AU2019229364B2 - Word processor - Google Patents

Abstract

#$%^&*AU2019229364B220250904.pdf##### Abstract WORD PROCESSOR Disclosed is a method of providing writing guidance for a piece of writing. The method comprises obtaining at least one document and extracting at least one portion of the at least one document into one or more knowledge groups. The one or more knowledge groups are aggregated into a structure for a piece of writing. Abstract 2019229364 11 Sep 2019 WORD PROCESSOR Disclosed is a method of providing writing guidance for a piece of writing. The method comprises obtaining at least one document and extracting at least one portion of the at least one document into one or more knowledge groups. The one or more knowledge groups are aggregated into a structure for a piece of writing. AH25(22800013_5):CHF 3/17 22799614_2 Obtain external document(s) Extract portions of external document(s) into knowledge group(s) Display structure of an essay Aggregate knowledge group(s) into the structure Create knowledge group(s) FIG. 2 Start End 202 204 206 208 210 200 20 19 22 93 64 1 1 Se p 20 19 3/17 2019229364 11 Sep 2019 200 Start 202 Obtain external document(s) 204 Create knowledge group(s) Extract portions of external 206 document(s) into knowledge group(s) 208 Display structure of an essay Aggregate knowledge group(s) into 210 the structure End FIG. 2 22799614_2

Description

3/17 11 Sep 2019 2019229364 11 Sep 2019

3/17

200 200

Start 2019229364

Start

202 202 Obtain external document(s) Obtain external document(s)

204 204 Create knowledgegroup(s) Create knowledge group(s)

Extract portionsofofexternal Extract portions external 206 206 document(s) into knowledge document(s) into knowledge group(s) group(s)

208 208 Display structureofofananessay Display structure essay

Aggregateknowledge Aggregate knowledge group(s) group(s) into into 210 210 the structure the structure

End End

FIG. 2 FIG. 2

22799614_2 22799614_2

1 2019229364 11 Sep 2019

WORD PROCESSOR WORD PROCESSOR

TechnicalField Technical Field

[0001] The The

[0001] present present invention invention relates relates generally generally to a to a word word processor. processor.

Background Background

[0002] Writing

[0002] Writing is an is an essential essential day-to-day day-to-day dutyduty to both to both individuals individuals and and business. business. In particular, In particular, whenwhen

composinga piece composing a piece of of writingsuch writing such as as an an essay, essay, a report, a report, a research a research paper paper or like or the the like on aon a particular particular topic, topic,

it isisoften it oftennecessary necessary to to read read and reviewaalarge and review largenumber numberof of documents documents to which to which the topic the topic is related is related in order in order

to identify useful information/materials. to identify useful information/materials.

[0003] Conventional

[0003] Conventional word word processors processors function function to users to allow allow to users readtoand read and Some write. write.word Some word processors processors

havefeatures have featuresfor for taking taking notes noteswhile whilereading. reading.However, However, note note taking taking is remote is remote fromfrom effective effective reading reading and and structured writing. For writers who lack experience in researching and writing, it is difficult to effectively structured writing. For writers who lack experience in researching and writing, it is difficult to effectively

identify useful identify useful and relevant information and relevant information from fromaacollection collection of of sources. sources.

[0004] Moreover,

[0004] Moreover, a well-framed a well-framed piece piece of writing of writing requires requires the writers the writers to possess to possess high of a highalevel level of analysis analysis

and writing and writing skills. skills. Existing Existingword word processors donot processors do notprovide provideassistance assistance to to less less experienced experienced writers writers in in relation to relation to compiling compiling information obtainedfrom information obtained froma acollection collectionofofsources sourcestotoformulate formulatea apiece piece of of writing. writing.

[0005] Therefore,

[0005] Therefore, need exists a exists a need for a for word processor worda processor that assists that assists in affording in affording readingreading and writing and writing

guidancetotowriters. guidance writers.

Summary Summary

[0006] It is

[0006] It isananobject objectofofthe thepresent present invention invention to to substantiallyovercome substantially overcome or least or at at least ameliorate ameliorate one one or or moreofofthe more the above abovedisadvantages. disadvantages.

[0007] Disclosed

[0007] Disclosed is anis arrangement an arrangement for a for word processor worda processor that users that guides guidesinusers in crafting crafting a piece aofpiece of writing, e.g., writing, e.g.,an anarticle, article,a paper, a asummary, a paper, summary, a note, or a note, or any other types any other types of of writing. writing. The Theword wordprocessor processor enablesthe enables theuser usertotoopen openupup oneone or or more more external external documents documents (e.g., (e.g., documents documents downloaded online, or online, downloaded or stored locally) stored locally) and displays the and displays the opened openeddocuments documents in a inuser a user interface. interface. WhenWhen reading reading through through the the opened opened documents,thethe documents, user user maymay findfind oneone or more or more portions portions to contain to contain a specific a specific piecepiece of relevant of relevant information information and and wish to wish to save savethese theseportions portionsfor forlater later use. use. To Toachieve achievethis, this, the the user userinterface interface isis configured configured toto create create knowledgegroups knowledge groups forfor saving saving therein therein a selection a selection of of portions portions of of thethe opened opened documents. documents. When When the userthe user activates aa writing activates writing panel panel within within the the word processor,the word processor, thecreated createdknowledge knowledge groups groups are aggregated are aggregated into a into a structure for structure for aa piece piece of of writing. writing.The The aggregated knowledge aggregated knowledge groups groups provide provide a starting a starting point point fromfrom wherewhere the the user may user maycraft craftaa piece pieceofofwriting. writing.

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[0008] Preferably,

[0008] Preferably, eacheach knowledge knowledge group relates group relates to a single to a single piece piece of of information information or knowledge. or knowledge. For For example,when example, whenthethe user user is is writingonon writing a topicregarding a topic regarding electricalvehicles, electrical vehicles,one one knowledge knowledge groupgroup can can relate to relate to information information regarding whenelectric regarding when electricvehicles vehicleswere wereinvented. invented.

[0009] The The

[0009] useknowledge use of of knowledge groupsgroups therefore therefore enables enables the user the user tosave to easily easily save relevant relevant information information and and use the saved information to craft a piece of writing on a particular topic. use the saved information to craft a piece of writing on a particular topic.

[0010] SomeSome

[0010] aspects aspects of theof the present present disclosure disclosure are intended are intended to provide to provide reading reading guidance guidance to the to the user. user.

[0011] According

[0011] According to aspect to one one aspect of theofpresent the present disclosure, disclosure, there there is provided is provided a method a method of providing of providing

writing guidance writing for aa piece guidance for piece ofof writing, writing, the the method comprising: method comprising:

obtaining at obtaining at least least one document; one document;

extracting extracting at at least least one portion of one portion of the the at at least leastone one document intoone document into oneorormore more knowledge knowledge groups; groups;

displaying a structure for the piece of writing; and displaying a structure for the piece of writing; and

aggregatingthe aggregating theone oneorormore more knowledge knowledge groups groups intostructure. into the the structure.

[0012] According

[0012] According to another to another aspect aspect of theofpresent the present disclosure, disclosure, there there is provided is provided a computer a computer readablereadable

mediumstoring medium storinga acomputer computer program program for providing for providing writing writing guidance guidance for piece for piece of writing, of writing, the computer the computer

programcomprising program comprising instructions instructions for: for:

obtaining at obtaining at least least one document; one document;

extracting extracting at at least least one portion of one portion of the the at at least leastone one document intoone document into oneorormore more knowledge knowledge groups; groups;

displaying a structure for the piece of writing; and displaying a structure for the piece of writing; and

aggregatingthe aggregating theone oneorormore more knowledge knowledge groups groups intostructure. into the the structure.

Brief Descriptionofofthe Brief Description theDrawings Drawings

[0013] Preferred

[0013] Preferred embodiments embodiments of the of the present present invention invention willbe now will now be described, described, byexample by way of way ofonly, example only, with reference with reference toto the the accompanying accompanying drawings, drawings, in which: in which:

[0014] Figs.

