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AU2019268089B2 - Drying apparatus and drying method - Google Patents

Drying apparatus and drying method Download PDF

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Publication number
AU2019268089B2
AU2019268089B2 AU2019268089A AU2019268089A AU2019268089B2 AU 2019268089 B2 AU2019268089 B2 AU 2019268089B2 AU 2019268089 A AU2019268089 A AU 2019268089A AU 2019268089 A AU2019268089 A AU 2019268089A AU 2019268089 B2 AU2019268089 B2 AU 2019268089B2
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Prior art keywords
drying
chambers
heating
drying object
disposed
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AU2019268089A1 (en
Inventor
Katsushi Kosuge
Kenichi Sekimoto
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Nippon Steel Engineering Co Ltd
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Nippon Steel Engineering Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/10—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
    • F26B3/08—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
    • F26B3/08—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
    • F26B3/084—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed with heat exchange taking place in the fluidised bed, e.g. combined direct and indirect heat exchange

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

This drying device comprises: a plurality of drying chambers aligned in a conveying direction of an object to be dried; a partition that divides drying chambers adjacent in the conveying direction and allows drying chambers adjacent in the conveying direction to communicate via through-holes; an object-to-be-dried supply part that supplies the object to be dried into a drying chamber at the upstream end along the conveying direction; a direct heating unit that uses heating gas to directly heat the object to be dried in the plurality of drying chambers; an indirect heating unit that indirectly heats the object to be dried in the plurality of drying chambers; a detection unit that detects the temperature of the object to be dried; and a control unit that, on the basis of the detection result of the detection unit adjusts the rate by which the object to be dried in the plurality of drying chambers is heated by the indirect heating unit; the control unit adjusting the heating rate of the plurality of drying chambers by the indirect heating unit so that the temperature of the object to be dried in the plurality of drying chambers is less than a temperature threshold value.

Description

DRYING APPARATUS AND DRYING METHOD
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to a drying apparatus and a drying method.
[0002] Priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-094350, filed May 16, 2018, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Background
[0003] In recent years, efficient use of coal having a low grade (drying object) (hereinafter referred to as low-grade coal) such as brown coal, subbituminous coal, and the like, of which reserves are large, but having a low calorific value due to a large amount of moisture as fuel has been under review. For example, methods for removing moisture (dehydrating) by drying low grade coal using a fluidized bed-type drying apparatus (hereinafter referred to as a fluidized bed drying apparatus) and then using the dried low-grade coal for power generation facilities and the like have been developed.
[0004] In a fluidized bed drying apparatus, in order to appropriately dry low-grade coal, it is important to properly control a residence time of the low-grade coal. For example, in Patent Document 1, by installing a partition plate (partition) inside a fluidized bed drying apparatus, the inside of the fluidized bed drying apparatus is partitioned into a plurality of drying chambers. In each partition plate, a passage opening through which low-grade coal can pass is formed. The area of this passage opening can be adjusted using an adjustment plate. By adjusting the area of the passage opening, a residence time of low-grade coal in each drying chamber is controlled.
[0005] In addition, in a fluidized bed drying apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 2, the number of revolutions of a rotary valve disposed at an exit of the drying apparatus is adjusted using a moisture sensor determining the amount of moisture of low-grade coal and bed height information determined by a bed height sensor determining a bed height of the fluidized bed. In this way, the bed height inside the drying apparatus is adjusted such that the low-grade coal has appropriate moisture (residence time).
Citation List
Patent Literature
[0006] Patent Document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2013-108699
[0007] Patent Document 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2015-017742
[0008] However, the inventors have found that, as in the drying apparatuses disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, even in a case in which a residence time of low-grade coal and a bed height of the fluidized bed are determined and controlled, when coal is oxidized, a volatile gas comes out from the coal, and there is a possibility of the quality of the material of the coal changing.
[0009] The present invention was realized in consideration of such a problem, and an objective thereof is to provide a drying apparatus and a drying method capable of drying a drying object while inhibiting a change in the quality of the material of the drying object.
Summary of the Invention
[00010] It is an object of the present invention to substantially overcome, or at least ameliorate, one or more of the disadvantages of existing arrangements.
[0011] In order to solve the problem described above, the present invention proposes the following means.
[0011] A drying apparatus according to the present invention is a drying apparatus that is configured to dry a drying object containing moisture, and includes: a plurality of drying chambers that are arranged to be aligned in a conveying direction in which the drying object is conveyed; partitions that are configured to partition each pair of drying chambers adjacent to each other in the conveying direction among the plurality of drying chambers and cause the pairs of drying chambers adjacent to each other in the conveying direction to communicate with each other through through holes formed in the partitions; a drying object supply unit that is configured to supply the drying object to an inside of the drying chamber disposed at an end on an upstream side in the conveying direction among the plurality of drying chambers; a direct heating unit that is configured to directly heat the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers using a heating gas and fluidize the drying object; an indirect heating unit that is configured to indirectly heat the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers; a determination unit that is configured to determine a temperature of the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers; and a control unit that is configured to adjust a heating quantity for the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers using the indirect heating unit on the basis of determination results acquired by the determination unit, in which the control unit is configured to adjust heating quantities for the plurality of drying chambers using the indirect heating unit such that a temperature of the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers determined by the determination unit is lower than a temperature threshold, which is set in advance, at which generation of a volatile gas from the drying object is inhibited, in which the indirect heating unit includes: a heat transfer pipe that extends in a direction intersecting the conveying direction and has an inside through which a heating medium flows; and a control valve that is configured to be able to adjust an amount of flow of the heating medium flowing through the inside of the heat transfer pipe by adjusting a degree of opening and is controlled by the control unit, and in which the control unit is configured to: set the degree of opening of the control valve of the indirect heating unit heating the drying object disposed inside the drying chamber in which only the drying object that is in a constant-rate drying state is housed to a maximum; close the control valve of the indirect heating unit heating the drying object disposed inside the drying chamber in which only the drying object that is in a reduction-rate drying state is housed; and adjust the control valve of the indirect heating unit heating the drying object disposed inside the drying chamber in which the drying object that is in the constant-rate drying state and the drying object that is in the reduction-rate drying state are housed to a predetermined degree of opening.
[0012] In addition, a drying method according to the present invention is a drying method for drying a drying object containing moisture, and includes: supplying the drying object to an inside of a drying chamber disposed at an end on an upstream side in a conveying direction in which the drying object is conveyed, among a plurality of drying chambers which are arranged to be aligned in the conveying direction and in which partitions are disposed, the partitions partitioning each pair of drying chambers adjacent to each other in the conveying direction among the plurality of drying chambers and causing the pairs of drying chambers adjacent to each other in the conveying direction to communicate with each other through through holes formed in the partitions; fluidizing the drying object by directly heating the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers using a heating gas; indirectly heating the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers; adjusting a heating quantity for indirectly heating the drying object using a control valve that is configured to be able to adjust a degree of opening such that a temperature of the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers is lower than a temperature threshold, which is set in advance, at which generation of a volatile gas from the drying object is inhibited; setting the degree of opening of the control valve to a maximum in a case in which the drying object disposed inside the drying chamber in which only the drying object that is in a constant-rate drying state is housed is indirectly heated; closing the control valve in a case in which the drying object disposed inside the drying chamber in which only the drying object that is in a reduction-rate drying state is housed is indirectly heated; and adjusting the control valve to a predetermined degree of opening in a case in which the drying object disposed inside the drying chamber in which the drying object that is in the constant-rate drying state and the drying object that is in the reduction-rate drying state are housed are indirectly heated.
[0013] According to these inventions, when a drying object is conveyed between a plurality of drying chambers to the downstream side in the conveying direction through the through holes of the partitions, the drying object is fluidized by being directly heated by a heating gas and is further indirectly heated. Pairs of drying chambers that are adjacent to each other in the conveying direction are partitioned by the partitions, and accordingly, the drying object is dried while the quality of the drying object is maintained constant inside the drying chambers.
[0014] At this time, a heating quantity for indirectly heating the drying object is adjusted such that the temperature of the drying object disposed inside each of the plurality of drying chambers is equal to or lower than the temperature threshold. Accordingly, a volatile gas is inhibited from coming out of the drying object, and the drying object can be dried while a change in the quality of the material of the drying object is inhibited.
