AU2021406469A1 - Device and method for grinding a profile - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device (1) for grinding a profile of a rail track intended for rail-bound vehicles using a grinding body. The support is arranged on the device (1) for translatory movement in a plane transverse to the profile by means of a guide (12) and can be applied against the profile by a contact element (13, 14) such that the support carrying the grinding body automatically aligns itself in the transverse plane in respect of the profile and in respect of the device (1). Furthermore, the support for the grinding body can be moved in a translatory oscillating manner parallel to a longitudinal axis of the profile during rotational movement, such that a profile section is worked by the grinding body multiple times and the grinding outcome is substantially improved by the translatory movement.

Description

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DEVICE AND METHOD FOR GRINDING A PROFILE

The invention relates to a mobile device which is designed, in

particular, as a rail-bound vehicle for grinding a profile with

a convex running surface and a side surface defining the profile,

in particular a rail track intended for rail-bound vehicles,

wherein the device is movable in a feed direction along the

profile and has at least one grinding body which can be driven

in a rotationally movable and/or oscillating manner about an

L0 axis of rotation and which is arranged on a support. The

invention further relates to a method for grinding the profile

in which at least one grinding body, which is arranged on a

support, is driven in a rotationally movable or oscillating

manner about an axis of rotation.

L5

DE 69 201 811 T2 has already disclosed a mobile device which is

designed as a rail-bound vehicle and which has a plurality of

grinding wheels for grinding a rail track with a convex running

surface and a defining side surface. The device is movable in

the feed direction along the rail track, while the grinding

wheels can be driven at the same time in a rotationally movable

manner about an axis of rotation. The grinding wheels have in

each case an inclined axis of rotation which does not intersect

the rail profile, the grinding wheels being arranged on a frame

of the rail-bound vehicle which is displaceable transversely to

the rail track and being guided by means of rollers which bear

against the rail track. The frame serves to displace the support

both in a transverse direction and perpendicular to the

longitudinal axis of the rail. The support has at least one

support roller which is arranged in the immediate vicinity of

the axis of the corresponding grinding wheel. These support

rollers are applied against the inner face of the rail head.

cSCH13104description8May2O23

DD 219 230 A5 describes a device for re-profiling a rail head,

wherein the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel is inclined

relative to the vertical and the horizontal plane. The grinding

wheel is guided vertically and laterally relative to the rail

on a grinding frame by means of grinding shoes or rollers. The

grinding wheel has a planar grinding surface which is post

machined by a pin serving for dressing the grinding wheel during

the grinding process. The convex rail head is thus only partially

machined, so that facets are generated thereby and the rail

L0 transverse profile is provided with a discontinuous path.

Inclined counter-rotating grinding wheels with offset axes which

do not intersect the profile are disclosed in DE 26 12 173 Al,

the grinding wheels being mounted on tool supports which are

L5 vertically and transversely displaceable by means of a tracking

system assigned to each rail. The grinding tools arranged on

each rail side act on the rail head upper face with the same

delivery movement, wherein the transverse displaceability of the

two frame parts relative to one another results in a centering

relative to each rail independently of one another.a

Moreover, a grinding device is disclosed in DE 32 27 343 Al in

which a tool support is arranged in a height-adjustable manner

below a chassis for each of the rails, the tool support guiding

a rotatable machining tool, in particular a cup grinding wheel,

in a defined manner via lateral rollers which run on the profile,

the axis of rotation of the machining tool intersecting the

profile of the rail.

In a rail-bound vehicle according to EP 2 791 422 B1, face

milling profiling wheels are arranged on a chassis on a machining

plate which is adjustable in terms of angle relative to the rail

in the vertical and transverse direction as a compound slide in

cSCH13104description8May2O23 a linear manner and additionally about the longitudinal and vertical axis, wherein measuring sensors sliding on the rail supply the reference variable for the adjustment. The tracking of the tool on the rail can take place, for example, by means of an articulated robot.

The device disclosed in US 4 583 893 A comprises a support

element which can be displaced in a linear manner relative to a

rail and which comprises a contoured milling cutter. A cutting

L0 depth reference guide for the tool bearing can be applied against

the upper face of the running surface of the rail and a lateral

cutting depth reference guide can be applied against the side

surface. The two cutting depth reference guides are rotatably

mounted about a common shaft and are arranged in the feed

L5 direction in front of the milling cutter.

Due to relatively high axle loads and high travel speeds rails

are often stressed up to the yield point of the rail material,

and thus are subjected to wear which has a negative effect on

the profile of the running surface of the rail head.

Due to ongoing wear, the running surfaces of railroad tracks do

not remain straight but form corrugations of different lengths

over time. These corrugations are removed by grinding the rails,

wherein corrugations of longer lengths cause certain problems

for the device.

To remove the ripples and corrugations produced on the running

surface of rail tracks during operation, which stimulates the

wheel sets of the vehicles to vibrate, disrupts the smooth

running of the vehicles, causes an excessive wear of the track

superstructure and the vehicles and can produce whistling

cSCH13104description8May2023 driving noises, it is necessary to grind the heads of the railroad tracks flat from time to time.

To this end, grinding devices are known, the grinding devices

having at least two cup wheels which are arranged one behind the

other in the longitudinal direction of the rail head and which

are applied against the running surface on the front face on

opposing sides of the rail head, and which have a grinding

profile corresponding to the running surface profile.

LO

To this end, for example, a method for machining railroad tracks

is known in which a plurality of rotating grinding wheels is

used, the grinding wheels being arranged adjacent to one another

and one behind the other, wherein some of the grinding wheels

L5 are inclined according to the original profile of the rail heads.

Only an approximation to the original profile of the rail heads

can be achieved by such a grinding method.

