AU3841497A - Intraocular irrigation/aspiration device - Google Patents

Description

INTRAOCULAR IRRIGATION / ASPIRATION DEVICE

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to intraocular irrigation/aspiration devices

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Occurrence of the disease known as cataracts, in which the lens of the eye becomes clouded, is common, and can lead to blindness It has become accepted practice to alleviate this condition by surgically removing the cataract-affected lens and replacing it by an artificial intraocular lens

The cataract-affected lens is usually removed by manual extraction or phaco- emulsification Manual extraction requires expression of the nucleus of the lens through a wound of about 12mm in length The residual peripheral lens material is then removed by an intraocular irrigation/aspiration device

The technique known as phaco-emulsification, as described, for example, in US Patent 3,589, 363, enables removal of the cataract-affected lens through a much smaller incision of about 2 5 - 4mm, for example, 3 2 mm This is accomplished using high frequency ultrasound energy, typically of 40 kHz frequency, that is transmitted by a phaco- emulsification needle to fragment or emulsify the nucleus of the cataract-affected lens Once fragmented or emulsified, the nuclear material is aspirated through a lumen of the phaco-emulsification needle

An improved phaco-emulsification needle is also described and claimed in International Patent Application No PCT/AU95/00558 in the name of the present applicant

After the nuclear material of the lens has been aspirated or emulsified by use of the phaco-emulsification needle and aspirated through a lumen thereof, there remains in the eye residual lens material which is derived from softer lens material which originally surrounded the nucleus

After treatment with the phaco-emulsification needle it is necessary to remove the residual lens material by means of an intraocular irrigation/aspiration device This device includes a tip which is inserted through the incision in the eye The tip includes a small opening at its distal end which opening is about 0 3mm in dimension A lumen leads from the opening through the device to an aspiration device Further, the device includes an outer sleeve which extends to a point adjacent to the tip to form an external conduit which is connected to a supply of fluid

There is no need to apply energy to the intraocular irrigation/aspiration device as the lens nucleus has already been fragmented or emulsified during phaco-emulsification The device is connected to an aspirator which applies suction to the lumen and hence to the opening at the tip In this way residual lens material is drawn through the opening and then along the lumen so as to remove the residual lens material from the interior of the eye Simultaneously, fluid is fed through the external conduit to the interior of the eye to replace the aspirated fluid and maintain the volume of fluid and pressure within the chamber of the eye

In operation of the intraocular irrigation/aspiration device, it is important to ensure that there is a balance between infusion and aspiration of fluids so as to maintain stable pressure and volume within the intraocular chambers This reduces the likelihood of inadvertent aspiration of structures such as the ins, or the delicate posterior capsule which divides the eye into anterior and posterior chambers The posterior capsule is liable to rupture if engaged by the aspiration port which may result in loss of the vitreous gel which fills the posterior chamber of the eye An intact capsule is also important to support a posterior chamber intraocular lens implant, and therefore inadvertent rupture of the posterior capsule is a serious complication which may result in an unsatisfactory technical result and a poor visual outcome from cataract surgery It has been found that the distal opening or port of the tip of the aspiration device sometimes becomes transiently blocked or occluded during aspiration such as by a relatively large piece of residual lens material This leads to a temporary increase in vacuum within the lumen which is relieved when the blocking material is eventually drawn through the opening with equalisation of pressure within the chamber of the eye and the aspiration device However, this equalisation of pressure can induce a surge of fluid along the lumen and a transient reduction in pressure and volume within the pressure of the eye or chamber instability It is important that adequate infusion of fluid is available to counteract the reduction in pressure and volume

An outer sleeve of the irrigation/aspiration device may be formed from rigid plastic or metal which resist deformation by the incision A rigid sleeve however, increases leakage from the wound reducing pressure within the eye, and the ability to maintain a stable chamber volume of fluid. A soft outer sleeve is better able to seal the incision and reduce wound leakage A tight sealed incision however, may compress a soft sleeve and reduce the flow and infusion of the irrigating fluid into the eye which is necessary to replace aspirated fluid and maintain a stable chamber with respect to pressure and volume