[0014] Figs.1A1Aand and1B1Bform formaa schematic schematicblock block diagram diagram of of aa general-purpose general-purpose computer computer system system upon upon

which aa word which wordprocessor processor described described hereinafter hereinafter can can be practiced; be practiced;

[0015] Fig.Fig.

[0015] 2 is 2 is a flowdiagram a flow diagram of aofmethod a method performed performed by the by theprocessor word word processor of Figs.of 1AFigs. 1A and 1B; and 1B;

[0016] Fig.Fig.

[0016] 3 is 3 is a diagram a diagram illustratingananexample illustrating example implementation implementation of theofword the processor word processor of1AFigs. of Figs. and 1A and 1B; 1B;

[0017] Fig.Fig.

[0017] 4 is 4 is a diagram a diagram illustratinga astep illustrating stepofofgenerating generating a knowledge a knowledge groupgroup of theofmethod the method of Fig.of2;Fig. 2;

[0018] Fig.Fig.

[0018] 5 is 5 is a diagram a diagram illustratingananexample illustrating example knowledge knowledge group group of Fig.of4;Fig. 4;

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[0019] Fig.Fig.

[0019] 6 is 6 is a diagram a diagram illustratingthe illustrating theknowledge knowledge group group of Fig. of Fig. 5 into 5 into which which a selection a selection of a of a portion portion

of an of an external documentis isextracted; external document extracted;

[0020] Fig.Fig.

[0020] 7 is 7 is a diagram a diagram illustratinganother illustrating another example example knowledge knowledge group group of Fig.of4;Fig. 4;

[0021] Fig.Fig.

[0021] 8 is 8 is a diagram a diagram illustratingtwo illustrating twodifferent differentcategories categoriesof ofknowledge knowledge groups groups of Fig. of Fig. 4; 4;

[0022] Fig.Fig.

[0022] 9 is 9 is a diagram a diagram illustrationa asearch illustration search panel panel of the of the word word processor processor of Figs. of Figs. and 1A 1B; 1A and 1B;

[0023] Fig.Fig.

[0023] 10 10 is diagram is a a diagram illustratinganan illustrating example example search search result result generated generated by theby the search search panel panel of Fig. of Fig. 9; 9;

[0024] Fig.Fig.

[0024] 11 11 is diagram is a a diagram illustratinganother illustrating another example example search search resultresult generated generated by the by the search search panel panel of of Fig. 9; Fig. 9;

[0025] Fig.Fig.

[0025] 12 12 is diagram is a a diagram illustratinga library illustrating a librarypanel panelofofthe theword wordprocessor processor of Figs. of Figs. and and 1A 1A 1B; 1B;

[0026] Fig.Fig.

[0026] 13 13 is diagram is a a diagram illustratinga note illustrating a note taking taking area area of of thethe librarypanel library panelofofFig. Fig.12; 12;

[0027] Fig.Fig.

[0027] 14 14 is diagram is a a diagram illustratingan an illustrating example example note note generated generated in theinnote the taking note taking area area of of 13; Fig. Fig. 13;

[0028] Fig.Fig.

[0028] 15 15 is diagram is a a diagram illustratinga collapsible illustrating a collapsiblearea area of of a a knowledge knowledge group; group;

[0029] Fig.Fig.

[0029] 16 16 is diagram is a a diagram illustratinga note illustrating a note associated associated withwith the the knowledge knowledge group group of15. of Fig. Fig. 15.

Detailed Description Detailed Description

[0030] Where

[0030] Where reference reference is made is made in any in any one or one moreor of more of the accompanying the accompanying drawings todrawings to steps steps and/or and/or features, which features, whichhave havethe thesame same reference reference numerals, numerals, thosethose steps steps and/orand/or features features have have for the for the purposes purposes of of this description this description the the same function(s)oror operation(s), same function(s) operation(s), unless unlessthe thecontrary contraryintention intentionappears. appears.

Computer Description Computer Description

[0031] Figs.

[0031] Figs. 1A and 1A and 1B depict 1B depict a general-purpose a general-purpose computer computer system system 100, upon 100, whichupon which the various the various arrangements described arrangements described can can be practiced. be practiced.

[0032] As seen

[0032] As seen in Fig. in Fig. the the 1A, 1A, computer computer systemsystem 100 includes: 100 includes: a computer a computer module module 101; input 101; input devices devices such asaa keyboard such as keyboard 102, 102, a mouse a mouse pointer pointer device device 103, 103, a a scanner scanner 126, a 126, a camera camera 127, and 127, a and a microphone180; microphone 180; andand output output devices devices including including a printer a printer 115,115, a display a display device device 114loudspeakers 114 and and loudspeakers 117. 117. An external An external Modulator-Demodulator Modulator-Demodulator (Modem) (Modem) transceiver transceiver device device 116 may 116 maybybetheused be used by the computer computer

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module101101forforcommunicating module communicating to and to and from from a communications a communications network network 120 via a120 via a connection connection 121. The 121. The communications network communications network 120 be 120 may may be a wide-area a wide-area network network (WAN), (WAN), such such as the as the aInternet, Internet, cellulara cellular

telecommunications telecommunications network, network, or aorprivate a private WAN. WAN. Where Where the connection the connection 121 is a 121 is a telephone telephone line, the line, the modem modem 116116 may may be a be a traditional traditional "dial-up" "dial-up" modem. modem. Alternatively, Alternatively, where where the connection the connection 121 is a121 highis a high capacity (e.g., capacity (e.g.,cable) connection, cable) the modem connection, 116116 the modem maymay be be a broadband modem. a broadband modem. AA wireless wirelessmodem may modem may

also be also be used usedfor for wireless wirelessconnection connectionto tothethecommunications communications network network 120. 120.

[0033] The The

[0033] computer computer modulemodule 101 typically 101 typically includes includes atone at least least one processor processor unit 105,unit and105, and a memory a memory unit 106. unit 106.For Forexample, example,the memory the memoryunit unit106 may 106 mayhave havesemiconductor semiconductorrandom random access access memory (RAM) memory (RAM)

and semiconductor and read only semiconductor read only memory (ROM). The memory (ROM). Thecomputer computer module module 101101 alsoincludes also includesaa number numberofof input/output (I/O) input/output (1/0) interfaces interfaces including: including: an an audio-video interface 107 audio-video interface 107that that couples couplestotothe thevideo videodisplay display114, 114, loudspeakers117117 loudspeakers andand microphone microphone 180; 180; an I/Oan 1/O interface interface 113couples 113 that that couples to the to the keyboard keyboard 102, 102, mouse103, mouse 103,scanner scanner 126,126, camera camera 127optionally 127 and and optionally a joystick a joystick or other or other human human interface interface device (not device (not

illustrated); and illustrated); andan an interface interface 108 108 for for the the external external modem modem 116116 andand printer printer 115. 115. In some In some implementations, implementations,

the modem the modem 116116 may may be incorporated be incorporated withinwithin the computer the computer module module 101, for 101, for within example examplethewithin the interface 108. interface 108. The Thecomputer computer module module 101 has 101 also alsoa has a local local network network interface interface 111, permits 111, which which permits couplingcoupling

of the of the computer system computer system 100100 viavia a connection a connection 123a to 123 to a local-area local-area communications communications network network 122, 122, known as known as Local Area a Local a AreaNetwork Network (LAN). (LAN). As illustrated As illustrated in in Fig.1A,1A,thethe Fig. localcommunications local communications network network 122 122 may may also also couple to couple to the the wide widenetwork network120120 viavia a connection a connection 124,124, which which wouldwould typically typically include include a so-called a so-called "firewall" "firewall"

device or device or device deviceofof similar similar functionality. functionality. The local network The local networkinterface interface111 111may may comprise comprise an Ethernet an Ethernet circuit circuit

card, aa Bluetooth card, Bluetooth© wirelessarrangement wireless arrangement or anorIEEE an IEEE 802.11802.11 wireless wireless arrangement; arrangement; however, however, numerous numerous other types other types of of interfaces interfaces may maybebepracticed practicedforforthe theinterface interface111. 111.