EP 0 315 704 B1 has already described a grinding machine for re

profiling rail heads with a grinding head which can be adjusted

by a lifting device, wherein the grinding heads can be lifted

and lowered successively and offset to one another.

An arrangement of grinding modules in a rail grinding machine

is disclosed in WO 00/58559 Al which takes into account the

radial offset in the case of narrow radii of curvature of the

rails without the presence of constraining forces and permits

the re-profiling of the rail in a simple manner. The grinding

tool has five degrees of freedom in which each grinding module

is mounted with a frame so as to be at least approximately

vertically adjustable and is mounted on the frame so as to be

at least approximately horizontally adjustable with a chassis.

cSCH13104description8May2023

So-called cup grinders are also known, the cup grinders being

brought into engagement on the front face with the rail surface

and preferably being set with a tilting angle relative to the

rail surface to be ground.

In so-called offset grinding, a front surface of the grinding

tool is also used for machining the rail but is contoured

according to the rail geometry. This is made possible by the

axis of rotation not running through the rail but with a lateral

L0 spacing thereto. The grinding zone is thus not located in front

of the axis of rotation in the direction of the feed movement

but transversely between the axis of rotation and the rail. In

order to achieve a sufficient removal capacity, a high

rotational speed and/or high pressing force is set. In practice,

L5 this leads to flying sparks and thus to the risk of fire.

EP 2 525 933 B1 relates to a device for material-removing post

machining of the running surface of a rail head with a frame

guided along the rail head. The machining tools are configured

as face milling cutters which can be driven so as to rotate in

opposing directions, the axes of rotation thereof running in a

common plane and the cutting regions thereof overlapping one

another transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail

head.

Further devices for grinding are described in the publications

US 4,583,895 Al, DE 32 27 343 Al, DE 28 01 110 Al and EP 1 918

458 Al.

Devices for grinding a rail with a grinding belt running parallel

to the rail longitudinal axis have already been disclosed in CH

670 667 A5, US 5,997,391 A, DE 41 19 525 Al and JP 2003-053655 A. During the grinding process, the grinding belt is pressed

cSCH13104description8May2023 against the rail to be ground by a profiled sliding shoe, a movable pressure shoe, or by a pressure element. Moreover, DE

20 2005 012 147 U also relates to a device for grinding a rail

with a contact roller which is shaped according to the rail head

and by which a grinding belt is pressed against the rail head.

A device for grinding a rail running surface with a grinding

belt aligned parallel to the rail longitudinal axis is also

disclosed in EP 0 444 242 Al, wherein a further belt which is

L0 configured as a pressure belt is arranged between the pressure

rollers and the grinding belt.

So-called sliding stones are also used for profile-grinding the

heads of railroad tracks. In this case grinding trains are used,

L5 grinding stones being arranged on the underside thereof and

being guided under pressure over the rail surfaces. Grinding by

sliding stones is based on an oscillating translatory movement

of the grinding body along the rail during the movement of the

vehicle. By contouring the grinding bodies, which during use

also substantially maintain their shape even with increasing

wear, in principle a good surface quality and dimensional

accuracy is achieved.

A drawback of the grinding method using sliding stones is that

after a short time the sliding stone is already adapted to the

worn profile of the rail surface, so that while a removal of

ripples and corrugations in the rail surface is achieved, it is

not possible to restore the original profile of the rail head.

In order to increase the travel speed which is achievable with

sliding stones, DE 21 32 220 A proposes to provide a grinding

means support which can be fastened to the grinding train and

which has individual guide channels which face toward the rail

cSCH13104description8May2O23 surface for a relatively coarse-grained grinding means with loose grit which is supplied through the channels under pressure to the rail surface and held there by the channel walls, wherein the lower defining edges of the guide channels have a spacing relative to the rail surface which is smaller than the grain size of the grinding means. As a result, only relatively small and short chips are formed, the chips being able to be removed in a simple manner. Heat build-up due to plaque formation and any risk of rupture are thus effectively avoided.

LO

To increase the machining speed, it is disclosed in DE 32 22 208

Al, for example, to use milling cutters, the cutting edges

thereof which are distributed in a plurality of axial groups

over the periphery of the cutter head replicating the rail head

L5 profile.

The arcuate cutting path of the individual cutting edges of the

milling cutter caused by such peripheral milling, however, leads

to a surface of the rail head which is corrugated in the rail

longitudinal direction, wherein the surface quality is impaired

with an increasing feed rate due to the increasing distance

between the material removal of successive cutting edges.

These drawbacks are remedied by face milling cutters, as

disclosed in US 4,583,893 A for example, the face milling cutters

being arranged on one side of the rail head and being used with

a complex guide which has a freely rotatably mounted guide wheel

and a plurality of guide rollers on the opposing rail side.

Similar drawbacks occur in a device according to EP 0 148 089

A2 in which the running surface is machined on both sides of the

longitudinal center by a milling head, which is configured as a

face milling cutter but has to be used with a correspondingly

cSCH13104description8May2023 inclined axis, since peripheral milling cutters for the longitudinal sides of the rail head have to be arranged upstream or downstream of this common milling head.

WO 02/06587 Al also describes a method for re-profiling at least

the convex part of the rail head cross-sectional profile of a

rail by peripheral milling, with more than five milling tracks

adjacent to one another in the longitudinal direction of the

rail.

L0

Further devices for material-removing post-machining, in

particular for milling rail heads laid in the track, are

described in the publications EP 0 952 255 B1, US 5,549,505 A,

EP 0 668 398 B1, EP 0 668 397 B1, US 4,275,499 A and DE 32 22

L5 208 C2.

