AU2011202871B2 - Acetylcysteine composition and uses therefor - Google Patents
Acetylcysteine composition and uses therefor Download PDFInfo
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- AU2011202871B2 AU2011202871B2 AU2011202871A AU2011202871A AU2011202871B2 AU 2011202871 B2 AU2011202871 B2 AU 2011202871B2 AU 2011202871 A AU2011202871 A AU 2011202871A AU 2011202871 A AU2011202871 A AU 2011202871A AU 2011202871 B2 AU2011202871 B2 AU 2011202871B2
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- composition
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- acceptable salt
- acetylcysteine
- edta
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 230
- PWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-N-acetyl-Cysteine Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O PWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 229960004308 acetylcysteine Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229960005489 paracetamol Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 208000007788 Acute Liver Failure Diseases 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 206010000804 Acute hepatic failure Diseases 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 231100000836 acute liver failure Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010253 intravenous injection Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 206010019663 Hepatic failure Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
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- 208000007903 liver failure Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 231100000835 liver failure Toxicity 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 206010067125 Liver injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003172 expectorant agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940066491 mucolytics Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 34
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N L-Cysteine Chemical compound SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical compound [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SHWNNYZBHZIQQV-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;disodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)azaniumyl]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)azaniumyl]acetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)C[NH+](CC([O-])=O)CC[NH+](CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O SHWNNYZBHZIQQV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- QLBHNVFOQLIYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O QLBHNVFOQLIYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960003330 pentetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940127557 pharmaceutical product Drugs 0.000 description 2
- -1 salt disodium edetate Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
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- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-D-glucopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCKYPQBAHLOOJQ-NXEZZACHSA-N 2-[[(1r,2r)-2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]cyclohexyl]-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)[C@@H]1CCCC[C@H]1N(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O FCKYPQBAHLOOJQ-NXEZZACHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAEQXEDPVFIFDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-2-(2-methylpropanoyl)-n,3-diphenyloxirane-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=O)C1(C(=O)C(C)C)OC1(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 AAEQXEDPVFIFDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FCKYPQBAHLOOJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane-1,2-diaminetetraacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)C1CCCCC1N(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O FCKYPQBAHLOOJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003109 Disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QZKRHPLGUJDVAR-UHFFFAOYSA-K EDTA trisodium salt Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O QZKRHPLGUJDVAR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019766 L-Lysine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013878 L-cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004201 L-cysteine Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- FSVCELGFZIQNCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CC(O)=O FSVCELGFZIQNCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003047 N-acetyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MBBZMMPHUWSWHV-BDVNFPICSA-N N-methylglucamine Chemical compound CNC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO MBBZMMPHUWSWHV-BDVNFPICSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
This invention relates to novel acetylcysteine compositions in solution, comprising acetylcysteine and 5 which are substantially free of metal chelating agents, such as EDTA. Further, this invention relates to methods of making and using the acetylcysteine compositions. The present compositions and methods are designed to improve patient tolerance and compliance, while at the same time io maintaining the stability of the pharmaceutical formulation. The compositions and methods of this invention are useful in the treatment of acetaminophen overdose, acute liver failure, various cancers, methacrylonitrile poisoning, reperfusion injury during is cardio bypass surgery, and radiocontrast-induced nephropathy, and can also be used as a mucolytic agent. 2693404_ 1 (GHMatters) P76914.AU. I 2/oei 1
Description
AUSTRALIA Patents Act 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Standard Patent Applicant: CUMBERLAND PHARMACEUTICALS INC. Invention Title: Acetylcysteine composition and uses therefor The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method for performing it known to me/us: - 1 ACETYLCYSTEINE COMPOSITION AND USES THEREFOR [001] The present application is a divisional application of Australian patent application no. 2006282030 which, in turn, claims priority from US patent application no. 11/209,804. FIELD OF THE INVENTION [001 A] The present invention relates to acetylcysteine compositions in solution and their use. In certain embodiments of this invention, the acetyleysteine composition is substantially free of chelating agents, which does not significantly impact the stability of the formulation. In other embodiments of the invention, the acetylcysteine composition is substantially free of EDTA. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [002] Acetylcysteine is an antioxidant having a molecular weight of 163.2 and the following chemical structure: H