[0015] In the case of a drying object that is in the constant-rate drying state, the amount of moisture evaporating from the surface of the drying object increases even when the heating quantity is increased, and it is difficult for the temperature of the drying object to rise, and accordingly, by heating the drying object with a large heating quantity, the drying object can be dried safely and efficiently. In the case of a drying object that is in the reduction-rate drying state, it is difficult for moisture to evaporate from the surface of the drying object, and the temperature of the drying object easily rises, and accordingly, by stopping heating using the indirect heating unit by closing the control valve, a rise in the temperature of the drying object can be inhibited. In the drying chamber in which a drying object that is in the constant-rate drying state and a drying object that is in the reduction-rate drying state are housed, the drying object is appropriately heated by adjusting the control valve to a predetermined degree of opening.
[0016] In this way, a drying object can be effectively heated indirectly in accordance with a case in which the drying object housed inside the drying chamber is only in the constant-rate drying state, a case in which the drying object is only in the reduction-rate drying state, or a case in which drying objects are in both the constant-rate drying state and the reduction-rate drying state.
[0017] In addition, another drying apparatus according to the present invention is a drying apparatus that is configured to dry a drying object containing moisture, and includes: a plurality of drying chambers that are arranged to be aligned in a conveying direction in which the drying object is conveyed; partitions that are configured to partition each pair of drying chambers adjacent to each other in the conveying direction among the plurality of drying chambers and cause the pairs of drying chambers adjacent to each other in the conveying direction to communicate with each other through through holes formed in the partitions; a drying object supply unit that is configured to supply the drying object to an inside of the drying chamber disposed at an end on an upstream side in the conveying direction among the plurality of drying chambers; a direct heating unit that is configured to directly heat the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers using a heating gas and fluidize the drying object; an indirect heating unit that is configured to indirectly heat the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers; a determination unit that is configured to determine a temperature of the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers; and a control unit that is configured to adjust a heating quantity for the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers using the indirect heating unit on the basis of determination results acquired by the determination unit, in which the control unit is configured to adjust heating quantities for the plurality of drying chambers using the indirect heating unit such that a temperature of the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers determined by the determination unit is lower than a temperature threshold, which is set in advance, at which generation of a volatile gas from the drying object is inhibited, and in which the control unit is configured to adjust the heating quantity for the drying object disposed inside each of the plurality of drying chambers using the indirect heating unit in a case in which all the drying objects disposed inside the plurality of drying chambers are in a constant-rate drying state.
[0018] Furthermore, another drying method according to the present invention is a drying method for drying a drying object containing moisture, and includes: supplying the drying object to an inside of a drying chamber disposed at an end on an upstream side in a conveying direction in which the drying object is conveyed, among a plurality of drying chambers which are arranged to be aligned in the conveying direction and in which partitions are disposed, the partitions partitioning each pair of drying chambers adjacent to each other in the conveying direction among the plurality of drying chambers and causing the pairs of drying chambers adjacent to each other in the conveying direction to communicate with each other through through holes formed in the partitions; fluidizing the drying object by directly heating the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers using a heating gas; indirectly heating the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers; adjusting a heating quantity for indirectly heating the drying object such that a temperature of the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers is lower than a temperature threshold, which is set in advance, at which generation of a volatile gas from the drying object is inhibited; and adjusting the heating quantity for the drying object disposed inside each of the plurality of drying chambers by indirectly heating the drying object in a case in which all the drying objects disposed inside the plurality of drying chambers are in a constant-rate drying state.
[0019] According to these inventions, when a drying object is conveyed between a plurality of drying chambers to the downstream side in the conveying direction through the through holes of the partitions, the drying object is fluidized by being directly heated by a heating gas and is further indirectly heated. Pairs of drying chambers that are adjacent to each other in the conveying direction are partitioned by the partitions, and accordingly, the drying object is dried while the quality of the drying object is maintained constant inside the drying chambers.
[0020] At this time, a heating quantity for indirectly heating the drying object is adjusted such that the temperature of the drying object disposed inside each of the plurality of drying chambers is equal to or lower than the temperature threshold. Accordingly, a volatile gas is inhibited from coming out of the drying object, and the drying object can be dried while a change in the quality of the material of the drying object is inhibited.
[0021] In addition, since a drying object that is in the reduction-rate drying state is not present inside the plurality of drying chambers, a heating quantity for a drying object inside each of the plurality of drying chambers can be adjusted to a desired amount using the indirect heating unit.
[0022] In addition, another drying apparatus according to the present invention is a drying apparatus that is configured to dry a drying object containing moisture, and includes: a plurality of drying chambers that are arranged to be aligned in a conveying direction in which the drying object is conveyed; partitions that are configured to partition each pair of drying chambers adjacent to each other in the conveying direction among the plurality of drying chambers and cause the pairs of drying chambers adjacent to each other in the conveying direction to communicate with each other through through holes formed in the partitions; a drying object supply unit that is configured to supply the drying object to an inside of the drying chamber disposed at an end on an upstream side in the conveying direction among the plurality of drying chambers; a direct heating unit that is configured to directly heat the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers using a heating gas and fluidize the drying object; an indirect heating unit that is configured to indirectly heat the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers; a determination unit that is configured to determine a temperature of the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers; and a control unit that is configured to adjust a heating quantity for the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers using the indirect heating unit on the basis of determination results acquired by the determination unit, in which the control unit is configured to adjust heating quantities for the plurality of drying chambers using the indirect heating unit such that a temperature of the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers determined by the determination unit is lower than a temperature threshold, which is set in advance, at which generation of a volatile gas from the drying object is inhibited, and in which the control unit is configured to adjust the heating quantity for the drying object that is in a reduction-rate drying state using the indirect heating unit in a case in which some of the drying objects disposed inside the plurality of drying chambers are in a constant-rate drying state, and the other drying objects disposed inside the plurality of drying chambers are in the reduction-rate drying state.
[0023] Furthermore, another drying method according to the present invention is a drying method for drying a drying object containing moisture, and includes: supplying the drying object to an inside of a drying chamber disposed at an end on an upstream side in a conveying direction in which the drying object is conveyed, among a plurality of drying chambers which are arranged to be aligned in the conveying direction and in which partitions are disposed, the partitions partitioning each pair of drying chambers adjacent to each other in the conveying direction among the plurality of drying chambers and causing the pairs of drying chambers adjacent to each other in the conveying direction to communicate with each other through through holes formed in the partitions; fluidizing the drying object by directly heating the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers using a heating gas; indirectly heating the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers; adjusting a heating quantity for indirectly heating the drying object such that a temperature of the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers is lower than a temperature threshold, which is set in advance, at which generation of a volatile gas from the drying object is inhibited; and adjusting the heating quantity for the drying object that is in a reduction-rate drying state by indirectly heating the drying object in a case in which some of the drying objects disposed inside the plurality of drying chambers are in a constant-rate drying state, and the other drying objects disposed inside the plurality of drying chambers are in the reduction-rate drying state.
[0024] According to these inventions, when a drying object is conveyed between a plurality of drying chambers to the downstream side in the conveying direction through the through holes of the partitions, the drying object is fluidized by being directly heated by a heating gas and is further indirectly heated. One pair of drying chambers that are adjacent to each other in the conveying direction are partitioned by the partitions, and accordingly, the drying object is dried while the quality of the drying object is maintained constant inside the drying chambers.
[0025] At this time, a heating quantity for indirectly heating the drying object is adjusted such that the temperature of the drying object disposed inside each of the plurality of drying chambers is equal to or lower than the temperature threshold. Accordingly, a volatile gas is inhibited from coming out of the drying object, and the drying object can be dried while a change in the quality of the material of the drying object is inhibited.
[0026] In the case of a drying object that is in the constant-rate drying state, the amount of moisture evaporating from the surface of the drying object increases even when the heating quantity is increased, and it is difficult for the temperature of the drying object to rise. Accordingly, for example, a drying object that is in the constant-rate drying state is heated with a maximum heating quantity, and a heating quantity of a drying object that is in the reduction rate drying state is adjusted, whereby both drying objects can be effectively heated.
[0027] In addition, in the drying apparatus described above, the indirect heating unit may include: a heat transfer pipe that extends in a direction intersecting the conveying direction and has an inside through which a heating medium flows; and a control valve that is configured to be able to adjust an amount of flow of the heating medium flowing through the inside of the heat transfer pipe by adjusting a degree of opening and is controlled by the control unit.
[0028] According to the present invention, the indirect heating unit can be configured by the heat transfer pipe and the control valve in a simple manner.
[0029] In addition, in the drying apparatus described above, an oxygen concentration of the heating gas may be lower than an oxygen concentration of air.