Devices are also known in which the rail heads are machined with

a so-called rail planer. The publication DE 28 41 506 C2

discloses such a device in which the material-removing planer

blades machine the rail with a continuous feed movement. Flat

surfaces can be generated by means of the planer, the surfaces

having only negligible machining marks relative to milling. A

drawback with planing, primarily compared to the milling method,

is a relatively long machining time due to the repeated passes

required over the rail portion to be machined.

In order to obtain a flat surface, EP 2 177 664 Al proposes to

move the cutting edge along a straight path during the material

removing machining of the workpiece.

When machining a rail track by means of milling cutters, a

significant amount of material is removed but the surface

quality thus generated requires post-machining by finishing. In

cSCH13104description8May2023 contrast, a smaller amount of material is removed by the known grinding method than by milling. However, higher feed rates can be achieved during grinding, so that in practice due to the respective boundary conditions both milling and grinding methods are used.

Thus it is currently usual to machine the rails in one operation

with a milling cutter and to reduce the machining marks which

occur on the machined surface as a result of the milling, such

L0 as corrugations or track patterns, by grinding.

The object of the invention is to improve substantially the

removal capacity when grinding profiles, at the same time with

high demands for the surface quality and the dimensional

L5 accuracy of the profile thus machined.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a device

for grinding a rail track according to the features of claim 1.

The further embodiment of the invention can be found in the

dependent claims.

According to the invention, therefore, a device for grinding is

provided, in which the axis of rotation can be positioned to be

inclined with an orientation relative to the vertical plane

and/or relative to the horizontal plane, and the axis of rotation

does not run through the profile, and in which the support is

arranged in a transverse plane on the device, in particular, so

as to be movable in a translatory manner relative to the

transverse plane to the feed direction, and the support is

kinematically coupled to at least one contact element which can

be applied non-positively against the profile as lateral copying

and/or vertical copying, by which the support with the grinding

cSCH13104description8May2023 body is automatically aligned in the transverse plane relative to the profile and relative to the device.

The invention is based on the recognition that it is possible

to maintain exceptionally small tolerances when machining the

profiles by means of the mobile device designed as a rail-bound

vehicle, by the support of the grinding body being movable both

relative to the profile and relative to the mobile device and

being automatically aligned during use of the device. At the

L0 same time, the working result is achieved irrespective of wear

occurring on the grinding body, which thus does not have a

negative effect on the quality of the surface machining.

The automatic alignment could take place on the basis of

L5 contactless distance measurements. According to the invention,

the device is provided with a contact element, for example a

sliding element, such as a slide, or an arrangement with at

least one roller or a wheel. As a result of contact-based lateral

and/or vertical copying, the support of the grinding body is

moved in its guide in the transverse plane and thus adapted to

the grinding wheel wear. However, the contact element also

ensures a compensation of the displacement in the direction of

the outside of the curve, which occurs in practice due to the

forced guidance of the mobile device during cornering.

Such a forcibly guided lateral copying is preferably non

positively applied against the internal or medial side surface

facing the respective other rail track.

It has already been shown to be particularly expedient if the

support bears at the same time a paired arrangement of a

plurality of grinding bodies which are arranged in a common

transverse plane of the device, such that the grinding bodies

cSCH13104description8May2023 can be aligned together both relative to the parallel rail tracks and relative to one another. Since a separate contact element is assigned to each grinding body, it is also possible to compensate for inaccuracies of the profile along its main extent or deviations from the ideal parallel alignment of the rail tracks. To this end, the contact element is pretensioned with a predetermined, in particular adjustable, pretensioning force relative to the profile, in particular the rail track. As a result, the grinding bodies are spread apart from one another

L0 at the same time, so that in particular no additional abutment

is required for receiving the bearing force.

For the height adjustment, a further contact element which can

be designed as a roller is pretensioned from above against the

L5 running surface of the profile or the rail track, in order to

achieve in this manner an automatic adaptation in the vertical

direction. However, the contact element can also have two

bearing surfaces in order to permit the horizontal alignment

relative to the side surface and the vertical alignment relative

to the running surface at the same time with a single contact

element.

It has already been shown that the device thus equipped is

independent of the movement of the rail-bound vehicle during

operation, due to the vertical and horizontal guidance of the

supports and the grinding bodies connected thereto, so that for

the first time a working platform does not form the reference

for the adjustment of the tools, as in the prior art, but

directly the profile itself to be machined, which clearly leads

to substantially fewer errors.

It has been shown that the machining quality can be further

improved by an arrangement of the grinding bodies in a common

cSCH13104description8May2023 transverse plane of the device or the cross-sectional plane of the profile with the contact element assigned thereto. As a result, the position of the contact element as lateral copying is directly related to the center of rotation of the grinding body, which is designed in particular as a cup grinding wheel, so that no lateral offset occurs even in the case of cornering.

Rather, the contour of the grinding body always remains in

congruence with the profile.

L0 It is particularly preferred that the axis of rotation of the

grinding body is oriented with a lateral or medial offset in the

cross-sectional plane of the profile such that this axis of

rotation does not intersect the profile. A negative shape of the

profile is formed in the grinding body by a setting angle and

L5 an eccentric position of the cup grinding wheel. A contact

surface which is of variable length in terms of its contact

length is thus produced over the surface of the profile, which

is distributed over the rail transverse profile. Due to this

contact surface which is lengthened in the radius region of the

profile, the grinding tool is automatically stabilized in the

longitudinal direction which leads to an optimal flattening of

the surface, in particular the residual corrugations of the

profile.

It has also already been shown to be particularly expedient if

a plurality of grinding bodies are arranged on one respective

support one behind the other in the feed direction, wherein the

axes of rotation of the grinding bodies are not aligned in

parallel but inclined relative to one another. Different setting

angles of the grinding bodies generate different grinding

regions on the surface of the profile. The entire transverse

profile can be ground with two grinding bodies one behind the

other at different angles, by different grinding bodies being

cSCH13104description8May2023 used for machining different surface portions (tracks) with different inclination angles running parallel to one another in the direction of the main extent of the profile.

