impos¬ sible in some instances, to incorporate the repellent with, for example, plastic material used to form underground cable because of incom¬ patibility problems or because of lack of stabil- ity after being incorporated into the plastic material used to form a covering for the cables.
Consequently, there continues to be a significant economic cost due to pest damage to articles such as buried cables, wires, plants, food products and the like. Rats, for example, continue to damage a great deal of packaged
stored food products, such as grains which are packaged in burlap bags.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A novel olfactory repellent composition, method of using the same, and articles impreg¬ nated with the same have now been found which repel feral and domesticated animals and other pests.
Briefly stated, the present invention comprises a stable olfactory repellent composi¬ tion effective for repelling feral and domesti¬ cated animals consisting essentially of microcap¬ sules comprising wormwood oil encapsulated by a material compatible with and impermeable to said oil but permeable to the vapors emitted by said oil.
The invention also comprises, as set forth more fully below, articles impregnated with or incorporating wormwood oil and the method of repelling animals comprising subjecting a surface from which the animals are to be repelled to the action of wormwood oil in an amount effective to repel.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION While the instant invention is broadly applicable to repelling feral animals, as well
as domestic animals, such as dogs, cats, and the like, and other pests, it will be described with particularity to rats and the items which they attack, such as wires, cables, and cloths. As to the repellent per se, it is wormwood oil. Wormwood oil is obtained from the dried leaves and flower tops of Artemisia absinthium L. , compositae. Such material is described in the Merck Index and it has been primarily used in the past as a flavoring in alcoholic beverages, such as vermouth and medically in the past as a bitter tonic and an anthelmintic. It has now been surprisingly found that this oil is an aversive stimulus to animals and other pests and will cause such pests to avoid an area, avoid digging in the area, and avoid items that they normally deem palatable. More¬ over, the wormwood oil causes avoidance behavior in most circumstances and under widely varying conditions.
Equally importantly, while wormwood oil is offensive to pests, it is not unpleasant with respect to human olfaction. Thus, it can be used in circumstances where humans would be exposed to the order of the product.
Another unexpected benefit of wormwood
_ — oil is that it is persistent in yielding the amount of vapor necessary to repel feral and domesticated animals. Equally importantly, wormwood is effective when mixed with latex carriers or other plastics, such as those used for coating metal wires and cabels for surface or subsurface use.
Further, the wormwood oil can be encapsu¬ lated by any of the conventional microencapsula- tion techniques to form microcapsules which can then be dispersed over an area, such as a garden, to give long-term repelling action. The composition of the shell material can be 90/50 grade polyvinyl alcohol, grade HWG car- rageenan, mixtures thereof, or equivalent encap¬ sulating material. The theoretical payload is 69.4% w/w and the range of capsule size is 250 to 850 microns in diameter. The vapor loss in ambient air for a six week period is only 2.6% at 78° F. to 82° F. and average rela¬ tive humidity of 60%. There is little reason to suspect that vapor loss would be significantly greater at higher temperatures. Not only is the wormwood oil compatible with such encapsu- lating material, but the vapors thereof are permeable with respect thereto and can be emitted
from the capsules. Thus, the oil itself can be encapsulated, applied to an area to be pro¬ tected as at the periphery of a vegetable plot or shrubs or the like or a storage facility for packaged food, and continue to emit its repellent odor for substantial periods of time.
It is believed that the wormwood oil would also act to protect domestic animals such as sheep and goats from attack from predators. It is known that such predators commonly and most usually kill goats and sheep by biting them in the neck and a number of articles are now proposed for use to be incorporated around the neck of such animals to protect them from attack. As set forth below, testing of the instant repellent composition against red foxes shows that it does repel the foxes and it is believed to repel such other feral animals, such as wolves and coyotes. By applying the repellent composition of the instant invention about the neck of domesticated animals, such as sheep or goats, or applying it to collars made of plastic and the like which are placed about the necks of such animals, it may act to prevent them from attack by feral predators.