H
3 C N SH 0 COOH (Merck Index 13 th ed., n90, page 17). Acetylcysteine is marketed generically in the United States and worldwide, as well as under the trade names of Acetadote*, Mucomyst*, Parvolex*, Fluimucil*, and others. It is approved for several indications including treatment of acetaminophen overdose, as an injectable and an oral agent, and as a mucolytic, as an inhalation product. Acetylcysteine is also being used or investigated to treat other indications including liver failure, various cancers, methacrylonitrile poisoning, reduction of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy, and reduction of reperfusion injury during cardio bypass surgery. 52643681 (GHManer) P76914.AU.1 3104/14 {003] Acetylcysteine is not a stable molecule and is oxidized and degraded when in solution and exposed to air. Several U.S. patents have addressed this problem. For example, U.S. Patent No. 5,691,380 appears to describe the use of a topical silicone-based emulsion system to improve the stability of acetylcysteine. [004] Other U.S. patents appear to address the problem by using a chelating agent to stabilize the acetylcysteine. Chelating agents, or chelators, are organic agents that bond with and thereby sequester free metal ions from solution. A widely used chelator is edetic acid or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, commonly referred to as EDTA, which has a molecular weight of 292.24 and the following chemical structure: 0 H 0 0 N H H _0 Or') 0 (Merck Index 13t' ed., n3546, pages 620-621). EDTA is available commercially as the free acid and as various salts, for example disodium EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, and calcium disodium EDTA. [005] U.S. Patent No. 5,807,894, for instance, appears to describe the use of the chelating agent EDTA to improve the high reactivity of acetylcysteine in a syrup formulation. U.S. Patent No. 6,114,387 appears to describe the use of EDTA to stabilize acetylcysteine in a solid dosage form. Aqueous solutions of acetylcysteine on the market, such as those under the trade names of Acetadote@, Mucomyst@, Parvolex@, Fluimucil@, also contain EDTA, in the form of the salt disodium edetate, which aids in stabilizing the pharmaceutical product. -2- [006] While improving the stability of acetylcysteine formulations, chelating agents such as EDTA can cause undesirable effects when administered to humans or animals. Some of these undesirable effects include a significant drop in serum calcium levels (Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients 226 (R. Rowe et al. eds., 4 ed., 2003)), which may result in fatality, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypotension, and EDTA has also been shown to produce reproductive developmental toxicity in test animals. EDTA has also been associated with doso related bronchoconstriction when used as a preservative in nebulizer solutions. Id. Based on the adverse effects of EDTA, particular care should be taken when administering EDTA to patients with renal impairment, liver toxicity, tuberculosis, and impaired cardiac function. Id. [007] Since acetylcysteine may be used to prevent or treat a variety of disorders and conditions, including liver damage, the addition of a chelating agent such as EDTA to an acetylcysteine pharmaceutical product is of concem. Chelating agents, while stabilizing the acetylcysteine composition, may also decrease the effectiveness of the composition. In addition, some individuals are allergic to chelating agents such that they cannot receive acetylcysteine compositions containing a chelating agent or may require additional care after receiving such compositions. [008] It would therefore be desirable to have a stable acetylcysteine solution drug product that does not produce adverse effects upon administration. In certain conditions, such as the use of acetylcysteine to lessen or prevent the liver damage caused by acetaminophen overdose, removing EDTA or other cheating -3- - 4 agents could improve efficacy by limiting any additional liver toxicity resulting from the chelating agent. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [009] It has been surprisingly found that an aqueous composition containing acetylcysteine, sterilized water, and a pH-adjusting agent, is stable without the addition of a chelating agent. Thus, the present disclosure relates to a solution containing acetylcysteine, which is substantially free of chelating agents. [009A] In a first aspect, the invention provides an aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising from 100 to 400 mg/mL acetyleysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the composition contains less than 0.05% w/v EDTA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said composition is in a suitable form for intravenous injection, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6 to 8, and wherein said composition is sealed in an airtight container comprising a fill volume of said composition and a headspace volume occupied by a pharmaceutically inert gas. [009B] In a second aspect, the invention provides an aqueous pharmaceutical composition consisting of from 100 to 400 mg/mL acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, dissolved in deaerated water, and wherein the pH of the composition is adjusted with a pH adjusting agent to a pH of from 6 to 8, wherein the composition contains less than 0.05% w/v EDTA or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said composition is in a suitable form for intravenous injection and wherein said composition is sealed in an airtight container comprising a fill volume of said composition and a headspace volume occupied by a pharmaceutically inert gas. [009C] In a third aspect, the invention provides an aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising from 100 to 400 mg/mL acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein chelating agents have not been added to the composition, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6 to 8, wherein said composition is in a suitable form for intravenous injection, and wherein said composition is sealed in an airtight container comprising a fill volume of said composition and a headspace volume occupied by a pharmaceutically inert gas. 526430_1 {GHMatter) P76914AU.1 3104/4 - 5 [009D] In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a container comprising: an aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising from 100 to 400 mg/mL acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein chelating agents have not been added to the composition, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6 