The grinding bodies can be operated in synchronism or counter rotating, so that the rotational direction of the grinding bodies is identical in the feed direction and counter to the feed direction. As a result, with the material removal during the grinding process, a tangential removal stream is produced L0 which always acts in the same direction irrespective of the direction of movement of the device by the rotating grinding body.

Since the rotational axes of the grinding bodies are not arranged L5 parallel to the cross-sectional plane of the profile to be machined, but are oriented so as to be inclined in the feed direction or counter thereto, the larger surface component of the contact surface between the grinding body and the profile is located in front of or behind the plane of the axis of rotation. In this manner, a trailing or leading machining relative to the feed direction is implemented in a simple manner relative to a cross-sectional plane of the profile.

In this case, a trailing or following arrangement for hobbing or surface milling can also be implemented for smoothing the residual corrugations.

Different positions of the grinding body are conceivable. With a central positioning of the grinding body, i.e. if the axis of rotation runs through the profile, in particular the central longitudinal axis thereof, straight facets are produced, which has already proved expedient when rough grinding. A combination of a plurality of grinding bodies can also be expediently used,

cSCH13104description8May2023 at least one axis of rotation thereof passing through the profile and at least one further axis of rotation having a lateral offset to the profile, wherein this is not oriented in a cutting manner.

With a combined used of the grinding bodies with at least one

milling cutter, the milled rail transverse profile can be

produced with a partial oversize so that an exact rail transverse

profile is produced after grinding. This occurs when, after the

milling process, the partial oversize protrudes in the region

L0 in which the grinding tool also corresponds in its normal

(pressing direction = greatest grinding removal).

When carrying out the grinding process, the grinding bodies bear

relative to the profile in a force-dependent manner, in

L5 particular with an adjustable or limitable pressing force or

pretensioning force. The control of the pressing force or

pretensioning force is carried out expediently by considering

the relevant parameters of the profile and the surrounding

conditions, wherein the detected torque of the grinding body and

the feed rate of the device can also be included.

In order to be able to compensate for a rapid and reliable

adaptation to different profiles, in particular rail tracks or

variable conditions of use, and associated therewith different

relative positions and orientations between the profile and the

device, the support or the axis of rotation can be adjusted in

a path-controlled manner.

In a further embodiment of the invention, which is also

particularly promising, for introducing a superimposed movement

during the rotating and/or oscillating movement, the support is

designed to be movable in a reversable translatory manner in a

plane parallel to the main extent of the profile or the rail

cSCH13104description8May2023 track. Since at least one of the grinding bodies, which is designed as a grinding wheel, is moved at the same time by a reversing translatory movement of the support provided with the grinding body in a plane parallel to the main extent of the rail track, during the rotating or oscillating movement to and fro along a specific circular path, the grinding means is repeatedly engaged in each rail portion. As a result, a rail portion is not only reached once by the grinding zone of the grinding body but passed over repeatedly by the grinding body and a corresponding

L0 high removal capacity is achieved. Surface qualities which are

comparable with a sliding stone method can be implemented,

wherein in particular corrugations in the rail surface can be

reliably eliminated.

L5 The shape of the rail track to be machined is not determined by

the geometry of the grinding body but by the setting angle

thereof, so that it does not lead to a deviation in size in the

context of a rotating or oscillating movement. A combination of

a plurality of grinding bodies known per se has already proved

expedient here.

It is particularly advantageous if the axis of rotation of at

least one grinding body encloses an acute angle with the

longitudinal axis of the profile. The reference shape of the

grinding process to be generated is accordingly achieved by a

plurality of grinding bodies, which together produce the desired

profile. The axes of rotation of different grinding bodies

enclose an acute angle relative to one another. Moreover, the

setting angle of at least one grinding body can be designed to

be adjustable, wherein preferably the angle of inclination of

the respective axis of rotation is also designed to be adjustable

during the operation of the device.

cSCH13104description8May2O23

Moreover, the setting angle can also be selected according to

the desired profile clearance, in order to be able to achieve

optimal grinding results even under spatially restricted

operating conditions.

According to a further particularly expedient embodiment of the

invention, if the axis of rotation of the grinding body encloses

an acute angle with the transverse plane of the rail track, a

rapid transport of the material removed from the machining zone

L0 is achieved in a simple manner, so that the removed material

cannot collect in the grinding gap.

Naturally, the grinding body has a rotationally symmetrical

shape. Particularly advantageous is a variant of the grinding

L5 body which has at least in some portions a concave shape of the

peripheral surface or the front surface, wherein the concave

grinding surface is adapted to the geometry of the profile of

the rail track.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the grinding body

and/or the support has at least one electrical and/or hydraulic

drive in order to provide the desired drive power and also to

undertake a rapid change in the speed of the support or the

grinding body by a deceleration or acceleration, and as a

function of the respective operating conditions. The drive can

be arranged centrally on the device or decentrally on the

support, wherein a plurality of grinding bodies can be supplied

with the required drive power by a common drive.

A further embodiment of the invention, which is also promising,

is also achieved by the rotational or oscillating movement of

the at least one grinding body, on the one hand, and the

translatory movement of the support, on the other hand, taking

cSCH13104description8May2O23 place in a synchronized manner by a kinematic coupling. As a result, the rotational or oscillating movement is adapted to the movement sequence of the support, which due to the reversing translatory movement is decelerated in a cyclical manner at the reversal points. The change associated therewith in the relative movement of the grinding body relative to the rail track is compensated by the kinematic coupling. A superimposition of a different drive power of the grinding body can thus also be implemented in a simple manner by a further drive power provided

L0 by means of the kinematic coupling. For example toothed racks,

connecting rods, coupling rods or the like can be used for the

power transmission. In practice, an additional speed component

of the rotation or oscillation of the grinding wheel rotation

is superimposed on the at least one grinding body, primarily in

L5 a direction of movement of the support opposing the direction

of travel. The lateral copying and the guide are pretensioned

relative to the profile by a pretensioning force, while the

grinding body, for example, can be lifted away on one side.