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides an intraocular irrigation/aspiration device in which the aspiration of fluid and lens material is regulated and the post occlusion surge phenomenon is reduced

In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is provided an intraocular irrigation/aspiration device including a hollow shaft having first and second ends, a tip at the first end of the shaft, said tip including an opening and a lumen extending from the opening to the second end of the shaft, wherein the lumen has a portion of reduced internal cross-sectional area over at least part of its length

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which - Figure 1 is perspective view of a first embodiment of intraocular irrigation/aspiration device according to the present invention,

Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1 with an outer sleeve shown in phantom,

Figure 3 is a longitudinal section through the device of Figures 1 and 2,

Figure 4 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of intraocular irrigation/aspiration device according to the present invention,

Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 4 with an outer sleeve shown in phantom,

Figure 6 is a longitudinal section through the device of Figures 4 and 5,

Figure 7 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of intraocular irrigation/aspiration device according to the present invention,

Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 7 with an outer sleeve shown in phantom,

Figure 9 is a longitudinal section through the device of Figures 7 and 8,

Figure 10 is a transverse section along the line 10- 10 of Figure 9,

Figure 1 1 is a side elevation of a modified form of device in accordance with the present invention including a bent distal portion; and

Figure 12 is a side elevation of a modified form of device in accordance with the present invention including a curved shaft

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In Figures 1 to 3, there is shown an intraocular irrigation/aspiration device 10 in accordance with the present invention

The device 10 includes a shaft 12 having a first or distal end 14 and a second or proximal end 16 The shaft 12 is hollow and includes a lumen 18 extending from the distal end 14 to the proximal end 16 At the distal end 14 there is provided a distal tip portion 20 which includes an opening 22 Adjacent the tip portion 20 there is provided a mid-region portion 24 of reduced external and internal dimension

The shaft 12 is typically formed of metal Extending around the shaft 12 is an annular external sleeve 26 The sleeve 26 is formed of any suitable material which may be elastomeric material or metal Elastomeric material is far more flexible than metal and is therefore preferred for most applications The sleeve 26 and the shaft 12 define an annular external passageway or conduit 28 extending between the first and second ends H and 16

The opening 22 is typically about 0 3mm in lateral dimension Further, the shaft 12 at the distal tip portion 20 is typically of the order of 0 6 to 1 0mm in internal cross sectional dimension such as about 0 8mm in internal cross sectional dimension The shaft 12 at the mid-region portion 24 is of lesser internal dimension than the distal portion and is typically of the order of 0 1 to 0 5mm in internal cross sectional dimension such as about 0 3 mm

Further, the shaft 12 at the tip portion 20 is typically of the order of 0 8 to 1 2mm in external cross sectional dimension such as about 1 00mm in external cross sectional dimension The mid-region portion 24 is typically about 0 4 to 0 8mm in external cross sectional dimension such as about 0 6mm The shaft 12 may have a wall thickness of about 0 1mm

The sleeve 26 may have an internal cross-sectional dimension of about 1 5 to 3 mm such as about 2mm In use, the device 10 is inserted through an incision in an eye such that the distal tip portion 20 is located within the eye and the wall of the eye is in engagement with the outer sleeve 26 at a point corresponding with the proximal portion 24 Fluid is infused into the eye through the annular passageway 28 and simultaneously fluid and residual lens material is aspirated through the opening 22 and the lumen 18 The presence of the mid-region portion 24 of the lumen 18 with reduced internal diameter means that if there is a temporary blockage or occlusion of the opening 22, which is then released suddenly, the surge of fluid along the lumen 18 is constrained by the reduced diameter of the proximal portion compared to the distal portion This reduces fluctuations in volume and pressure in the intraocular chambers of the eye

The narrower proximal lumen also increases the resistance to aspirational flow whilst maintaining the size of the aspiration port 22, at approximately 0 3mm The device therefore favourably regulates aspirational flow