According to this invention, it becomes more difficult for the drying object to be oxidized by the heating gas than in a case in which air is used as the heating gas. Accordingly, the temperature threshold can be configured to be higher than a temperature threshold of a case in which air is used as the heating gas, whereby the drying apparatus can be easily controlled.
[0030]
In addition, in the drying apparatus described above, the determination unit may include a moisture sensor that is configured to determine a moisture content of the drying object or a temperature sensor that is configured to determine temperatures of the insides of the plurality of drying chambers, and the determination unit may be configured to determine a temperature of the drying object on the basis of a determination result acquired by the moisture sensor or a determination result acquired by the temperature sensor.
[0031] According to this invention, the determination unit can determine the temperature of a drying object on the basis of a determination result acquired by the moisture sensor or a determination result acquired by the temperature sensor.
[0032]
According to a drying apparatus and a drying method of the present invention, a drying object can be dried while a change in the quality of the material of the drying object is inhibited.
[Brief Description of Drawings]
[0033] Further features of the present invention are more fully described in the following description of several non-limiting embodiments thereof. This description is included solely for the purposes of exemplifying the present invention. It should not be understood as a restriction on the broad summary, disclosure or description of the invention as set out above. The description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a general diagram, in which a part is broken, showing an overview of the configuration of a drying apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section showing measurement points of sensors in the drying apparatus.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section showing measurement points of sensors in the drying apparatus in a direction different from that shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a general diagram showing an overview of the configuration of a fluidized bed drying apparatus used in an experiment.
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a coal drying curve acquired in the experiment.
Fig. 6 is a diagram showing results of measurements of a concentration of CO gas generated from coal with respect to the temperature of the coal.
Fig. 7 is a diagram showing results of measurements of a heating quantity according to a direct heating unit, an exchanged heat quantity according to an indirect heating unit, and a temperature of coal in each drying chamber of a drying apparatus of an example.
Fig. 8 is a diagram showing results of measurements of a heating quantity according to a direct heating unit, an exchanged heat quantity according to an indirect heating unit, and a temperature of coal in each drying chamber of a drying apparatus of an example.
[Description of Embodiments]
[0034]
Hereinafter, a drying apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Figs. 1 to 8.
[0035] As shown in Fig. 1, the drying apparatus 1 according to this embodiment is an apparatus used for continuously drying coal (a drying object) W1 that contains moisture. Coal having a high moisture content such as brown coal is used as the coal W1.
[0036] The drying apparatus 1includes a plurality of drying chambers 11A, 1IB, IC, and 1ID, partitions 16A, 16B, and 16C, a coal supplying unit (a drying object supplying unit) 21, a direct heating unit 26, an indirect heating unit 36, a determination unit 51 (see Fig. 2), and a control unit 66.
[0037] Hereinafter, the drying chambers 11A, 1IB, 1IC, and I1D will be referred to simply as drying chambers 1A to I1D. The partitions 16A, 16B, and 16C and dispersion plates 12A, 12B, 12C, and 12D and the like to be described later are also similar. The determination unit 51 is not shown in Fig. 1.
[0038]
The drying apparatus 1 includes four drying chambers 1lA to I1D. The drying chambers 1lA to I1D are arranged in this order in a conveying direction in which the coal W Iis conveyed through the drying chambers 1A to I1D. The conveying direction, for example, is a linear direction that is approximately along a horizontal plane and is a direction that is slightly inclined with respect to the horizontal plane so that it is gradually directed to the lower side toward a downstream side in the conveying direction. The conveying direction may be a curved direction along, for example, a peripheral direction around a predetermined axial line or the like.
[0039] Each of the drying chambers 1lAto 1ID is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped box shape. The drying chamber 1lAis a drying chamber disposed at an end of the upstream side in the conveying direction among the drying chambers 11A to 1ID.
[0040] The dispersion plates 12A, 12B, 12C, and 12D are respectively used as bottom plates of the drying chambers 11A to 1ID. The dispersion plates 12A to 12D extend in the conveying direction as a whole. A through hole (not shown in the drawing) that passes through in a vertical direction is formed in the dispersion plates 12A to 12D.
[0041]
The partitions 16A to 16C are formed in plate shapes extending in the vertical direction. More specifically, the partition 16A partitions a space between the drying chamber 11A and the drying chamber 11B adjacent to each other in the conveying direction among the drying chambers 11A to 1ID. A through hole 17A is formed in a lower end potion of the partition 16A. The lower end of the through hole 17A reaches the lower end of the partition 16A. The through hole 17A causes the drying chamber 11A and the drying chamber 1lB adjacent to each other in the conveying direction to communicate with each other.
[0042] Similarly, the partition 16B partitions a space between the drying chamber 1lB and the drying chamber 1IC adjacent to each other in the conveying direction. A through hole 17B formed in a lower end portion of the partition 16B causes the drying chamber 11B and the drying chamber 1IC adjacent to each other in the conveying direction to communicate with each other. The partition 16C partitions a space between the drying chamber 11C and the drying chamber 1ID adjacent to each other in the conveying direction. A through hole 17C formed in a lower end portion of the partition 16C causes the drying chamber 11C and the drying chamber 1ID adjacent to each other in the conveying direction to communicate with each other.
[0043] The number of drying chambers included in the drying apparatus 1 is not particularly limited as long as there are a plurality of drying chambers. The number of drying chambers included in the drying apparatus 1 may be two or three or five or more.
[0044] The coal supplying unit 21, for example, is formed in a square cylindrical shape having an axial line in the vertical direction. A lower end portion of the coal supplying unit 21 is fixed to a side plate of the drying chamber 11A that is disposed on a side opposite to the drying chamber1lB. The internal space of the coal supplying unit 21 communicates with the inside of the drying chamber 11A. The coal supplying unit 21 supplies coal WI disposed in the internal space of the coal supplying unit 21 to the inside of the drying chamber 11A.
[0045] A coal discharging unit 22 is fixed to aside plate of the drying chamber I1D that is disposed ona side opposite to the drying chamber 1IC. The coal discharging unit 22 conveys dried coal W2 that is acquired by drying the coal W Iinside the drying chamber 1ID to the outside of the drying chamber 1ID.
[0046] Exhaust ports 18A, 18B, 18C, and 18D are respectively formed on top plates of the drying chambers 11A to 1ID. Exhaust gas W9 containing the air W6 to be described later and the like is discharged from the exhaust ports 18A to 18D and is conveyed using a conveying pipe 23.
[0047] Scattered coal W1O is recovered by a bag filter 24 from the exhaust gas W9 conveyed using the conveying pipe 23. The exhaust gas W9 from which the scattered coal W1O has been recovered is diffused from an exhaust tower 25 to the atmosphere. The scattered coal W1O recovered using the bag filter 24 is mixed into dried coal W2 conveyed from the coal discharging unit 22 to the outside.
[0048] The direct heating unit 26 includes a blower 27, a preheater 28, and gas chambers 29A, 29B, 29C, and 29D.
[0049] The blower 27 sends external air (heating gas) W6 of the drying apparatus 1 to the preheater 28 at a predetermined flow velocity. The preheater 28 heats the air W6 sent from the preheater 28 using steam W7 or the like. The air W6 heated by the preheater 28 is sent to the insides of the gas chambers 29A to 29D using a distribution pipe 30.
[0050] The gas chambers 29A to 29D are disposed below the drying chambers 1IA to ID and are respectively attached to the dispersion plates 12A to 12D of the drying chambers 11A to 1ID. The air W6 sent to the inside of the gas chamber 29A flows upward through a communication hole of the dispersion plate 12A and is supplied to the inside of the drying chamber11A. The coal WI disposed inside the drying chamber 1lAis fluidized using the air W6 supplied to the inside of the drying chamber 11A. Similarly, the air W6 sent to the inside of the gas chambers 29B to 29D is supplied to the insides of the drying chambers 1lB to 1ID.
[0051] The direct heating unit 26 fluidizes the coal WI by directly heating the coal WI disposed inside the drying chambers 11A to 1ID using the air W6. A fluidized bed is formed using the fluidized coal WI.
[0052] The indirect heating unit 36 includes a steam supplying source 37, heat transfer pipe aggregates 38A, 38B, 38C, and 38D, and flow control valves (control valves) 39A, 39B, 39C, and 39D.
[0053] The steam supplying source 37 is connected to an end portion of amain piping 41. The steam supplying source 37 supplies steam (a heating medium) using, for example, exhaust heat to the main piping 41.