In a further particularly advantageous modification of the

invention, the drive power of the support is used as the sole

drive power for the rotation of the grinding tool, by using the

coupling.

In a further embodiment of the invention, which is also

particularly promising, the synchronized rotational or

oscillating movement of the at least one grinding body, on the

one hand, and the translatory movement of the support, on the

other hand, takes place by a hydraulic, pneumatic or

electromechanical coupling. The additional or sole drive power

for the at least one grinding body is produced by the cyclical

pressure increase or pressure reduction of the hydraulic or

pneumatic pressure of the drive of the support, which is

cSCH13104description8May2023 effective in the regions of the reversal points of the reversing movement. A distinction can also be made of the drive power provided in the rear and front reversal points. In this manner, for example, the relative speed of the grinding body which is moved in a rotational or oscillating manner, and also translatory manner, by means of the support relative to the rail track can be kept constant within predetermined limit values.

To this end, a pressure accumulator can also be provided in

order to be able to provide a drive power which is as uniform

L0 as possible.

The object according to the invention is also achieved by a

method for grinding a profile, in particular a rail track

intended for rail-bound vehicles, in which at least one grinding

L5 body which is arranged on a support is driven in a rotationally

movable or oscillating manner about an axis of rotation, in that

during the rotational or oscillating movement of at least one

grinding body, the support bearing the grinding body is driven

at least temporarily in a reversing translatory manner for

introducing a superimposed movement parallel to a longitudinal

axis of the profile. Thus a repeated engagement of the grinding

body takes place in each profile portion, in which the supports

are moved to and fro in the longitudinal direction of the rail

track, while the grinding body ensures the desired material

removal by its rotational or oscillating movement. The axis of

rotation of the grinding body is arranged, in particular, so as

to be inclined at an acute angle relative to the plane of the

surface portion to be machined and/or to the cross-sectional

plane of the rail track. As a result, due to the inclined

orientation of the axis of rotation of the grinding body, the

removed material is transported away medially or laterally from

the rail track and thus does not collect in an undesirable manner

in the region of the grinding gap. Preferably, the axis of

cSCH13104description8May2023 rotation is inclined such that the lateral axis portion is located in front of the medial axis portion relative to the rail track in the direction of travel. The medial side denotes the side facing the adjacent rail track and the lateral side denotes the side facing away from the adjacent rail track.

In comparison with the grinding methods known from the prior art

with rotating grinding tools, the rotational speed can thus be

reduced, whereby flying sparks are also significantly reduced

L0 during operation, while the relative speed can still be

increased between the rail surface of the rail track and the

grinding body.

Since the translatory movement of the grinding body follows a

L5 sinusoidal speed in the rail plane, the rotation is preferably

controlled such that the rotational speed of the grinding body

is increased in the region of the reversal points of the

translatory reversing movement of the support. In particular,

the rotational speed of the rotating movement of the grinding

body is adapted reciprocally to the translatory movement.

Since the translatory movement is additionally superimposed by

the traveling movement of the device along the rail, the

translatory speed is added with the movement in the direction

of travel and the translatory speed is subtracted with the

movement counter to the direction of travel. The absolute

translatory speed of the grinding body is not zero in the region

of the reversal points during operation. Rather, the speed of

the support between the reversal points in the direction of

travel is greater than counter to the direction of travel. To

compensate, the rotational speed is further reduced in the

direction of travel but increased counter to the direction of

travel.

cSCH13104description8May2023

A particularly practical development of the method according to

the invention is also achieved in that the rotational speed or

the frequency of the rotating or oscillating movement of at

least one grinding body in the region of the reversal points of

the translatory reversing movement is changed, in particular is

increased, relative to a region between the reversal points, in

order to compensate for the deceleration of the translatory

movement of the support correspondingly by an increase in the

L0 rotational or oscillating movement. In particular, the change

in the rotational speed or the frequency of the rotating or

oscillating movement is adjusted in a reciprocal manner to the

reversing translatory movement.

L5 In a mobile device, in particular designed as a rail-bound

vehicle, it has proved particularly expedient if the rotational

or the oscillating movement is adjusted to a lower rotational

speed or frequency in the direction of travel than counter to

the direction of travel. This compensates for the intrinsic

movement of the mobile device along the rail track which is

superimposed on the translatory movement of the support and,

depending on the movement phase of the support, accordingly

increased or reduced by this amount. In addition to this

fundamental difference in the rotational or oscillating movement

in the direction of travel and counter to the direction of

travel, naturally the deceleration and acceleration occurring

in the region of the reversal points of the reversing movement

of the support can be compensated in this manner.

In a particularly simple variant of the method, the rotational

or oscillating movement of the at least one grinding body, on

the one hand, and the translatory movement of the support, on

cSCH13104description8May2023 the other hand, can be introduced kinematically coupled together in order to keep the control effort low.

In order to achieve an acceleration of the rotational or

oscillating movement of the grinding body, with a deceleration

of the support, the support can also be connected to an energy

storage device, for example a pressure vessel, which is filled

in the region of the maximum speed of the support. In the region

of the reversal points of the movement of the support, the stored

L0 energy can be taken and used to increase the rotational speed

or frequency of the grinding bodies.