[0034] The The

[0034] I/O 1/O interfaces interfaces 108 108 andmay and 113 113afford may afford either either or bothorofboth of serial serial and parallel and parallel connectivity, connectivity, the the former typically former typically being implemented being implemented according according to the to the Universal Universal Serial Serial Bus Bus (USB)(USB) standards standards and and having having correspondingUSBUSB corresponding connectors connectors (not (not illustrated). illustrated). Storage Storage devices devices 109provided 109 are are provided and typically and typically includeinclude a a hard disk hard disk drive drive (HDD) (HDD)110. 110.Other Other storage storage devices devices such such as a floppy as a floppy disk drive disk drive and a and a magnetic magnetic tape tape drive drive (not illustrated) (not illustrated)may may also also be be used. Anoptical used. An opticaldisk diskdrive drive112 112isistypically typically provided provided toto act act as as aa non-volatile non-volatile source of source of data. data.Portable Portablememory memory devices, devices,such suchoptical opticaldisks (e.g., disks CD-ROM, (e.g., DVD, CD-ROM, Blu-ray DVD, Blu-ray Disc USB DiscTM), USB-

RAM,portable, RAM, portable,external externalhard harddrives, drives,andand floppy floppy disks,forforexample, disks, example, maymay be used be used as appropriate as appropriate sources sources

of data of data to to the the system 100. system 100.

[0035] TheThe

[0035] components components 105 105 to to 113113 of of thethecomputer computermodule module101101typically typically communicate communicatevia via an an interconnectedbus interconnected bus104104 andand in ain manner a manner that that results results in ainconventional mode mode a conventional of operation of operation of theofcomputer the computer system100 system 100known known to those to those in the in the relevant relevant art.ForFor art. example, example, the processor the processor 105 is105 is coupled coupled to the to the system system

bus 104 bus 104using usinga aconnection connection 118. 118. Likewise, Likewise, the the memory memory 106optical 106 and and optical disk 112 disk drive driveare112 are coupled coupled to the to the systembus system bus104104 by by connections connections 119. 119. Examples Examples of computers of computers on whichon which the the described described arrangements arrangements can can be practised be practised include includeIBM-PC's IBM-PC'sandand compatibles, compatibles, Sun Sparcstations, Sun Sparcstations, Apple Apple Mac or MacTM or lke like computer computer systems. systems.

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[0036] TheThe

[0036] method method of of Fig.22 may Fig. maybebeimplemented implementedusing usingthe the computer computersystem system100 100wherein whereinthe the processesofofFigs. processes Figs.22and and9,9,totobebedescribed, described,maymay be implemented be implemented as oneas orone moreorsoftware more software application application

programs133133 programs executable executable within within the the computer computer system system 100. In100. In particular, particular, the steps the steps of the of the method method of Fig. of 2 Fig. 2 are effected are effected by by instructions instructions 131 131 (see (seeFig. Fig. 1B) 1B)inin the the software software133 133that thatare arecarried outwithin carriedout thecomputer withinthe computer system100. system 100.TheThe software software instructions instructions 131 131 may may be formed be formed as one as or one more or more code code each modules, modules, for each for performingone performing oneorormore more particulartasks. particular tasks.TheThe software software may be may also also be divided divided intoseparate into two two separate parts, parts, in in whichaa first which first part partand and the the corresponding code corresponding code modules modules performs performs the methods the methods described described and a and a second second part and part the corresponding and the correspondingcode code modules modules manage manage a user a user interface interface betweenbetween the firstthe first part andpart theand the user. user.

[0037] The The

[0037] software software may may be be stored stored in a computer in a computer readablereadable medium, the medium, including including storagethe storage devices devices describedbelow, described below,for forexample. example.TheThe software software is loaded is loaded into into the the computer computer systemsystem 100 100 from thefrom the computer computer

readable medium, readable and then medium, and then executed executed by by the the computer computer system system 100. 100. A computer readable A computer readable medium having medium having

such software such softwareororcomputer computer program program recorded recorded on theoncomputer the computer readablereadable medium ismedium is a program a computer computer program product. The product. Theuseuseofofthethecomputer computer program program product product in theincomputer the computer system system 100 preferably 100 preferably effects effects an an advantageous advantageous apparatus apparatus for for processing processing word.word.

[0038] The The

[0038] software software 133typically 133 is is typically stored stored in the in the 110 or110 HDD HDD theor the memory memory 106. The 106. The is software software loaded is loaded into the into the computer system100100 computer system from from a computer a computer readable readable medium, medium, and executed and executed by the by the computer computer system100. system 100.Thus, Thus, forfor example, example, the the software software 133 bemay 133 may be stored stored on an optically on an optically readable readable disk storage disk storage

medium(e.g., medium (e.g.,CD-ROM) CD-ROM) 125 is 125 that thatread is read byoptical by the the optical disk disk drive drive 112. 112. A computer A computer readable readable medium medium having such having suchsoftware softwareor orcomputer computer program program recorded recorded on it on is ait computer is a computer programprogram product.product. The The use of theuse of the computerprogram computer program product product in the in the computer computer system system 100 preferably 100 preferably effectseffects an apparatus an apparatus for processing for processing

word. word.

[0039] In some

[0039] In some instances, instances, the application the application programs programs 133 may133 may be supplied be supplied to the to the user useronencoded encoded one on one or more or CD-ROMs more CD-ROMs 125read 125 and andvia read thevia the corresponding corresponding drive drive 112, or 112, or alternatively alternatively may by may be read be the read by the user from user from the the networks networks120120 or or 122. 122. Stillfurther, Still further,the thesoftware softwarecan canalso alsobe be loaded loaded intointo thethe computer computer

system100 system 100from from other other computer computer readable readable media. media. Computer Computer readable readable storage storage media media refers refers to any non-to any non transitory tangible transitory tangible storage mediumthat storage medium thatprovides provides recorded recorded instructions instructions and/or and/or datadata to the to the computer computer

system100 system 100forforexecution executionand/or and/or processing. processing. Examples Examples of suchofstorage such storage media floppy media include floppy disks, includedisks, magnetictape, magnetic tape,CD-ROM, CD-ROM,DVD, DVD, Blu-rayM Disc,T M Blu-ray Disc, disk a hard a hard disk adrive, drive, ROM ora ROM or integrated integrated circuit, circuit, USB USB memory,a magneto-optical memory, a magneto-optical disk, disk, or aorcomputer a computer readable readable card as card such such as a PCMCIA a PCMCIA cardlike, card and the and the like, whetherorornot whether notsuch suchdevices devices areare internalororexternal internal externalofofthe thecomputer computer module module 101. 101. Examples Examples of transitory of transitory

or non-tangible or computer non-tangible computer readable readable transmission transmission mediamedia thatalso that may mayparticipate also participate in theinprovision the provision of of software, application software, application programs, programs,instructions instructionsand/or and/ordata data to to thecomputer the computer module module 101 include 101 include radio radio or or infra-red transmission infra-red channelsasaswell transmission channels wellasasa anetwork network connection connection to another to another computer computer or networked or networked

device, and device, and the theInternet Internet or or Intranets Intranets including including e-mail e-mail transmissions transmissionsandand information information recorded recorded on Websites on Websites

and the like. and the like.

[0040] The The

[0040] second second parttheofapplication part of the application programs programs 133 and133 the and the corresponding corresponding code code modules modules mentionedabove mentioned above may may be executed be executed to implement to implement one or one more or more graphical graphical user interfaces user interfaces (GUIs) to (GUls) be to be

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renderedororotherwise rendered otherwiserepresented represented uponupon the display the display 114. 114. Through Through manipulation manipulation of typically of typically the the keyboard102102andand keyboard thethe mouse mouse 103, 103, a user a user ofcomputer of the the computer system system 100 and 100 and the application the application may may manipulatethe manipulate theinterface interfaceinin aa functionally functionally adaptable adaptablemanner manner to provide to provide controlling controlling commands commands and/orand/or input input to the to the applications applications associated withthe associated with the GUI(s). GUI(s).Other Other forms forms of functionally of functionally adaptable adaptable useruser interfaces interfaces may may also be also be implemented, implemented, such such as audio as an an audio interface interface utilizing utilizing speech speech prompts prompts output output via via the the loudspeakers117117 loudspeakers andand useruser voice voice commands commands input input via thevia the microphone microphone 180. 180.