to 8, and wherein said composition is in a suitable form for intravenous injection; and a headspace consisting essentially of a pharmaceutically inert gas. [009E] In a fifth aspect, the invention provides a container comprising: an aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising from 100 to 400 mg/mL acetyl cysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the composition contains less than 0.05% w/v EDTA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6 to 8, and wherein said composition is in a suitable form for intravenous injection; and a headspace consisting essentially of a pharmaceutically inert gas. [009F] In a sixth aspect, the invention provides a method of treating acetaminophen overdose, comprising: using a stable aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising 200 mg/ml acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the composition is free of chelating agents, wherein said composition is in a suitable form for intravenous injection, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6 to 7.5, and wherein said composition is sealed in an airtight container comprising a fill volume of said composition and a headspace volume occupied by a pharmaceutically inert gas; diluting the composition in an aqueous solution; and administering the diluted composition to a patient in need thereof. [009G] In a seventh aspect, the invention provides a method of treating acetaminophen overdose, comprising: using a stable aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising from 200 mg/ml to 250 mg/ml acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the composition is free of chelating agents, wherein said composition is in a suitable form for intravenous injection, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6 to 7.5, and wherein said composition is sealed in an airtight container comprising a fill volume of said composition and a headspace volume occupied by a pharmaceutically inert gas; diluting the composition in an aqueous solution; and administering the diluted composition to a patient in need thereof. 52043681 (GHMatm)P7d914AUI 31014 - 5a [009H] In an eighth aspect, the invention provides a method of treating acetaminophen overdose-induced liver damage, comprising: using a stable aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising 200 mg/ml acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the composition is free of chelating agents, wherein said composition is in a suitable form for intravenous injection, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6 to 7.5, and wherein said composition is sealed in an airtight container comprising a fill volume of said composition and a headspace volume occupied by a pharmaceutically inert gas; diluting the composition in an aqueous solution; and administering the diluted composition to a patient in need thereof. [0091] In a ninth aspect, the invention provides a method of treating acetaminophen overdose, comprising: using a stable aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising from 100 to 250 mg/ml acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the composition is free from chelating agents, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6.0 to 7.5, and wherein said composition is sealed in an airtight container comprising a fill volume of said composition and a headspace volume occupied by a pharmaceutically inert gas; diluting the composition in an aqueous solution; and administering the diluted composition orally to a patient in need thereof. [009J] In a tenth aspect, the invention provides a method of treating acetaminophen overdose, comprising: using a stable aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising from 100 to 250 mg/mL acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein chelating agents are not added to the composition but may be present as an impurity or undesired contaminant, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6.0 to 7.5, wherein the composition is in a suitable form for intravenous administration, and wherein said composition is sealed in an airtight container comprising a fill volume of said composition and a headspace volume occupied by a pharmaceutically inert gas; diluting the composition in an aqueous solution; and administering the diluted composition to a patient in need thereof. [009K] In an eleventh aspect, the invention provides a method of treating 5264368_ (GHMatrs) P76914AU1 3/04/14 - 5b acetaminophen overdose, comprising: administering to a patient in need thereof an aqueous composition of from 100 to 400 mg/mL acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said composition contains less than 0.05% w/v EDTA or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said composition is in a suitable form for intravenous injection, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6 to 8, and wherein said composition is sealed in an airtight container comprising a fill volume of said composition and a headspace volume occupied by a pharmaceutically inert gas. [009L] In a twelfth aspect, the invention provides a method for treating liver failure, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an aqueous composition of acetylcysteine, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6 to 8, wherein the composition contains from 100 to 400 mg/mL acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and wherein the composition contains less than 0.05% w/v EDTA or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. [009M] In a thirteenth aspect, the invention provides use of an aqueous composition of from 100 to 400 mg/mL acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said composition contains less than 0.05% w/v EDTA or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said composition is in a suitable form for intravenous injection, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6 to 8, and wherein said composition is sealed in an airtight container comprising a fill volume of said composition and a headspace volume occupied by a pharmaceutically inert gas, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of acetaminophen overdose. [009N] In a fourteenth aspect, the invention provides use of an aqueous composition of acetylcysteine, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6 to 8, wherein the composition contains from 100 to 400 mg/mL acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and wherein the composition contains less than 0.05% w/v EDTA or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of liver failure. 