It has also proved particularly expedient if the grinding body

is brought into contact with the surface of the rail track with

L5 a grinding surface on the peripheral side or front face, in

order to be able to machine a large portion of the rail head by

a corresponding contouring of the grinding body, and to ensure

a high machining accuracy. An offset grinding method is

preferably used in combination with milling.

The invention permits various embodiments. For further

clarification of its main principle, one embodiment thereof is

shown in the drawing and is described hereinafter. This drawing

shows in a schematic view, in

fig. 1 a cross section through a profile and a grinding body

arranged inclined at an angle of 350;

fig. 2 a further view of the profile with a grinding body

arranged inclined at an angle of 50;

cSCH13104description8May2023 fig. 3 a front view of a support according to the invention of a device according to the invention with the grinding body shown in figure 1; fig. 4 a front view of the support with a grinding body arranged inclined at an angle of 50; fig. 5 a front view of the support during the adjustment of the position and orientation;

LO

fig. 6 a side view of the support during the adjustment of

the position and orientation;

fig. 7 an enlarged cross section through the profile

L5 according to figure 1;

fig. 8 two grinding bodies with axes of rotation inclined

toward one another in a front view.

A device 1 designed as a rail-bound vehicle for grinding a

profile 2 which is designed as a rail track, in particular for

grinding a running surface 3 by means of a grinding body 4, is

explained in more detail hereinafter with reference to a

schematic view in figures 1 to 8. The device 1 which is shown

in this variant is designed specifically for machining rail

tracks which run parallel, as profiles 2 to be ground.

For improved understanding of the invention, parallel rail

tracks and the grinding bodies 4 which are assigned thereto and

arranged mirror symmetrically and which are arranged together

on the device 1, are shown in figure 3 by way of indication, as

is explained hereinafter in further detail.

cSCH13104description8May2023

For the grinding process of the profile 2, the grinding bodies

4 are provided with a grinding surface 5 on the front face, with

bonded grain and a geometrically undefined cutting edge. As can

be identified, in particular, in figures 1 and 2, different

inclination angles a; B between 50 and 90° of an axis of rotation

6 of the grinding bodies 4 can be provided relative to a central

longitudinal plane 7 of the profile 2.

L0 An essential aspect of the invention is that the axis of rotation

6, as can be identified, is not only arranged inclined relative

to the vertical and the horizontal but is additionally oriented

eccentrically with an offset, such that the axis of rotation 6

of the grinding body 4 does not intersect the profile 2. Thus

L5 only a circular sector or a circular segment with a center angle

of less than 1800 is in contact with the profile 2. In contrast

to a centered orientation of the axis of rotation 6 directed

toward the profile 2, a concave grinding surface 5 of the

grinding body 4 can be implemented in the radial direction

relative to the axis of rotation 6. This concave shape 8 can be

already introduced into the grinding body 4 in the production

process, which in use is optimally adapted to the profile 2, so

that the occurring wear cannot lead to an undesired shape

deviation.

It should be emphasized that, due to this offset or eccentric

positioning and the orientation inclined at the angle a, B of

the axis of rotation 6 of the grinding body 4, not only is an

optimal concave shape obtained for the first time but also the

width b, B of the surface portion to be machined by the grinding

body 4 and running in the cross sectional plane of the profile

2 is substantially larger than is possible by the tools known

from the prior art and the resulting facets. Rather, it has been

cSCH13104description8May2023 already shown that an optimal surface machining of the profile

2 according to the invention requires no more than two grinding

bodies 4 arranged one behind the other in the feed direction,

and in some cases even only a single grinding body 4 is required,

as indicated in figure 1 in combination with figure 7.

In practice, the grinding surface 5 engages sufficiently far

around the convex surface portion 9 between the running surface

3 and an inner side surface 10, which defines the profile 2

L0 medially, that it permits a machining quality regarding

dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy which was previously

unachievable.

Each of the grinding bodies 4 is arranged on a support 11 which,

L5 to compensate for wear, permits an axial delivery of the grinding

body 4 parallel to the axis of rotation 6 relative to the profile

2 and also an adjustment of desired inclination angle a, B which

is optimal for the respective conditions of use.

The support 11 in turn is movable by means of a guide 12 in a

translatory manner relative thereto in a plane parallel to the

cross-sectional plane of the profile 2 or in the transverse

plane to the feed direction of the device 1. As a result, during

operation it is possible to maintain a constant position of the

grinding body 4 which is always optimal relative to the profile

2, even when the device as a mobile rail-bound vehicle is in

turn subjected to a movement relative to the profile 2, as is

the case in principle with cornering. In such cases, the support

11 is moved to the side, wherein two supports 11 arranged in a

common transverse plane are kinematically coupled together for

the common adjustment of the respective grinding body 4, and

thereby carry out a common movement.

cSCH13104description8May2023

The control of this lateral medial movement or lateral movement

of the supports 11 is achieved by the support 11 being connected

to at least one contact element 13, which can be applied non

positively against the profile 2, the support 11 being

automatically aligned thereby with the grinding body 4 in the

transverse plane relative to the profile 2 and relative to the

device 1. To this end, the contact element 13, which is provided

as a slide with a sliding surface, can be applied against the

side surface 10 of the profile 2, while for detecting the height

L0 a further contact element 14 which is designed as a roller is

supported from above against the running surface 3 so that the

two contact elements 13, 14 together form a reference for the

alignment of the grinding body 4, and the support 11 is

automatically aligned relative to the profile 2 and relative to

L5 the device 1 due to an adjustable pretensioning force F in the

transverse plane.

As shown by way of indication in figure 8, a plurality of, for

example also different, grinding bodies 4 with differently

inclined axes of rotation 6 can be arranged one behind the other

on one respective support 11 in the feed direction of the device

1, wherein the axes of rotation 6 of the grinding bodies 4

enclose an acute angle p. The grinding bodies 4 permit the

machining of different surface portions 9 of the convex or planar

surface as parallel tracks.