As to amounts, depending upon the particular
circumstances and the size of area to be treated, it has been found that as little as <1 g to 125 g of wormwood oil is effective to give an olfactory scent that is repellent to feral and domesticated animals, such as foxes, rac¬ coons, opossums, gerbils, rats, dogs, cats, and the like. The particular amount for any given circumstance can be readily determined by routine experimentation. The wormwood oil is also capable of being ' incorporated into articles in order to make them repellent to pests. For example, it can be mixed with natural and synthetic latex mate¬ rials and other plastics used to make pipe or used to sheath underground cables and wires in amounts such as 10 percent by volume -and will effectively thereafter keep pests such as rats from attacking the wire or cable so coated. In addition, such materials can be impregnated with the wormwood oil and actively repel pests.
Impregnation, however, is more satisfactory with cloth, such as cotton cloths used to cover articles. The invention will be further described in connection with the examples which follow
which are set forth for purposes of illustration only.
EXAMPLE 1
In a series of repetitive tests, strips of cloth (a 1 cm x 5 cm) were each impregnated with <0.5 g of wormwood oil and placed in cages housing gerbils together with strips of untreated cloth. The impregnated cloth strips remained intact while the untreated cloth strips were virtually pulverized.
EXAMPLE 2
Pieces of electrical cable, each 15 cm in length and having a latex cover, had adsorbed on the latex cover of each <1 g of wormwood oil. Such treated pieces were placed in cages with laboratory rats together with untrated pieces of cable. The rats attacked and frayed the untreated pieces of cable and exposed the conducting wire while the treated cable pieces remained intact.
EXAMPLE 3
A series of tests were run using animals that were normally fed ALPO. Some of the animals were first maintained on a deprivation diet (68% of their normal ration) and others had food withheld for 24 hours. Both groups then
were given rations of ALPO which had been treated with 10 ml of wormwood oil or approximately 5 g of encapsulated wormwood oil. In all in¬ stances the animals did not ingest the treated ALPO.
EXAMPLE 4 In pens housing foxes, backfilled holes were created and the foxes with apparent insa¬ tiable curiosity would react vigorously when digging at these holes. However, these same foxes did not show any interest in digging at or exploring backfilled holes in which the dirt had been treated with 5 to 10 g of encap¬ sulated wormwood oil. EXAMPLE 5
Foxes, as well as other animals, were exposed to relative large excavations that were laced with 120 g of encapsulated wormwood oil. The animals avoid the same although they ordinarily are attracted to and actively explore such excavation.
While the invention has been described in connection with a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the particular form set forth, but, on the contrary, it is intended to cover
such alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A stable olfactory repellent compo¬ sition effective for repelling feral and domesti¬ cated animals consisting essentially of micro- capsules comprising wormwood oil encapsulated by a material compatible with and impermeable to said oil but permeable to the vapors emitted by said oil.
2. The composition of Claim 1 wherein the encapsulating material is 90/50 grade poly- vinyl alcohol, grade HWG carrageenan, or mixtures thereof.
3. The article having an aversive stimulus to a feral or domesticated animal consisting essentially of a fabricated object impregnated with or incorporating wormwood oil in an amount sufficient to repel said animal.
4. The article of Claim 3 wherein the fabricated object is selected from a coated metal wire or cable intended for surface or subsurface use.
5. The article of Claim 3 wherein the fabricated object is a cloth.
6. The article of Claim 3 wherein the wormwood oil is encapsulated by a material compatible with and impermeable to said oil but permeable to the vapors emitted by said oil.
7. A method for repelling a feral or domesticated animal comprising subjecting a surface or area from which said animal is to be repelled to the action of wormwood oil in' an amount effective to repel said animal there¬ from.
8. The method of Claim 6 wherein the wormwood oil is encapsulated by a material compatible with and impermeable to said oil but permeable to the vapors emitted by said oil.