526430_1 (GH Mttrs) P70914 AU.1 3/04/14 - 5c [010] The pH of the aqueous pharmaceutical composition described herein may be from 5 to 9, from 6 to 8, from 6.5 to 7.0, or 6.8. The pH of the composition may be adjusted by the addition of a pH-adjusting agent, such as sodium hydroxide. [011] Also described herein is an aqueous pharmaceutical composition substantially free of chelating agents. In a further embodiment, the aqueous pharmaceutical composition described herein is substantially free of EDTA, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. [012] In further embodiments, the aqueous pharmaceutical composition contains less than 0.05%, less than 0.02%, or no chelating agents. In still other embodiments, the aqueous pharmaceutical composition contains less than 0.05%, less than 0.02%, or no EDTA or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. [013] In yet another embodiment, the aqueous pharmaceutical composition consists of from 10 to 400 mg/mL acetylcysteine and an adequate amount of sodium hydroxide, dissolved in deaerated water, to achieve a final pH from 6 to 8. [014] Also described herein is a method of making an aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising acetylcysteine, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6 to 8 and wherein the composition contains less than 0.05% chelating agents or is substantially free of chelating agents, such as EDTA. [015] Also described herein are methods of treating acetaminophen overdose, liver failure, various cancers, methacrylonitrile poisoning, reduction of radiocontrast induced nephropathy, reduction of reperfusion injury during cardio bypass surgery, and diseases where a mucolytic is desired comprising administering an aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising acetyleysteine, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6 to 8 and wherein the composition contains less than 0.05% chelating agents or is substantially free of chelating agents, such as EDTA. 5264368_1 (GHMatters) P76914AU.1 3104114 - 5d [016] Additional advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part may be learned by practice of the invention. The advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. [017] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed. [00 17A] Aspects of the invention described herein are claimed in Australian patent no. 2006282030. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 5264368_1 (GHMater) P76914.AU.1 3/04/14 A. Definitions [018] In order that the present invention may be more readily understood, certain terms are first defined. Additional definitions are set forth throughout the detailed description. [019] The term "stable" or "stability" refers to both the physical and chemical stability of a composition in any form, such as a solution. A composition is stable if it exhibits minimal change over time relative to when it is manufactured. Stability is measured at various time points through a planned product expiration date with evaluation criteria including such items as therapeutic activity, appearance, levels of particulate matter, pH, content of active ingredientss, and levels of degradation products, impurities, or related substances. The stability of a composition can be measured as described in Example 3. [020] As used herein, the term "salt" or pharmaceuticallyy acceptable salt" refers to acidic salts formed with inorganic and/or organic acids, as well as basic salts formed with inorganic and/or organic bases. Examples of these acids and bases are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Salts according to the present invention may be used in a variety of forms. In water and other aqueous solutions, salts typically dissociate into an "anion," or negatively charged subcomponent, and a "cation," or positively charged subcomponent. The salts may also be those that are physiologically tolerated by a patient, for example without undue toxicity, incompatibility, instability, and allergic response. [021] The term "substantially free" refers to compositions that have significantly reduced levels of chelating agents. In one embodiment, chelating agents are not added to the composition, but may be present otherwise. For -6instance, the chelating agent may be present as an impurity or undesired contaminant. B. Description of the Invention [022] The Applicant has discovered that liquid compositions of acetylcysteine can be produced with pharmaceutically acceptable stability in solution of at least one year at ambient conditions and six months at accelerated conditions (40*C) without the need of a chelating agent. This stability is surprising given the generally unstable nature of acetylcysteine. [023] Chelating agents, or chelators, are organic agents that bond with and thereby sequester free metal ions from solution. A widely used chelator is edetic acid or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, commonly referred to as EOTA. Additional examples of chelating agents include, but are not limited to, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), trethylenetetraaminehexaacetic acid (TTHA), trans-1, 2 -diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (CDTA), ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS), dihydroxyethyl glycine, citric acid, succinic acid, and tartaric acid A chelator may be used in its acid form, but it may also be used as one of its salts. Salts of EDTA, for example, include edetate calcium disodium, edetate disodium, edetate sodium, edetate trisodium, and edetate dipotassium. [024] In one embodiment, the compositions of the invention contain no chelating agents or are substantially free of chelating agents, such as EDTA. In another embodiment the compositions of the invention contain less than 0.05% of a chelating agent, such as EDTA. For example, the composition of the present invention may contain less than 0.050%, 0.045%, 0.040%, 0.035, 0.030%, 0.025%, -7- 0.020%, 0.015%, 0.010%, 0.0050%, 0.0025%, 0.0010% of chelating agents, such as EDTA. [025] Acetylcysteine is the nonproprietary name for the N-acetyl derivative of the naturally occurring amino acid, L-cysteine (also known as N-acetyl-L-cysteine and NAC). In one embodiment of the invention, the aqueous compositions of the invention comprise an effective amount of acetylcysteine. Acetylcysteine Includes derivatives of acetyleysteine, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Derivatives of acetylcysteine include, but are not limited to, esters, amides, anhydrides, and thio-esters and thlo-ethers of the sulfhydryl moiety. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of acetylcysteine and acetylcysteine derivatives Include, but are not limited to, sodium salts, potassium salts, magnesium salts, calcium salts, zinc salts, and ammonium salts. [026] The amount of acetylcysteine may vary depending on the desired characteristics of the solution and can be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art. In one embodiment of the invention, the acetylcysteine comprises 0.1-50%, in another embodiment 1.0-25%, in an additional embodiment 10%, and in yet another embodiment 20%. [027] The present inventor has further discovered that a liquid composition of acetylcysteine can be produced, which is substantially free of or contains less than 0.05% chelating agents, which has a pH that is suitable for injection or inhalation and can also be used orally. Thus, another embodiment of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising an aqueous solution of acetylcysteine, wherein the pH of the composition is from 5 to 9. In yet anotherembodiment of the invention, the pharmaceutical composition comprises an aqueous solution of -8acetycysteine, wherein the pH of the composition is from 0 to 8. A further embodiment of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising an aqueous solution of acetylcysteine, wherein the pH is about 6.8. In still other embodiments, the pH of the composition Is 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, or 9.0. [0281 Formulations of the present invention may further comprise pHadjusting agents, for example, basic agents. Such agents include a number of inorganic or organic bases which are pharmaceutically acceptable, in the dosage ranges used, including a monovalent metal alkali and/or a divalent metal alkali, such as, for example, sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, ammonia, tertiary sodium phosphate, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, N-methylglucamine, or L-lysine and/or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment of the invention sodium hydroxide is added to the composition to adjust the pH of the composition. [029] The amount of pH-adjusting agent may vary depending on the desired pH of the composition and the amount of acetylcysteine in the solution and can be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art. For example, in general, the amount of a pH-adjusting agent, such as sodium hydroxide, in formulations of the present invention will directly vary depending on the desired concentration of the acetylcysteine. The exact amount of pH-adjusting agent to be employed will depend on the particular agent and upon the buffering capacity of the aqueous medium and other components of the formulation employed. Thus, the artisan will -9appreciate that the optimum amount of pH-adjusting agent will be readily determined, for example, by a process of titration to the desired pH. [030] The present invention also provides for an aqueous pharmaceutical composition consisting of from 10 to 400 mg/mL acetylcysteine and the titrated amount of sodium hydroxide or other base, dissolved in deaerated water, to achieve the desired pH of the composition, for example from 6 to 8. [031] In certain embodiments, the pham-nt:eutical composition may contain formulation materials for modifying, maintaining or preserving, for example, osmolarity, viscosity, clarity, color, isotonicity, odor, sterility, rate of dissolution or release, adsorption or penetration of the composition, In certain embodiments, suitable formulation materials include, but are not limited to, antioxidants (such as ascorbic acid or sodium metabisifuite); bulking/caking agent (such as mannitol, lactose, or trehalose); excipients and/or pharmaceutical adjuvants. (Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 180 Edition, A.R. Gennaro, ed., Mack Publishing Company (1990). [032] The present inventor has further discovered a method of making a pharmaceutical composition comprising an aqueous solution of acetylcysteine and a pH-adjusting agent, wherein the composition is substantially free of chelating agents or contains less than 0.05% chelating agents. The method comprises the following; adding acetylcysteine to deaerated water, adding a pH-adjusting agent until a pH of approximately 6.8 is reached and the acetylcysteine Is fully dissolved. Alternatively, acetylcysteine can be added to an aqueous deaerated solution containing the pH adjusting solution. The resulting product is a clear, colorless to light purple solution that can be readily passed through a sterilizing filter, such as a -10- 0.2 micron filter. The product is then filled into vials and an inert atmosphere is placed over the solution prior to sealing. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize methods of varying the manufacturing process to optimize the dosage form or increase the product amount for large-scale manufacturing. [033] Acetylcysteine administration has been shown to reduce the extent of liver injury following acetaminophen overdose. The present inventor has discovered a method of treating acetaminophon ovordose comprising admInisteiing to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising an aqueous solution of acetylcysteine, wherein the composition is substantially free of or contains less than 0.05% EDTA, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Other conditions alleviated by the aqueous acetylcystelne compositions of the invention include, but are not limited to, liver failure, various cancers, methacrylonitrile poisoning, reduction of radio contrast induced nephropathy, reduction of reperfusion injury during cardio bypass surgery, and diseases where a mucolytic is desired. (034] The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may be administered by injection (intravenous or Intramuscular), by inhalation, or by the oral route. In one embodiment of the invention, the composition of the invention is dissolved in an aqueous solution containing at least one of dextrose and sodium chloride prior to administration. In another embodiment of the invention, the composition of the invention is dissolved in an aqueous solution of 0.45% or 0.90% sodium chloride (half normal and normal saline respectively). In yet another composition of the invention, it is dissolved in an aqueous solution of 5% dextrose prior to administration. The composition of the invention may also be dissolved in - 11 water for injection prior to administration. Other diluents known to those of ordinary skill in the art can also be used. Dosages of the pharmaceutical composition range from 10 mg per dose to as much as 400 mg/kg of acetylcysteine in the pharmaceutical composition and can