According to the invention, a superimposed reversing movement

of the grinding body 4, which can be driven in a rotationally

movable or oscillating manner about its axis of rotation 6, with

its grinding surface 5 can be implemented when grinding the

profile 2. The support 11 of the grinding body 4 is designed to

be movable in a reversing translatory manner for introducing a

superimposed movement during the rotating or oscillating

cSCH13104description8May2023 movement of the grinding body 4 parallel to the central longitudinal plane 7 of the profile 2. Due to this translatory movement of the grinding body 4 superimposed on the rotational movement, the grinding body repeatedly reaches each surface portion of the profile 2 even when the vehicle bearing the device follows the path of the profile 2 at its own usual speed. As a result, a rail portion is not only reached once by the grinding surface 5 of the grinding body 4 but can be passed over repeatedly thereby so that very good surface qualities can be

L0 produced. The axes of rotation 6, which are inclined at the

angle p to one another, ensure that the removed material is

transported out of the grinding gap and cannot accumulate

therein. Due to the efficient machining and the high level of

material removed, the rotational speed can be reduced and flying

L5 sparks can also be reduced thereby, in addition to the wear,

while at the same time the relative speed is increased between

the surface of the profile 2 and the grinding body 4.

Since the translatory movement of the support 11 between its

reversal points follows a sinusoidal speed curve, and is

additionally superimposed by the intrinsic movement of the

vehicle, the rotation preferably can also be controlled such

that the rotational speed of the grinding body 4 is increased

in the region of the reversal points of the reversing movement.

In particular, the rotational speed of the rotating movement is

reciprocally adapted to the translatory movement. Since the

translatory movement is also superimposed by the intrinsic

movement of the vehicle along the profile 2, the translatory

speed is added with the movement in the direction of travel and

the translatory speed is subtracted with the movement counter

to the direction of travel, so that the rotational speed of the

grinding body 4 is also adjusted as a function of the leading

or trailing phase.

cSCH13104description8May2023

List of Reference Signs

1 Device

2 Profile

3 Running surface 4 Grinding body

5 Grinding surface

6 Axis of rotation

L0 7 Central longitudinal plane

8 Shape

9 Surface portions

10 Side surface

L5 11 Support

12 Guide

13 Contact element

14 Contact element

b, B Width

a', @, p Angle

F Pre-tensioning force

cSCH13104description8May2023

Claims (1)

1. THE CLAIMS DEFINING THE INVENTION ARE AS FOLLOWS:

   1. A mobile device (1) which is designed, in particular, as a

   rail-bound vehicle for grinding a profile (2) with a running

   surface (3) and a side surface (10) defining the profile (2),

   wherein the device (1) has at least one profiled grinding body

   (4) which can be driven in a rotationally movable and/or

   oscillating manner about an axis of rotation (6), which is

   arranged on a support (11) and which in particular is concave

   at least in some portions, wherein the axis of rotation (6) can

   be positioned so as to be inclined with an orientation (angle

   a, B) relative to the vertical plane and/or relative to the

   horizontal plane, and wherein the support (11) is arranged on

   the device (1), in particular, so as to be movable in a

   translatory manner in a transverse plane relative to the profile

   (2) and/or in a transverse plane relative to the feed direction

   by means of a guide (12), and wherein the support (11) is coupled

   to at least one contact element (13, 14) which can be applied

   against the profile (2) in the region of a contact surface of

   the profile (2), the support (11) with the grinding body (4)

   being automatically aligned thereby in the transverse plane

   relative to the profile (2) and relative to the device (1),

   characterized in that the axis of rotation (6) of the grinding

   body (4), with a transverse axis relative to the longitudinal

   axis of the profile (2), spans a plane which intersects at least

   one contact surface of the at least one contact element (13, 14)

   on the profile (2).

   2. The device (1) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that

   the plane of the axis of rotation (6) of the grinding body (4)

   is located parallel to the cross sectional plane of the profile

   (2).

   cSCH13104claims8May2O23

   3. The device (1) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that

   the plane of the axis of rotation (6) of the grinding body (4)

   encloses an acute angle with the cross-sectional plane of the

   profile (2), so that the axis of rotation (6) of the grinding

   body (4) has a trailing or leading orientation relative to a

   feed direction of the device relative to the profile (2).

   4. The device (1) as claimed in at least one of the preceding

   claims, characterized in that at least one contact element (13,

   14) and at least one axis of rotation (6) are kinematically

   coupled such that, during the grinding process, the relative

   orientation of the axis of rotation (6) is constant relative to

   the profile (2), with a change in the relative orientation of

   the axis of rotation (6) relative to the contact element (13,

   14).

   5. The device (1) as claimed in at least one of the preceding

   claims, characterized in that the axis of rotation (6) is movable

   about a virtual pivot axis for adjusting different orientations

   (angle a, B) of the axis of rotation (6) relative to the vertical

   plane and/or relative to the horizontal plane, the instantaneous

   center of rotation being located on the side of the running

   surface (3) and/or side surface (10) to be machined of the

   profile (2) facing away from the grinding body (4).

   6. The device (1) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized

   in that a plurality of grinding bodies (4) are movable relative

   to one another on a common support (11) in the same cross

   sectional plane of the profile (2) and the support (11) is

   designed to be movable relative to the device (1) in the

   transverse plane for delivery relative to the side surface (10)

   and/or the running surface (3).

   cSCH13104claims8May2023

   7. The device (1) as claimed in at least one of the preceding

   claims, characterized in that the support (11) is automatically

   aligned due to an adjustable pretensioning force (F) in the

   transverse plane relative to the profile (2) and relative to the

   device (1).