9. A method for repelling a feral or domesticated animal from surface or subsurface coated wires or cables or plastic pipe comprising applying wormwood oil to said coated wires or cables or plastic pipe in an amount effective to repel said animal therefrom.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US60752584A | 1984-05-07 | 1984-05-07 | |
| US607525 | 1984-05-07 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU4351085A AU4351085A (en) | 1985-11-28 |
| AU568019B2 true AU568019B2 (en) | 1987-12-10 |
Family
ID=24432647
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU43510/85A Ceased AU568019B2 (en) | 1984-05-07 | 1985-05-06 | Stable olfactory repellent composition, resultant articles and method of repelling pests using said composition |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0179897A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS61502057A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU568019B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8506710A (en) |
| DK (1) | DK4386A (en) |
| FI (1) | FI76913C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO854863L (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1985005009A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PT84842B (en) * | 1986-05-08 | 1990-02-08 | R & C Produts Pty Limited | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING IPECACUANHA WHICH REPELL ANIMALS |
| GB2230445B (en) * | 1989-02-17 | 1993-10-27 | May & Baker Ltd | Package releasing its contents on contact with water |
| FR2715069B1 (en) * | 1994-01-20 | 1996-04-05 | Rene Laversanne | Method for improving the persistence of an odor. |
| DE19823298A1 (en) * | 1998-05-25 | 1999-12-02 | Josef Kaserer | Spray composition containing animal deterrent useful for engines |
| KR100425549B1 (en) * | 2001-06-14 | 2004-04-03 | 주식회사 마이크로폴 | Pad for fumigator using microcapsule and manufacturing method thereof |
| SE0301100D0 (en) | 2003-04-12 | 2003-04-12 | Organox Ab | Skadedjursrepellent |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US279852A (en) * | 1883-06-19 | Cordage to be used for bale bands or ties | ||
| US628681A (en) * | 1898-01-29 | 1899-07-11 | Charles Richard Valentine | Capsuling food extracts. |
| IL22741A (en) * | 1965-01-07 | 1969-01-29 | Tovim Y | Tissus impregnated with insect repellents |
| US3448586A (en) * | 1966-07-15 | 1969-06-10 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Protected buried material and method of protecting same |
| US3516941A (en) * | 1966-07-25 | 1970-06-23 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Microcapsules and process of making |
| US3434995A (en) * | 1966-11-14 | 1969-03-25 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Rodent repellent coating |
| US3567119A (en) * | 1969-10-06 | 1971-03-02 | Godfrey Wilbert | Enhanced diffusion of odor vapor from polymers |
-
1985
- 1985-05-06 JP JP60502174A patent/JPS61502057A/en active Pending
- 1985-05-06 WO PCT/US1985/000804 patent/WO1985005009A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1985-05-06 AU AU43510/85A patent/AU568019B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1985-05-06 BR BR8506710A patent/BR8506710A/en unknown
- 1985-05-06 EP EP19850902745 patent/EP0179897A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1985-08-30 FI FI853335A patent/FI76913C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-12-03 NO NO854863A patent/NO854863L/en unknown
-
1986
- 1986-01-06 DK DK4386A patent/DK4386A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI853335L (en) | 1985-11-08 |
| WO1985005009A1 (en) | 1985-11-21 |
| NO854863L (en) | 1985-12-03 |
| FI853335A0 (en) | 1985-08-30 |
| EP0179897A4 (en) | 1989-05-23 |
| DK4386D0 (en) | 1986-01-06 |
| EP0179897A1 (en) | 1986-05-07 |
| AU4351085A (en) | 1985-11-28 |
| DK4386A (en) | 1986-01-06 |
| FI76913B (en) | 1988-09-30 |
| FI76913C (en) | 1989-01-10 |
| BR8506710A (en) | 1986-09-23 |
| JPS61502057A (en) | 1986-09-18 |
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