[0054] The heat transfer pipe aggregate 38A includes a plurality of heat transfer pipes 42A. The plurality of heat transfer pipes 42A, for example, extend in a direction intersecting with the conveying direction and extending along the horizontal plane.
[0055] When seen in the direction in which the plurality of heat transfer pipes 42A extend, the plurality of heat transfer pipes 42A are disposed in a zigzag pattern. End portions of the plurality of heat transfer pipes 42A are connected using, for example, a header or the like not shown in the drawing. The plurality of heat transfer pipes 42A are connected to the main piping 41 through a distribution pipe 44A. Steam supplied from the steam supplying source 37 through the main piping 41 and the distribution pipe 44A flows inside the plurality of heat transfer pipes 42A.
[0056] The heat transfer pipe aggregate 38A is disposed in a lower part inside the drying chamber 11A. In the example shown in Fig. 1, a gap is hardly formed between the heat transfer pipe aggregate 38A and the dispersion plate 12A, and a center portion of the heat transfer pipe aggregate 38A in the vertical direction and an upper end of the through hole 17A coincide with each other in the vertical direction.
[0057] In addition, as shown in Fig. 2, a gap may be formed between the heat transfer pipe aggregate 38A and the dispersion plate 12A in the vertical direction. In this example, the lower end portion of the heat transfer pipe aggregate 38A is disposed above the upper end of the through hole 17A.
[0058] The number of heat transfer pipes 42A included in the heat transfer pipe aggregate 38A is not limited to two or more but may be one.
[0059] As shown in Fig. 1, the heat transfer pipe aggregates 38B to 38D are configured and disposed similar to the heat transfer pipe aggregate 38A. In other words, each of the heat transfer pipe aggregates 38B to 38D includes a plurality of heat transfer pipes 42B, 42C, and 42D.
[0060] The plurality of heat transfer pipes 42B, the plurality of heat transfer pipes 42C, and the plurality of heat transfer pipes 42D are respectively connected to the main piping 41 through a distribution pipe 44B, a distribution pipe 44C, and a distribution pipe 44D.
[0061] The flow control valve 39Ais disposed in the distribution pipe 44A. Whilenot shown in the drawing, the flow control valve 39A, for example, includes a main body and a needle.
[0062] An opening allowing steam to flow inside thereof is formed in the main body. The needle can move to reciprocate with respect to this opening in a predetermined direction. When the needle moves to one side of the main body in the predetermined direction and is brought into contact with a peripheral edge portion of the opening in the main body, the needle completely closes the opening. At this time, a degree of opening of the flow control valve 39A becomes a minimum, and the flow control valve 39A becomes a closed state. Steamdoesnot flow inside the distribution pipe 44A.
[0063] On the other hand, as the needle moves to the other side of the main body in the predetermined direction, a ratio of a portion of the opening closed by the needle gradually decreases. At this time, the degree of opening of the flow control valve 39A gradually increases, and it gradually becomes easier for steam to flow inside the distribution pipe 44A. When the needle reaches an end of the other side of a moving range of the needle in the predetermined direction, the degree of opening of the flow control valve 39A becomes a maximum.
[0064] In this way, by adjusting the degree of opening, the flow control valve 39A can adjust an amount of flow of the steam flowing inside the plurality of heat transfer pipes 42A.
[0065] The flow control valves 39B to 39D are configured similar to the flow control valve 39A. The flow control valves 39B to 39D are respectively disposed in the distribution pipes 44B to 44D.
[0066] The flow control valves 39Ato 39D are connected to the control unit 66 using cables or the like not shown in the drawing and are controlled by the control unit 66.
[0067] The indirect heating unit 36 indirectly heats coals W Iinside the drying chambers 11A to 1ID respectively through the heat transfer pipes 42A to 42D.
[0068] As shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the determination unit 51, for example, includes first temperature sensors (temperature sensors) 52A, 52B, 52C, and 52D, second temperature sensors (temperature sensors) 53A, 53B, 53C, and 53D, third temperature sensors (temperature sensors) 54A, 54B, 54C, and 54D, first pressure sensors 55A, 55B, 55C, and 55D, second pressure sensors 56A, 56B, 56C, and 56D, and third pressure sensors 57A, 57B, 57C, and 57D.
[0069] The first temperature sensor 52A and the first pressure sensor 55A respectively determine a temperature and a pressure of a measurement point PlA positioned right above the heat transfer pipe aggregate 38A inside the drying chamber 11A. When the coal W Iis fluidized and a fluidized bed is formed inside the drying chamber 11A, the measurement point PlAis positioned inside an upper end portion of the fluidized bed. The first temperature sensor 52A and the first pressure sensor 55A respectively determine a temperature of the coal WI at the measurement point PIA (a temperature of the inside of the drying chamber 11A) and the pressure of the inside of the drying chamber 11A.
[0070] The second temperature sensor 53A and the second pressure sensor 56A respectively determine a temperature and a pressure of a measurement point P2A positioned between the ceiling of the drying chamber 11A and the upper end of the fluidized bed of the coal W1.
[0071] The third pressure sensor 57A measures a pressure of a measurement point P3A (see Fig. 3) positioned between the heat transfer pipe aggregate 38A and the dispersion plate 12A inside the drying chamber 11A. The third temperature sensor 54A measures a temperature of a measurement point P4A positioned inside the gas chamber 29A.
[0072] The first temperature sensors 52B to 52D and the first pressure sensors 55B to 55D are respectively configured similar to the first temperature sensor 52A and the first pressure sensor 55A and respectively determine temperatures and pressures of measurement points PIB to PID inside the drying chambers 11B to 1ID. By using the first temperature sensors 52A to 52D, one set of temperature sensors corresponding to the drying chambers 11A to I1D is configured.
[0073] The second temperature sensors 53B to 53D and the second pressure sensors 56B to 56D are respectively configured similar to the second temperature sensor 53A and the second pressure sensor 56A and respectively determine temperatures of the coal WI at measurement points P2B to P2D inside the drying chambers 1lB to 1ID and pressures of the insides of the drying chambers 1IB to I1D.
[0074] The third pressure sensors 57B to 57D are respectively configured similar to the third pressure sensor 57A and respectively determine pressures of measurement points P3B to P3D inside the drying chambers 1lB to 1ID. The third temperature sensors 54B to 54D are configured similar to the third temperature sensor 54A and respectively determine temperatures of measurement points P4B to P4D inside the gas chamber 29A.
[0075] It is preferable that the determination unit 51 further includes moisture sensors 59 and 60 shown in Fig. 2.
[0076] The moisture sensor 59 determines a moisture content of the coal WI inside the coal supplying unit 21. The moisture sensor 60 determines a moisture content of the coal Wi inside the coal discharging unit 22.
[0077] The temperature sensors 52Ato 52D, 53Ato 53D, and 54Ato 54D, the pressure sensors 55A to 55D, 56A to 56D, and 56A to 56D (hereinafter, abbreviated to the temperature sensors 52A to 52D and the pressure sensors 55A to 55D, and the like), and the moisture sensors 59 and 60 are connected to the control unit 66 and transmits determination results to the control unit 66.
[0078] The control unit 66, although not shown in the drawing, includes a control circuit and a memory. The control circuit includes a central processing unit (CPU) and the like. The memory, for example, is a random access memory (RAM). A control program used for controlling the control circuit, a temperature threshold set in advance, and the like are stored in the memory. The temperature threshold is such a temperature that, when the temperature of coal is lower than this temperature, generation of a CO gas from the coal is inhibited. The temperature threshold may be such a temperature that, when the temperature of coal is lower than this temperature, a CO gas is not generated from the coal.
[0079] The temperature threshold is set in correspondence with the oxygen concentration of a heating gas. For example, in a case in which the heating gas is the air (the oxygen concentration is 21%), the temperature threshold is 60°C. Ina case inwhichthe heating gas is an exhaust gas of which the oxygen concentration is equal to or lower than 10%, the temperature threshold is about 90°C.
[0080] The control unit 66 adjusts heating quantities of coals WI disposed inside the drying chambers 11A to I1D using the indirect heating unit 36 by adjusting degrees of opening of the flow control valves 39A to 39D on the basis of results of determination acquired by the determination unit 51.
[0081] Note that the drying apparatus 1 may not include the flow control valves 39A and 39B, and the control unit 66 may be configured to adjust heating quantities of only coals WIdisposed inside the drying chambers 1IC and 1ID using the indirect heating unit 36. In this way, targets for which heating quantities are adjusted by the indirect heating unit 36 are not limited to the coal W Idisposed inside the four drying chambers 1A to I1D and may be coal WIdisposed inside one, two or three drying chambers on a downstream side in the conveying direction.