[0041] Fig.Fig.

[0041] 1B aisdetailed 1B is a detailed schematic schematic block block diagram diagram of theofprocessor the processor 105 and105 and a "memory" a "memory" 134. The 134. The memory memory 134134 represents represents a logical a logical aggregation aggregation of all of all the the memory memory modules modules (including (including the HDDthe 109HDD and 109 and semiconductormemory semiconductor memory 106) 106) that that canaccessed can be be accessed by the computer by the computer module module 101 in Fig.101 1A.in Fig. 1A.

[0042] WhenWhen

[0042] the computer the computer module module 101 is initially 101 is initially powered powered up, a power-on up, a power-on self-test self-test (POST) (POST) program150150executes. program executes. The The POST POST programprogram 150 is typically 150 is typically stored stored in a ROMin149 a ROM of the149 of the semiconductor semiconductor

memory memory 106106 of of Fig.1A.1A.A hardware Fig. A hardware device device such such as the as ROMthe 149ROM 149software storing storing software is sometimes is sometimes referred referred to as to as firmware. firmware.The ThePOST program 150 POST program 150 examines examineshardware hardwarewithin within the the computer module 101 computer module 101 to to ensure ensure proper functioning proper functioning and andtypically typically checks checksthe theprocessor processor 105, 105, thethe memory memory 134 (109, 134 (109, 106),a and 106), and basic basica input- input output systems output systemssoftware software (BIOS) (BIOS) module module 151, typically 151, also also typically stored stored in the in the ROMfor ROM 149, 149, for correct correct operation. operation.

Oncethe Once thePOST POST program program 150run 150 has hassuccessfully, run successfully, the151 the BIOS BIOS 151 activates activates the hard the diskhard disk drive 110drive of 110 of Fig. 1A. Fig. Activation of 1A. Activation of the the hard hard disk disk drive drive 110 110causes causesa bootstrap a bootstrap loader loader program program 152 is 152 that thatresident is resident on on the hard the hard disk disk drive drive 110 110 toto execute executevia viathe theprocessor processor 105. 105. ThisThis loads loads an operating an operating system system 153the 153 into into the RAMmemory RAM memory 106, 106, upon upon which which theoperating the operating system system153 153commences commences operation.TheThe operation. operating operating

system153 system 153is isa asystem system levelapplication, level application,executable executable by by the the processor processor 105, 105, to fulfilvarious to fulfil various high high level level

functions, including functions, processor including management, processor management,memory memory management, device management, management, device management,storage storage management, management, software software application application interface, interface, and and generic generic user user interface. interface.

[0043] TheThe

[0043] operatingsystem operating system153 153manages manages thethe memory memory 134 134 (109, (109, 106) 106) to to ensurethat ensure thateach eachprocess process or or application running application running ononthe thecomputer computer module module 101 sufficient 101 has has sufficient memory memory in which in which to execute to execute without without

colliding with colliding with memory allocatedtotoanother memory allocated anotherprocess. process. Furthermore, Furthermore, the different the different types types of memory of memory available available

in the in the system 100ofofFig. system 100 Fig. 1A1Amust mustbe be used used properly properly so that so that each each process process caneffectively. can run run effectively. Accordingly, Accordingly,

the aggregated the aggregatedmemory memory 134notis intended 134 is not intended to illustrate to illustrate how how particular particular segments segments of memory of memory are allocated are allocated

(unless otherwise (unless otherwisestated), stated), but but rather rather to to provide provide aa general generalview viewofofthe thememory memory accessible accessible by computer by the the computer system100 system 100andand howhow suchsuch is used. is used.

[0044] As shown

[0044] As shown in Fig. in Fig. the processor 1B, processor 1B, the 105 includes 105 includes a number a number of functional of functional modules modules including including a a control unit control unit 139, 139, an an arithmetic arithmetic logic logic unit unit (ALU) 140, and (ALU) 140, and aalocal local or or internal internal memory 148, memory 148, sometimes sometimes called called

cachememory. a cache a memory.The The cachecache memorymemory 148 typically 148 typically includesincludes number a numberaof storageofregisters storage registers 144 - 146 144 in a - 146 in a register section. register Oneorormore section. One moreinternal internalbusses busses 141141 functionally functionally interconnect interconnect these these functional functional modules. modules.

Theprocessor The processor105105 typicallyalso typically alsohashas one one or or more more 142 142 interfaces interfaces for communicating for communicating with external with external devicesdevices

via the via the system bus104, system bus 104,using usinga connection a connection 118.118. The memory The memory 134 is coupled 134 is coupled to the to the bus 104 bus using104 a using a connection119. connection 119.

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[0045] The The

[0045] application application program program 133 includes 133 includes a sequence a sequence of instructions of instructions 131 that 131 may that may include include conditional branch conditional branchand andloop loopinstructions. instructions.TheThe program program 133 also 133 may mayinclude also include data data 132 132iswhich which used is in used in execution ofof the execution the program program133. 133. TheThe instructions instructions 131 131 and data and the the data 132stored 132 are are stored in memory in memory

locations 128, locations 128, 129, 129,130 130and and135, 135, 136, 136, 137, 137, respectively. respectively. Depending Depending upon upon the the relative relative size size of theof the instructions 131 instructions andthe 131 and thememory memory locations locations 128-130, 128-130, a particular a particular instruction instruction may may be stored be stored in a single in a single

memory memory locationas as location depicted depicted by by the the instruction instruction shown shown in the in the memory memory location location 130. Alternately, 130. Alternately, an an instruction may instruction besegmented may be segmentedintointo a number a number of parts of parts each each of which of which is stored is stored in a separate in a separate memorymemory

location, as location, as depicted by the depicted by the instruction instruction segments shown segments shown in the in the memory memory locations locations 128129. 128 and and 129.

[0046] In general,

[0046] In general, thethe processor processor 105given 105 is is given setinstructions a seta of of instructions which which are executed are executed therein. therein. The The processor105 processor 105waits waitsfor fora asubsequent subsequent input, input, to to which which thethe processor processor 105 reacts 105 reacts to by to by executing executing another another

set of set of instructions. instructions. Each input may Each input maybebeprovided provided from from one one or more or more of a of a number number of sources, of sources, including including data data generatedbybyone generated one or or more more of the of the input input devices devices 102,102, 103,103, datadata received received from from an external an external sourcesource across across one of one of the the networks networks120, 120,102, 102,data data retrievedfrom retrieved from oneone of the of the storage storage devices devices 106, 106, 109 109 or or retrieved data data retrieved from aa storage from storagemedium medium125 125 inserted inserted into into the the corresponding corresponding readerreader 112,depicted 112, all all depicted in 1A. in Fig. Fig.The 1A. The execution ofof aa set execution set of of the the instructions instructions may in some may in somecases cases result result in inoutput outputofofdata. data.Execution may may Execution also also

involve storing involve storing data or variables data or variables to to the the memory 134. memory 134.

[0047] The The

[0047] arrangements arrangements described described hereinafter hereinafter usevariables use input input variables 154,arewhich 154, which areinstored stored the in the memory memory 134134 in corresponding in corresponding memory memory locations locations 155,157. 155, 156, 156, The157. The arrangements arrangements described described hereinafter hereinafter produceoutput produce outputvariables variables161, 161,which which areare stored stored in the in the memory memory 134 in134 in corresponding corresponding memory memory locations 162, locations 162, 163, 163,164. 164.Intermediate Intermediate variables variables 158158 may may be stored be stored in memory in memory locations locations 159, 159, 160, 166160, 166 and 167. and 167.