Reducing the size of the aspiration port to less than 0.3mm would increase the resistance to aspiration flow, but would compromise the efficiency of removal of soft lens material as only smaller fragments could be engaged by the aspiration port Furthermore, simply reducing the size of the aspiration port to less than 0 3 mm would not diminish the post occlusion surge phenomena described previously

Further, as can be seen in Figure 3 especially the device 10 is connected to a handle 30 The handle 30 contains a first conduit 32 which is connected in use to an aspirator (not shown) and a second conduit 34 which is connected in use to a supply of fluid (not shown). The conduit 32 is connected to the lumen 18 and the conduit 34 is connected to the passageway 28. The handle 30 may be formed separately from the device 10 or it may be formed integrally therewith

Also, the reduced external cross-sectional dimension of the mid-region portion 24, especially in the case where the sleeve 26 is formed of elastomeric or other flexible material, enables a small incision in the eye to engage closely with the shaft 12 This reduces wound leakage, but also increases the infusion of fluid compared with a conventional intraocular irrigation/aspiration device The device also enhances the flow of infusion fluid necessary to compensate for fluctuations in chamber pressure and volume caused by aspiration The balance between infusion and aspiration is therefore enhanced which increases the stability of the chamber and improves the safety of the cataract procedure The irrigation/aspiration device therefore helps regulate aspirational flow, and reduces the post occlusion surge phenomena, but also improves the infusion of irrigating fluid available to respond to reductions in chamber volume and pressure

The balance between the outflow of fluid from the eye due to aspiration and wound leakage, and the inflow of fluid due to irrigation, is favourably influenced by the design of the irrigation/aspiration device resulting in a deeper more stable pressurised anterior chamber enhancing the safety of this phase of the cataract procedure

In Figures 4 to 6 there is shown a second embodiment of an intraocular lrπgation/aspiration device 40 in accordance with the present invention The embodiment of Figures 4 to 6 is similar to that of Figures 1 to 3 and like reference numerals denote like parts

Further, in the second embodiment the mid-region portion of lumen 18 is of reduced internal cross-sectional dimension compared to the distal portion as in the first embodiment However, the external cross-sectional dimension of the proximal portion 42 of the shaft 12 is substantially the same as the external cross-sectional dimension of the distal portion Thus, the shaft 12 has substantially the same external cross-sectional dimension throughout as best seen in Figure 6

In the second embodiment the advantage of reduction of surge of pressure after occlusion and the regulation of aspiration is still obtained as with the first embodiment but the ability to operate with a small incision in the eye with improved infusion of fluid compared with conventional devices is not achieved

In Figures 7 to 10 there is shown a third embodiment of an intraocular irrigation/aspiration device 50 in accordance with the present invention The embodiment of Figures 7 to 10 is similar to that of Figures 1 to 3 and like reference numerals denote like parts

In the third embodiment shown in Figures 7 to 10 a mid-region portion 52 of the shaft 12 has reduced internal and external cross-sectional dimensions as in Figures 1 to 3 However, the mid-region portion 52 also has a plurality of outwardly extending spaced external projections 54 as best seen in Figure 10 As shown, the projections 54 are preferably in the form of longitudinally extending ribs The projections 54 ensure that the sleeve 26 even when formed of elastomeric or other flexible material is not pushed firmly into engagement with the shaft 12 by the wall of the eye This ensures that there is always a clear path for infusion liquid to pass to the interior of the eye along the passageway 28

Further, as can be seen in Figure 7, the sleeve 26 may have at least one opening 56 adjacent a distal end thereof for escape of irrigating fluid Preferably, there are two opposed openings 56, one on either side, for this purpose Openings equivalent to the openings 56 may also be found in the first and second embodiments of the present invention described hereinabove

In Figure 1 1 , there is shown an intraocular irrigation/aspiration device 60 in accordance with the present invention (with the sleeve 26 absent for greater clarity) m which the distal portion 62 is bent compared to the remainder of the shaft 12, that is, the distal portion 62 is inclined at an angle to the remainder of the shaft 12 In the embodiments of Figures 1 to 10 the distal portion 20 is aligned with the remainder of the shaft 12