[0082] Here, results of several experiments that are preliminary performed before a drying method according to this embodiment is performed will be described.
[0083]
Experiment result 1
[0084] An experiment for acquiring a drying curve at the time of drying Loy Yang coal (hereinafter, referred to as LY coal) that is brown coal as coal was performed.
1. Experiment condition
[0084] Properties and states of a used coal are represented in Table 1.
Table 1
PROXIMATE ANALYSIS ULTIMATE ANALYSIS SAMPLE TM IM Ash VM FC C H N 0 S NAME
[wt%] [wt%] [dry wt%] [dry wt%] [dry wt%] [daf wt%] [daf wt%] [daf wt%] [daf wt%] [daf wt%]
10.3 3.4 49.2 47.4 70.2 5.0 0.7 23.9 0.30 RAWCOAL 56.8
COALIFICATION BAND CALORIFIC VALUE SAMPLE 0/C H/C HHV HHV NAME O/C H/C [MEASURED VALUE] [MEASURED VALUE] - - [kJ/kgl [kcal/kgl
0.26 0.85 26996 6452 RAWCOAL
[0085] In addition, analyses and measurements shown in Table 1 were performed on the basis of the following rules.
Proximate analysis: JIS M 8812 - Coals and Cokes - Proximate Analysis Method
Ultimate analysis: JIS M 8819 - Coals and Cokes - Ultimate analyzing method using mechanical analyzing device
JIS M 8813 - Coals and Cokes - Ultimate analyzing method
Measurement of total amount of calorific value: JIS M 8814 - Coals and Cokes Method of measuring total amount of calorific value and method of calculating real amount of calorific value using bomb calorimeter
[0086] For example, as a result of the proximate analysis, the moisture content of coal (TM) was 56.8 wt%.
As a result of the ultimate analysis, a content of carbon (C) in coal was 70.2 daf wt%.
[0087] The experiments were performed using a batch-type fluidized bed drying apparatus 101 shown in Fig. 4. A dispersion plate 12 is used as a bottom plate of a drying chamber 11. A gas chamber 29 is attached to the dispersion plate 12 of the drying chamber 11. A heat transfer pipe aggregate 38 including a plurality of heat transfer pipes 42 is disposed above the dispersion plate 12 inside the drying chamber 11. The air W6 is sent by a blower 27 and is heated by a preheater 28 and then is supplied to the inside of the gas chamber 29. The preheater 28 is a heater type and heats the air W6 up to a maximum of 120°C. The amount of flow of the air W6 supplied to the inside of the drying chamber 11 was controlled by bypassing a part of the air W6 sent by the blower 27.
[0088] The coal W1 supplied to the inside of the drying chamber 11 is directly heated by the air W6, is fluidized on the dispersion plate 12, and forms a fluidized bed.
[0089] Oil that is a heat medium is housed inside an oil tank 102. This oil is supplied to an oil pump 103 and flows inside the plurality of heat transfer pipes 42 of the heat transfer pipe aggregate 38. The coal W Ifluidized on the dispersion plate 12 is indirectly heated by the oil through the plurality of heat transfer pipes 42. After scattered coal W10 is collected by a bag filter 24, an exhaust gas W9 discharged from the drying chamber 11 is emitted to the atmosphere.
[0090] The moisture content of the coal that is in the middle of being dried was measured by regularly taking out coal from a sampling port, which is not shown in the drawing, of a lower portion of the fluidized bed.
[0091] The amount of processing of coal using the fluid bed drying device 101 was set to 6 kg/batch. The temperature of a heating wind used for drying the LY coal was 90°C, the amount of flow of the heating wind was 100 Nm 3/h, and the flow rate of the heating wind in the fluidized bed was 1.1 m/s.
[0092] A result of acquisition of a drying curve of coal is shown in Fig. 5. In Fig. 5, a horizontal axis represents a coal drying time (minutes). A vertical axis on the left side represents a temperature (°C) of coal and a moisture content (%) of coal. A vertical axis on the right side represents a water content of coal. A water content of coal is defined as a ratio of the mass of water (kg - H2 0) contained in the coal to 1 kg of dried coal (kg - dried coal) acquired by drying the coal.
[0093] A line LI of marks "0" as explanatory notes represents the temperature of coal. A line L2 of marks "A" as explanatory notes represents the moisture content of coal. A line L3 of marks "o" as explanatory notes represents a water content of coal.
[0094] In the case of LY coal, the temperature of the coal is constant until the moisture content of the coal becomes about 25%, and accordingly, it can be known that the coal in a range RI in which the moisture content of the coal is 25% to 60% is in a constant-rate drying state. In a case in which the drying chamber is a continuous type, a range of the drying chambers in which coal that is in the constant-rate drying state is housed is a constant-rate drying section. In the case of coal that is in the constant-rate drying state, the amount of moisture evaporating from the surface of the coal increases even when the heating quantity is increased, and it is difficult for the temperature of the coal to rise, and the temperature of the coal is almost constant regardless of the heating quantity.
[0095] On the other hand, when the moisture content of the coal becomes equal to or lower than 25%, the temperature of the coal gradually rises, and accordingly, it can be known that coal in a range R2 in which the moisture content of the coal is equal to or lower than 25% is in a reduction-rate drying state. In a case in which the drying chamber is a continuous type, a range of the drying chambers in which coal that is in the reduction-rate drying state is housed is a reduction-rate drying section. For coal in the reduction-rate drying state, it is difficult for the amount of moisture evaporating from the surface of the coal to increase even when the heating quantity increases, and it is easy for the temperature of the coal to rise.
[0096] A temperature of coal on the boundary between the constant-rate drying state and the reduction-rate drying state, for example, may be set between a point at which a temperature rise starts to be over +10°C from the temperature of the coal at the time of starting drying and a point at which a temperature rise starts over the temperature of the coal at the time of starting drying in a relation between the drying time of the coal and the temperature of the coal.
[0097] In this way, by determining the temperature of the coal, it can be determined whether the state of coal that is being dried through heating is in the constant-rate drying state or the reduction-rate drying state.
Experiment result 2
[0098] The amount of a carbon mono-oxide (CO) gas (volatile gas) generated from coal was measured with respect to the temperature of the coal.
1. Experiment condition
[0099] A composition analysis was performed for a gas generated from coal at predetermined temperatures from room temperature (60°C) of the coal to 180°C for each 20°C.
(1) A sample of 25 g of coal that had been vacuum dried in advance was placed inside a pipe formed of a ceramic material, and both ends of the pipe were pinched by coal wool.
(2) After the inside of the pipe was sufficiently purged using nitrogen, the temperature rises until the temperature of the coal becomes a predetermined temperature while causing the air to flow at 100 ml/min. A gas generated from the coal was collected, and a composition analysis thereof was performed. For the composition analysis, a gas chromatography method (GC-TCD method) was used.
(3) As samples, Adaro coal (hereinafter, referred to as E coal) was used as subbituminous coal, and LY coal was used as brown coal.
2. Experiment result
[0100] Measurement results are shown in Fig. 6. In Fig. 6, the horizontal axis represents the temperature (°C) of the coal, and the horizontal axis represents a concentration (ppm) of the CO gas. A line L6 of marks "•" as explanatory notes represents an experiment result of the E coal, and a line L7 of marks "+" as explanatory notes represents an experiment result of the LY coal.
[0101] For the LY coal, when the temperature of the coal becomes 60°C or higher, it can be understood that a CO gas is generated from the coal. Similarly for the E coal, when the temperature of the coal becomes 60°C or higher, a CO gas is generated from the coal. In a case in which a gas is generated from coal, it means that thermal decomposition occurred in the coal, and an oxidation reaction has started in the coal.
[0102] More specifically, a temperature threshold of coal at which the generation of a CO gas from coal is inhibited may be set to a temperature at which a CO gas is determined to be equal to or higher than 5 ppm and equal to or higher than 20 ppm, and, preferably, the temperature threshold may be set to a temperature at which CO gas is determined to be equal to or higher than 5 ppm and equal to or lower than 15 ppm, and more preferably, the temperature threshold may be set to a temperature at which a CO gas is determined to be equal to or higher than 5 ppm and equal to or lowerthan 10 ppm. Consequently, a temperature threshold of coal at which generation of a CO gas from the coal is inhibited may be set to a temperature between 60°C to 80°C. In this example, the temperature threshold is set to 60°C.
[0103] Next, a drying method according to this embodiment for drying coal WI will be described.