[0048] Referring

[0048] Referring to the to the processor processor 105Fig. 105 of of Fig. the registers 1B, registers 1B, the 144, 144, 145, 145, 146,arithmetic 146, the the arithmetic logic logic unit unit (ALU)140, (ALU) 140,and andthe thecontrol controlunit unit139 139work work together together to to perform perform sequences sequences of micro-operations of micro-operations needed needed to to perform "fetch, perform "fetch, decode, decode,and andexecute" execute" cycles cycles forfor every every instruction instruction in in theinstruction the instructionset setmaking makingup up thethe

program133. program 133.EachEach fetch, fetch, decode, decode, and execute and execute cycle cycle comprises: comprises: fetch operation, a fetch aoperation, which fetches which fetches or or reads ananinstruction reads instruction 131 131 from froma amemory memory location location 128,128, 129, 129, 130; 130; a decode a decode operation operation in which in which the control the control

unit 139 unit determineswhich 139 determines whichinstruction instructionhashas been been fetched; fetched; and and an execute an execute operation operation in which in which the control the control

unit 139 unit and/or the 139 and/or the ALU ALU140140 execute execute the the instruction. instruction.

[0049] Thereafter,

[0049] Thereafter, a further a further fetch, fetch, decode, decode, and and execute execute cycle cycle fornext for the the next instruction instruction may may be be executed. executed.

Similarly, aa store Similarly, store cycle cycle may be performed may be performedby by which which the the control control unitunit 139139 stores stores or writes or writes a value a value to ato a memory memory location132. location 132.

[0050] EachEach

[0050] step step or sub-process or sub-process in theinprocesses the processes of Fig.of2 Fig. 2 is associated is associated with with one or one more or more segments segments of of the program the program133133 and and is is performed performed by the by the register register section section 144,144, 145, 145, 147, 147, the 140, the ALU ALUand 140,theand the control control

unit 139 unit in the 139 in the processor 105working processor 105 workingtogether together to to perform perform the the fetch, fetch, decode, decode, and and execute execute cyclescycles for every for every

instruction ininthe instruction the instruction instructionset setfor thethenoted for notedsegments of the segments of program133. the program 133.

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[0051]The The

[0051] arrangements arrangements described described hereinafter hereinafter may alternatively may alternatively be implemented be implemented in an electronic in an electronic

device including device including embedded embedded components components such such as as graphic graphic processors, processors, digital processors, digital signal signal processors, or one oror one or moremicroprocessors more microprocessorsand and associated associated memories. memories. The electronic The electronic device device may be amay bephone, smart a smart phone, a tablet a tablet device or the like. device or the like.

Word Processor Word Processor

[0052] Fig.

[0052] Fig.22 shows showsaamethod method200 200performed performedbybya aword wordprocessor. processor. The Themethod method200 200can canbebe implemented as implemented as one one or or more computer programs more computer programs 133, 133, which which can can be be executed executed by by the the computer computer system system

100. In 100. In the the example example ofofFig.2, Fig.2, aa user userofofthe the word wordprocessor processor is is a a student student whowho needs needs to write to write an essay an essay on a on a particular topic. particular topic.However, the described However, the describedarrangements arrangements can can be used be used to craft to craft any piece any piece of writing. of writing.

[0053] Fig.Fig.

[0053] 3 shows 3 shows an example an example implementation implementation of the of the word word processor processor 300. 300. In the In theofexample example Fig.3,of Fig.3, the word the wordprocessor processor 300 300 hashas some some basicbasic user user interface interface elements elements such assuch as buttons, icons, icons, buttons, scrollbars, scrollbars, menu menu items, tabs, items, tabs, and input fields. and input fields. Through manipulationofofthe Through manipulation theinput inputdevices devices102, 102, 103, 103, 126, 126, 127,127, and and 180 180 of of the computer the computersystem system 100,100, the the useruser is able is able to to configure configure the the word word processor processor 300 300 as as appropriate appropriate to perform to perform

various different various different functions. functions. ItItwill willbebeappreciated appreciatedthat thatthe theword word processor 300may processor 300 maybe be implemented implemented in in various other various other forms formsofofgraphical graphicaluser userinterface interfacewithout withoutdeparting departingfrom from thethe scope scope of the of the present present disclosure. disclosure.

[0054] Returning

[0054] Returning to Fig. to Fig. 2, the 2, the method method 200 starts 200 starts at step at step 202. 202. At step At step 202, 202, the obtains the user user obtains one orone or moreexternal more externaldocuments documents to displayed to be be displayed on word on the the word processor processor 300. In300. one In one implementation, implementation, obtainingobtaining

an external an external document document comprises comprises copying copying a selection a selection of text of text present present in another in another application application program program (e.g. a(e.g. a webbrowser) web browser)running running on on thethe computer computer system system 100 100 and and pasting pasting the selected the selected text text into theinto theprocessor word word processor 300. In 300. In another implementation,a user another implementation, a user cancan input input (e.g.,copy (e.g., copy andand paste) paste) a Uniform a Uniform Resource Resource LocatorLocator

(URL)ofofananexternal (URL) externaldocument documentintointo an an input input fieldofofthe field theword word processor processor 300 300 to download to download the external the external

documentviaviacommunications document communications network network 120 or120 122 or to 122 to be displayed be displayed on the on the word word processor processor 300. 300. In yet In yet another implementation, another implementation,obtaining obtaining an an external external document document comprises comprises openingopening and displaying and displaying a a document document stored in stored in the the storage device109 storage device 109orordisk diskstorage storagemedium medium 125. 125. The obtained The obtained one orone moreorexternal more external documents documents areare displayed displayed in ain predetermined a predetermined area area ofword of the the word processor processor 300. 300.

[0055] In the

[0055] In the example example of Fig. of Fig. 3, there 3, there is shown is shown a single a single external external document document 312displayed 312 being being displayed in the in the wordprocessor word processor300. 300.However, However, the the wordword processor processor 300 is300 is configured configured to display to display a plurality a plurality of external of external

documents documents in in a a tabbed tabbed view view and and allow allow the user the user to toggle to toggle between between the to the tabs tabs to access access the respective the respective

documents documents withina single within a singleinstance instance of of thetheword word processor processor 300. 300.

[0056] Various

[0056] Various types types of document of document formats formats are supported are supported by the by the word word processor processor 300, foraexample, 300, for example, a Microsoft Word® Microsoft Worddocument, document, a PDF© a PDF® document, document, textdocument, a text afile file document, anfile, an image imageorfile, the or the like. like.

[0057] Returning

[0057] Returning to Fig. to Fig. 2, the 2, the method method 200 continues 200 continues from202 from step step to 202 step to stepAt 204. 204. step At step 204, the204, wordthe word processor300 processor 300generates generates a knowledge a knowledge groupgroup for receiving for receiving one orone orportions more more portions of the of the one or one more or more

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external documents. external documents.TheThe word word processor processor 300 300 is is configured configured to generate to generate a knowledge a knowledge group, group, for for example, example,

whenthe when theuser userclicks clicksonona abutton button414414 of of thetheword word processor processor 300 300 as shown as shown in Fig.in 4. Fig. The4.generated The generated knowledgegroup knowledge group is is displayed displayed in in an an area area of the of the word word processor processor 300 is 300 that thatdifferent is different to the to the areaarea displaying displaying

the one the one or or more moreexternal externaldocuments. documents.

[0058] In one

[0058] In one arrangement, arrangement, the may the user usercreate may create different different projects projects for different for different topics. topics. The generation The generation of of knowledgegroups knowledge groups includes includes saving saving the the knowledge knowledge groupsgroups againstagainst a particular a particular project. project.

[0059] Referring

[0059] Referring to Fig. to Fig. 5, 5, an an example example knowledge knowledge group group 516 516 is The is shown. shown. The knowledge knowledge group 516 isgroup 516 is providedwith provided with aa text text field field 518 518 for for receiving receiving one or more one or portionsofofthe more portions the one oneorormore moreexternal external documents documents

and a title 517. and a title 517.

[0060] Returning

[0060] Returning to Fig. to Fig. 2, the 2, the method method 200 continues 200 continues from204 from step step to 204 step to stepAt 206. 206. step At step 206, the206, wordthe word processor300 processor 300extracts extractsoneone or or more more portions portions of the of the oneone or more or more external external documents documents selected selected by the by the user user and save and savethe theselected selectedoneone or or more more portions portions intointo thethe knowledge knowledge groupgroup 516. 516. If the Ifselected the selected one orone or more more portions contain portions contain editable editable texts, texts, the the extraction extraction comprises copyingthetheselected comprises copying selected oneone or more or more portions portions into into

the text the text field field518. 518. IfIf thetheselected selectedone oneor ormore more portions portions contain an image, contain an image,the theextraction may extractionmay include include text text

recognition. recognition.