   8. The device (1) as claimed in at least one of the preceding

   claims, characterized in that the grinding body (4) can be

   pretensioned in a force-controlled manner relative to the

   profile (2).

   9. The device (1) as claimed in at least one of the preceding

   claims, characterized in that the axis of rotation (6) of the

   grinding body (4) is oriented with a lateral offset in the cross

   sectional plane of the profile (2) such that the axis of rotation

   (6) does not intersect the profile (2).

   10. The device (1) as claimed in at least one of the preceding

   claims, characterized in that a plurality of grinding bodies (4)

   are arranged one behind the other on one respective support (11)

   in the feed direction, wherein the axes of rotation (6) of the

   grinding bodies (4) are oriented inclined to one another (angle

   T) and in that at least one contact element (13, 14) is assigned

   to each grinding body (4).

   11. The device (1) as claimed in at least one of the preceding

   claims, characterized in that in its cross-sectional plane the

   profile (2) has a convex or planar surface divided into a

   plurality of surface portions (9) to be machined, and in that

   different grinding bodies are arranged with different

   inclination angles (a, B) of the respective axes of rotation (6)

   for machining different surface portions (9) and/or are provided

   cSCH13104claims8May2023 with different grinding bodies (4), wherein at least individual grinding bodies have a concave contouring.

   12. The device (1) as claimed in at least one of the preceding

   claims, characterized in that the orientation of at least

   individual axes of rotation (6) for the trailing or leading

   machining is inclined relative to a cross-sectional plane of the

   profile (2) relative to the feed direction.

   13. The device (1) as claimed in at least one of the preceding

   claims, characterized in that at least individual grinding

   bodies (4) have, in particular, a concave machining surface on

   the front face, with a cutting edge which is geometrically

   undefined.

   14. The device (1) as claimed in at least one of the preceding

   claims, characterized in that by means of a control the pressing

   force of the grinding body (4) is adjustable relative to the

   profile (2) as a function of the torque acting on the axis of

   rotation (6) and/or the feed rate of the device (1).

   15. The device (1) as claimed in at least one of the preceding

   claims, characterized in that during the rotating and/or

   oscillating movement of the grinding body (4) the support (11)

   is designed to be movable in a reversible translatory manner in

   a plane parallel to a main extent of the profile (2).

   16. The device (1) as claimed in at least one of the preceding

   claims, characterized in that the axis of rotation (6) of at

   least one grinding body (4) encloses an acute angle (p) with the

   longitudinal axis of the profile (2).

   cSCH13104claims8May2023

   17. The device (1) as claimed in at least one of the preceding

   claims, characterized in that the grinding body (4) and/or the

   support (11) can be driven in a rotational or translatory manner

   by at least one electrical and/or hydraulic drive of the device

   (1).

   18. The device (1) as claimed in at least one of the preceding

   claims, characterized in that the rotational or oscillating

   movement of the at least one grinding body (4), on the one hand,

   and the translatory movement of the support (11), on the other

   hand, are synchronized by a kinematic coupling.

   19. A method for grinding a profile (2), in particular a rail

   track intended for rail-bound vehicles, in which at least one

   profiled grinding body (4) arranged on a support (11) is driven

   in a rotationally movable and/or oscillating manner about an

   axis of rotation (6), characterized in that the grinding body

   (4) is applied in a force-controlled manner against the profile

   (2) with, in particular, an adjustable pretensioning force,

   wherein at least one contact element (13, 14) is aligned as an

   abutment with the grinding body (4), in a common plane of the

   flux of force of the reaction forces which act when the profile

   (2) is ground.

   20. The method as claimed in claim 19, characterized in that

   the orientation (angle a, B) of the axis of rotation (6) relative

   to the vertical plane and/or relative to the horizontal plane

   of the axis of rotation (6) of the grinding body (4) is changed

   during the machining of the profile (2).

   21. The method as claimed in claim 19 or 20, characterized in

   that the grinding process of the profile (2) is carried out in

   the same direction or opposing direction.

   cSCH13104claims8May2023

   22. The method as claimed in at least one of claims 19 to 21,

   characterized in that during the rotational or oscillating movement of at least one grinding body (4) the support (11) is driven at least temporarily in a reversing translatory manner for introducing a superimposed movement in a plane parallel to a longitudinal axis of the profile (2).

   23. The method as claimed in at least one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that the rotational speed and/or the frequency of the rotating or oscillating movement of at least one grinding body (4) in the region of the reversal points of the translatory reversing movement of the support (11) is changed, in particular is increased.

   24. The method as claimed in at least one of claims 19 to 23, characterized in that at least one grinding body (4) is driven in synchronism at a lower rotational speed or frequency in the direction of travel than counter to the direction of travel or at least one counter-rotating grinding body (4) is driven at a higher rotational speed or frequency in the direction of travel than counter to the direction of travel.

   25. The method as claimed in at least one of claims 19 to 24, characterized in that the rotational or oscillating movement of the at least one grinding body (4), on the one hand, and the translatory movement of the support (11), on the other hand, are introduced kinematically coupled together.

   26. The method as claimed in at least one of claims 19 to 25, characterized in that material is initially removed on the profile (2) by milling at least in a sub-region of the transverse profile of the profile (2), wherein the removal is carried out

   cSCH13104claims8May2023 up to an oversize, relative to a reference size, and then the oversize is at least partially removed by grinding.

   27. The method as claimed in at least one of claims 19 to 26,

   characterized in that the pretensioning force (F) is adjusted

   on the basis of the detected measured values of the rotational

   speed, the feed rate, the pressing force and/or the torque of

   the grinding body (4).

   cSCH13104claims8May2023