[0104] First, in a supply process (Step S1), the coal W Iis supplied to the inside of the drying chamberl1A. In the supply process S, the coal supplying unit 21 maybe used. Whenthe supply process S ends, the process proceeds to Step S3.
[0105] Next, in a direct heating process (Step S3), the coal WI is fluidized by directly heating coal W Idisposed inside each of the drying chambers 1IA to I1D using the air W6. In order to supply the air W6 to the insides of the drying chambers 11A to I1D, for example, the blower 27, the preheater 28, and the gas chambers 29A to 29D that are the direct heating unit 26 may be used.
[0106] The coal WI fluidized inside the drying chamber 11A is sent to the drying chamber 11B through the through hole 17A of the partition 16A. Similarly, the coals WI fluidized inside the drying chambers 11B and 11C are respectively sent to the drying chambers 11C and I1D through the through holes 17B and 17C of the partitions 16B and 16C. The coal WI dried inside the drying chambers 11A to 1ID is conveyed from the coal discharging unit 22 to the outside.
[0107] The temperature sensors 52Ato 52D, the pressure sensors 55Ato 55D and the like, and the moisture sensors 59 and 60 of the determination unit 51 regularly send determination results of the temperature, the pressure, and the moisture content to the control unit 66. The control unit 66 determines each of the drying chambers 11A to 1ID to be the constant-rate drying state or the reduction-rate drying state on the basis of, for example, results of determination of temperatures of the coals WI using the first temperature sensors 52A to 52D.
[0108] For example, it is assumed that the control unit 66 determines that the constant-rate drying state and the reduction-rate drying state of the coal WI as below. Only coal WI that is in the constant-rate drying state is housed inside the drying chamber 11A. CoalWithatisin the constant-rate drying state and coal WI that is in the reduction-rate drying state are housed inside the drying chamber 1lB. Only coal W Ithat is in the reduction-rate drying state is housed inside the drying chambers 1IC and 1ID.
[0109] When the direct heating process S3 ends, the process proceeds to Step S5.
[0110] Next, in an indirect heating process (Step S5), the coals WIdisposed inside the drying chambers 11A to 1ID are indirectly heated. In order to indirectly heat the coal W1, for example, the steam supplying source 37, the heat transfer pipe aggregates 38A to 38D, and the flow control valves 39Ato 39D that are the indirect heating unit 36 maybe used. Whenthe indirect heating process S5 ends, the process proceeds to Step S7.
[0111] Next, in a heating quantity adjusting process (Step S7), the control unit 66 adjusts the heating quantity of the coal W Idisposed inside the drying chambers 11A to 1ID using the indirect heating unit 36 such that the temperature of the coal WI disposed inside each of the drying chambers 11A to 1ID is less than the temperature threshold. As the temperature of the coal W Idisposed in each of the drying chambers I1A to I1D, any value such as a value determined by the first temperature sensors 52A to 52D, a value determined by the second temperature sensors 53A to 53, a value determined by the third temperature sensors 54A to 54D of the determination unit 51, or an average value of such values may be used.
[0112] In the heating quantity adjusting process S7, the control unit 66 sets a degree of opening of the flow control valve 39A of the indirect heating unit 36 that heats the coal WI disposed inside the drying chamber 1lAto the maximum. The flow control valve 39B of the indirect heating unit 36 that heats the coal WIdisposed inside the drying chamber 11B is adjusted to a predetermined degree of opening. The predetermined degree of opening is a degree of opening between the maximum degree of opening and the minimum degree of opening. The flow control valves 39C and 39D of the indirect heating unit 36 that heats the coal W Idisposed inside the drying chambers 1IC and I1D are closed.
[113] In other words, in the drying chamber 11A in which only the coal W Ithat is in the constant-rate drying state is housed, the coal W Iis dried at once using both the direct heating unit 26 and the indirect heating unit 36. On the other hand, in the drying chambers 1IC and 1ID in which only the coal WIthat is in the reduction-rate drying state is housed, although the direct heating unit 26 is used, the heating quantity using the indirect heating unit 36 is reduced to make the temperature of the coal WI less than the temperature threshold.
[0114] Note that, in this embodiment, the supply process Si, the direct heating process S3, the indirect heating process S5, and the heating quantity adjusting process S7 are simultaneously performed.
[0115] Exhaust gases W9 discharged from the exhaust ports 18A to 18D of the drying chambers 1IA tolID are conveyed through the conveying pipe 23. Scattered coal W1O is recovered from the exhaust gases W9 by the bag filter 24 and is diffused from an exhaust tower 25 to the atmosphere. The scattered coal WI recovered using the bag filter 24 is mixed into dried coal W2 conveyed from the coal discharging unit 22 to the outside.
[0116] As described above, according to the drying apparatus 1 and the drying method of this embodiment, when coal WI is conveyed between the drying chambers 11A to 1ID to the downstream side in the conveying direction through the through holes 17A to 17C of the partitions 16A to 16C, the coal WI is fluidized by being directly heated by the air W6 and is further heated indirectly by the steam. Each pair of drying chambers 11A to 1ID that are adjacent to each other in the conveying direction are partitioned by the partitions 16A to 16C, and accordingly, the coal WI is dried while the quality of the coal WI is maintained to be constant inside the drying chambers 11A to 1ID.
[0117] At this time, a heating quantity for indirectly heating the coal W Iis adjusted such that the temperature of the coal W Idisposed inside each of the drying chambers 11A to 1ID is equal to or lower than the temperature threshold. Accordingly, it is inhibited for a volatile gas such as a CO gas to come out from the coal WI, and a change in the quality of the material of the coal WI can be inhibited.
[0118] Since the indirect heating unit 36 includes the plurality of the heat transfer pipes 42Ato 42D and the flow control valves 39A to 39D, the indirect heating unit 36 can be configured by the plurality of the heat transfer pipes 42A to 42D and the flow control valves 39A to 39D in a simple manner.
[0119] The control unit 66 sets a degree of opening of the flow control valve 39Aof the drying chamber 11A, in which only the coal W Ithat is in the constant-rate drying state is housed, to a maximum. In addition, the flow control valve 39B heating coal WI disposed inside the drying chamber 1lB in which coal W Ithat is in the constant-rate drying state and coal W Ithat is in the reduction-rate drying state are housed is adjusted to a predetermined degree of opening. The flow control valves 39C and 39D for heating coals WIdisposed inside the drying chambers 1IC and 1ID in which only coal WIthat is in the reduction-rate drying state is housed are closed.
[0120] In the case of coal WI that is in the constant-rate drying state, the amount of moisture evaporating from the surface of the coal W1 increases even when the heating quantity is increased, and it is difficult for the temperature of the coal WI to rise, and accordingly, by heating the coal WI with a large heating quantity, the coal WI disposed in the drying chamber 11A can be dried safely and efficiently. In the case of coal WI that is in the reduction-rate drying state, it is difficult for moisture to evaporate from the surface of the coal WI, and the temperature of the coal WI easily rises, and accordingly, by stopping heating using the indirect heating unit 36 by closing the flow control valves 39C and 39D, a rise in the temperature of the coal W Ican be inhibited. In the drying chamber 1lB in which coal W Ithat is in the constant rate drying state and coal WI that is in the reduction-rate drying state are housed, the coal WI is appropriately heated by adjusting the control valve to a predetermined degree of opening.
[0121] In this way, coal WI can be effectively heated by the indirect heating unit 36 in accordance with a case in which the coal WI housed inside the drying chambers 11A to 1ID is only in the constant-rate drying state, a case in which the coal is only in the reduction-rate drying state, or a case in which both coal that is in the constant-rate drying state and coal that is in the reduction-rate drying state are present.
[0122] The determination unit 51 includes the first temperature sensors 52A to 52D determining temperatures of the insides of the drying chambers 11A to 1ID, and the determination unit 51 determines the temperature of the coal WI on the basis of a determination result acquired by the first temperature sensor 52A. For this reason, the determination unit 51 can determine the temperature of the coal WI on the basis of determination results acquired by the first temperature sensors 52A to 52D.
[0123] In the drying apparatus 1 and the drying method according to this embodiment, as will be described below, the configurations and the processes can be variously changed.
[0124] As the heating gas, the exhaust gas W9 maybe used instead of the air W6. Itis preferable that the exhaust gas W9 is acquired by burning an object such as coal in the air. An oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas W9 is lower than an oxygen concentration of the air. The oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas W9, for example, is equal to or lower than 10%. By configuring as such, it is more difficult for the coal W Ito be oxidized by the heating gas than in a case in which the air W6 is used as the heating gas. For this reason, the temperature threshold can be configured to be higher than the temperature threshold of a case in which the air is used as the heating gas, and accordingly, the drying apparatus 1 can be easily controlled.