[0061] In one

[0061] In one arrangement, arrangement, the processor the word word processor associates associates a knowledge a knowledge group with group with another another knowledge knowledge group when group whenanyany portion portion saved saved in the in the former former is extracted is extracted directly directly therefrom therefrom intointo the the latter.For latter. Forexample, example, whena aportion when portionsaved savedin in a knowledge a knowledge group group A is A is extracted extracted directly directly therefrom therefrom into into a a knowledge knowledge group group B, B, the word the wordprocessor processor 300 300 associates associates these these knowledge knowledge groups. groups. The association The association of knowledge of knowledge groups, groups, e.g., e.g., knowledgegroups knowledge groups A and A and B, includes B, includes creating creating a link a link (e.g., (e.g., a hyperlink) a hyperlink) to to knowledge knowledge groupgroup A in A a in a collapsible area collapsible of knowledge area of knowledgegroup group B, B, andand vicevice versa. versa. As such, As such, the user the user can access can access knowledge knowledge group A group A from knowledge from knowledge group group B, and B, and vicevice versa. versa. The association The association of knowledge of knowledge groups the groups enables enables the user to user to readily access readily knowledge access aa knowledge group group fromfrom its associated its associated knowledge knowledge groupsgroups with a with a single single click. click.

[0062] In aIn further

[0062] a further arrangement, arrangement, a knowledge a knowledge group group can can be associated be associated with one with onepieces or more or more of pieces of writing to writing to allow allow the the user user to to readily readilyaccess access the the associated piecesofofwriting associated pieces writing from fromthat thatknowledge knowledge group. group.

Whena aknowledge When knowledge group group is used is used to craft to craft a piece a piece of writing of writing (e.g., (e.g., when when aggregated aggregated into ainto a structure structure for afor a piece of piece of writing writing or or selected by the selected by user to the user to be be parts parts of of aa note), note), the the word processor300 word processor 300adds adds a link a link (e.g.,a a (e.g.,

hyperlink) to hyperlink) to the the piece of writing piece of writing inina acollapsible collapsiblearea areaof ofthat knowledge that group. Referring knowledge group. Referring totoFig. Fig. 15, 15, aa knowledgegroup knowledge group 1547 1547 provided provided with with a collapsible a collapsible area area 1548 1548 containing containing link so a linka1550 1550 so is added added is shown. shown. By clicking By clicking the the link link 1550, 1550, the the user user can accessthe can access thepiece pieceofofwriting writingtoto which whichthe thelink 1550isispointing. link 1550 pointing. Referring to Referring to Fig. Fig. 16, 16, aa note 1652displayed note 1652 displayedwhen when thethe user user clicks clicks on on the the linklink 1550 1550 of Fig. of Fig. 15 15 is is shown. shown.

[0063] In yet

[0063] In yet a further a further arrangement, arrangement, a knowledge a knowledge group against group saved saved against project a projecta can can be associated be associated with with one or one or more moreother otherprojects. projects.Each Each project project associated associated withwith thethe knowledge knowledge group group can becan be readily readily accessed accessed

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directly therefrom directly by way therefrom by wayofofaa link link (e.g., (e.g., aa hyperlink) hyperlink) provided in aa collapsible provided in collapsible area area of of that thatknowledge knowledge

group. group.

[0064] Additionally,

[0064] Additionally, thethe word word processor processor displays displays the number the number of associations of associations forknowledge for each each knowledge group group (i.e., the (i.e., thenumber of times number of eachknowledge times each knowledge group group is associated is associated withwith other other knowledge knowledge groupsgroups or pieces or pieces of of writing) to writing) to indicate indicatean an intensity intensityofofuse. use.Each Each time a knowledge time a group knowledge group is is associated associated with with another another

knowledgegroup, knowledge group, a piece a piece of of writingor ora aproject, writing project,the theword wordprocessor processor 300 300 increments increments the number the number of of associationsfor associations for that that knowledge group knowledge group by by 1. 1.

[0065] Fig.Fig.

[0065] 5 shows 5 shows an example an example selection selection 520. 520. In the In the example example of the of Fig.5, Fig.5, wordthe word processor processor 300 300 monitorsaa user monitors userinput inputfrom, from,for for example, example,thetheinput inputdevice device 102102 or or 103. 103. Once Once the word the word processor processor 300 300 detects and detects andreceives receivesa auser userinput input(i.e., (i.e., the the selection 520), the selection 520), word processor the word processor 300 300 pastes pastes the the selection selection

520 into the 520 into the text text field field518. 518.The The selected one oror more selected one moreportions portionsare aretypically typicallyportions portionsofofthe theone oneorormore more external documents external documents that that theuser the user determines determines to useful to be be useful or relevant or relevant to the to the topic topic of the of the essay. essay.

[0066] Fig.Fig.

[0066] 6 shows 6 shows the knowledge the knowledge group group 516 in 516 whichinthe which the selection selection 520 5ofhas 520 of Fig. Fig.been 5 has been extracted extracted

into the text field 518. into the text field 518.

[0067] In an

[0067] In an alternative alternative arrangement, arrangement, the user the user can utilise can utilise the input the input device device 102 and/or 102 and/or 103 to103 type toor type or copy and copy andpaste pasteoneone or or more more portions portions of the of the oneone or more or more external external documents documents into theinto thefield text text field 518. 518. Copying andpasting Copying and pasting includes includes selecting selecting text text forfor copying, copying, andand dragging dragging and and dropping dropping the selected the selected one orone or

moreportions more portionsinto into the the knowledge knowledge group. group.

[0068] Notably,

[0068] Notably, steps steps 204 204 andcan and 206 206becan be repeated repeated astoneeded as needed to allow allow the thecontinue user to user to generating continue generating further knowledge further groups knowledge groups forfor furtherportions further portionsofofthe theone oneorormore more external external documents. documents.

[0069] In some

[0069] In some arrangements, arrangements, a knowledge a knowledge group cangroup can or have one have moreone or more further textfurther fields text fieldsthe to allow to allow the user to user to customise customisethe theknowledge knowledge group. group. For For example, example, Fig. 7Fig. 7 shows shows anotheranother example example knowledgeknowledge group group 718 including three text fields 724, 726, 728. Like text field 518 of Figs. 5 and 6, the text field 724 is used 718 including three text fields 724, 726, 728. Like text field 518 of Figs. 5 and 6, the text field 724 is used

to receive to one or receive one or more moreportions portionsofofthe theone oneorormore more external external documents. documents. In text In the the text fields fields 726 726 and and 728, 728, the the user can user can add, add,for for example, example,a alabelling labellingororbibliographic bibliographicinformation informationtotothe theknowledge knowledge group group 718.718. The The labelling could labelling could be, be, for for example, title orora aquestion example, aa title question to towhich which the the user is seeking user is an answer. seeking an answer.The The bibliographic information bibliographic information could could include includeinformation informationsuch suchasas thethe author author of of thethe external external document, document, the date the date

the external the external document document waswas published, published, the the URL(s) URL(s) used used by theby the touser user to download download the one the one external or more or more external documents. documents.

[0070] In some

[0070] In some arrangements, arrangements, the knowledge the knowledge groups groups can can be categorised. be categorised. In one implementation, In one implementation, the the wordprocessor word processor 300 300 is is configured configured to to provide provide a pluralityofofcategories. a plurality categories.The The pluralityofofcategories plurality categoriesrelates relatestoto a structure of a piece of writing (collectively referred to hereinafter as "structure"). When generating a a structure of a piece of writing (collectively referred to hereinafter as "structure"). When generating a

knowledgegroup, knowledge group, thethe word word processor processor 300configured 300 is is configured to allow to allow the user the user to determine, to determine, among among the the

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plurality ofofcategories, plurality categories,a acategory category with with which the knowledge which the knowledge group group is associated. is associated. Alternatively, Alternatively, a a knowledgegroup knowledge group cancan be assigned be assigned one one of theofplurality the plurality of categories of categories at any at any time.time. In one In one implementation, implementation,

the word the wordprocessor processor 300 300 is is configured configured to to provide provide 6 categories: 6 categories: "what", "what", "when", "when", "why", "why", "where", "who""who" "where", and and "how" as "how" asshown shownin in Fig.3.3.Referring Fig. ReferringtotoFig. Fig. 8,8, the the "what" knowledge "what"knowledge group group 830 830 and "when" and the the "when" knowledge knowledge

group 832 group 832are areshown. shown.