be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art. [035] In one embodiment the invention, the pharmaceutical composition is administered to treat acetaminophon toxicity. The composition of the invention is mixed in 5% dextrose and 150 mg/kg of drug is given over a period of 15 minutes to 2 hours as a loading dose immediately followed by a second dose at 50 mg/kg over 4 hours and then by a third dose of 100 mg/kg over 20 hours. Additional courses can be given if required. [036] One of skill in the art will recognize that the appropriate dosage of the aqueous acetylcysteine compositions may vary depending on the individual being treated and the purpose. For example, the age, body weight, and medical history of the individual patient may affect the efficacy of the therapy. Further, a lower dosage of the composition may be needed to treat, for instance, lower weight patients, while heavier patients require a higher dose of acetylcysteine. A competent physician can consider these factors and adjust the dosing regimen to ensure the dose is achieving the desired therapeutic outcome without undue experimentation. It is also noted that the clinician and/or treating physician will know how and when to interrupt, adjust, and/or terminate therapy in conjunction with individual patient response. [037] All references cited herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and for all purposes to the same extent as if each individual - 12 publication or patent or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. To the extent publications and patents or patent applications incorporated by reference contradict the disclosure contained in the specification, the specification is intended to supersede and/or take precedence over any such contradictory material. [038] All numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about." Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present invention. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should be construed in light of the number of significant digits and ordinary rounding approaches. [039] All numbers expressing percentages of ingredients, components, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "w/v." Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the percentages set forth in the specification and attached claims are expressed in weight per unit volume. [040] Many modifications and variations of this invention can be made without departing from its spirit and scope, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The specific embodiments described herein are offered by way of example only and are not meant to be limiting in any way. It Is intended that the -13specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the claims. [041] The following examples represent specific embodiments of the foregoing discovery, and they are not representative of the entire scope of the invention. The acetylcysteine, water, sodium hydroxide, and disodium edentate are Pharmacopea grade but other pharmaceutically acceptable materials can be utilized. C. Examples The following examples are offered for Illustrative purposes only. Example 1: Preparation of an acetylcysteine formulation [042] Twenty kilograms of acetylcysteine were added to approximately 60 liters of deaerated water for injection and the solution was mixed. A solution of sodium hydroxide was added to adjust the pH to approximately 6.5 to 7.0 and mixed until dissolved. A sufficient quantity of deaerated water for injection was added to make a 20% solution (total volume of 100 liters). Exposure to air was minimized by displacing oxygen with nitrogen. The solution was passed through a 0.2 micron sterilizing filter. The product was filled into vlals or ampules and exposure to oxygen minimized by displacing the headspace with nitrogen. Example 2: Preparation of an acetylcysteine formulation [043] Add 10 kg of acetylcysteine to approximately 60 liters of deaerated water for injection and mix. Add a solution of sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH to approximately 6.5 to 7.0 and continue mixing until dissolved. Add a sufficient quantity of deaerated water for injection to make a 10% solution (total volume of 100 liters). Minimize exposure to air by displacing oxygen with nitrogeh or other -14pharmaceutically inert gas. Pass the solution through a 0.2 micron or other sterilizing filter. Fill the product into vials or ampules minimizing exposure to oxygen by displacing the headspace with nitrogen or other pharmaceutically inert gas. Example 3: Stability of acetylcystelne compositions of the Invention [044] To determine whether the stability of acetylcysteine solutions required EDTA, three solutions containing different concentrations of edetate disodium were manufactured. The stability of a solution containing 0.05% edetate disodium, a solution containing 40% of that amount, 0.02% edetate disodium, and a solution containing no edetate disodium (0.00%) was examined. The three solutions were manufactured using similar processes to the process described in Example 1. Briefly, the edetate disodium, if any, was added in approximately 60% of the required deaerated water and mixed until dissolved. Acetylcysteine was then added and mixed until dissolved. The pH was adjusted to approximately 6.8 with sodium hydroxide and deaerated water was added to the target level. Nitrogen was used to purge the solutions. The product was then passed through a 0.2 micron filter to remove potential microbial contamination and was filled into vials. [045] At an initial time point, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to assess the acetylcysteine content and -chromatographic purity of the three solutions. Measurements were taken of various impurities including, L cysteine, impurity C, (disulfide), impurity D, and other impurities or degradation products. The peak areas for these HPLC measurements are presented in Table 1. - 15 - An analysis of unknown peaks in the chromatograms was also undertaken. The "highest unknown" represents the area of the highest individual unidentified peak in the chromatogram, while "total unknowns" represents the total area of unidentified peaks in the chromatogram. See Table 1. In addition to HPLC, the visual appearance, pH, and levels of particulates of each of the three solutions were examined. Vials containing the three solutions were then placed at either 250C or 40*C and vials were removed at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months and assayed for the parameters described above. See Table 1. [046] Appearance, pH, and particulate matter remained constant over time between the three