[0125] For example, in "Relationship between Natural Ignition Initial Phenomenon of Coal and Oxygen Content in the Air" (JO TASHIRO and two others, Journal of the Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1969), it is described that a CO gas is generated in proportion to the power of about 0.4 to 0.6 of the oxygen content although it is dependent on the type of coal. From this description, as the oxygen concentration of a heating gas is lowered, it gradually becomes difficult for the CO gas to be generated, and it can be understood that the temperature threshold can be raised.
[0126] Ina case in which all the coals WI disposed inside the drying chambers 1lAto I1D are in the constant-rate drying state, the control unit 66 may individually adjust the heating quantities of coals W Idisposed inside the drying chambers 11A to 1ID using the indirect heating unit 36. Since there is no coal WI that is in the reduction-rate drying state inside the drying chambers 11A to 1ID, the heating quantities of coals WIdisposed inside the drying chambers 11A to 1ID can be adjusted to desired amounts using the indirect heating unit 36.
[0127] In a case in which a part of the coals W disposed inside the drying chambers I1A to 1ID are in the constant-rate drying state, and the other part of the coals W1 disposed inside the drying chambers 11A to 1ID is in the reduction-rate drying state, the control unit 66 may adjust the heating quantity of the coal WI that is in the reduction-rate drying state using the indirect heating unit 36. For example, the coal WI that is in the constant-rate drying state may be heated with a maximum heating quantity, and the heating quantity for the coal W1 that is in the reduction-rate drying state may be adjusted to a desired amount, whereby both the coals WIcan be effectively heated.
[0128] As above, while one embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings, a specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and changes, combinations, omissions, and the like in the configuration in a range not departing from the concept of the present invention are included therein.
[0129] For example, in the embodiment described above, the determination unit 51 may not include the first pressure sensors 55A to 55D, the second pressure sensors 56A to 56D, and the third pressure sensors 57A to 57D. In such a case, the determination unit 51 may include at least one set among three sets of temperature sensors using the first temperature sensors 52A to 52D, the second temperature sensors 53A to 53D, and the third temperature sensors 54A to 54D.
[0130] The drying apparatus 1 may include moisture sensors in the drying chambers 11A to I1D instead of thefirst temperature sensors 52A to 52D and determine the temperatures of the coals W Idisposed inside the drying chambers 11A to 1ID on the basis of determination results acquired by such moisture sensors.
[0131] Although the drying object has been described as coal, the drying object is not limited thereto and may be sludge or the like.
[0132] Hereinafter, although an example of the present invention will be specifically represented and be described in more detail, the present invention is not limited to the following example.
[0133] In the drying apparatus shown in Fig. 1, an experiment in which E coal was used as coal, the processing speed of the coal was 500 kg/h, and the amount of flow of the air W6 as a heating gas was set to 2300 Nm 3/h was performed.
[0134] In Operation condition 1, the temperature of the air W6 was set to 120°C, and the temperatures of the heat transfer pipes 42A to 42D were set to 100°C. In Fig. 7, the heating quantities for coals W Idisposed inside the drying chambers 11A to 1ID of the drying apparatus using the direct heating unit 26, the heating quantities for the coals W1 using the indirect heating unit 36, and measurement results of temperatures of the coals WI are represented. In Fig. 7, a horizontal axis represents each drying chamber. A vertical axis on the left side represents heating quantities using the direct heating unit 26 and the indirect heating unit 36, and a vertical axis on the right side represents the temperature of coal W1. The heating quantity using the indirect heating unit 36 is represented on the lower side of a bar graph, and the heating quantity using the direct heating unit 26 is accumulatively represented on the upper side thereof. In the drawing, a polygonal line represents results of measurement of the temperature of the coal W1.
[0135] In addition, above the bar graph shown in Fig. 7, the moisture contents of the coals WI in the drying chambers 11A to 1ID are represented.
[0136] In this example, by closing the flow control valves 39C and 39D of the drying chambers 1iC and 1iD, heating using the indirect heating unit 36 is stopped. Asaresult, while the temperatures of the coals W Idisposed inside the drying chambers 1lB to 1ID were maintained to be lower than 60°C, the moisture contents of the coals W Iwas finally able to be equal to or lower than 10% (7%).
[0137] In Operation condition 2, the temperature of the air W6 was set to 80°C, the temperatures of the heat transfer pipes 42A and 42B were set to 100°C, and the temperatures of the heat transfer pipes 42C and 42D were set to the room temperature. In Fig. 8, the heating quantities using the direct heating unit 26, the heating quantities using the indirect heating unit 36, and measurement results of temperatures of the coals W Ifor the drying chambers 11A to
11D of the drying apparatus are represented.
[0138] Although the temperatures of the coals W Idisposed inside the drying chambers 11A to 1ID continued to rise, the temperature of the coal W Iinside the drying chamber 1ID was finally lower than 60°C.
[0139] Note that Operation conditions 1 and 2 are examples of the drying apparatus.
Industrial Applicability
[0140] The drying apparatus and the drying method according to this embodiment inhibit changes in the quality of the material of a drying object and can be appropriately used for drying a drying object and the like.
Reference Signs List
1 Drying apparatus
11A, I1B, I1C, I1D Drying chamber
16A, 16B, 16C Partition
17A, 17B, 17C Through hole
21 Coal supply unit (drying object supplying unit)
26 Direct heating unit
36 Indirect heating unit
39A, 39B, 39C, 39D Flow control valve (Control valve)
42A, 42B, 42C, 42D Heat transfer pipe
51 Determination unit
52A, 52B, 52C, 52D First temperature sensor (temperature sensor)
53A, 53B, 53C, 53D Second temperature sensor (temperature sensor)
54A, 54B, 54C, 54D Third temperature sensor (temperature sensor)
66 Control unit
W1 Coal (drying object)
W6 Air (heating gas)
[0141] Modifications and variations such as would be apparent to the skilled addressee are considered to fall within the scope of the present invention. The present invention is not to be limited in scope by any of the specific embodiments described herein. These embodiments are intended for the purpose of exemplification only. Functionally equivalent products, formulations and methods are clearly within the scope of the invention as described herein.
32-39
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Claims (9)

  1. [CLAIMS]
    [Claim 1]
    A drying apparatus that is configured to dry a drying object containing moisture,
    the drying apparatus comprising:
    a plurality of drying chambers that are arranged to be aligned in a conveying
    direction in which the drying object is conveyed;
    partitions that are configured to partition each pair of drying chambers adjacent
    to each other in the conveying direction among the plurality of drying chambers and
    cause the pairs of drying chambers adjacent to each other in the conveying direction to
    communicate with each other through through holes formed in the partitions;
    a drying object supply unit that is configured to supply the drying object to an
    inside of the drying chamber disposed at an end on an upstream side in the conveying
    direction among the plurality of drying chambers;
    a direct heating unit that is configured to directly heat the drying object disposed
    in each of the plurality of drying chambers using a heating gas and fluidize the drying
    object;
    an indirect heating unit that is configured to indirectly heat the drying object
    disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers;
    a determination unit that is configured to determine a temperature of the drying
    object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers; and
    a control unit that is configured to adjust a heating quantity for the drying object
    disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers using the indirect heating unit on the
    basis of determination results acquired by the determination unit,
    wherein the control unit is configured to adjust heating quantities for the
    plurality of drying chambers using the indirect heating unit such that a temperature of the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers determined by the determination unit is lower than a temperature threshold, which is set in advance, at which generation of a volatile gas from the drying object is inhibited, wherein the indirect heating unit includes: a heat transfer pipe that extends in a direction intersecting the conveying direction and has an inside through which aheating medium flows; and a control valve that is configured to be able to adjust an amount of flow of the heating medium flowing through the inside of the heat transfer pipe by adjusting a degree of opening and is controlled by the control unit, and wherein the control unit is configured to: set the degree of opening of the control valve of the indirect heating unit heating the drying object disposed inside the drying chamber in which only the drying object that is in a constant-rate drying state is housed to a maximum; close the control valve of the indirect heating unit heating the drying object disposed inside the drying chamber in which only the drying object that is in a reduction-rate drying state is housed; and adjust the control valve of the indirect heating unit heating the drying object disposed inside the drying chamber in which the drying object that is in the constant-rate drying state and the drying object that is in the reduction-rate drying state are housed to a predetermined degree of opening.