[0071] Additionally,

[0071] Additionally, thethe word word processor processor 300 300 is is configured configured to allow to allow the to the user user to define define customised customised

categories. categories.

[0072] In one

[0072] In one arrangement, arrangement, thecan the user user can generate generate at leastatone least one knowledge knowledge group group based based on the topicon the topic before opening before openingananexternal externaldocument. document. For For example, example, if theif user the user is toiswrite to write on aontopic a topic "to "to what what extent extent are are electric vehicles electric vehicles aa solution solution to toglobal global pollution", pollution",thetheuser usergenerates generates aa set set of of knowledge groupsasas knowledge groups shown shown in in Fig. 3. Fig. 3. In Inthe theexample of Fig.3, example of Fig.3, the the generated knowledge generated knowledge groups groups each each relate relate to a to a question question associated associated with with the topic, e.g., "what are electric vehicles", "what is global pollution", "where electric vehicles were the topic, e.g., "what are electric vehicles", "what is global pollution", "where electric vehicles were

invented", "why invented", "whyelectric electric vehicles can solve vehicles can solveglobal globalpollution", pollution", etc. etc. These knowledge These knowledge groups groups and and subsequentlygenerated subsequently generated knowledge knowledge groups groups can be can be displayed displayed permanently permanently throughoutthroughout method 200,method which 200, which serve as serve as aa guidance guidancetotodirect directthe theuser usertotorelevant relevantportion(s) portion(s) ofof the the one oneorormore moreexternal externaldocuments documents wherewhere

useful information useful information may maybebepresent, present, by by wayway of presenting of presenting a series a series of questions of questions in regard in regard to various to various

aspectsofof the aspects the topic topic to to the the user, user, thereby providing aa problem-solving thereby providing problem-solving context context forfor theuser. the user.Such Such arrangements arrangements allow allow thethe user user to to focus focus thethe reading reading towards towards limited limited portions portions of aof a document document without without needing needing

to read to the entire read the entire document, thereby document, thereby improving the the improving reading reading efficiency. efficiency.

[0073] The The

[0073] wordword processor processor 300 includes 300 includes a writing a writing panel panel for for composing, composing, formatting, formatting, andtext. and storing storing text. Thewriting The writing panel panelisis activatable activatable for for example, example, bybythe theuser userclicking clickingonona a"Writing "WritingPanel" Panel"tab tab313 313 as as shown shown in in Fig. 3. Fig. 3.

[0074] OnceOnce

[0074] a writing a writing panelpanel is activated, is activated, the the method method 200 continues 200 continues from from step 206step 206 208. to step to step At 208. step At step 208, aa structure 208, structure for for aa piece of writing piece of writing isisdisplayed. displayed.The The structure structure includes plurality ofofsegments includes aa plurality suchasas segments such

an introduction, an introduction, aa body bodyand anda aconclusion. conclusion.

[0075] The The

[0075] method method 200 continues 200 continues from from step 208step 208 210. to step to step At 210. At step step 210, the 210, word the word processor processor 300 300 aggregatesthe aggregates theknowledge knowledge groups groups into into the the structure structure for for a piece a piece of writing. of writing. By way By way of example, of example, the the word word processor300 processor 300isisconfigured configuredtotoaggregate aggregate thethe "what" "what" knowledge knowledge group(s) group(s) intointroduction, into the the introduction, to to aggregate the"when" aggregate the "when"andand "where" "where" knowledge knowledge group(s) group(s) intobody, into the the body, and to and to aggregate aggregate the "how" the "how"

knowledgegroup(s) knowledge group(s) into into theconclusion. the conclusion. In In some some implementations, implementations, the processor the word word processor 300 is configured 300 is configured

to aggregate to oneknowledge aggregate one knowledge group group into into moremore than segments. than segments. The aggregated The aggregated knowledge knowledge groups groups provide provide a starting a starting point point from from where theuser where the usermay may craft(e.g., craft (e.g.,add, add,delete, delete,modify, modify,format) format)a apiece pieceofofwriting writing asas desired. desired.

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[0076] In some

[0076] In some arrangements, arrangements, theprocessor the word word processor 300 comprises 300 comprises a search a search panel 934 aspanel shown934 Fig.as9.shown Fig. 9. Thesearch The searchpanel panel934934 cancan be enabled be enabled by a by a button button 936.search 936. The The search panel panel 934 934the allows allows user the user to to search search the currently the currently displayed document displayed document based based on or on one onemore or more keywords keywords input byinput by the the user anduser and generates generates a a search result. search result. The Thegeneration generation of of a search a search result result comprises comprises identifying identifying pages pages of the of the document document based based on on the one the oneor or more morekeywords keywords and and displaying displaying a thumbnail a thumbnail of each of each identified identified pageeach page with with keyword each keyword being being highlighted in highlighted in aa different differentcolour. colour.The The search panel 934 search panel 934isisconfigured configuredtotoperform performsearches searches using using the the one one or or morekeywords more keywords either either independently independently of one of one another another or inorcombination. in combination. Thisbecan This can be achieved achieved by a by a special special searchfunctionality search functionality 937 937which whichprovides provides a checkbox a checkbox for for eacheach keyword. keyword. Where Where none of none of theboxes the check check boxes are selected are selected (i.e., (i.e., the thespecial specialsearch search functionality functionality937 937 is is not not enabled), enabled), the the search panel934 search panel 934functions functions using the using the one oneorormore morekeywords keywords independently independently ofanother of one one another and provides and provides search1037 a searcha result result 1037 that that includes pages includes pagescontaining containinganyany oneone of the of the oneone or more or more keywords, keywords, as shown as shown in Fig. in 10.Fig.10. Where Where at leastattwo least two checkboxes check boxesareareselected selected (i.e.,the (i.e., thespecial specialsearch searchfunctionality functionality937 937isisenabled), enabled),the thesearch search panel panel 934934

functions using functions using the the selected selectedkeywords keywords in combination in combination and provides and provides a search a search result result 1138includes 1138 that that includes pagescontaining pages containingatatleast leastone onesentence sentence within within which which all all of of thethe selected selected keywords keywords are present, are present, as shown as shown in in Fig. 11. Fig. 11. The searchpanel The search panel934 934 enables enables the the useruser to effectively to effectively access access different different portions portions of of a document a document

using different using different combination ofkeywords. combination of keywords.

[0077] In some

[0077] In some arrangements, arrangements, the generated the generated knowledge knowledge groups aregroups stored are intostored into aThe a library. library. word The word processor300 processor 300isisconfigured configuredtotoprovide providea alibrary librarypanel panel1240 1240 that that listsall lists all of of the the generated knowledge generated knowledge

groups, as groups, asshown shownin inFig. Fig.12.12.In Inthethelibrary librarypanel panel1240, 1240,thetheuser user is is abletotoreview able reviewthetheknowledge knowledge groups groups

and generate and generatea anote. note.The The user user maymay generate generate note a in a note in relation relation to the to the topic topic of the of the piece piece of writing of writing or or a a conceptidentified concept identified therein. therein. Alternatively, Alternatively, aa note note can be formed can be formedfrom fromanyany knowledge knowledge groups groups as theasuser the user deemsfit. deems fit. To To generate generatea anote, note,the theuser userclicks clicksonona abutton button1242 1242 as as shown shown in Fig. in Fig. 12. 12. OnceOnce the button the button

1242isis clicked, 1242 clicked, the the word processor300300 word processor displays displays a note a note taking taking area area 13441344 as shown as shown in Fig.in 13 Fig.into 13 which into which one or one or more moreknowledge knowledge groups groups canextracted can be be extracted (e.g.,(e.g., dragged dragged and dropped and dropped by the by the user) user) thereby thereby generatingaanote. generating note.Fig. Fig. 1414shows showsan an example example of a of a generated generated note 1446. note 1446. The generated The generated note 1446note is 1446 is sharablewith sharable with other othercomputer computer systems systems or electronic or electronic devices devices via communications via communications networknetwork 120 120 or 122. or 122.