formulations. As shown in Table 1, there were no significant differences between each of the three solutions in acetylcysteine content or purity. The results demonstrate that edetate Is not required to produce a product with pharmaceutically acceptable stability. These results are surprising given the generally unstable nature of acetylcysteine. Table 1 Time-point Disodium Temp Acetyl- L- Impurity C Impurity Highest Total EDTA cysteine Cystelne (Disulfide) D Unknown Unknowns Content Initial 0.00% N/A 202.4 0.15 0.55 0.18 0.01 0.02 Initial 0.02% N/A 203.9 0.19 0.44 0.23 0.03 0.05 Initial 0.05% N/A 204.7 0.20 0.50 0.30 0.04 0.10 3 Months 0.00% 25 0 C 204.2 0.181 0.482 0.137 0.053 0.080 3 Months 0.00% 40*C 201.8 0.370 0.540 0.90 0.070 0.132 3 Months 0.02% 25"C 204.9 0.259 0.436 0.191 0.074 0.141 3 Months 0.02% 40*C 204.5 0.463 0.467 0.142 0.065 0.183 3 Months 0.05% 25*C 206.1 0.209 0.444 0.214 0.044 0.119 3 Months 0.05% 40 0 C 205.4 0.532 0.507 0.165 0.045 0.154 6 Months 0.00% 250C 202.4 0.262 0.523 0.106 0.013 0.013 6 Months 0.00% 40 0 C 201.7 0.707 0.509 0.053 0.133 0.133 6 Months 0.02% 25C 205.9 0.338 0.391 0.167 0.013 0.013 6 Months 0.05% 25*C 207.1 0.369 0.483 0.186 0.013 0.013 6 Months 0.05% 40 0 C 204.6 0.932 0.509 0.104 0.135 0.135 6 Months 0.02% 40 0 C 204.3 0.856 0.525 0.093 0.135 0.135 12 Months 0.00% 25"C 204.5 0.364 0.597 0.079 0.034 0.071 12 Months 0.02% 25 0 C 206.0 0.435 0.475 0.134 0.042 0.130 12 Months 0.05% 25 0 C 207.1 0.514 0.435 0.160 0.055 0.122 -16- - 16A [047] It is to be understood that, if any prior art publication is referred to herein, such reference does not constitute an admission that the publication forms a part of the common general knowledge in the art, in Australia 5 or any other country. [048] In the claims which follow and in the preceding description of the invention, except where the context requires otherwise due to express language or necessary 10 implication, the word "comprise" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising" is used in an inclusive sense, i.e. to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments of the invention. 2453702.1 (GHMatters)
Claims (33)
1. A method of treating acetaminophen overdose, comprising: using a stable aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising 200 mg/ml acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the composition is free of chelating agents, wherein said composition is in a suitable form for intravenous injection, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6 to 7.5, and wherein said composition is sealed in an airtight container comprising a fill volume of said composition and a headspace volume occupied by a pharmaceutically inert gas; diluting the composition in an aqueous solution; and administering the diluted composition to a patient in need thereof.
2. A method of treating acetaminophen overdose, comprising: using a stable aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising from 200 mg/ml to 250 mg/ml acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the composition is free of chelating agents, wherein said composition is in a suitable form for intravenous injection, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6 to 7.5, and wherein said composition is sealed in an airtight container comprising a fill volume of said composition and a headspace volume occupied by a pharmaceutically inert gas; diluting the composition in an aqueous solution; and administering the diluted composition to a patient in need thereof.
3. A method of treating acetaminophen overdose-induced liver damage, comprising: using a stable aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising 200 mg/ml acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the composition is free of chelating agents, wherein said composition is in a suitable form for intravenous injection, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6 to 7.5, and wherein said composition is sealed in an airtight container comprising a fill volume of said composition and a headspace volume occupied by a pharmaceutically inert gas; diluting the composition in an aqueous solution; and administering the diluted composition to a patient in need thereof. 5264388i (GHMatter) P76914AU.1 3104/14 - 18
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the patient is in liver failure.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the liver failure is acute liver failure.
6. An aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising from 100 to 400 mg/mL acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the composition contains less than 0.05% w/v EDTA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said composition is in a suitable form for intravenous injection, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6 to 8, and wherein said composition is sealed in an airtight container comprising a fill volume of said composition and a headspace volume occupied by a pharmaceutically inert gas.
7. The aqueous pharmaceutical composition of claim 6, wherein the composition contains less than 0.02% w/v EDTA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
8. The aqueous pharmaceutical composition of claim 6, wherein the composition is stable for at least 12 months at 25'C.
9. The aqueous pharmaceutical composition of claim 6, wherein the composition is stable for at least 6 months at 40*C.
10. An aqueous pharmaceutical composition consisting of from 100 to 400 mg/mL acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, dissolved in deaerated water, and wherein the pH of the composition is adjusted with a pH adjusting agent to a pH of from 6 to 8, wherein the composition contains less than 0.05% w/v EDTA or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said composition is in a suitable form for intravenous injection and wherein said composition is sealed in an airtight container comprising a fill volume of said composition and a headspace volume occupied by a pharmaceutically inert gas. 5284368_1 (GHMaters) P76914AU.1 3/04I14 - 19
11. Use of an aqueous composition of from 100 to 400 mg/mL acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said composition contains less than 0.05% w/v EDTA or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said composition is in a suitable form for intravenous injection, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6 to 8, and wherein said composition is sealed in an airtight container comprising a fill volume of said composition and a headspace volume occupied by a pharmaceutically inert gas, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of acetaminophen overdose.