  2. [Claim 2]
    A drying apparatus that is configured to dry a drying object containing moisture,
    the drying apparatus comprising:
    a plurality of drying chambers that are arranged to be aligned in a conveying
    direction in which the drying object is conveyed;
    partitions that are configured to partition each pair of drying chambers adjacent
    to each other in the conveying direction among the plurality of drying chambers and cause the pairs of drying chambers adjacent to each other in the conveying direction to communicate with each other through through holes formed in the partitions; a drying object supply unit that is configured to supply the drying object to an inside of the drying chamber disposed at an end on an upstream side in the conveying direction among the plurality of drying chambers; a direct heating unit that is configured to directly heat the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers using a heating gas and fluidize the drying object; an indirect heating unit that is configured to indirectly heat the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers; a determination unit that is configured to determine a temperature of the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers; and a control unit that is configured to adjust a heating quantity for the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers using the indirect heating unit on the basis of determination results acquired by the determination unit, wherein the control unit is configured to adjust heating quantities for the plurality of drying chambers using the indirect heating unit such that a temperature of the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers determined by the determination unit is lower than a temperature threshold, which is set in advance, at which generation of a volatile gas from the drying object is inhibited, and wherein the control unit is configured to adjust the heating quantity for the drying object disposed inside each of the plurality of drying chambers using the indirect heating unit in a case in which all the drying objects disposed inside the plurality of drying chambers are in a constant-rate drying state.
  3. [Claim 3]
    A drying apparatus that is configured to dry a drying object containing moisture,
    the drying apparatus comprising:
    plurality of drying chambers that are arranged to be aligned in a conveying
    direction in which the drying object is conveyed;
    partitions that are configured to partition each pair of drying chambers adjacent
    to each other in the conveying direction among the plurality of drying chambers and
    cause the pairs of drying chambers adjacent to each other in the conveying direction to
    communicate with each other through through holes formed in the partitions;
    a drying object supply unit that is configured to supply the drying object to an
    inside of the drying chamber disposed at an end on an upstream side in the conveying
    direction among the plurality of drying chambers;
    a direct heating unit that is configured to directly heat the drying object disposed
    in each of the plurality of drying chambers using a heating gas and fluidize the drying
    object;
    an indirect heating unit that is configured to indirectly heat the drying object
    disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers;
    a determination unit that is configured to determine a temperature of the drying
    object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers; and
    a control unit that is configured to adjust a heating quantity for the drying object
    disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers using the indirect heating unit on the
    basis of determination results acquired by the determination unit,
    wherein the control unit is configured to adjust heating quantities for the
    plurality of drying chambers using the indirect heating unit such that a temperature of the
    drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers determined by the
    determination unit is lower than a temperature threshold, which is set in advance, at which generation of a volatile gas from the drying object is inhibited, and wherein the control unit is configured to adjust the heating quantity for the drying object that is in a reduction-rate drying state using the indirect heating unit in a case in which some of the drying objects disposed inside the plurality of drying chambers are in a constant-rate drying state, and the other drying objects disposed inside the plurality of drying chambers are in the reduction-rate drying state.
  4. [Claim 4]
    The drying apparatus according to claim 2 or 3,
    wherein the indirect heating unit includes:
    a heat transfer pipe that extends in a direction intersecting the conveying
    direction and has an inside through which a heating medium flows; and
    a control valve that is configured to be able to adjust an amount of flow of the
    heating medium flowing through the inside of the heat transfer pipe by adjusting a degree
    of opening and is controlled by the control unit.
  5. [Claim 5]
    The drying apparatus according to any one of claims I to 4, wherein an oxygen
    concentration of the heating gas is lower than an oxygen concentration of air.
  6. [Claim 6]
    The drying apparatus according to any one of claims I to 5,
    wherein the determination unit includes a moisture sensor that is configured to
    determine a moisture content of the drying object or a temperature sensor that is
    configured to determine temperatures of the insides of the plurality of drying chambers,
    and
    wherein the determination unit is configured to determine a temperature of the
    drying object on the basis of a determination result acquired by the moisture sensor or a determination result acquired by the temperature sensor.
  7. [Claim 7]
    A drying method for drying a drying object containing moisture, the drying
    method comprising:
    supplying the drying object to an inside of a drying chamber disposed at an end
    on an upstream side in a conveying direction in which the drying object is conveyed,
    among a plurality of drying chambers which are arranged to be aligned in the conveying
    direction and in which partitions are disposed, the partitions partitioning each pair of
    drying chambers adjacent to each other in the conveying direction among the plurality of
    drying chambers and causing the pairs of drying chambers adjacent to each other in the
    conveying direction to communicate with each other through through holes formed in the
    partitions;
    fluidizing the drying object by directly heating the drying object disposed in
    each of the plurality of drying chambers using aheating gas;
    indirectly heating the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying
    chambers;
    adjusting a heating quantity for indirectly heating the drying object using a
    control valve that is configured to be able to adjust a degree of opening such that a
    temperature of the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers is
    lower than a temperature threshold, which is set in advance, at which generation of a
    volatile gas from the drying object is inhibited;
    setting the degree of opening of the control valve to a maximum in a case in
    which the drying object disposed inside the drying chamber in which only the drying
    object that is in a constant-rate drying state is housed is indirectly heated;
    closing the control valve in a case in which the drying object disposed inside the drying chamber in which only the drying object that is in a reduction-rate drying state is housed is indirectly heated; and adjusting the control valve to a predetermined degree of opening in a case in which the drying object disposed inside the drying chamber in which the drying object that is in the constant-rate drying state and the drying object that is in the reduction-rate drying state are housed are indirectly heated.
  8. [Claim 8]
    A drying method for drying a drying object containing moisture, the drying
    method comprising:
    supplying the drying object to an inside of a drying chamber disposed at an end
    on an upstream side in a conveying direction in which the drying object is conveyed,
    among a plurality of drying chambers which are arranged to be aligned in the conveying
    direction and in which partitions are disposed, the partitions partitioning each pair of
    drying chambers adjacent to each other in the conveying direction among the plurality of
    drying chambers and causing the pairs of drying chambers adjacent to each other in the
    conveying direction to communicate with each other through through holes formed in the
    partitions;
    fluidizing the drying object by directly heating the drying object disposed in
    each of the plurality of drying chambers using a heating gas;
    indirectly heating the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying
    chambers;
    adjusting a heating quantity for indirectly heating the drying object such that a
    temperature of the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers is
    lower than a temperature threshold, which is set in advance, at which generation of a
    volatile gas from the drying object is inhibited; and adjusting the heating quantity for the drying object disposed inside each of the plurality of drying chambers by indirectly heating the drying object in a case in which all the drying objects disposed inside the plurality of drying chambers are in a constant-rate drying state.
  9. [Claim 9]
    A drying method for drying a drying object containing moisture, the drying
    method comprising:
    supplying the drying object to an inside of a drying chamber disposed at an end
    on an upstream side in a conveying direction in which the drying object is conveyed,
    among a plurality of drying chambers which are arranged to be aligned in the conveying
    direction and in which partitions are disposed, the partitions partitioning each pair of
    drying chambers adjacent to each other in the conveying direction among the plurality of
    drying chambers and causing the pairs of drying chambers adjacent to each other in the
    conveying direction to communicate with each other through through holes formed in the
    partitions;
    fluidizing the drying object by directly heating the drying object disposed in
    each of the plurality of drying chambers using a heating gas;
    indirectly heating the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying
    chambers;
    adjusting a heating quantity for indirectly heating the drying object such that a
    temperature of the drying object disposed in each of the plurality of drying chambers is
    lower than a temperature threshold, which is set in advance, at which generation of a
    volatile gas from the drying object is inhibited; and
    adjusting the heating quantity for the drying object that is in a reduction-rate
    drying state by indirectly heating the drying object in a case in which some of the drying objects disposed inside the plurality of drying chambers are in a constant-rate drying state, and the other drying objects disposed inside the plurality of drying chambers are in the reduction-rate drying state.
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PCT/JP2019/005595 WO2019220720A1 (en) 2018-05-16 2019-02-15 Drying device and drying method

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US9309465B2 (en) * 2012-07-20 2016-04-12 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation Coal reforming method and coal reforming apparatus
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JP6515672B2 (en) * 2015-05-12 2019-05-22 株式会社Ihi Drying system
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JP6419375B1 (en) 2018-11-07
CN112154296A (en) 2020-12-29

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