[0078] The The

[0078] following following describes describes use of a usea case case theof the arrangements arrangements described. described. In this In this use usea user case, case, a user seeks to craft a piece of writing on a topic "to what extent are electric vehicles a solution to global seeks to craft a piece of writing on a topic "to what extent are electric vehicles a solution to global

solution" and solution" inputs the and inputs the topic topic into into the the word processor300. word processor 300.TheThe user user identifiesoneone identifies or or more more external external

documents documents stored stored in in thethe storage storage device device 109 109 thatthat are are relevant relevant to the to the topic topic and and opens opens the identified the identified

document(s)viaviathetheword document(s) word processor processor 300,300, for for example example at step at step 202. 202. Theprocessor The word word processor 300 optionally 300 optionally

displays 66 categories: displays categories: "what", "what", "when", "when","why", "why","where", "where","who" "who" andand "how" "how" and and onemore one or or more knowledge knowledge

groupsgenerated groups generatedby by thethe user user based based on topic. on the the topic. WhenWhen the clicks the user user clicks on theonbutton the button 414,word 414, the the word processor300 processor 300generates generates a knowledge a knowledge groupgroup at 204. at step step The 204.user Thesubsequently user subsequently selects selects one one or more or more portions from portions from the the one oneorormore moreexternal externaldocuments documents via input via the the input device device 103. 103. Upon receiving Upon receiving the selection, the selection,

the word the wordprocessor processor 300 300 extract extract thethe selected selected portions portions intointo thethe knowledge knowledge group. group. The may The user usercontinue may continue to to generatefurther generate further knowledge knowledge groups groups intointo which which one one or more or more further further portions portions ofone of the the orone or external more more external documents documents cancan be be extracted. extracted. The The user user may to may wish wish usetothe useknowledge the knowledge groups groups to to form form parts parts of an of an essay. essay. Alternatively, the Alternatively, the user user may wishtotogenerate may wish generateanan intermediate intermediate note. note. If writingananessay If writing essay is is required, required, thetheword word

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processor300 processor 300displays displaysa astructure structureforfora apiece pieceofofwriting writingatat step step208 208and andaggregate aggregate the the knowledge knowledge groupsgroups

into the into the structure structure at atstep step 210. 210. If Ifan anintermediate intermediate note note is is required, required, the the word processor300 word processor 300aggregates aggregates a a user selection user selection of of the the knowledge knowledgegroups groups andand generates generates a note. a note.

[0079] The The

[0079] arrangements arrangements described described provide provide a word processor a word processor to assist to andassist guide and guide users usersa to to craft craft piece a piece of writing, of writing,thereby thereby improving efficiency and improving efficiency productivity. and productivity.

Industrial Applicability Industrial Applicability

[0080] The The

[0080] arrangements arrangements described described are applicable are applicable to the computer to the computer and data and data processing processing industries industries and and particularly for particularly forthe theword word processing technologies. processing technologies.

[0081] The The

[0081] foregoing foregoing describes describes only embodiments only some some embodiments of theinvention, of the present present invention, and modifications and modifications

and/or changes and/or changescancan be be made made thereto thereto without without departing departing fromscope from the the scope and of and spirit spirit theof the invention, invention, the the embodiments being embodiments being illustrativeand illustrative and notnot restrictive. restrictive.

[0082] In the

[0082] In the context context of of thisspecification, this specification,the theword word "comprising" "comprising" means means "including "including principally principally but but not not necessarilysolely" necessarily solely" or or "having" or "including", "having" or "including", and and not not "consisting "consisting only only of". of". Variations Variations of of the the word word

"comprising", suchasas"comprise" "comprising", such "comprise"andand "comprises" "comprises" have have correspondingly correspondingly varied varied meanings. meanings.

AH25(22800013_5):CHP

Claims (14)

CLAIMS:

1. A method of providing writing guidance for a piece of writing, the method comprising: providing a first area for displaying at least one document; 5 providing a second area for displaying one or more knowledge groups generated by a user; and 2019229364

relating each of the one or more knowledge groups to a question associated with a topic of the piece of writing; extracting at least one portion of the at least one document into the one or more knowledge groups; wherein each of the one or more knowledge groups comprises at least one text field for 10 receiving one or more portions of the at least one document; in a case where the number of the one or more knowledge groups is two or more, and each time any portion saved in one of two or more knowledge groups is extracted directly therefrom into another of the two or more knowledge groups, associating the one of the two or more knowledge groups with the another of the two or more knowledge groups, and displaying the number of 15 associations for each of the two or more knowledge groups to indicate an intensity of use; wherein the associations for each of the two or more knowledge groups comprise creating a link to the one of the two or more knowledge groups in a collapsible area of the another of the two or more knowledge groups; displaying a structure for the piece of writing, wherein the structure comprises a plurality of 20 segments; providing a plurality of categories, and assigning a corresponding one of the plurality of categories to each of the one or more knowledge groups, wherein the plurality of categories relate to the structure; and aggregating the one or more knowledge groups into one of the plurality of segments 25 corresponding to the plurality of categories.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the extracting comprises text recognising.

3. The method according to any one of claim 1-2, wherein the structure is displayed in a 30 writing panel for composing, formatting, and storing text.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, further comprising searching the at least one document based on one or more keywords and generates a search result highlighting each keyword in a different colour. 5 2019229364

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the search result includes pages containing at least one sentence within which all of the one or more keywords are present.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, further comprising storing the one or more 10 knowledge groups into a library.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the at least one document is any one of a document stored in a local storage, a document downloaded via a communication network, a selection of text present on an application program other than the word processor. 15

8. A computer readable medium storing a computer program for providing writing guidance for piece of writing, the computer program comprising instructions for: providing a first area for displaying at least one document; providing a second area for displaying one or more knowledge groups generated by a user; and 20 relating each of the one or more knowledge groups to a question associated with a topic of the piece of writing; extracting at least one portion of the at least one document into the one or more knowledge groups; wherein each of the one or more knowledge groups comprises at least one text field for receiving one or more portions of the at least one document; in a case where the number of the one or more knowledge groups is two or more, and each 25 time any portion saved in one of two or more knowledge groups is extracted directly therefrom into another of the two or more knowledge groups, associating the one of the two or more knowledge groups with the another of the two or more knowledge groups, and displaying the number of associations for each of the two or more knowledge groups to indicate an intensity of use; wherein the associations for each of the two or more knowledge groups comprise creating a link to the one 30 of the two or more knowledge groups in a collapsible area of the another of the two or more

knowledge groups; displaying a structure for the piece of writing, wherein the structure comprises a plurality of segments; providing a plurality of categories, and assigning a corresponding one of the plurality of 5 categories to each of the one or more knowledge groups, wherein the plurality of categories relate to 2019229364

the structure; and aggregating the one or more knowledge groups into one of the plurality of segments corresponding to the plurality of categories.

10

9. The computer readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the extracting comprises text recognising.

10. The computer readable medium according to any one of claims 8-11, wherein the structure is displayed in a writing panel for composing, formatting, and storing text. 15

11. The computer readable medium according to any one of claims 8-10, wherein the computer program comprises instructions for searching the at least one document based on one or more keywords and generates a search result highlighting each keyword in a different colour.

20 12. The computer readable medium according to claim 11, wherein the search result includes pages containing at least one sentence within which all of the one or more keywords are present.

13. The computer readable medium according to any one of claims 8-12, wherein the computer program comprises instructions for storing the one or more knowledge groups into a library. 25

14. The computer readable medium according to any one of claims 8-13, wherein the at least one document is any one of a document stored in a local storage, a document downloaded via a communication network, a selection of text present on an application program other than the word processor.