12. The use of claim 11, wherein the composition contains less than 0.02% w/v EDTA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
13. An aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising from 100 to 400 mg/mL acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein chelating agents have not been added to the composition, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6 to 8, wherein said composition is in a suitable form for intravenous injection, and wherein said composition is sealed in an airtight container comprising a fill volume of said composition and a headspace volume occupied by a pharmaceutically inert gas.
14. A container comprising: an aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising from 100 to 400 mg/mL acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein chelating agents have not been added to the composition, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6 to 8, and wherein said composition is in a suitable form for intravenous injection; and a headspace consisting essentially of a pharmaceutically inert gas.
15. A container comprising: an aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising from 100 to 400 mg/mL acetyl cysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the composition contains less than 0.05% w/v EDTA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6 to 8, and wherein said composition is in a suitable form for intravenous injection; and a headspace consisting essentially of a pharmaceutically inert gas. 5284388_1 (GHMatte) P76914 AU.I 304/14 - 20
16. The container of claim 15, wherein the composition contains less than 0.02% w/v EDTA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
17. The container of claim 15 or claim 16, wherein the composition contains no EDTA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
18. Use of an aqueous composition of acetylcysteine, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6 to 8, wherein the composition contains from 100 to 400 mg/mL acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and wherein the composition contains less than 0.05% w/v EDTA or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of liver failure.
19. The use of claim 18, wherein the composition contains less than 0.05% w/v chelating agents or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
20. The use of claim 18 or claim 19, wherein the composition contains less than 0.02% w/v EDTA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
21. The use of any one of claims 18 to 20, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6.5 to 7.0.
22. The use of any one of claims 18 to 21 wherein the liver failure is acute liver failure.
23. The aqueous pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the composition contains 200 mg/mL acetyleysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
24. The container of any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the composition contains 200 mg/mL acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 526438I (GHMatr.) P76914AU.1 3/O4/14 - 21
25. A method of treating acetaminophen overdose, comprising: using a stable aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising from 100 to 250 mg/ml acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the composition is free from chelating agents, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6.0 to 7.5, and wherein said composition is sealed in an airtight container comprising a fill volume of said composition and a headspace volume occupied by a pharmaceutically inert gas; diluting the composition in an aqueous solution; and administering the diluted composition orally to a patient in need thereof.
26. The method of claim 25, wherein the pH of the composition in an undiluted state is about 7.0.
27. The method of claim 25 or claim 26, wherein the composition in an undiluted state comprises about 200 mg/mL acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
28. The method of claim 25 or claim 26, wherein the composition in an undiluted state comprises 100 mg/mL acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
29. A method of treating acetaminophen overdose, comprising: using a stable aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising from 100 to 250 mg/mL acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein chelating agents are not added to the composition but may be present as an impurity or undesired contaminant, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6.0 to 7.5, wherein the composition is in a suitable form for intravenous administration, and wherein said composition is sealed in an airtight container comprising a fill volume of said composition and a headspace volume occupied by a pharmaceutically inert gas; diluting the composition in an aqueous solution; and administering the diluted composition to a patient in need thereof. 5264368i (GHMaters) P76914 AU.I 3/04/14 - 22
30. The method of claim 29, wherein the pH of the composition in an undiluted state is about 7.0.
31. The method of claim 29 or claim 30, wherein the composition in an undiluted state comprises about 200 mg/mL acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
32. A method of treating acetaminophen overdose, comprising: administering to a patient in need thereof an aqueous composition of from 100 to 400 mg/mL acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said composition contains less than 0.05% w/v EDTA or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said composition is in a suitable form for intravenous injection, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6 to 8, and wherein said composition is sealed in an airtight container comprising a fill volume of said composition and a headspace volume occupied by a pharmaceutically inert gas.
33. A method for treating liver failure, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an aqueous composition of acetylcysteine, wherein the pH of the composition is from 6 to 8, wherein the composition contains from 100 to 400 mg/mL acetylcysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and wherein the composition contains less than 0.05% w/v EDTA or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 52543681 (GHadter) P76914.AU.1 304/14
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| AU2011202871A AU2011202871B2 (en) | 2005-08-24 | 2011-06-15 | Acetylcysteine composition and uses therefor |
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| US11/209,804 | 2005-08-24 | ||
| AU2006282030A AU2006282030B2 (en) | 2005-08-24 | 2006-05-30 | Acetylcysteine composition and uses therefor |
| AU2011202871A AU2011202871B2 (en) | 2005-08-24 | 2011-06-15 | Acetylcysteine composition and uses therefor |
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| US8148356B2 (en) | 2005-08-24 | 2012-04-03 | Cumberland Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Acetylcysteine composition and uses therefor |
| CN112245412B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2023-04-07 | 山西国润制药有限公司 | Acetylcysteine solution for inhalation and preparation method and application thereof |
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