In Figure 12 there is shown an intraocular irrigation/aspiration device 70 in accordance with the present invention which includes a curved shaft 72 whereas in the embodiments of Figures 1 to 10 the shaft 12 is straight

The various components such as the shaft 12 and the annular sleeve 26 in the device of the present invention are preferably circular in shape in which case the cross-sectional dimensions referred to hereabove may be referred to as cross-sectional diameters However, it is to be understood that the various components of the device of the present invention may have other cross-sectional shapes

Modifications and variations such as would be apparent to a skilled addressee are deemed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. 1 An intraocular irrigation/aspiration device including a hollow shaft having distal and proximal ends, a tip at the distal end of the shaft, said tip including an opening and a lumen extending from the opening to the proximal end of the shaft, wherein the lumen has

   5 a portion of reduced internal cross-sectional area over at least part of its length

   2 An intraocular irrigation/aspiration device according to claim 1, characterised in that the hollow shaft includes a distal tip portion having the opening and a mid-region portion, the distal tip portion having a first internal cross-sectional area and the mid-

   10 region portion having a second internal cross-sectional area which is less than the first internal cross-sectional area

   3 An intraocular irrigation/aspiration device according to claim 2, characterised in that the distal tip portion has an internal cross-sectional dimension in the range from about

   15 0 6 to 1 00 mm

   4 An intraocular irrigation/aspiration device according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the mid-region portion has an internal cross-sectional dimension in the range from about 0 1 to 0 5mm

   20

   5 An intraocular irrigation/aspiration device according to any one of claims 2 to 4 characterised in that the mid-region portion has an external dimension smaller than the external dimension of the distal tip portion

   25 6 An intraocular irrigation/aspiration device according to Claim 5, characterised in that the distal tip portion has a cross-sectional dimension in the range from about 0 8 to 1 2mm

   7 An intraocular irrigation/aspiration device according to claim 5 or 6, characterised 30 in that the mid-regton portion has an external cross-sectional dimension in the range from about 0 4 to 0 8mm

   8 An intraocular irrigation/aspiration device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterised in that the mid-region portion is of substantially the same cross-sectional dimension as the distal tip portion

   9 An intraocular irrigation/aspiration device according to claim 8, characterised in that the distal tip portion and the mid-region portion have external cross-sectional dimensions in the range from about 0 8 to 1 2mm

   10 An intraocular irrigation/aspiration device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterised in that the mid-region portion has an external dimension smaller than the external dimension of the distal tip portion, and the mid-region portion has plurality of outwardly extending spaced external projections so as to ensure that there is a clear path for infusion liquid

   1 1 An intraoccular irrigation/aspiration device according to claim 10, characterised in that the projections are in the form of longitudinally extending ribs

   12 An intraocular irrigation/aspiration device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that an annular external sleeve extends around the shaft

   13 An intraocular irrigation/aspiration device according to claim 12, characterised in that the sleeve is flexible

   14 An intraocular irrigation/aspiration device according to claim 13, characterised in that the sleeve is formed of elastomeric material

   15 An intraocular irrigation/aspiration device according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterised in that the sleeve has at least one opening adjacent a distal end thereof for escape of irrigating fluid

   16 An intraocular irrigation/aspiration device according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterised in that the sleeve has an internal cross-sectional dimension in the range from about 1 5 to 3 0mm

   17 An intraocular irrigation/aspiration device according to any one of claims 12 to 16, characterised in that the sleeve together with the shaft defines an annular external passageway extending between the first and second ends of the shaft

   18 An intraocular irrigation/aspiration device according to claim 17, characterised in that the device is connected to a handle containing a first conduit arranged to be connected to an aspirator and a second conduit arranged to be connected to a supply of fluid, the first conduit being connected to the lumen and the second conduit being connected to the annular external passageway

   19 An intraocular irrigation/aspiration device according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the shaft is straight throughout